<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace GuzzleHttp\Tests\Handler;

use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use GuzzleHttp\Exception\ConnectException;
use GuzzleHttp\Exception\ConnectTimeoutException;
use GuzzleHttp\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
use GuzzleHttp\Exception\NetworkException;
use GuzzleHttp\Exception\NetworkTimeoutException;
use GuzzleHttp\Exception\RequestException;
use GuzzleHttp\Exception\ResponseException;
use GuzzleHttp\Exception\ResponseTimeoutException;
use GuzzleHttp\Exception\ResponseTransferException;
use GuzzleHttp\Handler;
use GuzzleHttp\Handler\CurlFactory;
use GuzzleHttp\Handler\CurlFactoryInterface;
use GuzzleHttp\Handler\CurlShareHandleState;
use GuzzleHttp\Handler\CurlVersion;
use GuzzleHttp\Handler\EasyHandle;
use GuzzleHttp\HandlerStack;
use GuzzleHttp\Multiplexing;
use GuzzleHttp\Promise as P;
use GuzzleHttp\Psr7;
use GuzzleHttp\Server\Server;
use GuzzleHttp\TransferStats;
use GuzzleHttp\TransportSharing;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
use Psr\Http\Client\NetworkExceptionInterface;
use Psr\Http\Client\RequestExceptionInterface;
use Psr\Http\Message\MessageInterface;
use Psr\Http\Message\RequestInterface;
use Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;

/**
 * @covers \GuzzleHttp\Handler\CurlFactory
 */
class CurlFactoryTest extends TestCase
{
    public static function setUpBeforeClass(): void
    {
        $_SERVER['curl_test'] = true;
        unset($_SERVER['_curl'], $_SERVER['_curl_share'], $_SERVER['_curl_share_init_count']);
    }

    public static function tearDownAfterClass(): void
    {
        unset($_SERVER['_curl'], $_SERVER['_curl_share'], $_SERVER['_curl_share_init_count'], $_SERVER['curl_test'], $_SERVER['curl_setopt_fail']);
    }

    public function testCreatesCurlHandle(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, [
                'Foo' => 'Bar',
                'Baz' => 'bam',
                'Content-Length' => '2',
            ], 'hi'),
        ]);
        $stream = Psr7\Utils::streamFor();
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [
            'Hi' => ' 123',
            'Content-Length' => '7',
        ], 'testing');
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $result = $f->create($request, ['sink' => $stream]);

        try {
            self::assertInstanceOf(EasyHandle::class, $result);

            if (\PHP_VERSION_ID >= 80000) {
                self::assertInstanceOf(\CurlHandle::class, $result->handle);
            } else {
                self::assertIsResource($result->handle);
            }

            self::assertIsArray($result->headers);
            self::assertSame($stream, $result->sink);
        } finally {
            if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 80000) {
                \curl_close($result->handle);
            }
        }

        self::assertSame('PUT', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST]);
        self::assertSame(
            'http://127.0.0.1:8126/',
            $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_URL]
        );
        // Sends via post fields when the request is small enough
        self::assertSame('testing', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS]);
        self::assertEquals(0, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER]);
        self::assertEquals(0, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HEADER]);
        self::assertSame(60000, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT_MS]);
        self::assertInstanceOf('Closure', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION]);
        self::assertCurlProtocols(['http', 'https']);
        self::assertContains('Expect:', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
        self::assertContains('Accept:', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
        self::assertContains('Content-Type:', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
        self::assertContains('Hi: 123', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
        self::assertContains('Host: 127.0.0.1:8126', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
    }

    public function testSuppressesProxyConnectHeadersForTunneledRequests(): void
    {
        if (!CurlVersion::supportsProxyTunneling()) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_SUPPRESS_CONNECT_HEADERS is not supported by this cURL build.');
        }

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), ['proxy' => 'http://127.0.0.1:8125']);

        $factory->release($easy);
        self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][(int) \constant('CURLOPT_SUPPRESS_CONNECT_HEADERS')]);
    }

    public function testDoesNotSuppressConnectHeadersWithoutProxyTunnel(): void
    {
        if (!CurlVersion::supportsProxyTunneling()) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_SUPPRESS_CONNECT_HEADERS is not supported by this cURL build.');
        }

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), ['proxy' => 'http://127.0.0.1:8125']);

        $factory->release($easy);
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey((int) \constant('CURLOPT_SUPPRESS_CONNECT_HEADERS'), $_SERVER['_curl']);
    }

    public function testRejectsTunneledProxyRequestsOnUnsupportedCurl(): void
    {
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.53.0',
            'features' => \curl_version()['features'],
        ]);

        try {
            (new CurlFactory(3))->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), ['proxy' => 'http://127.0.0.1:8125']);

            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame(
                'Tunneling requests through an HTTP proxy is not supported by the installed libcurl; libcurl 7.54.0 or newer is required.',
                $e->getMessage()
            );
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testAllowsTunneledProxyAtLibcurl754(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_SUPPRESS_CONNECT_HEADERS')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_SUPPRESS_CONNECT_HEADERS is not supported by this cURL build.');
        }

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = self::createOnFactory($factory, '7.54.0', 'https://example.com', ['proxy' => 'http://127.0.0.1:8125']);

        $factory->release($easy);
        self::assertSame('http://127.0.0.1:8125', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
        self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][(int) \constant('CURLOPT_SUPPRESS_CONNECT_HEADERS')]);
    }

    public function testCloseClearsIdleHandles(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), []);

        $factory->release($easy);
        self::assertCount(1, self::readIdleHandles($factory));

        $factory->close();

        self::assertSame([], self::readIdleHandles($factory));
    }

    public function testReleaseClearsCallbacksBeforeDiscardingHandle(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(0);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'progress' => static function (): void {
            },
        ]);

        $factory->release($easy);

        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        if (\defined('CURLOPT_XFERINFOFUNCTION')) {
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey((int) \constant('CURLOPT_XFERINFOFUNCTION'), $_SERVER['_curl']);
        }
        self::assertSame([], self::readIdleHandles($factory));
    }

    public function testStaleHandleCleanupDoesNotDropCapturedOptions(): void
    {
        $staleFactory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $stale = $staleFactory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), []);
        $staleFactory->release($stale);

        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), []);

        try {
            self::assertArrayHasKey(\CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, $_SERVER['_curl']);

            // Destroying the stale factory clears the callbacks on its pooled
            // handle. The capture for the newer handle must survive that.
            unset($staleFactory);

            self::assertArrayHasKey(\CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        } finally {
            $factory->release($easy);
        }
    }

    public function testCloseIsIdempotent(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        $factory->close();
        $factory->close();

        self::assertSame([], self::readIdleHandles($factory));
    }

    public function testCreateAfterCloseThrows(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $factory->close();

        $this->expectException(\BadMethodCallException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Cannot use the cURL factory after it has been closed.');

        $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), []);
    }

    public function testReleaseAfterCloseThrows(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), []);

        try {
            $factory->close();

            $this->expectException(\BadMethodCallException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('Cannot use the cURL factory after it has been closed.');

            $factory->release($easy);
        } finally {
            if (isset($easy->handle) && \PHP_VERSION_ID < 80000) {
                \curl_close($easy->handle);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testSendsHeadRequests(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response()]);
        $a = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $response = $a(new Psr7\Request('HEAD', Server::$url), []);
        $response->wait();
        self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOBODY]);
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        $checks = [\CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, \CURLOPT_FILE, \CURLOPT_INFILE];
        foreach ($checks as $check) {
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey($check, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        }
        self::assertEquals('HEAD', Server::received()[0]->getMethod());
    }

    public function testHeadRequestsWithABodyDoNotWaitForAResponseBody(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response(200, ['Content-Length' => '16'], 'Body of response')]);
        $a = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $request = new Psr7\Request('HEAD', Server::$url, ['Content-Length' => '5'], 'hello');
        $response = $a($request, ['timeout' => 5])->wait();
        self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOBODY]);
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_UPLOAD, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        self::assertSame(200, $response->getStatusCode());
        self::assertSame('16', $response->getHeaderLine('Content-Length'));
        self::assertSame('', (string) $response->getBody());
        $received = Server::received()[0];
        self::assertEquals('HEAD', $received->getMethod());
        self::assertFalse($received->hasHeader('Content-Length'));
        self::assertFalse($received->hasHeader('Transfer-Encoding'));
        self::assertSame('', (string) $received->getBody());
    }

    public function testHeadRequestsWithAnUnknownBodySizeUseNobody(): void
    {
        $body = new Psr7\PumpStream(static function () {
            return false;
        });
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = null;

        try {
            $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('HEAD', Server::$url, ['Transfer-Encoding' => 'chunked', 'Expect' => '100-continue'], $body), []);

            self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOBODY]);
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, $_SERVER['_curl']);
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_UPLOAD, $_SERVER['_curl']);
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, $_SERVER['_curl']);
            self::assertNotContains('Transfer-Encoding: chunked', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
            self::assertNotContains('Expect: 100-continue', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
        } finally {
            if ($easy !== null) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testHeadRequestsPreserveZeroContentLength(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response()]);
        $a = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $response = $a(new Psr7\Request('HEAD', Server::$url, ['Content-Length' => '0']), []);
        $response->wait();

        self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOBODY]);
        $received = Server::received()[0];
        self::assertEquals('HEAD', $received->getMethod());
        self::assertSame('0', $received->getHeaderLine('Content-Length'));
        self::assertSame('', (string) $received->getBody());
    }

    public function testHeadRequestsNeverProbeTheBodySize(): void
    {
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('hello'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                throw new \RuntimeException('The body must not be probed for HEAD requests.');
            },
        ]);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = null;

        try {
            $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('HEAD', Server::$url, [], $body), []);

            self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOBODY]);
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        } finally {
            if ($easy !== null) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testCanAddCustomCurlOptions(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response()]);
        $a = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $req = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $a($req, ['curl' => [\CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT => 10]]);
        self::assertEquals(10, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT]);
    }

    public function testAllowsCertinfoCurlOption(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'curl' => [
                \CURLOPT_CERTINFO => true,
            ],
        ]);

        try {
            self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_CERTINFO]);
        } finally {
            $factory->release($easy);
        }
    }

    public function testAllowsPrereqFunctionCurlOption(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_PREREQFUNCTION')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PREREQFUNCTION is not available.');
        }
        if (!\defined('CURL_PREREQFUNC_OK')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURL_PREREQFUNC_OK is not available.');
        }

        $option = (int) \constant('CURLOPT_PREREQFUNCTION');
        $ok = (int) \constant('CURL_PREREQFUNC_OK');
        $callback = static function () use ($ok): int {
            return $ok;
        };

        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'curl' => [
                $option => $callback,
            ],
        ]);

        try {
            self::assertSame($callback, $_SERVER['_curl'][$option]);
        } finally {
            $factory->release($easy);
        }
    }

    public function testPrereqFunctionAbortUsesExistingCurlErrorPath(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_PREREQFUNCTION')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PREREQFUNCTION is not available.');
        }
        if (!\defined('CURL_PREREQFUNC_ABORT')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURL_PREREQFUNC_ABORT is not available.');
        }

        $option = (int) \constant('CURLOPT_PREREQFUNCTION');
        $called = 0;

        Server::flush();

        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler(['handle_factory' => new CurlFactory(1)]);
        $promise = $handler(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'curl' => [
                $option => static function () use (&$called): int {
                    ++$called;

                    return (int) \constant('CURL_PREREQFUNC_ABORT');
                },
            ],
        ]);

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected a RequestException from the aborted prereq callback.');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertStringContainsString('cURL error', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame(1, $called);
        }
    }

    public function testRejectsCurlProxyHeaderEntriesContainingNewlines(): void
    {
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER');

        $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), [
            'curl' => [
                $proxyHeaderOption => ["X-Decoy: v\r\nProxy-Authorization: Basic abc"],
            ],
        ]);
    }

    public function testRejectsCurlHttpHeaderEntriesContainingNewlines(): void
    {
        $conf = [\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => ["X-Decoy: v\r\nProxy-Authorization: Basic abc"]];

        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER');

        self::normalizeCurlHeaderOptions($conf);
    }

    public function testNormalizesStringableCurlHeaderEntriesBeforeProxyTunnelSignature(): void
    {
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();
        $conf = [
            \CURLOPT_PROXY => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            $proxyHeaderOption => [new class {
                public function __toString(): string
                {
                    return 'Proxy-Authorization: Basic abc';
                }
            }],
        ];

        self::normalizeCurlHeaderOptions($conf);

        self::assertSame(['Proxy-Authorization: Basic abc'], $conf[$proxyHeaderOption]);
        $delegated = self::computeProxyTunnelSignature('8.20.0', 'https://example.com', [
            \CURLOPT_PROXY => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
        ]);
        $literalHeader = self::computeProxyTunnelSignature('8.20.0', 'https://example.com', $conf);
        self::assertNotNull($literalHeader);
        self::assertNotSame($delegated, $literalHeader);
    }

    public function testNormalizesStringableCurlHeaderEntries(): void
    {
        $conf = [
            \CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => [
                'literal' => 'Accept: application/json',
                'stringable' => new class {
                    public function __toString(): string
                    {
                        return 'X-Test: value';
                    }
                },
            ],
        ];

        self::normalizeCurlHeaderOptions($conf);

        self::assertSame([
            'literal' => 'Accept: application/json',
            'stringable' => 'X-Test: value',
        ], $conf[\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider invalidCurlHeaderEntryProvider
     *
     * @param mixed $entry
     */
    public function testRejectsInvalidCurlHeaderEntries($entry): void
    {
        $conf = [\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => [$entry]];

        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER entries must be strings or stringable objects.');

        self::normalizeCurlHeaderOptions($conf);
    }

    public static function invalidCurlHeaderEntryProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'int' => [123];
        yield 'float' => [1.5];
        yield 'true' => [true];
        yield 'false' => [false];
        yield 'null' => [null];
        yield 'array' => [[]];
        yield 'non-stringable object' => [new \stdClass()];
        yield 'nan' => [\NAN];
        yield 'inf' => [\INF];
        yield '-inf' => [-\INF];
    }

    public function testRejectsResourceCurlHeaderEntries(): void
    {
        $resource = \fopen(__FILE__, 'r');
        self::assertIsResource($resource);

        try {
            $conf = [\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => [$resource]];

            $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER entries must be strings or stringable objects.');

            self::normalizeCurlHeaderOptions($conf);
        } finally {
            \fclose($resource);
        }
    }

    public function testRejectsStringableCurlHeaderEntriesContainingNewlines(): void
    {
        $conf = [
            \CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => [new class {
                public function __toString(): string
                {
                    return "X-Test: value\r\nInjected: yes";
                }
            }],
        ];

        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER entries must not contain a carriage return or line feed.');

        self::normalizeCurlHeaderOptions($conf);
    }

    public function testRejectsInvalidCurlProxyHeaderEntries(): void
    {
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();
        $conf = [$proxyHeaderOption => [123]];

        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER entries must be strings or stringable objects.');

        self::normalizeCurlHeaderOptions($conf);
    }

    public function testLeavesNormalCurlHeaderEntriesUnchanged(): void
    {
        $conf = [\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => ['Accept: application/json']];

        self::normalizeCurlHeaderOptions($conf);

        self::assertSame(['Accept: application/json'], $conf[\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
    }

    public function testAppliesConfiguredCurlShareHandle(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();
        unset($_SERVER['_curl']);

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::HANDLER_PREFER, $shareHandle);

        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), []);

        try {
            self::assertSame($shareHandle, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SHARE]);
        } finally {
            if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 80000) {
                \curl_close($easy->handle);
                \curl_share_close($shareHandle);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider enabledShareModeProvider
     */
    public function testRejectsRequestLevelShareWhenConfiguredCurlShareHandleExists(string $shareMode): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        $requestShareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        self::assertNotFalse($requestShareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, $shareMode, $shareHandle);

        try {
            $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_SHARE');

            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
                'curl' => [
                    \CURLOPT_SHARE => $requestShareHandle,
                ],
            ]);
        } finally {
            if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 80000) {
                \curl_share_close($shareHandle);
                \curl_share_close($requestShareHandle);
            }
        }
    }

    public static function enabledShareModeProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'handler prefer' => [TransportSharing::HANDLER_PREFER];
        yield 'handler require' => [TransportSharing::HANDLER_REQUIRE];
        yield 'persistent prefer' => [TransportSharing::PERSISTENT_PREFER];
        yield 'persistent require' => [TransportSharing::PERSISTENT_REQUIRE];
    }

    public function testRejectsEnabledShareModeWithoutShareHandle(): void
    {
        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('share handle is required');

        new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::HANDLER_PREFER);
    }

    public function testRejectsShareHandleWhenSharingIsDisabled(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);

        try {
            $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('cannot be provided');

            new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::NONE, $shareHandle);
        } finally {
            if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 80000) {
                \curl_share_close($shareHandle);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testRejectsInvalidShareHandle(): void
    {
        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('cURL share handle');

        new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::HANDLER_PREFER, false);
    }

    public function testRejectsUnsupportedCurlOption(): void
    {
        $option = 999999;

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage((string) $option);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('outside the built-in cURL handlers\' allow-list');

        (new CurlFactory(3))->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'curl' => [
                $option => true,
            ],
        ]);
    }

    public function testRejectsPrereqDataCurlOption(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_PREREQDATA')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PREREQDATA is not available.');
        }

        $option = (int) \constant('CURLOPT_PREREQDATA');

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage((string) $option);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('outside the built-in cURL handlers\' allow-list');

        (new CurlFactory(3))->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'curl' => [
                $option => true,
            ],
        ]);
    }

    public function testPersistentRequireRejectsFreshConnect(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::PERSISTENT_REQUIRE, $shareHandle);

        try {
            $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT');

            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
                'curl' => [
                    \CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT => true,
                ],
            ]);
        } finally {
            self::closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    public function testPersistentRequireRejectsForbidReuse(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::PERSISTENT_REQUIRE, $shareHandle);

        try {
            $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE');

            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
                'curl' => [
                    \CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE => true,
                ],
            ]);
        } finally {
            self::closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    public function testPersistentRequireAllowsExplicitReuseOptionsSetToFalse(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::PERSISTENT_REQUIRE, $shareHandle);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
            'curl' => [
                \CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT => false,
                \CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE => false,
            ],
        ]);

        try {
            self::assertFalse($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT]);
            self::assertFalse($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE]);
        } finally {
            $factory->release($easy);
            self::closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    public function testPersistentRequireRejectsRequestsThatRequireFreshProxyTunnelConnections(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();
        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::PERSISTENT_REQUIRE, $shareHandle);

        try {
            $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('fresh proxy tunnel connection');

            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
                'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
                'curl' => [
                    $proxyHeaderOption => ['Proxy-Authorization: Basic abc'],
                ],
            ]);
        } finally {
            self::closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    public function testPersistentRequireRejectsStringableProxyAuthorizationHeaderThatRequiresFreshProxyTunnelConnection(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();
        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::PERSISTENT_REQUIRE, $shareHandle);

        try {
            $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('fresh proxy tunnel connection');

            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
                'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
                'curl' => [
                    $proxyHeaderOption => [new class {
                        public function __toString(): string
                        {
                            return 'Proxy-Authorization: Basic abc';
                        }
                    }],
                ],
            ]);
        } finally {
            self::closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider parsedProxyCredentialOptions
     */
    public function testPersistentRequireRejectsParsedProxyCredentialsBelowProxyCredentialFloor(string $version, array $options): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::PERSISTENT_REQUIRE, $shareHandle);

        try {
            $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('fresh proxy tunnel connection');

            self::createOnFactory($factory, $version, 'https://example.com', $options);
        } finally {
            self::closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    public function testPersistentRequireAllowsParsedProxyCredentialsAtProxyCredentialFloor(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::PERSISTENT_REQUIRE, $shareHandle);

        try {
            $easy = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.20.0', 'https://example.com', [
                'proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080',
            ]);

            self::assertInstanceOf(EasyHandle::class, $easy);
        } finally {
            self::closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    public function testPersistentPreferForcesFreshAnonymousProxyTunnelsUnderOpaqueShares(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::PERSISTENT_PREFER, $shareHandle);

        try {
            self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.21.0', 'https://example.com', [
                'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            ]);

            self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT]);
            self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE]);
        } finally {
            self::closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    public function testPersistentRequireRejectsAnonymousProxyTunnelsUnderOpaqueShares(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::PERSISTENT_REQUIRE, $shareHandle);

        try {
            $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('fresh proxy tunnel connection');

            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
                'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            ]);
        } finally {
            self::closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    public function testPersistentShareStateIsTreatedAsOpaqueByTheFactory(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();
        if (!\function_exists('curl_share_init_persistent') || !\class_exists('CurlSharePersistentHandle')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('Persistent cURL share handles are unavailable.');
        }

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo(['version' => '8.21.0', 'features' => self::curlSslFeature()]);

        try {
            $state = CurlShareHandleState::fromOption(TransportSharing::PERSISTENT_REQUIRE);
            self::assertNotNull($state);
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3, $state->mode, $state);

            $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('fresh proxy tunnel connection');

            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
                'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            ]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testPersistentPreferFallbackShareStateRemainsTrusted(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo(['version' => '8.21.0', 'features' => self::curlSslFeature()]);
        $_SERVER['curl_share_init_persistent_fail'] = true;

        try {
            $state = CurlShareHandleState::fromOption(TransportSharing::PERSISTENT_PREFER);
            self::assertNotNull($state);
            self::assertSame(TransportSharing::HANDLER_PREFER, $state->mode);
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3, $state->mode, $state);

            self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.21.0', 'https://example.com', [
                'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            ]);

            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT, $_SERVER['_curl']);
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        } finally {
            unset($_SERVER['curl_share_init_persistent_fail']);
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public static function parsedProxyCredentialOptions(): array
    {
        return [
            'proxy url userinfo, connection-sharing floor' => ['8.12.0', ['proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080']],
            'proxy url userinfo, affected curl' => ['8.19.0', ['proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080']],
            'curl proxy credentials, affected curl' => ['8.19.0', ['proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080', 'curl' => [\CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD => 'username:password']]],
        ];
    }

    public function testCloseReleasesConfiguredCurlShareHandle(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::HANDLER_PREFER, $shareHandle);

        self::assertSame($shareHandle, self::readShareHandle($factory));

        $factory->close();

        self::assertNull(self::readShareHandle($factory));
    }

    public function testRejectsConflictingCurlOptions(): void
    {
        $a = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $req = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION');
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('request protocol version');

        $a($req, ['curl' => [\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION => \CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_0]]);
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider additionalConflictingCurlOptionProvider
     *
     * @param mixed $value
     */
    public function testRejectsAdditionalConflictingCurlOptions(string $constant, int $option, $value, string $replacement): void
    {
        try {
            (new CurlFactory(3))->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
                'curl' => [
                    $option => $value,
                ],
            ]);

            self::fail('Expected InvalidArgumentException.');
        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
            self::assertStringContainsString($constant, $e->getMessage());
            self::assertStringContainsString($replacement, $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    public static function additionalConflictingCurlOptionProvider(): array
    {
        $cases = [
            'cookie header' => ['CURLOPT_COOKIE', 'name=value', 'the "Cookie" request header or Guzzle cookie middleware'],
            'pipewait' => ['CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT', true, 'the "multiplex" request option'],
        ];

        $available = [];
        foreach ($cases as $name => $case) {
            [$constant, $value, $replacement] = $case;
            if (\defined($constant)) {
                $available[$name] = [$constant, (int) \constant($constant), $value, $replacement];
            }
        }

        return $available;
    }

    public function testRejectsRequestLevelCurlShareOption(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);

        try {
            $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_SHARE');
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('transport_sharing');

            (new CurlFactory(3))->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
                'curl' => [
                    \CURLOPT_SHARE => $shareHandle,
                ],
            ]);
        } finally {
            if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 80000) {
                \curl_share_close($shareHandle);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider requestTransportSharingOptionProvider
     *
     * @param mixed $transportSharing
     */
    public function testIgnoresRequestLevelTransportSharingOption($transportSharing): void
    {
        unset($_SERVER['_curl']);

        $easy = (new CurlFactory(3))->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'transport_sharing' => $transportSharing,
        ]);

        try {
            if (\defined('CURLOPT_SHARE')) {
                self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_SHARE, $_SERVER['_curl']);
            }
        } finally {
            if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 80000) {
                \curl_close($easy->handle);
            }
        }
    }

    public static function requestTransportSharingOptionProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'null' => [null];
        yield 'none' => [TransportSharing::NONE];
        yield 'handler prefer' => [TransportSharing::HANDLER_PREFER];
        yield 'handler require' => [TransportSharing::HANDLER_REQUIRE];
        yield 'persistent prefer' => [TransportSharing::PERSISTENT_PREFER];
        yield 'persistent require' => [TransportSharing::PERSISTENT_REQUIRE];
        yield 'invalid' => ['invalid'];
    }

    public function testRejectsStreamContextOption(): void
    {
        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('stream_context');

        (new CurlFactory(3))->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'stream_context' => [],
        ]);
    }

    public function testProtocolsOptionCanRestrictCurlProtocols(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), ['protocols' => ['https']]);

        self::assertCurlProtocols(['https']);
    }

    public function testProtocolsOptionFallsBackToCurlProtocolsWhenRuntimeDoesNotSupportProtocolsStr(): void
    {
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.84.0',
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature(),
        ]);

        try {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), ['protocols' => ['https']]);

            self::assertSame(\CURLPROTO_HTTPS, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS]);
            if (\defined('CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS_STR')) {
                self::assertArrayNotHasKey((int) \constant('CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS_STR'), $_SERVER['_curl']);
            }
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testProtocolsOptionUsesProtocolsStrWhenRuntimeSupportsIt(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS_STR')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS_STR is not available.');
        }

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.85.0',
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature(),
        ]);

        try {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), ['protocols' => ['https']]);

            self::assertSame('https', $_SERVER['_curl'][(int) \constant('CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS_STR')]);
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testProtocolsOptionRejectsDisallowedCurlScheme(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('not allowed by the protocols request option');

        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), ['protocols' => ['https']]);
    }

    public function testRejectsUnsupportedScheme(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage("The scheme 'ftp' is not supported.");

        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'ftp://example.com'), []);
    }

    public function testRejectsUnsupportedSchemeBeforeMissingHost(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage("The scheme 'file' is not supported.");

        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'file:///etc/passwd'), []);
    }

    public function testProtocolsOptionRejectsBeforeMissingHost(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('not allowed by the protocols request option');

        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http:/generate_204'), ['protocols' => ['https']]);
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider uriMissingSchemeOrHostProvider
     */
    public function testRejectsRequestUriMissingSchemeOrHost(string $uri): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('URI must include a scheme and host');

        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', $uri), []);
    }

    public static function uriMissingSchemeOrHostProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'relative path' => ['baz'];
        yield 'host-like relative path' => ['gstatic.com/generate_204'];
        yield 'path starting with colon-slash-slash' => ['://gstatic.com/generate_204'];
        yield 'absolute path' => ['/generate_204'];
        yield 'scheme without host' => ['https:/generate_204'];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider invalidProtocolsProvider
     *
     * @param mixed $protocols
     */
    public function testProtocolsOptionRejectsInvalidValues($protocols): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('protocols');

        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), ['protocols' => $protocols]);
    }

    public static function invalidProtocolsProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            'empty' => [[]],
            'non-array' => ['https'],
            'non-string' => [[123]],
            'unsupported' => [['ftp']],
        ];
    }

    public function testThrowsWhenCurlOptionCannotBeApplied(): void
    {
        $_SERVER['curl_setopt_fail'] = \CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT;
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        try {
            $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('Unable to set cURL option CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT');

            $f->create(
                new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url),
                ['curl' => [\CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT => 10]]
            );
        } finally {
            unset($_SERVER['curl_setopt_fail']);
        }
    }

    public function testThrowsWhenCurlOptionNameIsInvalid(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Invalid cURL option "not-a-curl-option".');

        $f->create(
            new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url),
            ['curl' => ['not-a-curl-option' => true]]
        );
    }

    public function testRejectsNonCallableOnStats(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('on_stats must be callable');

        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), ['on_stats' => false]);
    }

    public function testValidatesVerify(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('SSL CA bundle not found: /does/not/exist');
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['verify' => '/does/not/exist']);
    }

    public function testCanSetVerifyToFile(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://foo.com'), ['verify' => __FILE__]);
        self::assertEquals(__FILE__, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_CAINFO]);
        self::assertEquals(2, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST]);
        self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER]);
    }

    public function testCanSetVerifyToDir(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://foo.com'), ['verify' => __DIR__]);
        self::assertEquals(__DIR__, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_CAPATH]);
        self::assertEquals(2, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST]);
        self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER]);
    }

    public function testAddsVerifyAsTrue(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['verify' => true]);
        self::assertEquals(2, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST]);
        self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER]);
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_CAINFO, $_SERVER['_curl']);
    }

    public function testCanDisableVerify(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['verify' => false]);
        self::assertEquals(0, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST]);
        self::assertFalse($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER]);
    }

    public function testAddsProxy(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['proxy' => 'http://bar.com']);
        self::assertEquals('http://bar.com', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
        self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
    }

    public function testAddsViaScheme(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'proxy' => ['http' => 'http://bar.com', 'https' => 'https://t'],
        ]);
        self::assertEquals('http://bar.com', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
        self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://test.test.com', ['test.test.com'], false);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://example.com', ['EXAMPLE.com'], false);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://foo.example.com', ['EXAMPLE.com'], false);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://test.test.com', ['.test.com'], false);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://test.test.com', 'test.test.com,example.com', false);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://example.com', ' EXAMPLE.com , other.com ', false);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://test.test.com', '.example.com,example.org', true);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://test.test.com', [], true);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://test.test.com', '', true);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://test.test.com', ['test.test.com:80'], false);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('https://test.test.com', ['test.test.com:443'], false);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://test.test.com:8080', ['test.test.com:8080'], false);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://test.test.com:8081', ['test.test.com:8080'], true);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://foo.test.com:8080', ['.test.com:8080'], false);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://test.com:8080', ['.test.com:8080'], false);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://[::1]:8080', ['[::1]:8080'], false);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://[::1]:8081', ['[::1]:8080'], true);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://[0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1]', ['::1'], false);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://[::1]:8081', ['[0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1]:8080'], true);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://test.test.com', ['*.test.com'], true);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://test.example.com', ['*.example.com'], true);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://test.test.com', ['*'], false);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://example.com', ['*:80'], false);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('https://example.com', ['*:80'], true);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://127.0.0.1', ['127.0.0.*'], true);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://192.168.1.10', ['192.168.0.0/16'], false);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://192.169.1.10', ['192.168.0.0/16'], true);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://[fd00::1]', ['fd00::/8'], false);
        $this->checkNoProxyForHost('http://[fe80::1]', ['fd00::/8'], true);
    }

    public function testPinsProxyOptionsWhenNoProxyIsConfigured(): void
    {
        self::withProxyEnvironment([], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), []);

            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        });
    }

    public function testResolvesLowercaseProxyEnvironmentVariable(): void
    {
        self::withProxyEnvironment(['http_proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8125'], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $easy = $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), []);

            self::assertSame('http://proxy.example.com:8125', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
            self::assertSame('http://proxy.example.com:8125', $easy->effectiveProxy);
        });
    }

    public function testResolvesUppercaseHttpsProxyEnvironmentVariable(): void
    {
        self::withProxyEnvironment(['HTTPS_PROXY' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8125'], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), []);

            self::assertSame('http://proxy.example.com:8125', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        });
    }

    public function testLowercaseProxyEnvironmentVariableTakesPrecedence(): void
    {
        self::skipIfWindows();

        self::withProxyEnvironment([
            'https_proxy' => 'http://lower.example.com:8125',
            'HTTPS_PROXY' => 'http://upper.example.com:8125',
        ], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), []);

            self::assertSame('http://lower.example.com:8125', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        });
    }

    public function testNeverReadsUppercaseHttpProxyEnvironmentVariable(): void
    {
        self::skipIfWindows();

        self::withProxyEnvironment(['HTTP_PROXY' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8125'], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), []);

            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        });
    }

    public function testResolvesAllProxyEnvironmentVariableForAnyScheme(): void
    {
        self::withProxyEnvironment(['ALL_PROXY' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8125'], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), []);
            self::assertSame('http://proxy.example.com:8125', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);

            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), []);
            self::assertSame('http://proxy.example.com:8125', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        });
    }

    public function testTreatsEmptyProxyEnvironmentVariableAsUnset(): void
    {
        self::withProxyEnvironment([
            'https_proxy' => '',
            'ALL_PROXY' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8125',
        ], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), []);

            self::assertSame('http://proxy.example.com:8125', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        });
    }

    public function testMatchesEnvironmentNoProxyAgainstTheRequest(): void
    {
        self::withProxyEnvironment([
            'https_proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8125',
            'NO_PROXY' => '10.0.0.0/8,example.com, .internal',
        ], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);

            $easy = $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), []);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('*', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
            self::assertNull($easy->effectiveProxy);

            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://10.1.2.3'), []);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('*', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);

            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://foo.com'), []);
            self::assertSame('http://proxy.example.com:8125', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        });
    }

    public function testTokenizesEnvironmentNoProxyLikeLibcurl(): void
    {
        self::withProxyEnvironment([
            'https_proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8125',
            'NO_PROXY' => '.internal.test host1.test host2.test',
        ], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);

            // A leading dot is ignored, so the root domain is bypassed too.
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://internal.test'), []);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('*', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);

            // Blanks separate entries just like commas.
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://host2.test'), []);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('*', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);

            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://other.test'), []);
            self::assertSame('http://proxy.example.com:8125', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        });
    }

    public function testMultiDotEnvironmentNoProxyEntriesAreInert(): void
    {
        self::withProxyEnvironment([
            'https_proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8125',
            'NO_PROXY' => '..internal.test',
        ], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);

            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://internal.test'), []);
            self::assertSame('http://proxy.example.com:8125', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);

            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://foo.internal.test'), []);
            self::assertSame('http://proxy.example.com:8125', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        });
    }

    public function testLowercaseNoProxyEnvironmentVariableTakesPrecedence(): void
    {
        self::skipIfWindows();

        self::withProxyEnvironment([
            'https_proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8125',
            'no_proxy' => 'lower.example.com',
            'NO_PROXY' => 'upper.example.com',
        ], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);

            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://lower.example.com'), []);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('*', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);

            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://upper.example.com'), []);
            self::assertSame('http://proxy.example.com:8125', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        });
    }

    public function testProxyOptionDisablesEnvironmentProxyResolution(): void
    {
        self::withProxyEnvironment([
            'https_proxy' => 'http://env.example.com:8125',
            'NO_PROXY' => 'example.com',
        ], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
                'proxy' => 'http://option.example.com:8125',
            ]);

            self::assertSame('http://option.example.com:8125', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        });
    }

    public function testProxyOptionEmptyStringDisablesEnvironmentProxyResolution(): void
    {
        self::withProxyEnvironment(['https_proxy' => 'http://env.example.com:8125'], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
                'proxy' => '',
            ]);

            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        });
    }

    public function testNoProxyMatchIsNotReProxiedFromEnvironment(): void
    {
        self::withProxyEnvironment(['http_proxy' => 'http://env.example.com:8125'], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://internal.example.com'), [
                'proxy' => [
                    'http' => 'http://option.example.com:8125',
                    'no' => ['internal.example.com'],
                ],
            ]);

            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('*', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        });
    }

    public function testFallsBackToEnvironmentWhenSchemeIsNotConfigured(): void
    {
        self::withProxyEnvironment(['https_proxy' => 'http://env.example.com:8125'], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
                'proxy' => ['http' => 'http://option.example.com:8125'],
            ]);

            self::assertSame('http://env.example.com:8125', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        });
    }

    public function testNoListWithoutSchemeKeyBeatsEnvironmentProxy(): void
    {
        self::withProxyEnvironment(['https_proxy' => 'http://env.example.com:8125'], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);

            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://internal.example.com'), [
                'proxy' => ['no' => ['internal.example.com']],
            ]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('*', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);

            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
                'proxy' => ['no' => ['internal.example.com']],
            ]);
            self::assertSame('http://env.example.com:8125', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        });
    }

    public function testClientMappedUppercaseNoProxyBeatsLowercaseEnvironmentProxy(): void
    {
        self::skipIfWindows();

        unset($_SERVER['HTTP_PROXY'], $_SERVER['HTTPS_PROXY'], $_SERVER['NO_PROXY']);

        self::withProxyEnvironment([
            'https_proxy' => 'http://env.example.com:8125',
            'NO_PROXY' => '.example.com internal.test other.test',
        ], static function (): void {
            // The Client maps uppercase NO_PROXY into the option's "no" list
            // without a scheme key; the lowercase proxy variable is visible
            // only to the handler-level environment fallback.
            $proxy = (new Client())->getConfig()['proxy'];
            self::assertSame(['no' => ['.example.com', 'internal.test', 'other.test']], $proxy);

            $f = new CurlFactory(3);

            foreach (['example.com', 'foo.example.com', 'internal.test', 'other.test'] as $host) {
                $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://'.$host), ['proxy' => $proxy]);
                self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
                self::assertSame('*', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
            }

            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://unrelated.test'), ['proxy' => $proxy]);
            self::assertSame('http://env.example.com:8125', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        });
    }

    public static function unsupportedHttpsProxyCurlVersionProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            ['7.34.0'],
            ['7.50.0'],
            ['7.51.0'],
            ['7.52.0'],
            ['7.53.1'],
            ['7.61.0'],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider unsupportedHttpsProxyCurlVersionProvider
     */
    public function testRejectsHttpsProxyWhenLibcurlLacksSupport(string $version): void
    {
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo(['version' => $version, 'features' => self::curlSslFeature()]);

        try {
            $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('HTTPS proxies are not supported by the installed libcurl; libcurl 7.54.0 or newer built with HTTPS-proxy support is required.');

            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
                'proxy' => 'https://proxy.example.com:3128',
            ]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public static function rejectedHttpsProxyOptionProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            ['HTTPS://proxy.example.com:3128'],
            [['https' => 'https://proxy.example.com:3128']],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider rejectedHttpsProxyOptionProvider
     *
     * @param string|array $proxy
     */
    public function testRejectsHttpsProxyFormsWhenLibcurlLacksSupport($proxy): void
    {
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo(['version' => '7.50.0', 'features' => self::curlSslFeature()]);

        try {
            $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('HTTPS proxies are not supported by the installed libcurl');

            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), ['proxy' => $proxy]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public static function rejectedHttpsProxyEnvironmentProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            [['https_proxy' => 'https://proxy.example.com:3128']],
            [['HTTPS_PROXY' => 'https://proxy.example.com:3128']],
            [['all_proxy' => 'https://proxy.example.com:3128']],
            [['ALL_PROXY' => 'https://proxy.example.com:3128']],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider rejectedHttpsProxyEnvironmentProvider
     */
    public function testRejectsEnvironmentHttpsProxyWhenLibcurlLacksSupport(array $env): void
    {
        $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('HTTPS proxies are not supported by the installed libcurl');

        self::withProxyEnvironment($env, static function (): void {
            $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo(['version' => '7.50.0', 'features' => self::curlSslFeature()]);

            try {
                $f = new CurlFactory(3);
                $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), []);
            } finally {
                self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
            }
        });
    }

    public static function unaffectedProxyOptionProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            ['http://proxy.example.com:3128'],
            ['127.0.0.1:8125'],
            ['socks5://proxy.example.com:1080'],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider unaffectedProxyOptionProvider
     */
    public function testDoesNotRejectNonHttpsProxiesOnOldLibcurl(string $proxy): void
    {
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo(['version' => '7.50.0', 'features' => self::curlSslFeature()]);

        try {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            // An http target does not CONNECT, so only the HTTPS-proxy floor
            // is in play, not the libcurl 7.54 tunneling requirement.
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), ['proxy' => $proxy]);

            self::assertSame($proxy, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public static function rejectedCurlProxySchemeProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            ['ftp://proxy.example.com:21'],
            ['gopher://proxy.example.com:70'],
            ['ws://proxy.example.com:80'],
            ['tcp://proxy.example.com:8125'],
            ['ssl://proxy.example.com:8125'],
            ['tls://proxy.example.com:8125'],
            ['socks6://proxy.example.com:1080'],
            ['htps://proxy.example.com:3128'],
            [['https' => 'ftp://proxy.example.com:21']],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider rejectedCurlProxySchemeProvider
     *
     * @param string|array $proxy
     */
    public function testRejectsUnsupportedCurlProxySchemes($proxy): void
    {
        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('proxy scheme is not supported by the cURL handler');

        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), ['proxy' => $proxy]);
    }

    public function testRejectsEnvironmentUnsupportedCurlProxyScheme(): void
    {
        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('proxy scheme is not supported by the cURL handler');

        self::withProxyEnvironment(['https_proxy' => 'ftp://proxy.example.com:21'], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), []);
        });
    }

    public function testAllowsHttpsProxyWhenLibcurlSupportsIt(): void
    {
        $httpsProxyFeature = \defined('CURL_VERSION_HTTPS_PROXY') ? \CURL_VERSION_HTTPS_PROXY : (1 << 21);
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo(['version' => '7.54.0', 'features' => self::curlSslFeature() | $httpsProxyFeature]);

        try {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            // An http target does not CONNECT, so this pins the 7.54.0
            // HTTPS-proxy floor positively, independent of the tunneling gate.
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), [
                'proxy' => 'https://proxy.example.com:3128',
            ]);

            self::assertSame('https://proxy.example.com:3128', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testRejectsHttpsProxyBelowLibcurl754EvenWithFeature(): void
    {
        $httpsProxyFeature = \defined('CURL_VERSION_HTTPS_PROXY') ? \CURL_VERSION_HTTPS_PROXY : (1 << 21);
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo(['version' => '7.53.1', 'features' => self::curlSslFeature() | $httpsProxyFeature]);

        try {
            $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('libcurl 7.54.0 or newer built with HTTPS-proxy support is required');

            // The 7.52.0-7.53.1 HTTPS-proxy TLS code carried verification
            // flaws (CVE-2017-2629, CVE-2017-7468), so the feature bit alone
            // is not enough below 7.54.0.
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), [
                'proxy' => 'https://proxy.example.com:3128',
            ]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testDoesNotRejectBypassedHttpsProxyOnOldLibcurl(): void
    {
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo(['version' => '7.50.0', 'features' => self::curlSslFeature()]);

        try {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
                'proxy' => [
                    'https' => 'https://proxy.example.com:3128',
                    'no' => ['example.com'],
                ],
            ]);

            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('*', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testDoesNotRejectBypassedEnvironmentHttpsProxyOnOldLibcurl(): void
    {
        self::withProxyEnvironment([
            'https_proxy' => 'https://proxy.example.com:3128',
            'NO_PROXY' => 'example.com',
        ], static function (): void {
            $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo(['version' => '7.50.0', 'features' => self::curlSslFeature()]);

            try {
                $f = new CurlFactory(3);
                $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), []);

                self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
                self::assertSame('*', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
            } finally {
                self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
            }
        });
    }

    public function testSectionsEnvironmentCredentialedProxyOnAffectedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        self::withProxyEnvironment(['https_proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080'], static function (): void {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
            $easy = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.19.0', 'https://example.com', []);

            self::assertNotNull($easy->proxyTunnelSignature);
        });
    }

    public function testDelegatesEnvironmentCredentialedProxyOnFixedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        self::withProxyEnvironment(['https_proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080'], static function (): void {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
            $easy = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.20.0', 'https://example.com', []);

            self::assertNotNull($easy->proxyTunnelSignature);
        });
    }

    public function testRejectingUnsupportedProxySchemeDoesNotLeakCredentials(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        try {
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
                'proxy' => 'foo://user:secret@127.0.0.1:1',
            ]);
            self::fail('Expected an InvalidArgumentException');
        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
            self::assertStringNotContainsString('secret', $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    public function testRejectsMalformedProxyUrlWithoutLeakingCredentials(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        try {
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
                'proxy' => 'http://user:secret@127.0.0.1:99999999',
            ]);
            self::fail('Expected an InvalidArgumentException');
        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
            self::assertStringNotContainsString('secret', $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    public function testRejectsMalformedEnvironmentProxyUrlWithoutLeakingCredentials(): void
    {
        self::withProxyEnvironment(['http_proxy' => 'http://user:secret@127.0.0.1:99999999'], static function (): void {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);

            try {
                $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), []);
                self::fail('Expected an InvalidArgumentException');
            } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
                self::assertStringNotContainsString('secret', $e->getMessage());
            }
        });
    }

    public static function malformedProxyUrlProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            ['http://exa mple.com:3128'],          // space in host
            ['http://127.0.0.1:99999999'],         // port out of range
            ['127.0.0.1:99999999'],                // scheme-less, port out of range
            ["\u{00A0}https://proxy.example.com:3128"], // leading junk before the scheme
            [' https://proxy.example.com:3128'],   // leading space before the scheme
            [' 127.0.0.1:8125'],                   // leading space, scheme-less
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider malformedProxyUrlProvider
     */
    public function testRejectsMalformedProxyUrls(string $proxy): void
    {
        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Invalid proxy URL');

        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), ['proxy' => $proxy]);
    }

    public function testAcceptsSchemeLessProxyWithCredentials(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
            'proxy' => 'user:pass@127.0.0.1:8125',
        ]);

        self::assertSame('user:pass@127.0.0.1:8125', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
    }

    public function testRedactsParseableProxyCredentialsIndependentlyOfCurlErrorText(): void
    {
        $proxy = 'http://user:secret@proxy.example.com:8125';

        $redacted = self::redactProxyUserInfo('Failed to connect via '.$proxy, $proxy);

        self::assertStringNotContainsString('secret', $redacted);
        self::assertSame('Failed to connect via http://***@proxy.example.com:8125', $redacted);
    }

    public function testRedactsProxyCredentialsContainingRawControlBytes(): void
    {
        $proxy = "http://user:se\x01cr\x7Fet@proxy.example.com:8125";

        $redacted = self::redactProxyUserInfo('Failed to connect via '.$proxy, $proxy);

        self::assertStringNotContainsString("se\x01cr\x7Fet", $redacted);
        self::assertSame('Failed to connect via http://***@proxy.example.com:8125', $redacted);
    }

    public function testEscapesCurlErrorsAfterRedactionWithoutChangingTimeoutClassification(): void
    {
        $proxy = "http://user:se\x01cr\x7Fet@proxy.example.com:8125";
        $easy = new EasyHandle();
        $easy->request = new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com');
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEOUTED;
        $easy->effectiveProxy = $proxy;
        $promise = $this->createCurlRejection($easy, [
            'errno' => \CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEOUTED,
            'error' => "Connection timeout via {$proxy}: transport \x1B\xFF",
        ]);

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected ConnectTimeoutException');
        } catch (ConnectTimeoutException $e) {
            self::assertSame('cURL error 28: Connection timeout via http://***@proxy.example.com:8125: transport \\x1B\\xFF (see https://curl.se/libcurl/c/libcurl-errors.html) for http://example.com', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertStringNotContainsString('se\\x01cr\\x7Fet', $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    public function testRedactsUnparsableProxyCredentialsIndependentlyOfCurlErrorText(): void
    {
        $proxy = 'http://user:secret@127.0.0.1:99999999';

        $redacted = self::redactProxyUserInfo("Unsupported proxy syntax in '".$proxy."'", $proxy);

        self::assertStringNotContainsString('secret', $redacted);
        self::assertSame("Unsupported proxy syntax in 'http://***@127.0.0.1:99999999'", $redacted);
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider proxyCredentialSeparatorProvider
     */
    public function testRedactsProxyCredentialsContainingRawSeparators(string $proxy): void
    {
        $redacted = self::redactProxyUserInfo("Unsupported proxy syntax in '".$proxy."'", $proxy);

        self::assertStringNotContainsString('cret', $redacted);
        self::assertSame("Unsupported proxy syntax in 'http://***@proxy.example.com:8125'", $redacted);
    }

    public static function proxyCredentialSeparatorProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'slash in password' => ['http://user:se/cret@proxy.example.com:8125'];
        yield 'question mark in password' => ['http://user:se?cret@proxy.example.com:8125'];
        yield 'hash in password' => ['http://user:se#cret@proxy.example.com:8125'];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider proxyMultiAtSeparatorProvider
     */
    public function testRedactsUnparsableProxyCredentialsContainingMultipleAtSigns(string $proxy): void
    {
        $redacted = self::redactProxyUserInfo("Unsupported proxy syntax in '".$proxy."'", $proxy);

        self::assertStringNotContainsString('old', $redacted);
        self::assertStringNotContainsString('cret', $redacted);
        self::assertSame("Unsupported proxy syntax in 'http://***@real.example'", $redacted);
    }

    public static function proxyMultiAtSeparatorProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'slash between at signs' => ['http://user:old@proxy.example.com:99999999/se:cret@real.example'];
        yield 'question mark between at signs' => ['http://user:old@proxy.example.com:99999999?se:cret@real.example'];
        yield 'hash between at signs' => ['http://user:old@proxy.example.com:99999999#se:cret@real.example'];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider proxyParseableAtProvider
     */
    public function testLeavesCurlErrorsUntouchedForParseableProxiesWithAtPastTheAuthority(string $proxy): void
    {
        $error = "Failed to connect via '".$proxy."'";

        self::assertSame($error, self::redactProxyUserInfo($error, $proxy));
    }

    public static function proxyParseableAtProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'at sign in path' => ['http://proxy.example.com:8125/health@check'];
        yield 'at sign in query' => ['http://proxy.example.com:8125?q=user@example.com'];
        yield 'at sign in fragment' => ['http://proxy.example.com:8125#frag@ment'];
    }

    public function testLeavesCurlErrorsUntouchedForProxiesWithoutCredentials(): void
    {
        $error = 'Failed to connect to proxy.example.com:8125';

        self::assertSame($error, self::redactProxyUserInfo($error, 'http://proxy.example.com:8125'));
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider proxyTunnelSectionProvider
     */
    public function testComputesProxyTunnelSignatureByChannel(string $version, string $uri, array $options, bool $sectioned): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = self::createOnFactory($factory, $version, $uri, $options);

        self::assertSame($sectioned, $easy->proxyTunnelSignature !== null);
        // The sectioned path never sets FRESH_CONNECT/FORBID_REUSE on a single
        // create; isolation is achieved by pool ownership, not per-handle.
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE, $_SERVER['_curl']);
    }

    public static function proxyTunnelSectionProvider(): array
    {
        $cases = [
            'auth https proxy, affected curl' => ['8.19.0', 'https://example.com', ['proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080'], true],
            'auth https proxy, fixed curl' => ['8.20.0', 'https://example.com', ['proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080'], true],
            'curl proxy credentials, affected curl' => ['8.19.0', 'https://example.com', ['proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080', 'curl' => [\CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD => 'username:password']], true],
            'curl proxy credentials, fixed curl' => ['8.20.0', 'https://example.com', ['proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080', 'curl' => [\CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD => 'username:password']], true],
            'anonymous tunnel, affected curl' => ['8.19.0', 'https://example.com', ['proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080'], true],
            'anonymous tunnel, fixed curl' => ['8.20.0', 'https://example.com', ['proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080'], true],
            'plain http proxy request' => ['8.19.0', 'http://example.com', ['proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080'], false],
            'socks proxy' => ['8.19.0', 'https://example.com', ['proxy' => 'socks5://username:password@proxy.example.com:1080'], false],
            'auth socks proxy, affected curl' => ['7.68.0', 'https://example.com', ['proxy' => 'socks5://username:password@proxy.example.com:1080'], true],
            'auth socks proxy, fixed curl' => ['7.69.0', 'https://example.com', ['proxy' => 'socks5://username:password@proxy.example.com:1080'], false],
            'anonymous socks proxy, affected curl' => ['7.68.0', 'https://example.com', ['proxy' => 'socks5://proxy.example.com:1080'], true],
            'http target socks proxy, affected curl' => ['7.68.0', 'http://example.com', ['proxy' => 'socks5://username:password@proxy.example.com:1080'], true],
            'auth socks4a proxy, affected curl' => ['7.68.0', 'https://example.com', ['proxy' => 'socks4a://username:password@proxy.example.com:1080'], true],
            'auth socks5h proxy, affected curl' => ['7.68.0', 'https://example.com', ['proxy' => 'socks5h://username:password@proxy.example.com:1080'], true],
            'socks4 proxy, affected curl' => ['7.68.0', 'https://example.com', ['proxy' => 'socks4://proxy.example.com:1080'], true],
            'no-proxy match' => ['8.19.0', 'https://example.com', ['proxy' => ['https' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080', 'no' => ['example.com']]], false],
        ];

        // CONNECT_TO makes an HTTP proxy tunnel even an http:// target, so it
        // must section like any other authenticated tunnel.
        if (\defined('CURLOPT_CONNECT_TO')) {
            $connectTo = (int) \constant('CURLOPT_CONNECT_TO');
            $entry = ['example.com:80:backend.example.com:80'];
            $cases += [
                'connect-to http tunnel, auth proxy url, affected curl' => ['8.19.0', 'http://example.com', ['proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080', 'curl' => [$connectTo => $entry]], true],
                'connect-to http tunnel, curl credentials, affected curl' => ['8.19.0', 'http://example.com', ['proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080', 'curl' => [$connectTo => $entry, \CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD => 'username:password']], true],
                'connect-to http tunnel, anonymous, affected curl' => ['8.19.0', 'http://example.com', ['proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080', 'curl' => [$connectTo => $entry]], true],
                'connect-to http tunnel, fixed curl' => ['8.20.0', 'http://example.com', ['proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080', 'curl' => [$connectTo => $entry]], true],
                'connect-to socks proxy stays out' => ['8.19.0', 'http://example.com', ['proxy' => 'socks5://username:password@proxy.example.com:1080', 'curl' => [$connectTo => $entry]], false],
            ];
        }

        return $cases;
    }

    public function testSocksProxyCredentialsChangeSocksProxySignatureOnAffectedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $userOne = self::createOnFactory($factory, '7.68.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'socks5://username:one@proxy.example.com:1080',
        ])->proxyTunnelSignature;
        $userTwo = self::createOnFactory($factory, '7.68.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'socks5://username:two@proxy.example.com:1080',
        ])->proxyTunnelSignature;
        $anonymous = self::createOnFactory($factory, '7.68.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'socks5://proxy.example.com:1080',
        ])->proxyTunnelSignature;
        $stable = self::createOnFactory($factory, '7.68.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'socks5://username:one@proxy.example.com:1080',
        ])->proxyTunnelSignature;

        self::assertNotNull($userOne);
        self::assertNotNull($userTwo);
        self::assertNotNull($anonymous);
        self::assertNotSame($userOne, $userTwo);
        self::assertNotSame($userOne, $anonymous);
        self::assertSame($userOne, $stable);
    }

    public function testCurlSocksProxyCredentialsChangeSocksProxySignatureOnAffectedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $anonymous = self::createOnFactory($factory, '7.68.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'socks5://proxy.example.com:1080',
        ])->proxyTunnelSignature;
        $credentialed = self::createOnFactory($factory, '7.68.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'socks5://proxy.example.com:1080',
            'curl' => [\CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD => 'username:password'],
        ])->proxyTunnelSignature;

        self::assertNotNull($credentialed);
        self::assertNotSame($anonymous, $credentialed);
    }

    public function testStringableProxyCredentialIsNormalizedOnceBeforeSignatureComputation(): void
    {
        MutableStringableCredential::$value = 'username:one';
        MutableStringableCredential::$calls = 0;

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            'curl' => [\CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD => new MutableStringableCredential()],
        ]);

        self::assertSame('username:one', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD], 'ext-curl must receive the normalized string, not the Stringable object.');
        self::assertSame(1, MutableStringableCredential::$calls, 'The Stringable credential must be cast exactly once, before signature computation.');
        self::assertNotNull($easy->proxyTunnelSignature);
    }

    public function testStringableProxyCredentialValueChangesProxyTunnelSignatureOnAffectedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        MutableStringableCredential::$value = 'username:one';
        $one = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            'curl' => [\CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD => new MutableStringableCredential()],
        ])->proxyTunnelSignature;

        MutableStringableCredential::$value = 'username:two';
        $two = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            'curl' => [\CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD => new MutableStringableCredential()],
        ])->proxyTunnelSignature;

        MutableStringableCredential::$value = 'username:one';
        $stable = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            'curl' => [\CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD => new MutableStringableCredential()],
        ])->proxyTunnelSignature;

        self::assertNotNull($one);
        self::assertNotNull($two);
        self::assertNotSame($one, $two, 'Different effective credentials must land in different sections.');
        self::assertSame($one, $stable, 'Equal effective credentials must share a section.');
    }

    public function testStringableSocksProxyCredentialValueChangesSocksSignatureOnAffectedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        MutableStringableCredential::$value = 'username:one';
        $one = self::createOnFactory($factory, '7.68.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'socks5://proxy.example.com:1080',
            'curl' => [\CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD => new MutableStringableCredential()],
        ])->proxyTunnelSignature;

        MutableStringableCredential::$value = 'username:two';
        $two = self::createOnFactory($factory, '7.68.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'socks5://proxy.example.com:1080',
            'curl' => [\CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD => new MutableStringableCredential()],
        ])->proxyTunnelSignature;

        self::assertNotNull($one);
        self::assertNotNull($two);
        self::assertNotSame($one, $two, 'Different effective SOCKS credentials must land in different sections.');
    }

    public function testThrowingStringableProxyCredentialIsWrappedLikeOptionApplication(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        try {
            self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
                'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
                'curl' => [\CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD => new ThrowingStringableCredential()],
            ]);
            self::fail('Expected InvalidArgumentException.');
        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
            self::assertStringContainsString('Unable to set cURL option CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertStringContainsString('credential unavailable', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertInstanceOf(\RuntimeException::class, $e->getPrevious());
        }
    }

    public function testSchemelessSocksProxySectionsByProxyTypeOnAffectedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo(['version' => '7.68.0', 'features' => self::curlSslFeature()]);

        try {
            $method = new \ReflectionMethod(CurlFactory::class, 'proxyTunnelSignature');
            if (\PHP_VERSION_ID < 80100) {
                $method->setAccessible(true);
            }

            self::assertNotNull($method->invoke(null, new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
                \CURLOPT_PROXY => 'proxy.example.com:1080',
                \CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE => \CURLPROXY_SOCKS5,
            ]));
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testHttpSchemeSocksProxyTypeSectionsAsSocksOnAffectedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo(['version' => '7.68.0', 'features' => self::curlSslFeature()]);

        try {
            $method = new \ReflectionMethod(CurlFactory::class, 'proxyTunnelSignature');
            if (\PHP_VERSION_ID < 80100) {
                $method->setAccessible(true);
            }

            self::assertNotNull($method->invoke(null, new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), [
                \CURLOPT_PROXY => 'http://proxy.example.com:1080',
                \CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE => \CURLPROXY_SOCKS5,
            ]));
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testRejectsRawCurlProxyUrl(): void
    {
        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_PROXY');

        (new CurlFactory(3))->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
            'curl' => [
                \CURLOPT_PROXY => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080',
            ],
        ]);
    }

    public function testRejectsRawCurlProxyUrlWithCredentials(): void
    {
        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_PROXY');

        (new CurlFactory(3))->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
            'curl' => [
                \CURLOPT_PROXY => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
                \CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD => 'username:password',
            ],
        ]);
    }

    public function testSectionsAuthenticatedHttpProxyTunnelOnAffectedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL is not available.');
        }

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.19.0', 'http://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080',
            'curl' => [
                \CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL => true,
            ],
        ]);

        self::assertNotNull($easy->proxyTunnelSignature);
    }

    public function testSectionsProxyAuthorizationHeaderEvenOnFixedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.20.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            'curl' => [
                $proxyHeaderOption => ['Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ='],
            ],
        ]);

        // libcurl cannot key connection reuse on a literal Proxy-Authorization
        // header, so Guzzle sections it even on the fast-path version.
        self::assertNotNull($easy->proxyTunnelSignature);
    }

    public function testSectionsConnectToProxyAuthorizationHeaderEvenOnFixedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_CONNECT_TO')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_CONNECT_TO is not available.');
        }

        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.20.0', 'http://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            'curl' => [
                (int) \constant('CURLOPT_CONNECT_TO') => ['example.com:80:backend.example.com:80'],
                $proxyHeaderOption => ['Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ='],
            ],
        ]);

        // CONNECT_TO tunnels the http:// request, and libcurl cannot key reuse
        // on a literal Proxy-Authorization header, so it sections even on fixed
        // libcurl.
        self::assertNotNull($easy->proxyTunnelSignature);
    }

    public function testUnrelatedProxyHeaderUsesDelegatedOwnerOnFixedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $delegatedBaseline = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.20.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
        ])->proxyTunnelSignature;
        $easy = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.20.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            'curl' => [
                $proxyHeaderOption => ['X-Proxy-Header: value'],
            ],
        ]);

        self::assertNotNull($easy->proxyTunnelSignature);
        self::assertSame($delegatedBaseline, $easy->proxyTunnelSignature);
    }

    public function testEmptyProxyAuthorizationHeaderUsesDelegatedOwnerOnFixedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $delegatedBaseline = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.20.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
        ])->proxyTunnelSignature;
        $easy = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.20.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            'curl' => [
                $proxyHeaderOption => ['Proxy-Authorization:'],
            ],
        ]);

        self::assertNotNull($easy->proxyTunnelSignature);
        self::assertSame($delegatedBaseline, $easy->proxyTunnelSignature);
    }

    public function testDelegatedProxyTunnelOwnerIsDistinctFromLiteralProxyAuthorizationOwner(): void
    {
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $delegated = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.20.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080',
        ])->proxyTunnelSignature;
        $anonymousDelegated = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.20.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
        ])->proxyTunnelSignature;
        $literalHeader = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.20.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            'curl' => [
                $proxyHeaderOption => ['Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ='],
            ],
        ])->proxyTunnelSignature;

        self::assertNotNull($delegated);
        self::assertSame($delegated, $anonymousDelegated);
        self::assertNotSame($delegated, $literalHeader);
    }

    public function testManagedProxyAuthorizationUsesProxyOnlyChannelForHttpProxy(): void
    {
        self::requireProxyHeaderSeparationConstants();
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        self::createRequestOnFactory(
            $factory,
            '7.37.0',
            new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com', ['Proxy-Authorization' => 'Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=']),
            ['proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080']
        );

        self::assertNotContains('Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
        self::assertContains('Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=', $_SERVER['_curl'][$proxyHeaderOption]);
        self::assertSame((int) \constant('CURLHEADER_SEPARATE'), $_SERVER['_curl'][(int) \constant('CURLOPT_HEADEROPT')]);
    }

    public static function managedProxyAuthorizationRouteProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            'direct' => [[], ['proxy' => '']],
            'managed no bypass' => [[], ['proxy' => ['http' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080', 'no' => ['example.com']]]],
            'environment NO_PROXY bypass' => [['http_proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080', 'NO_PROXY' => 'example.com'], []],
            'socks proxy' => [[], ['proxy' => 'socks5://proxy.example.com:1080']],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider managedProxyAuthorizationRouteProvider
     */
    public function testManagedProxyAuthorizationUsesProxyOnlyChannelOnEveryRoute(array $env, array $options): void
    {
        self::requireProxyHeaderSeparationConstants();
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        self::withProxyEnvironment($env, static function () use ($options, $proxyHeaderOption): void {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
            self::createRequestOnFactory(
                $factory,
                '7.37.0',
                new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com', ['Proxy-Authorization' => 'Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=']),
                $options
            );

            // The credential never enters the origin header list, whatever
            // route Guzzle predicts; it is configured in the separated
            // proxy-only list, which libcurl uses only for HTTP requests it
            // actually sends to a proxy.
            self::assertNotContains('Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
            self::assertContains('Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=', $_SERVER['_curl'][$proxyHeaderOption]);
            self::assertSame((int) \constant('CURLHEADER_SEPARATE'), $_SERVER['_curl'][(int) \constant('CURLOPT_HEADEROPT')]);
        });
    }

    public function testManagedProxyAuthorizationHeaderSectionsTunnelEvenOnFixedCurl(): void
    {
        self::requireProxyHeaderSeparationConstants();

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $first = self::createRequestOnFactory(
            $factory,
            '8.20.0',
            new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', ['Proxy-Authorization' => 'Basic dXNlcjpvbmU=']),
            ['proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080']
        )->proxyTunnelSignature;
        $second = self::createRequestOnFactory(
            $factory,
            '8.20.0',
            new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', ['Proxy-Authorization' => 'Basic dXNlcjp0d28=']),
            ['proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080']
        )->proxyTunnelSignature;

        // libcurl cannot key connection reuse on a literal Proxy-Authorization
        // header, so the managed credential sections the tunnel even on the
        // fast-path version, and distinct credentials section distinctly.
        self::assertNotNull($first);
        self::assertNotNull($second);
        self::assertNotSame($first, $second);
    }

    public function testProxyHeaderSeparationIsSetForExistingProxyHeader(): void
    {
        self::requireProxyHeaderSeparationConstants();
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        self::createOnFactory($factory, '7.37.0', 'http://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            'curl' => [
                $proxyHeaderOption => ['X-Proxy-Header: value'],
            ],
        ]);

        // The raw CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER option remains allowed, and Guzzle sets
        // CURLOPT_HEADEROPT internally so the proxy headers stay separate.
        self::assertSame(['X-Proxy-Header: value'], $_SERVER['_curl'][$proxyHeaderOption]);
        self::assertSame((int) \constant('CURLHEADER_SEPARATE'), $_SERVER['_curl'][(int) \constant('CURLOPT_HEADEROPT')]);
    }

    public function testProxyHeaderSeparationIsSetForConnectTunnelWithoutProxyHeader(): void
    {
        self::requireProxyHeaderSeparationConstants();

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        self::createRequestOnFactory(
            $factory,
            '7.54.0',
            new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'),
            ['proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080']
        );

        // The HTTPS target tunnels via CONNECT (which requires libcurl 7.54);
        // even with no proxy header, usesProxyTunnel() is true, so Guzzle
        // sets CURLHEADER_SEPARATE.
        self::assertSame((int) \constant('CURLHEADER_SEPARATE'), $_SERVER['_curl'][(int) \constant('CURLOPT_HEADEROPT')]);
    }

    public function testManagedProxyAuthorizationAppendsAfterExistingProxyHeaders(): void
    {
        self::requireProxyHeaderSeparationConstants();
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        self::createRequestOnFactory(
            $factory,
            '7.37.0',
            new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com', [
                'Proxy-Authorization' => ['Basic dXNlcjpvbmU=', 'Basic dXNlcjp0d28='],
            ]),
            [
                'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
                'curl' => [
                    $proxyHeaderOption => ['X-Proxy-Header: value'],
                ],
            ]
        );

        // The managed credentials are appended after the pre-existing proxy
        // headers, preserving both the raw order and the header value order.
        self::assertSame([
            'X-Proxy-Header: value',
            'Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcjpvbmU=',
            'Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcjp0d28=',
        ], $_SERVER['_curl'][$proxyHeaderOption]);
    }

    public function testMultipleManagedProxyAuthorizationValuesKeepOrderAndPreserveEmptyValues(): void
    {
        self::requireProxyHeaderSeparationConstants();
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        self::createRequestOnFactory(
            $factory,
            '7.37.0',
            new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com', [
                'Proxy-Authorization' => ['Basic dXNlcjpvbmU=', '', 'Basic dXNlcjp0d28='],
            ]),
            ['proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080']
        );

        // The values are configured line by line in their original order
        // (comma-joining them would change the wire representation), and the
        // empty value keeps cURL's header-control semicolon form.
        self::assertSame([
            'Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcjpvbmU=',
            'Proxy-Authorization;',
            'Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcjp0d28=',
        ], $_SERVER['_curl'][$proxyHeaderOption]);
        self::assertNotContains('Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcjpvbmU=', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
        self::assertNotContains('Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcjp0d28=', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
        self::assertNotContains('Proxy-Authorization;', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
    }

    public function testRawProxyHeaderOptionIsSeparatedOnDirectRoute(): void
    {
        self::requireProxyHeaderSeparationConstants();
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        self::withProxyEnvironment([], static function () use ($proxyHeaderOption): void {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
            self::createRequestOnFactory(
                $factory,
                '7.37.0',
                new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'),
                [
                    'proxy' => '',
                    'curl' => [
                        $proxyHeaderOption => ['X-Proxy-Header: value'],
                    ],
                ]
            );

            // Any configured proxy-only list is paired with
            // CURLHEADER_SEPARATE without consulting the route prediction;
            // libcurl simply leaves the list unused on a direct transfer.
            self::assertSame(['X-Proxy-Header: value'], $_SERVER['_curl'][$proxyHeaderOption]);
            self::assertSame((int) \constant('CURLHEADER_SEPARATE'), $_SERVER['_curl'][(int) \constant('CURLOPT_HEADEROPT')]);
        });
    }

    public function testSupportedProxyAuthorizationConflictsWithPersistentRequireWhenRouted(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();
        self::requireProxyHeaderSeparationConstants();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::PERSISTENT_REQUIRE, $shareHandle);

        try {
            $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('fresh proxy tunnel connection');

            // The HTTPS target tunnels through the http:// proxy (requiring
            // libcurl 7.54); the managed header is configured in
            // CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER before the configured-share
            // fresh-connection logic observes it and rejects the reuse.
            self::createRequestOnFactory(
                $factory,
                '7.54.0',
                new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', ['Proxy-Authorization' => 'Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=']),
                ['proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080']
            );
        } finally {
            self::closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    public function testSupportedProxyAuthorizationWithoutTunnelIsAcceptedUnderPersistentRequire(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();
        self::requireProxyHeaderSeparationConstants();
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::PERSISTENT_REQUIRE, $shareHandle);

        try {
            // Supported separation + a NON-tunnel (plain http) target: the header
            // is configured in CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER and the tunnel-gated
            // fresh-connection logic never runs, so PERSISTENT_REQUIRE must
            // ACCEPT the request.
            $easy = self::createRequestOnFactory(
                $factory,
                '7.37.0',
                new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com', ['Proxy-Authorization' => 'Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=']),
                ['proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080']
            );

            self::assertNull($easy->proxyTunnelSignature);
            self::assertContains('Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=', $_SERVER['_curl'][$proxyHeaderOption]);
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT, $_SERVER['_curl']);
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        } finally {
            self::closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    public static function unsupportedProxyAuthorizationRouteProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            'direct' => [[], ['proxy' => '']],
            'http proxy' => [[], ['proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080']],
            'socks proxy' => [[], ['proxy' => 'socks5://proxy.example.com:1080']],
            'managed no bypass' => [[], ['proxy' => ['http' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080', 'no' => ['example.com']]]],
            'environment NO_PROXY bypass' => [['http_proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080', 'NO_PROXY' => 'example.com'], []],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider unsupportedProxyAuthorizationRouteProvider
     */
    public function testRejectsManagedProxyAuthorizationWithoutSeparationSupport(array $env, array $options): void
    {
        // Legacy libcurl cannot separate proxy headers, so a request carrying
        // a non-empty Proxy-Authorization credential is rejected up front on
        // every predicted route, matching the other build- and
        // version-specific capability checks.
        self::withProxyEnvironment($env, function () use ($options): void {
            $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('Proxy headers require libcurl 7.37.0 or newer built with proxy header separation support.');

            self::createRequestOnFactory(
                new CurlFactory(3),
                '7.36.0',
                new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com', ['Proxy-Authorization' => 'Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=']),
                $options
            );
        });
    }

    public function testRejectsRawOnlyProxyHeaderOptionWithoutSeparationSupport(): void
    {
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Proxy headers require libcurl 7.37.0 or newer built with proxy header separation support.');

        // Unlike the 7.x branches, 8.0 also fails closed for a caller's
        // raw-only CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER on legacy libcurl: a proxy-only header
        // list cannot be represented safely without separation support.
        self::createRequestOnFactory(
            new CurlFactory(3),
            '7.36.0',
            new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'),
            [
                'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
                'curl' => [
                    $proxyHeaderOption => ['X-Proxy-Header: value'],
                ],
            ]
        );
    }

    public function testRawHeaderOptIsRejected(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_HEADEROPT')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_HEADEROPT is not available.');
        }

        $headerOpt = (int) \constant('CURLOPT_HEADEROPT');
        $separate = \defined('CURLHEADER_SEPARATE') ? (int) \constant('CURLHEADER_SEPARATE') : 1;

        try {
            (new CurlFactory(3))->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
                'curl' => [
                    $headerOpt => $separate,
                ],
            ]);

            self::fail('Expected InvalidArgumentException.');
        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
            // CURLOPT_HEADEROPT is owned internally by Guzzle and is not on the
            // public allow-list, so passing it raw is rejected.
            self::assertStringContainsString('CURLOPT_HEADEROPT', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertStringContainsString("outside the built-in cURL handlers' allow-list", $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    public function testProxyAuthorizationHeaderOrderAffectsSignature(): void
    {
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        $first = self::computeProxyTunnelSignature('8.20.0', 'https://example.com', [
            \CURLOPT_PROXY => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            $proxyHeaderOption => [
                'Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcjpvbmU=',
                'Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcjp0d28=',
            ],
        ]);
        $second = self::computeProxyTunnelSignature('8.20.0', 'https://example.com', [
            \CURLOPT_PROXY => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            $proxyHeaderOption => [
                'Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcjp0d28=',
                'Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcjpvbmU=',
            ],
        ]);

        // With the sort() removed, the signature reflects wire order: the same
        // credentials in a different order section separately.
        self::assertNotNull($first);
        self::assertNotSame($first, $second);
    }

    public function testEmptyPsrProxyAuthorizationHeaderUsesProxyOnlyControlField(): void
    {
        self::requireProxyHeaderSeparationConstants();
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = self::createRequestOnFactory(
            $factory,
            '8.20.0',
            new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', ['Proxy-Authorization' => '']),
            ['proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080']
        );

        // An empty first-class value carries no credential, but its semicolon
        // form remains in the proxy-only channel so it can suppress a proxy
        // authorization field generated from URL userinfo.
        self::assertNotContains('Proxy-Authorization;', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
        self::assertSame(['Proxy-Authorization;'], $_SERVER['_curl'][$proxyHeaderOption]);
        self::assertSame((int) \constant('CURLHEADER_SEPARATE'), $_SERVER['_curl'][(int) \constant('CURLOPT_HEADEROPT')]);
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE, $_SERVER['_curl']);

        // The empty value carries no credential, so the tunnel is delegated to
        // libcurl, the same owner as an unauthenticated proxy.
        $unauthenticated = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.20.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
        ])->proxyTunnelSignature;
        self::assertSame($unauthenticated, $easy->proxyTunnelSignature);
    }

    public function testRejectsEmptyPsrProxyAuthorizationHeaderWithoutSeparationSupport(): void
    {
        $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Proxy headers require libcurl 7.37.0 or newer built with proxy header separation support.');

        self::createRequestOnFactory(
            new CurlFactory(3),
            '7.36.0',
            new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com', ['Proxy-Authorization' => '']),
            ['proxy' => '']
        );
    }

    public function testNonArrayProxyHeaderThrowsWhenManagedHeaderWouldAppend(): void
    {
        self::requireProxyHeaderSeparationConstants();
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER must be an array when a Proxy-Authorization request header is routed to the proxy header channel.');

        // CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER is allow-listed but must be an array; a
        // non-array value plus a PSR Proxy-Authorization header to route is
        // rejected.
        self::createRequestOnFactory(
            new CurlFactory(3),
            '7.37.0',
            new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com', ['Proxy-Authorization' => 'Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=']),
            [
                'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
                'curl' => [
                    $proxyHeaderOption => 'not-an-array',
                ],
            ]
        );
    }

    public function testRejectsManagedProxyAuthorizationValueWithCrLfFromCustomRequest(): void
    {
        self::requireProxyHeaderSeparationConstants();

        $request = new class('GET', 'http://example.com') extends Psr7\Request {
            public function getHeader($header): array
            {
                if ($header === 'Proxy-Authorization') {
                    return ["Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=\r\nX-Injected: value"];
                }

                return parent::getHeader($header);
            }
        };

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER entries must not contain a carriage return or line feed.');

        // A conforming PSR-7 implementation rejects CR and LF in header
        // values, but a custom RequestInterface can return them; the managed
        // lines are re-validated by the normalization pass that runs after
        // they are appended to CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER.
        self::createRequestOnFactory(
            new CurlFactory(3),
            '7.37.0',
            $request,
            ['proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080']
        );
    }

    public function testRejectsRawCurlSocksProxyTypeWithProxyUrl(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURLPROXY_SOCKS5')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLPROXY_SOCKS5 is not available.');
        }

        $proxyType = (int) \constant('CURLPROXY_SOCKS5');

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_PROXY');

        (new CurlFactory(3))->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
            'curl' => [
                \CURLOPT_PROXY => 'proxy.example.com:1080',
                \CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE => $proxyType,
                \CURLOPT_PROXYUSERPWD => 'username:password',
            ],
        ]);
    }

    public function testRejectsRawCurlProxyTypeOption(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE');

        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
            'curl' => [\CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE => \defined('CURLPROXY_HTTPS') ? \constant('CURLPROXY_HTTPS') : 2],
        ]);
    }

    public function testRejectsRawCurlProxyOverride(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_PROXY');

        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
            'proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy-one.example.com:8080',
            'curl' => [
                \CURLOPT_PROXY => 'http://proxy-two.example.com:8080',
            ],
        ]);
    }

    public function testRejectsRawCurlProxyDisable(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('CURLOPT_PROXY');

        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
            'proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080',
            'curl' => [
                \CURLOPT_PROXY => '',
            ],
        ]);
    }

    public function testReusesIdleHandleForSameProxyTunnelSignature(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $options = ['proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080'];

        $first = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.19.0', 'https://example.com', $options);
        $pooled = $first->handle;
        $factory->release($first);

        $second = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.19.0', 'https://example.com', $options);

        self::assertSame($pooled, $second->handle);
    }

    public function testFirstProxyTunnelOwnerReusesPooledHandleWithoutPurging(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        $direct = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.19.0', 'https://example.com', []);
        $pooled = $direct->handle;
        $factory->release($direct);

        $tunnel = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080',
        ]);

        self::assertSame($pooled, $tunnel->handle);
    }

    public function testPurgesIdleHandlesWhenProxyTunnelOwnerChanges(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        $first = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://user1:pass1@proxy.example.com:8080',
        ]);
        $factory->release($first);
        self::assertCount(1, self::readIdleHandles($factory));

        $second = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://user2:pass2@proxy.example.com:8080',
        ]);
        self::assertCount(0, self::readIdleHandles($factory));

        $factory->release($second);
        self::assertCount(1, self::readIdleHandles($factory));
    }

    public function testReleaseDropsHandleFromSupersededOwner(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        $a = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://a:a@proxy.example.com:8080',
        ]);
        $b = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://b:b@proxy.example.com:8080',
        ]);

        $factory->release($a);
        self::assertCount(0, self::readIdleHandles($factory));

        $factory->release($b);
        self::assertCount(1, self::readIdleHandles($factory));
    }

    public function testShareHandleUsesBlanketForceFreshForAuthenticatedProxy(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::HANDLER_PREFER, $shareHandle);

        try {
            $easy = self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
                'proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080',
            ]);

            self::assertNull($easy->proxyTunnelSignature);
            self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT]);
            self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE]);
        } finally {
            self::closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    public function testShareHandleUsesBlanketForceFreshForAuthenticatedSocksProxyOnAffectedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::HANDLER_PREFER, $shareHandle);

        try {
            $easy = self::createOnFactory($factory, '7.68.0', 'http://example.com', [
                'proxy' => 'socks5://username:password@proxy.example.com:1080',
            ]);

            self::assertNull($easy->proxyTunnelSignature);
            self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT]);
            self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE]);
        } finally {
            self::closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    public function testShareHandleUsesBlanketForceFreshForAnonymousSocksProxyOnAffectedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::HANDLER_PREFER, $shareHandle);

        try {
            $easy = self::createOnFactory($factory, '7.68.0', 'https://example.com', [
                'proxy' => 'socks5://proxy.example.com:1080',
                'curl' => [
                    \CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT => false,
                    \CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE => false,
                ],
            ]);

            self::assertNull($easy->proxyTunnelSignature);
            self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT]);
            self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE]);
        } finally {
            self::closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    public function testShareHandleSkipsBlanketForceFreshForSocksProxyOnFixedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::HANDLER_PREFER, $shareHandle);

        try {
            $easy = self::createOnFactory($factory, '7.69.0', 'https://example.com', [
                'proxy' => 'socks5://username:password@proxy.example.com:1080',
            ]);

            self::assertNull($easy->proxyTunnelSignature);
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT, $_SERVER['_curl']);
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        } finally {
            self::closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    public static function opaqueShareAnonymousProxyTunnelProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'https origin at the capability floor' => ['7.57.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
        ]];
        yield 'https origin on modern libcurl' => ['8.21.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
        ]];
        yield 'explicit tunnel option' => ['8.21.0', 'http://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            'curl' => [\CURLOPT_HTTPPROXYTUNNEL => true],
        ]];

        if (\defined('CURLOPT_CONNECT_TO')) {
            yield 'connect-to tunnel' => ['8.21.0', 'http://example.com', [
                'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
                'curl' => [(int) \constant('CURLOPT_CONNECT_TO') => ['example.com:80:backend.example.com:8080']],
            ]];
        }

        yield 'authenticated tunnel below the credential floor' => ['7.56.1', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080',
        ]];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider opaqueShareAnonymousProxyTunnelProvider
     */
    public function testOpaqueShareHandleForcesFreshProxyTunnels(string $version, string $uri, array $options): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::HANDLER_PREFER, $shareHandle);

        try {
            $options['curl'] = ($options['curl'] ?? []) + [
                \CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT => false,
                \CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE => false,
            ];
            self::createOnFactory($factory, $version, $uri, $options);

            self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT]);
            self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE]);
        } finally {
            self::closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    public static function opaqueShareUntouchedRouteProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'anonymous tunnel below the capability floor' => ['7.56.1', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
        ]];
        yield 'direct request' => ['8.21.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => '',
        ]];
        yield 'non-tunnel forward proxy' => ['8.21.0', 'http://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
        ]];
        yield 'authenticated tunnel on credential-aware libcurl' => ['8.20.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080',
        ]];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider opaqueShareUntouchedRouteProvider
     */
    public function testOpaqueShareHandleLeavesOtherRoutesUntouched(string $version, string $uri, array $options): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $shareHandle = \curl_share_init();
        self::assertNotFalse($shareHandle);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::HANDLER_PREFER, $shareHandle);

        try {
            self::createOnFactory($factory, $version, $uri, $options);

            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT, $_SERVER['_curl']);
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        } finally {
            self::closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    public static function handlerShareModeProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'handler prefer' => [TransportSharing::HANDLER_PREFER];
        yield 'handler require' => [TransportSharing::HANDLER_REQUIRE];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider handlerShareModeProvider
     */
    public function testHandlerShareStateRetainsAnonymousProxyTunnelReuse(string $mode): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo(['version' => '8.21.0', 'features' => self::curlSslFeature()]);

        try {
            $state = CurlShareHandleState::fromOption($mode);
            self::assertNotNull($state);
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3, $state->mode, $state);

            self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.21.0', 'https://example.com', [
                'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            ]);

            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT, $_SERVER['_curl']);
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testHandlerShareStateKeepsAuthenticatedProxyTunnelSafeguards(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $state = CurlShareHandleState::fromOption(TransportSharing::HANDLER_PREFER);
        self::assertNotNull($state);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, $state->mode, $state);

        self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080',
        ]);

        self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT]);
        self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE]);
    }

    public function testHandlerShareStateStillForcesFreshSocksProxyOnAffectedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $state = CurlShareHandleState::fromOption(TransportSharing::HANDLER_PREFER);
        self::assertNotNull($state);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3, $state->mode, $state);

        self::createOnFactory($factory, '7.68.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'socks5://proxy.example.com:1080',
        ]);

        self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT]);
        self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE]);
    }

    public function testRejectsShareHandleStateWithMismatchedSharingMode(): void
    {
        self::skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable();

        $state = CurlShareHandleState::fromOption(TransportSharing::HANDLER_PREFER);
        self::assertNotNull($state);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('The cURL share handle state mode does not match the configured transport sharing mode.');

        new CurlFactory(3, TransportSharing::HANDLER_REQUIRE, $state);
    }

    public function testAuthenticatedHttpsProxyReuseOptionsCanBeSetOnFixedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        self::createOnFactory($factory, '8.20.0', 'https://example.com', [
            'proxy' => 'http://username:password@proxy.example.com:8080',
            'curl' => [
                \CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT => false,
                \CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE => false,
            ],
        ]);

        self::assertFalse($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT]);
        self::assertFalse($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_FORBID_REUSE]);
    }

    public function testProxyTlsAuthCredentialChangesProxyTunnelSignature(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_PROXY_TLSAUTH_PASSWORD')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PROXY_TLSAUTH_PASSWORD is not available.');
        }

        // TLS-SRP is a proxy credential that libcurl did not key connection
        // reuse on before 7.83.1 (CVE-2022-27782), so on an affected version it
        // must change the signature for the proxy tunnel to be sectioned.
        $tlsAuthPassword = (int) \constant('CURLOPT_PROXY_TLSAUTH_PASSWORD');

        $first = self::computeProxyTunnelSignature('8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
            \CURLOPT_PROXY => 'https://proxy.example.com:8080',
            $tlsAuthPassword => 'secret1',
        ]);
        $second = self::computeProxyTunnelSignature('8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
            \CURLOPT_PROXY => 'https://proxy.example.com:8080',
            $tlsAuthPassword => 'secret2',
        ]);

        self::assertNotNull($first);
        self::assertNotSame($first, $second);
    }

    public function testProxySslKeyChangesProxyTunnelSignature(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_PROXY_SSLKEY')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PROXY_SSLKEY is not available.');
        }

        // On this non-delegated (pre-8.20.0) path the proxy private-key file is
        // keyed as fallback hardening: libcurl's mTLS private-key matching on reuse
        // was incomplete before 8.21.0 (CVE-2026-8932).
        $sslKey = (int) \constant('CURLOPT_PROXY_SSLKEY');
        $first = self::computeProxyTunnelSignature('8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
            \CURLOPT_PROXY => 'https://proxy.example.com:8080', $sslKey => '/path/to/key-a.pem',
        ]);
        $second = self::computeProxyTunnelSignature('8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
            \CURLOPT_PROXY => 'https://proxy.example.com:8080', $sslKey => '/path/to/key-b.pem',
        ]);

        self::assertNotNull($first);
        self::assertNotSame($first, $second);
    }

    public function testProxyKeyPasswdChangesProxyTunnelSignature(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_PROXY_KEYPASSWD')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PROXY_KEYPASSWD is not available.');
        }

        $keyPasswd = (int) \constant('CURLOPT_PROXY_KEYPASSWD');
        $first = self::computeProxyTunnelSignature('8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
            \CURLOPT_PROXY => 'https://proxy.example.com:8080', $keyPasswd => 'secret-a',
        ]);
        $second = self::computeProxyTunnelSignature('8.19.0', 'https://example.com', [
            \CURLOPT_PROXY => 'https://proxy.example.com:8080', $keyPasswd => 'secret-b',
        ]);

        self::assertNotNull($first);
        self::assertNotSame($first, $second);
    }

    public function testProxyTlsCredentialsRequireFreshConnectionOnAffectedCurlVersion(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_PROXY_TLSAUTH_PASSWORD')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PROXY_TLSAUTH_PASSWORD is not available.');
        }

        // Under a configured share handle the signature path is bypassed for
        // the force-fresh path. libcurl did not key connection reuse on TLS-SRP
        // before 7.83.1 (CVE-2022-27782), so that path must force a fresh
        // tunnel on an affected version and need not from 7.83.1 onwards.
        $conf = [
            \CURLOPT_PROXY => 'https://proxy.example.com:8080',
            (int) \constant('CURLOPT_PROXY_TLSAUTH_PASSWORD') => 'secret',
        ];

        self::assertTrue(self::computeRequiresFreshForAuthenticatedProxy('7.79.0', 'https://example.com', $conf));
        self::assertFalse(self::computeRequiresFreshForAuthenticatedProxy('7.83.1', 'https://example.com', $conf));
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider invalidProxyOptionProvider
     *
     * @param mixed $proxy
     */
    public function testValidatesProxyOption($proxy): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['proxy' => $proxy]);
    }

    public static function invalidProxyOptionProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            [new \stdClass()],
            [['http' => new \stdClass()]],
            [['http' => 'http://bar.com', 'no' => new \stdClass()]],
            [['http' => 'http://bar.com', 'no' => [new \stdClass()]]],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @param array<int, string>|string $noProxy
     */
    private function checkNoProxyForHost(string $url, $noProxy, bool $assertUseProxy): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', $url), [
            'proxy' => [
                'http' => 'http://bar.com',
                'https' => 'https://t',
                'no' => $noProxy,
            ],
        ]);
        if ($assertUseProxy) {
            self::assertSame(
                \parse_url($url, \PHP_URL_SCHEME) === 'https' ? 'https://t' : 'http://bar.com',
                $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]
            );
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        } else {
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('*', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
        }
    }

    public function testUsesProxy(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, [
                'Foo' => 'Bar',
                'Baz' => 'bam',
                'Content-Length' => '2',
            ], 'hi'),
        ]);

        $handler = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://www.example.com', [], null, '1.0');
        $promise = $handler($request, [
            'proxy' => Server::$url,
        ]);
        $response = $promise->wait();
        self::assertSame(200, $response->getStatusCode());
        self::assertSame('Bar', $response->getHeaderLine('Foo'));
        self::assertSame('2', $response->getHeaderLine('Content-Length'));
        self::assertSame('hi', (string) $response->getBody());
    }

    private static function skipIfProxyHeaderSeparationIsUnsupported(): void
    {
        self::requireProxyHeaderSeparationConstants();
        if (!CurlVersion::supportsProxyHeaderSeparation()) {
            self::markTestSkipped('The runtime libcurl does not support proxy header separation.');
        }
    }

    public function testDirectCurlRequestDoesNotSendProxyAuthorizationToOrigin(): void
    {
        self::skipIfProxyHeaderSeparationIsUnsupported();

        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response(200)]);

        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
        $handler(
            new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url, ['Proxy-Authorization' => 'Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=']),
            ['proxy' => '']
        )->wait();

        self::assertFalse(Server::received()[0]->hasHeader('Proxy-Authorization'));
    }

    public function testProxyAuthorizationIsSentToPlainHttpProxyOnTheWire(): void
    {
        self::skipIfProxyHeaderSeparationIsUnsupported();

        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response(200)]);

        // The test server stands in as a plain HTTP proxy receiving the
        // absolute-form request, so the separated proxy-only header list is
        // delivered to it.
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
        $handler(
            new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://www.example.com', ['Proxy-Authorization' => 'Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=']),
            ['proxy' => Server::$url]
        )->wait();

        self::assertSame('Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=', Server::received()[0]->getHeaderLine('Proxy-Authorization'));
    }

    public function testEmptyProxyAuthorizationSuppressesProxyUrlCredentialsOnTheWire(): void
    {
        self::skipIfProxyHeaderSeparationIsUnsupported();

        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response(200)]);

        $proxy = (new Psr7\Uri(Server::$url))->withUserInfo('username', 'password');
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
        $handler(
            new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://www.example.com', ['Proxy-Authorization' => '']),
            ['proxy' => (string) $proxy]
        )->wait();

        $received = Server::received()[0];
        self::assertTrue($received->hasHeader('Proxy-Authorization'));
        self::assertSame('', $received->getHeaderLine('Proxy-Authorization'));
    }

    public function testClientDefaultProxyAuthorizationHeaderIsNotSentToOrigin(): void
    {
        self::skipIfProxyHeaderSeparationIsUnsupported();
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        self::withProxyEnvironment([], static function () use ($proxyHeaderOption): void {
            Server::flush();
            Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response(200)]);

            $client = new Client([
                'handler' => new Handler\CurlHandler(),
                'headers' => ['Proxy-Authorization' => 'Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ='],
            ]);
            $client->get(Server::$url, ['proxy' => '']);

            // A client default header takes the same managed route as a
            // directly constructed PSR-7 request header.
            self::assertNotContains('Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
            self::assertContains('Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=', $_SERVER['_curl'][$proxyHeaderOption]);
            self::assertFalse(Server::received()[0]->hasHeader('Proxy-Authorization'));
        });
    }

    public function testRedirectFromProxyToDirectRouteDoesNotDiscloseProxyAuthorization(): void
    {
        self::skipIfProxyHeaderSeparationIsUnsupported();
        $proxyHeaderOption = self::proxyHeaderOption();

        self::withProxyEnvironment([], static function () use ($proxyHeaderOption): void {
            Server::flush();
            Server::enqueue([
                new Psr7\Response(301, ['Location' => Server::$url]),
                new Psr7\Response(200),
            ]);

            $client = new Client(['handler' => HandlerStack::create(new Handler\CurlHandler())]);
            $client->get('http://www.example.com', [
                'headers' => ['Proxy-Authorization' => 'Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ='],
                'proxy' => [
                    'http' => Server::$url,
                    'no' => ['127.0.0.1'],
                ],
            ]);

            // Snapshot the direct hop's configuration before Server::received()
            // issues its own request and overwrites the capture.
            $directHopConf = $_SERVER['_curl'];

            $received = Server::received();
            self::assertCount(2, $received);
            // The first hop reaches the test server as a plain HTTP proxy and
            // receives the credential; the redirected direct hop does not.
            self::assertSame('Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=', $received[0]->getHeaderLine('Proxy-Authorization'));
            self::assertFalse($received[1]->hasHeader('Proxy-Authorization'));

            // The direct hop still configures the credential only in the
            // proxy-only channel.
            self::assertNotContains('Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=', $directHopConf[\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
            self::assertContains('Proxy-Authorization: Basic dXNlcm5hbWU6cGFzc3dvcmQ=', $directHopConf[$proxyHeaderOption]);
            self::assertSame((int) \constant('CURLHEADER_SEPARATE'), $directHopConf[(int) \constant('CURLOPT_HEADEROPT')]);
        });
    }

    public function testDefaultsHttpsToTls12Minimum(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), []);

        self::assertEquals(\CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_2, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION]);
    }

    public function testDoesNotSetDefaultTlsMinimumForHttp(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), []);

        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION, $_SERVER['_curl']);
    }

    public function testRejectsRawCurlSslVersionOption(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        try {
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
                'curl' => [\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION => \CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_1],
            ]);
            self::fail('Expected an InvalidArgumentException for raw CURLOPT_SSLVERSION.');
        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
            self::assertStringContainsString('CURLOPT_SSLVERSION', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertStringContainsString('crypto_method_max', $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    public function testValidatesCryptoMethodInvalidMethod(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Invalid crypto_method request option: unknown version provided');
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['crypto_method' => 123]);
    }

    public function testAddsCryptoMethodTls10(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['crypto_method' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_0_CLIENT]);
        self::assertEquals(\CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_0, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION]);
    }

    public function testAddsCryptoMethodTls11(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['crypto_method' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_1_CLIENT]);
        self::assertEquals(\CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_1, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION]);
    }

    public function testAddsCryptoMethodTls12(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['crypto_method' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_2_CLIENT]);
        self::assertEquals(\CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_2, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION]);
    }

    public function testAddsCryptoMethodTls13(): void
    {
        if (!CurlVersion::supportsTls13()) {
            self::markTestSkipped('TLS 1.3 is not supported by this cURL installation.');
        }

        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['crypto_method' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_3_CLIENT]);
        self::assertEquals(\CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_3, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION]);
    }

    public function testCryptoMethodTls13ThrowsRequestExceptionOnUnsupportedCurl(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_3_CLIENT')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_3_CLIENT is not available.');
        }

        // TLS 1.3 missing from the linked libcurl is build-specific (a newer
        // build runs the same request), so it is a RequestException.
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.50.0',
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature(),
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
                'crypto_method' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_3_CLIENT,
            ]);
            self::fail('Expected a RequestException for unsupported TLS 1.3.');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertStringContainsString('TLS 1.3 not supported by your version of cURL', $e->getMessage());
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testAddsCryptoMethodMaxTls12WithDefaultHttpsMinimum(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_2')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_2 is unavailable.');
        }

        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
            'crypto_method_max' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_2_CLIENT,
        ]);

        self::assertSame(
            \CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_2 | \CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_2,
            $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION]
        );
    }

    public function testAddsCryptoMethodMaxTls13WithDefaultHttpsMinimum(): void
    {
        if (!CurlVersion::supportsTls13() || !\defined('CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_3')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('TLS 1.3 maximum is not supported by this cURL installation.');
        }

        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
            'crypto_method_max' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_3_CLIENT,
        ]);

        self::assertSame(
            \CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_2 | \CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_3,
            $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION]
        );
    }

    public function testRejectsDefaultHttpsMinWhenCryptoMethodMaxIsBelowTls12(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('crypto_method_max');

        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
            'crypto_method_max' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_1_CLIENT,
        ]);
    }

    public function testAllowsExplicitLowerMinWithLowerCryptoMethodMax(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_1')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_1 is unavailable.');
        }

        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com'), [
            'crypto_method' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_0_CLIENT,
            'crypto_method_max' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_1_CLIENT,
        ]);

        self::assertSame(
            \CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_0 | \CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_1,
            $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION]
        );
    }

    public function testAllowsCryptoMethodMaxBelowTls12OnHttp11(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_0')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_0 is unavailable.');
        }

        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), [
            'crypto_method_max' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_0_CLIENT,
        ]);

        self::assertSame(
            \CURL_SSLVERSION_DEFAULT | \CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_0,
            $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION]
        );
    }

    public function testRejectsCryptoMethodMaxUnknownInteger(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Invalid crypto_method_max request option: unknown version provided');

        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'crypto_method_max' => 123,
        ]);
    }

    public function testRejectsExplicitCryptoMethodMaxLowerThanMin(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('crypto_method_max');

        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'crypto_method' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_3_CLIENT,
            'crypto_method_max' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_2_CLIENT,
        ]);
    }

    public function testRejectsHttp2CryptoMethodMaxBelowTls12(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 require TLS 1.2 or higher');

        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url, [], null, '2.0'), [
            'crypto_method_max' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_1_CLIENT,
        ]);
    }

    public function testAllowsHttp2CryptoMethodMaxTls12(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_2')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_2 is unavailable.');
        }

        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url, [], null, '2.0'), [
            'crypto_method_max' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_2_CLIENT,
        ]);

        self::assertSame(
            \CURL_SSLVERSION_DEFAULT | \CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_2,
            $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION]
        );
    }

    public function testValidatesSslKey(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('SSL private key not found: /does/not/exist');
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['ssl_key' => '/does/not/exist']);
    }

    public function testAddsSslKey(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['ssl_key' => __FILE__]);
        self::assertEquals(__FILE__, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLKEY]);
    }

    public function testAddsSslKeyWithPassword(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['ssl_key' => [__FILE__, 'test']]);
        self::assertEquals(__FILE__, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLKEY]);
        self::assertEquals('test', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLKEYPASSWD]);
    }

    public function testAddsSslKeyWhenUsingArraySyntaxButNoPassword(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['ssl_key' => [__FILE__]]);

        self::assertEquals(__FILE__, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLKEY]);
    }

    public function testAddsSslKeyType(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'ssl_key' => __FILE__,
            'ssl_key_type' => 'pem',
        ]);

        self::assertSame('PEM', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLKEYTYPE]);
    }

    public function testAllowsEngineSslKeyIdentifiers(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'ssl_key' => 'engine-key-id',
            'ssl_key_type' => 'ENG',
        ]);

        self::assertSame('engine-key-id', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLKEY]);
        self::assertSame('ENG', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLKEYTYPE]);
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider invalidSslKeyTypeProvider
     *
     * @param mixed $sslKeyType
     */
    public function testValidatesSslKeyType($sslKeyType): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('ssl_key_type must be a non-empty string');
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['ssl_key_type' => $sslKeyType]);
    }

    public static function invalidSslKeyTypeProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            [[]],
            [''],
            [false],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider invalidSslKeyOptionProvider
     *
     * @param mixed $sslKey
     */
    public function testValidatesSslKeyOptionShape($sslKey): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Invalid ssl_key request option');
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), ['ssl_key' => $sslKey]);
    }

    public static function invalidSslKeyOptionProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            [[]],
            [['passphrase' => 'test']],
            [[new \stdClass(), 'test']],
            [[__FILE__, new \stdClass()]],
            [new \stdClass()],
        ];
    }

    public function testValidatesCert(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('SSL certificate not found: /does/not/exist');
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['cert' => '/does/not/exist']);
    }

    public function testAddsCert(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['cert' => __FILE__]);
        self::assertEquals(__FILE__, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLCERT]);
    }

    public function testAddsCertWithPassword(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['cert' => [__FILE__, 'test']]);
        self::assertEquals(__FILE__, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLCERT]);
        self::assertEquals('test', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLCERTPASSWD]);
    }

    public function testAddsCertWithArrayPathOnly(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), ['cert' => [__FILE__]]);

        try {
            self::assertInstanceOf(EasyHandle::class, $easy);
        } finally {
            if (\PHP_VERSION_ID < 80000) {
                \curl_close($easy->handle);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testAddsCertType(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'cert' => __FILE__,
            'cert_type' => 'p12',
        ]);

        self::assertSame('P12', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLCERTTYPE]);
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider invalidCertTypeProvider
     *
     * @param mixed $certType
     */
    public function testValidatesCertType($certType): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('cert_type must be a non-empty string');
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['cert_type' => $certType]);
    }

    public static function invalidCertTypeProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            [[]],
            [''],
            [false],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider invalidCertOptionProvider
     *
     * @param mixed $cert
     */
    public function testValidatesCertOptionShape($cert): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Invalid cert request option');
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), ['cert' => $cert]);
    }

    public static function invalidCertOptionProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            [[]],
            [['passphrase' => 'test']],
            [[new \stdClass(), 'test']],
            [[__FILE__, new \stdClass()]],
            [new \stdClass()],
        ];
    }

    public function testAddsDerCert(): void
    {
        $certFile = tempnam(sys_get_temp_dir(), 'mock_test_cert');
        rename($certFile, $certFile .= '.der');
        try {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['cert' => $certFile]);
            self::assertArrayHasKey(\CURLOPT_SSLCERTTYPE, $_SERVER['_curl']);
            self::assertEquals('DER', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLCERTTYPE]);
        } finally {
            @\unlink($certFile);
        }
    }

    public function testExplicitCertTypeOverridesCertExtension(): void
    {
        $certFile = tempnam(sys_get_temp_dir(), 'mock_test_cert');
        rename($certFile, $certFile .= '.der');
        try {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
                'cert' => $certFile,
                'cert_type' => 'PEM',
            ]);
            self::assertSame('PEM', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLCERTTYPE]);
        } finally {
            @\unlink($certFile);
        }
    }

    public function testAddsP12Cert(): void
    {
        $certFile = tempnam(sys_get_temp_dir(), 'mock_test_cert');
        rename($certFile, $certFile .= '.p12');
        try {
            $f = new CurlFactory(3);
            $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['cert' => $certFile]);
            self::assertArrayHasKey(\CURLOPT_SSLCERTTYPE, $_SERVER['_curl']);
            self::assertEquals('P12', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLCERTTYPE]);
        } finally {
            @\unlink($certFile);
        }
    }

    public function testValidatesProgress(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('progress client option must be callable');
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['progress' => 'foo']);
    }

    public function testUsesXferInfoFunctionForProgressWhenAvailable(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'progress' => static function (): void {
            },
        ]);

        try {
            if (\defined('CURLOPT_XFERINFOFUNCTION')) {
                self::assertArrayHasKey((int) \constant('CURLOPT_XFERINFOFUNCTION'), $_SERVER['_curl']);
                self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION, $_SERVER['_curl']);
            } else {
                self::assertArrayHasKey(\CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION, $_SERVER['_curl']);
            }
        } finally {
            $f->release($easy);
        }
    }

    public function testProgressReturnValueControlsCurlAbort(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $called = [];
        $easy = $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'progress' => static function (int $downloadTotal, int $downloadedBytes, int $uploadTotal, int $uploadedBytes) use (&$called): bool {
                $called = [$downloadTotal, $downloadedBytes, $uploadTotal, $uploadedBytes];

                return $downloadedBytes > 0;
            },
        ]);

        try {
            $callback = $_SERVER['_curl'][self::progressCallbackOption()];

            self::assertSame(0, $callback($easy->handle, 10.0, 0.0, 2.0, 0.0));
            self::assertFalse($easy->progressAborted);
            self::assertNull($easy->progressException);
            self::assertSame([10, 0, 2, 0], $called);

            self::assertSame(1, $callback($easy->handle, 10.0, 1.0, 2.0, 0.0));
            self::assertTrue($easy->progressAborted);
            self::assertNull($easy->progressException);
            self::assertSame([10, 1, 2, 0], $called);
        } finally {
            $f->release($easy);
        }
    }

    public function testProgressOverflowValueAbortsCurlTransfer(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'progress' => static function (): void {
                self::fail('Progress callback should not receive overflowing values');
            },
        ]);

        try {
            $callback = $_SERVER['_curl'][self::progressCallbackOption()];

            self::assertSame(1, $callback($easy->handle, \INF, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0));
            self::assertFalse($easy->progressAborted);
            self::assertInstanceOf(\OverflowException::class, $easy->progressException);
        } finally {
            $f->release($easy);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider curlHandlerProvider
     */
    public function testProgressTruthyReturnRejectsThroughCurlHandlers(callable $handlerFactory): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response(200, [], 'abc')]);
        $handler = $handlerFactory();

        try {
            $handler(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
                'progress' => static function (): bool {
                    return true;
                },
            ])->wait();

            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame('The transfer was aborted by the progress callback', $e->getMessage());
        } finally {
            Server::flush();

            if (\method_exists($handler, 'close')) {
                $handler->close();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider curlHandlerProvider
     */
    public function testProgressThrowableRejectsThroughCurlHandlers(callable $handlerFactory): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response(200, [], 'abc')]);
        $handler = $handlerFactory();
        $previous = new \Error('progress failed');

        try {
            $handler(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
                'progress' => static function () use ($previous): void {
                    throw $previous;
                },
            ])->wait();

            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame('An error was encountered during the progress event', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
        } finally {
            Server::flush();

            if (\method_exists($handler, 'close')) {
                $handler->close();
            }
        }
    }

    public function testProgressAbortRejectsWithRequestException(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'progress' => static function (): bool {
                return true;
            },
        ]);

        $callback = $_SERVER['_curl'][self::progressCallbackOption()];
        self::assertSame(1, $callback($easy->handle, 0, 0, 0, 0));
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK;

        try {
            CurlFactory::finish(
                static function (): void {
                },
                $easy,
                $factory
            )->wait();
            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame('The transfer was aborted by the progress callback', $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    public function testProgressThrowableRejectsWithRequestException(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $previous = new \Error('boom');
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'progress' => static function () use ($previous): void {
                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);

        $callback = $_SERVER['_curl'][self::progressCallbackOption()];
        self::assertSame(1, $callback($easy->handle, 0, 0, 0, 0));
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK;

        try {
            CurlFactory::finish(
                static function (): void {
                },
                $easy,
                $factory
            )->wait();
            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame('An error was encountered during the progress event', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
        }
    }

    public function testProgressExceptionWinsOverAbortMarker(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $previous = new \RuntimeException('boom');
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), []);
        $easy->progressAborted = true;
        $easy->progressException = $previous;
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK;

        try {
            CurlFactory::finish(
                static function (): void {
                },
                $easy,
                $factory
            )->wait();
            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame('An error was encountered during the progress event', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
        }
    }

    public function testAbortedByCallbackWithoutProgressMarkerUsesGenericCurlError(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), []);
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK;

        try {
            CurlFactory::finish(
                static function (): void {
                },
                $easy,
                $factory
            )->wait();
            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertStringStartsWith('cURL error '.\CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK.':', $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    public function testReleaseClearsXferInfoCallbackBeforeDiscardingHandle(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_XFERINFOFUNCTION')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_XFERINFOFUNCTION is not available.');
        }

        $option = (int) \constant('CURLOPT_XFERINFOFUNCTION');
        $curl = [];
        $prereqOption = null;

        if (\defined('CURLOPT_PREREQFUNCTION') && \defined('CURL_PREREQFUNC_OK')) {
            $prereqOption = (int) \constant('CURLOPT_PREREQFUNCTION');
            $ok = (int) \constant('CURL_PREREQFUNC_OK');
            $curl[$prereqOption] = static function () use ($ok): int {
                return $ok;
            };
        }

        $factory = new CurlFactory(0);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'progress' => static function (): void {
            },
            'curl' => $curl,
        ]);

        $factory->release($easy);

        self::assertArrayNotHasKey($option, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        if ($prereqOption !== null) {
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey($prereqOption, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        }
        self::assertSame([], self::readIdleHandles($factory));
    }

    public function testReleaseClearsXferInfoCallbackBeforeReusingHandle(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_XFERINFOFUNCTION')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_XFERINFOFUNCTION is not available.');
        }

        $option = (int) \constant('CURLOPT_XFERINFOFUNCTION');
        $curl = [];
        $prereqOption = null;

        if (\defined('CURLOPT_PREREQFUNCTION') && \defined('CURL_PREREQFUNC_OK')) {
            $prereqOption = (int) \constant('CURLOPT_PREREQFUNCTION');
            $ok = (int) \constant('CURL_PREREQFUNC_OK');
            $curl[$prereqOption] = static function () use ($ok): int {
                return $ok;
            };
        }

        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'progress' => static function (): void {
            },
            'curl' => $curl,
        ]);

        $factory->release($easy);

        self::assertArrayNotHasKey($option, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        if ($prereqOption !== null) {
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey($prereqOption, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        }
        self::assertCount(1, self::readIdleHandles($factory));
    }

    public function testEmitsDebugInfoToStream(): void
    {
        $res = \fopen('php://temp', 'r+');
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response()]);
        $a = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $response = $a(new Psr7\Request('HEAD', Server::$url), ['debug' => $res]);
        $response->wait();
        \rewind($res);
        $output = \str_replace("\r", '', \stream_get_contents($res));
        self::assertStringContainsString('> HEAD / HTTP/1.1', $output);
        self::assertStringContainsString('< HTTP/1.1 200', $output);
        \fclose($res);
    }

    public function testEmitsProgressToFunction(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response()]);
        $a = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $called = [];
        $request = new Psr7\Request('HEAD', Server::$url);
        $response = $a($request, [
            'progress' => static function (...$args) use (&$called): void {
                $called[] = $args;
            },
        ]);
        $response->wait();
        self::assertNotEmpty($called);
        foreach ($called as $call) {
            self::assertCount(4, $call);
        }
    }

    private function addDecodeResponse(bool $withEncoding = true): string
    {
        $content = \gzencode('test');
        $headers = ['Content-Length' => (string) \strlen($content)];
        if ($withEncoding) {
            $headers['Content-Encoding'] = 'gzip';
        }
        $response = new Psr7\Response(200, $headers, $content);
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([$response]);

        return $content;
    }

    public function testDecodesGzippedResponses(): void
    {
        $this->addDecodeResponse();
        $handler = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $response = $handler($request, ['decode_content' => true]);
        $response = $response->wait();
        self::assertEquals('test', (string) $response->getBody());
        self::assertEquals('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_ENCODING]);
        $sent = Server::received()[0];
        self::assertFalse($sent->hasHeader('Accept-Encoding'));
    }

    public function testReportsOriginalSizeAndContentEncodingAfterDecoding(): void
    {
        $this->addDecodeResponse();
        $handler = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $response = $handler($request, ['decode_content' => true]);
        $response = $response->wait();
        self::assertSame(
            'gzip',
            $response->getHeaderLine('x-encoded-content-encoding')
        );
        self::assertSame(
            \strlen(\gzencode('test')),
            (int) $response->getHeaderLine('x-encoded-content-length')
        );
    }

    public function testDecodesGzippedResponsesWithHeader(): void
    {
        $this->addDecodeResponse();
        $handler = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url, ['Accept-Encoding' => 'gzip']);
        $response = $handler($request, ['decode_content' => true]);
        $response = $response->wait();
        self::assertEquals('gzip', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_ENCODING]);
        $sent = Server::received()[0];
        self::assertEquals('gzip', $sent->getHeaderLine('Accept-Encoding'));
        self::assertEquals('test', (string) $response->getBody());
        self::assertFalse($response->hasHeader('content-encoding'));
        self::assertTrue(
            !$response->hasHeader('content-length')
            || $response->getHeaderLine('content-length') == $response->getBody()->getSize()
        );
    }

    public function testDecodesGzippedResponsesWithZeroHeader(): void
    {
        $this->addDecodeResponse();
        $handler = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url, ['Accept-Encoding' => '0']);
        $response = $handler($request, ['decode_content' => true]);
        $response = $response->wait();
        self::assertEquals('0', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_ENCODING]);
        $sent = Server::received()[0];
        self::assertEquals('0', $sent->getHeaderLine('Accept-Encoding'));
        self::assertEquals('test', (string) $response->getBody());
    }

    /**
     * https://github.com/guzzle/guzzle/issues/2799
     */
    public function testDecodesGzippedResponsesWithHeaderForHeadRequest(): void
    {
        $this->addDecodeResponse();
        $handler = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $request = new Psr7\Request('HEAD', Server::$url, ['Accept-Encoding' => 'gzip']);
        $response = $handler($request, ['decode_content' => true]);
        $response = $response->wait();
        self::assertEquals('gzip', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_ENCODING]);
        $sent = Server::received()[0];
        self::assertEquals('gzip', $sent->getHeaderLine('Accept-Encoding'));

        // Verify that the content-length matches the encoded size.
        self::assertTrue(
            !$response->hasHeader('content-length')
            || $response->getHeaderLine('content-length') == \strlen(\gzencode('test'))
        );
    }

    public function testDoesNotForceDecode(): void
    {
        $content = $this->addDecodeResponse();
        $handler = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $response = $handler($request, ['decode_content' => false]);
        $response = $response->wait();
        $sent = Server::received()[0];
        self::assertFalse($sent->hasHeader('Accept-Encoding'));
        self::assertEquals($content, (string) $response->getBody());
    }

    public function testProtocolVersion(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response()]);
        $a = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url, [], null, '1.0');
        $a($request, []);
        self::assertEquals(\CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_0, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
    }

    public function testSetsPipewaitForHttp2RequestsByDefault(): void
    {
        if (!CurlVersion::supportsHttp2() || !CurlVersion::supportsMultiplex()) {
            self::markTestSkipped('HTTP/2 or multiplex support is unavailable.');
        }

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '2.0'), []);

        try {
            self::assertSame(\CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_0, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
            self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][(int) \constant('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT')]);
        } finally {
            $factory->release($easy);
        }
    }

    public function testMultiplexEagerDisablesPipewait(): void
    {
        if (!CurlVersion::supportsHttp2() || !CurlVersion::supportsMultiplex()) {
            self::markTestSkipped('HTTP/2 or multiplex support is unavailable.');
        }

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '2.0'), [
            'multiplex' => Multiplexing::EAGER,
        ]);

        try {
            self::assertSame(\CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_0, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey((int) \constant('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT'), $_SERVER['_curl']);
        } finally {
            $factory->release($easy);
        }
    }

    public function testMultiplexIsInertForHttp11Requests(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['multiplex' => Multiplexing::WAIT]);

        try {
            if (\defined('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT')) {
                self::assertArrayNotHasKey((int) \constant('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT'), $_SERVER['_curl']);
            }
            self::assertSame(\CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
        } finally {
            $factory->release($easy);
        }
    }

    public function testHttp2RequiresMultiplexCapableLibcurl(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT') || !\defined('CURL_VERSION_HTTP2')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT or HTTP/2 cURL constants are unavailable.');
        }

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.65.1',
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature() | \CURL_VERSION_HTTP2,
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

            try {
                $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url, [], null, '2.0'), []);
                self::fail('Expected a RequestException for unsupported HTTP/2.');
            } catch (RequestException $e) {
                self::assertSame('HTTP/2 is supported by the cURL handler, however libcurl 7.65.2 or newer built with HTTP/2 support is required.', $e->getMessage());
            }

            self::setCurlVersionInfo([
                'version' => '7.65.2',
                'features' => self::curlSslFeature() | \CURL_VERSION_HTTP2,
            ]);
            $conf = self::getDefaultCurlConf(
                new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '2.0'),
                []
            );
            self::assertTrue($conf[(int) \constant('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT')]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testSetsPipewaitForHttp3Requests(): void
    {
        self::requireHttp3TestConstants();
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT is not available.');
        }

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.88.0',
            'features' => self::http3FeatureMask(true),
        ]);

        try {
            $conf = self::getDefaultCurlConf(
                new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'),
                []
            );

            self::assertSame((int) \constant('CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3'), $conf[\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
            self::assertTrue($conf[(int) \constant('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT')]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testDoesNotSetPipewaitWhenHttp3FallsBackToHttp11(): void
    {
        self::requireHttp3TestConstants();
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT is not available.');
        }

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.88.0',
            'features' => self::http3FeatureMask(false),
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
            $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'), [
                'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            ]);

            try {
                self::assertSame(\CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
                self::assertArrayNotHasKey((int) \constant('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT'), $_SERVER['_curl']);
            } finally {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testSetsPipewaitWhenProxiedHttp3ResolvesToHttp2(): void
    {
        self::requireHttp3TestConstants();
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT is not available.');
        }

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.88.0',
            'features' => self::http3FeatureMask(true),
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
            $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'), [
                'proxy' => ['https' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080'],
            ]);

            try {
                self::assertSame(\CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_0, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
                self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][(int) \constant('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT')]);
            } finally {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider invalidMultiplexProvider
     *
     * @param mixed $value
     */
    public function testRejectsInvalidMultiplexValues($value): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('The "multiplex" option must be null or a GuzzleHttp\\Multiplexing::* constant');

        $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['multiplex' => $value]);
    }

    public static function invalidMultiplexProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'bool true' => [true];
        yield 'bool false' => [false];
        yield 'int' => [1];
        yield 'unknown string' => ['always'];
    }

    public function testAllowsMultiplexNoneAsRequestOption(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        // Acceptance logic is handler-owned; the factory only validates the
        // value and never writes CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT for it.
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['multiplex' => Multiplexing::NONE]);

        try {
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT, $_SERVER['_curl']);
        } finally {
            $factory->release($easy);
        }
    }

    public static function requiredMultiplexProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'require_eager' => [Multiplexing::REQUIRE_EAGER];
        yield 'require_wait' => [Multiplexing::REQUIRE_WAIT];
    }

    public function testRequireWaitSetsHttp3OnlyForHttp3Requests(): void
    {
        self::requireHttp3TestConstants();
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT is not available.');
        }

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '8.13.0',
            'features' => self::http3FeatureMask(true),
        ]);

        try {
            $conf = self::getDefaultCurlConf(
                new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'),
                ['multiplex' => Multiplexing::REQUIRE_WAIT]
            );

            self::assertSame((int) \constant('CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3ONLY'), $conf[\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
            self::assertTrue($conf[(int) \constant('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT')]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testRequireEagerSetsHttp3OnlyWithoutPipewait(): void
    {
        self::requireHttp3TestConstants();
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT is not available.');
        }

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '8.13.0',
            'features' => self::http3FeatureMask(true),
        ]);

        try {
            $conf = self::getDefaultCurlConf(
                new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'),
                ['multiplex' => Multiplexing::REQUIRE_EAGER]
            );

            self::assertSame((int) \constant('CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3ONLY'), $conf[\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey((int) \constant('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT'), $conf);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider requiredMultiplexProvider
     */
    public function testRequireRejectsProxiedHttp3Requests(string $multiplex): void
    {
        self::requireHttp3TestConstants();

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '8.14.0',
            'features' => self::http3FeatureMask(true),
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

            $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('Required multiplexing cannot be guaranteed for HTTP/3 requests sent through a proxy.');

            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'), [
                'multiplex' => $multiplex,
                'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            ]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider requiredMultiplexProvider
     */
    public function testRequireRejectsUnsupportedHttp3Libcurl(string $multiplex): void
    {
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.88.0',
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature(),
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

            $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('Required multiplexing for HTTP/3 needs libcurl 8.13.0 or newer built with HTTP/3 support.');

            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'), [
                'multiplex' => $multiplex,
            ]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider requiredMultiplexProvider
     */
    public function testRequireRejectsHttp3LibcurlBelowRequiredMultiplexFloor(string $multiplex): void
    {
        self::requireHttp3TestConstants();

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '8.12.0',
            'features' => self::http3FeatureMask(true),
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

            $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('Required multiplexing for HTTP/3 needs libcurl 8.13.0 or newer built with HTTP/3 support.');

            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'), [
                'multiplex' => $multiplex,
            ]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testRequireWaitSetsPriorKnowledgeHttpVersion(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_PRIOR_KNOWLEDGE') || !\defined('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT') || !\defined('CURL_VERSION_HTTP2')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT or HTTP/2 cURL constants are unavailable.');
        }

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '8.14.0',
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature() | \CURL_VERSION_HTTP2,
        ]);

        try {
            self::withProxyEnvironment([], static function (): void {
                $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
                $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url, [], null, '2.0'), [
                    'multiplex' => Multiplexing::REQUIRE_WAIT,
                ]);

                try {
                    self::assertSame((int) \constant('CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_PRIOR_KNOWLEDGE'), $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
                    self::assertTrue($_SERVER['_curl'][(int) \constant('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT')]);
                } finally {
                    $factory->release($easy);
                }
            });
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testRequireEagerSetsPriorKnowledgeWithoutPipewait(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_PRIOR_KNOWLEDGE') || !\defined('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT') || !\defined('CURL_VERSION_HTTP2')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT or HTTP/2 cURL constants are unavailable.');
        }

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '8.14.0',
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature() | \CURL_VERSION_HTTP2,
        ]);

        try {
            self::withProxyEnvironment([], static function (): void {
                $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
                $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url, [], null, '2.0'), [
                    'multiplex' => Multiplexing::REQUIRE_EAGER,
                ]);

                try {
                    self::assertSame((int) \constant('CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_PRIOR_KNOWLEDGE'), $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
                    self::assertArrayNotHasKey((int) \constant('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT'), $_SERVER['_curl']);
                } finally {
                    $factory->release($easy);
                }
            });
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public static function requiredMultiplexNtlmAuthProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'require_eager with ntlm' => [Multiplexing::REQUIRE_EAGER, \CURLAUTH_NTLM];
        yield 'require_wait with ntlm' => [Multiplexing::REQUIRE_WAIT, \CURLAUTH_NTLM];
        yield 'require_eager with ntlm in a mask' => [Multiplexing::REQUIRE_EAGER, \CURLAUTH_NTLM | \CURLAUTH_BASIC];
        yield 'require_eager with any' => [Multiplexing::REQUIRE_EAGER, \CURLAUTH_ANY];
        yield 'require_wait with anysafe' => [Multiplexing::REQUIRE_WAIT, \CURLAUTH_ANYSAFE];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider requiredMultiplexNtlmAuthProvider
     */
    public function testRequireRejectsNtlmAuthMasks(string $multiplex, int $auth): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_PRIOR_KNOWLEDGE') || !\defined('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT') || !\defined('CURL_VERSION_HTTP2')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT or HTTP/2 cURL constants are unavailable.');
        }

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '8.14.0',
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature() | \CURL_VERSION_HTTP2,
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

            // libcurl retries NTLM over HTTP/1.1 even on TLS routes, and the
            // server controls which scheme an offered mask ends up picking.
            $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('The "multiplex" request option cannot be required when the final CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH cURL option value permits NTLM');

            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '2.0'), [
                'multiplex' => $multiplex,
                'curl' => [\CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH => $auth],
            ]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public static function requiredMultiplexAllowedAuthProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'basic' => [\CURLAUTH_BASIC];
        yield 'digest' => [\CURLAUTH_DIGEST];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider requiredMultiplexAllowedAuthProvider
     */
    public function testRequireAllowsNtlmFreeAuthMasks(int $auth): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_PRIOR_KNOWLEDGE') || !\defined('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT') || !\defined('CURL_VERSION_HTTP2')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT or HTTP/2 cURL constants are unavailable.');
        }

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '8.14.0',
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature() | \CURL_VERSION_HTTP2,
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
            $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '2.0'), [
                'multiplex' => Multiplexing::REQUIRE_EAGER,
                'curl' => [\CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH => $auth],
            ]);

            try {
                self::assertSame($auth, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH]);
            } finally {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testRequireRejectsNonIntegerAuthMask(): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_PRIOR_KNOWLEDGE') || !\defined('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT') || !\defined('CURL_VERSION_HTTP2')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT or HTTP/2 cURL constants are unavailable.');
        }

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '8.14.0',
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature() | \CURL_VERSION_HTTP2,
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

            $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('The "multiplex" request option cannot be required when the final CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH cURL option value is not an integer.');

            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '2.0'), [
                'multiplex' => Multiplexing::REQUIRE_EAGER,
                'curl' => [\CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH => [\CURLAUTH_NTLM]],
            ]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testNonRequiredMultiplexAllowsRawNtlmAuth(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'curl' => [\CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH => \CURLAUTH_NTLM | \CURLAUTH_BASIC],
        ]);

        try {
            self::assertSame(\CURLAUTH_NTLM | \CURLAUTH_BASIC, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH]);
        } finally {
            $factory->release($easy);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider requiredMultiplexProvider
     */
    public function testRequireRejectsHttp11Requests(string $multiplex): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('The "multiplex" request option cannot be required for HTTP/1.1 requests; use protocol version 2 or 3.');

        $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url, [], null, '1.1'), [
            'multiplex' => $multiplex,
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider requiredMultiplexProvider
     */
    public function testRequireRejectsUnsupportedLibcurl(string $multiplex): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURL_VERSION_HTTP2')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('HTTP/2 cURL constants are unavailable.');
        }

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '8.13.0',
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature() | \CURL_VERSION_HTTP2,
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

            $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('Required multiplexing needs libcurl 8.14.0 or newer built with HTTP/2 support.');

            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url, [], null, '2.0'), [
                'multiplex' => $multiplex,
            ]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider requiredMultiplexProvider
     */
    public function testRequireRejectsLibcurlWithoutHttp2(string $multiplex): void
    {
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '8.14.0',
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature(),
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

            $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
            $this->expectExceptionMessage('Required multiplexing needs libcurl 8.14.0 or newer built with HTTP/2 support.');

            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url, [], null, '2.0'), [
                'multiplex' => $multiplex,
            ]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider requiredMultiplexProvider
     */
    public function testRequireRejectsCleartextProxiedRequests(string $multiplex): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_PRIOR_KNOWLEDGE') || !\defined('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT') || !\defined('CURL_VERSION_HTTP2')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PIPEWAIT or HTTP/2 cURL constants are unavailable.');
        }

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '8.14.0',
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature() | \CURL_VERSION_HTTP2,
        ]);

        try {
            self::withProxyEnvironment(['http_proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8125'], function () use ($multiplex): void {
                $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

                $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
                $this->expectExceptionMessage('Required multiplexing cannot be guaranteed for cleartext requests sent through a proxy.');

                $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url, [], null, '2.0'), [
                    'multiplex' => $multiplex,
                ]);
            });
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testRejectsEmptyProtocolVersion(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $request = self::requestWithProtocolVersion('');

        try {
            $factory->create($request, []);
            self::fail('Expected request exception.');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertSame('HTTP protocol version must not be empty.', $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    public function testRejectsMalformedProtocolVersion(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $request = self::requestWithProtocolVersion('HTTP/1.1');

        try {
            $factory->create($request, []);
            self::fail('Expected request exception.');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertSame('HTTP protocol version must be a valid HTTP version number.', $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    public function testThrowsWhenHttp2IsUnsupported(): void
    {
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.88.0',
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature(),
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
            $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url, [], null, '2.0');

            try {
                $factory->create($request, []);
                self::fail('Expected request exception.');
            } catch (RequestException $e) {
                self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
                self::assertStringContainsString('HTTP/2 is supported by the cURL handler', $e->getMessage());
            }
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testThrowsWhenHttp3IsUnsupported(): void
    {
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.88.0',
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature(),
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
            $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url, [], null, '3.0');

            try {
                $factory->create($request, []);
                self::fail('Expected request exception.');
            } catch (RequestException $e) {
                self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
                self::assertStringContainsString('HTTP/3 is supported by the cURL handler', $e->getMessage());
            }
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider http3ProtocolVersionProvider
     */
    public function testMapsHttp3ProtocolVersionToCurlOption(string $protocolVersion): void
    {
        if (!\defined('CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('HTTP/3 cURL constants are not available.');
        }

        $conf = self::getDefaultCurlConf(
            new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, $protocolVersion),
            []
        );

        self::assertSame((int) \constant('CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3'), $conf[\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
    }

    public function testHttp3WithEffectiveProxyFallsBackToHttp2WhenSupported(): void
    {
        self::requireHttp3TestConstants();

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.88.0',
            'features' => self::http3FeatureMask(true),
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'), [
                'multiplex' => Multiplexing::EAGER,
                'proxy' => ['https' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080'],
            ]);

            self::assertSame('http://proxy.example.com:8080', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
            self::assertSame(\CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_0, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
            self::assertSame(\CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_2, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testHttp3WithStringProxyFallsBackToHttp2WhenSupported(): void
    {
        self::requireHttp3TestConstants();

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.88.0',
            'features' => self::http3FeatureMask(true),
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'), [
                'multiplex' => Multiplexing::EAGER,
                'proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
            ]);

            self::assertSame('http://proxy.example.com:8080', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
            self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
            self::assertSame(\CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_0, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testHttp3WithEnvironmentProxyFallsBackToHttp2WhenSupported(): void
    {
        self::requireHttp3TestConstants();

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.88.0',
            'features' => self::http3FeatureMask(true),
        ]);

        try {
            self::withProxyEnvironment(['https_proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080'], static function (): void {
                $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
                $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'), ['multiplex' => Multiplexing::EAGER]);

                self::assertSame('http://proxy.example.com:8080', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROXY]);
                self::assertSame('', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_NOPROXY]);
                self::assertSame(\CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_0, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
            });
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testHttp3IsKeptWhenEnvironmentNoProxyExcludesTheTarget(): void
    {
        self::requireHttp3TestConstants();

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.88.0',
            'features' => self::http3FeatureMask(true),
        ]);

        try {
            self::withProxyEnvironment([
                'https_proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
                'NO_PROXY' => 'example.com',
            ], static function (): void {
                // Asserted on the default conf, like the other keep-HTTP/3
                // tests: applying CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3 to a real handle fails
                // on libcurl builds without HTTP/3 support.
                $conf = self::getDefaultCurlConf(
                    new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'),
                    []
                );

                self::assertSame((int) \constant('CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3'), $conf[\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
            });
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testHttp3WithEffectiveProxyFallsBackToHttp11WhenHttp2IsUnsupported(): void
    {
        self::requireHttp3TestConstants();

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.88.0',
            'features' => self::http3FeatureMask(false),
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'), [
                'proxy' => ['https' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080'],
            ]);

            self::assertSame(\CURL_HTTP_VERSION_1_1, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
            self::assertSame(\CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_2, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testHttp3WithMatchingNoProxyKeepsHttp3(): void
    {
        self::requireHttp3TestConstants();

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.88.0',
            'features' => self::http3FeatureMask(true),
        ]);

        try {
            $conf = self::getDefaultCurlConf(
                new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'),
                [
                    'proxy' => [
                        'https' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080',
                        'no' => ['example.com'],
                    ],
                ]
            );

            self::assertSame((int) \constant('CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3'), $conf[\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testHttp3WithMatchingNoListWithoutSchemeKeyKeepsHttp3(): void
    {
        self::requireHttp3TestConstants();

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.88.0',
            'features' => self::http3FeatureMask(true),
        ]);

        try {
            // The environment proxy is what makes this discriminate: without
            // it, no proxy applies either way and HTTP/3 is trivially kept.
            self::withProxyEnvironment(['https_proxy' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080'], static function (): void {
                $conf = self::getDefaultCurlConf(
                    new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'),
                    ['proxy' => ['no' => ['example.com']]]
                );

                self::assertSame((int) \constant('CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3'), $conf[\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
            });
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testHttp3WithEmptyProxyOptionKeepsHttp3(): void
    {
        self::requireHttp3TestConstants();

        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.88.0',
            'features' => self::http3FeatureMask(true),
        ]);

        try {
            $conf = self::getDefaultCurlConf(
                new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'),
                ['proxy' => '']
            );

            self::assertSame((int) \constant('CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3'), $conf[\CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION]);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    public function testHttp3WithProxyStillRequiresHttp3SupportBeforeDowngrade(): void
    {
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => '7.88.0',
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature(),
        ]);

        try {
            $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
            $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0');

            try {
                $factory->create($request, [
                    'proxy' => ['https' => 'http://proxy.example.com:8080'],
                ]);
                self::fail('Expected request exception.');
            } catch (RequestException $e) {
                self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
                self::assertStringContainsString('HTTP/3 is supported by the cURL handler', $e->getMessage());
            }
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider http3WeakCryptoMethodProvider
     */
    public function testHttp3UpgradesWeakCryptoMethodToTls12Minimum(int $cryptoMethod): void
    {
        if (!CurlVersion::supportsHttp3()) {
            self::markTestSkipped('HTTP/3 is not supported by this cURL installation.');
        }

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'), [
            'crypto_method' => $cryptoMethod,
        ]);

        self::assertSame(\CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_2, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION]);
    }

    public function testHttp3PreservesExplicitTls13CryptoMethod(): void
    {
        if (!CurlVersion::supportsHttp3() || !CurlVersion::supportsTls13()) {
            self::markTestSkipped('HTTP/3 with explicit TLS 1.3 is not supported by this cURL installation.');
        }

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'), [
            'crypto_method' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_3_CLIENT,
        ]);

        self::assertSame(\CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_3, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION]);
    }

    public function testHttp3DefaultsHttpsToTls12Minimum(): void
    {
        if (!CurlVersion::supportsHttp3()) {
            self::markTestSkipped('HTTP/3 is not supported by this cURL installation.');
        }

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'), []);

        self::assertSame(\CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_2, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION]);
    }

    public function testHttp3RejectsCryptoMethodMaxBelowTls12(): void
    {
        if (!CurlVersion::supportsHttp3()) {
            self::markTestSkipped('HTTP/3 is not supported by this cURL installation.');
        }

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 require TLS 1.2 or higher');

        $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'), [
            'crypto_method_max' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_1_CLIENT,
        ]);
    }

    public function testHttp3AllowsCryptoMethodMaxTls12(): void
    {
        if (!CurlVersion::supportsHttp3() || !\defined('CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_2')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('HTTP/3 or TLS 1.2 maximum is not supported by this cURL installation.');
        }

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'), [
            'crypto_method_max' => \STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_2_CLIENT,
        ]);

        self::assertSame(
            \CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_2 | \CURL_SSLVERSION_MAX_TLSv1_2,
            $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION]
        );
    }

    public function testHttp3ValidatesCryptoMethodInvalidMethod(): void
    {
        if (!CurlVersion::supportsHttp3()) {
            self::markTestSkipped('HTTP/3 is not supported by this cURL installation.');
        }

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Invalid crypto_method request option: unknown version provided');

        $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'), [
            'crypto_method' => 123,
        ]);
    }

    public function testHttp3RejectsRawCurlSslVersionOption(): void
    {
        if (!CurlVersion::supportsHttp3()) {
            self::markTestSkipped('HTTP/3 is not supported by this cURL installation.');
        }

        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        try {
            $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'https://example.com', [], null, '3.0'), [
                'curl' => [\CURLOPT_SSLVERSION => \CURL_SSLVERSION_TLSv1_2],
            ]);
            self::fail('Expected an InvalidArgumentException for raw CURLOPT_SSLVERSION.');
        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
            self::assertStringContainsString('CURLOPT_SSLVERSION', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertStringContainsString('crypto_method_max', $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    public static function http3ProtocolVersionProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            ['3'],
            ['3.0'],
        ];
    }

    public static function http3WeakCryptoMethodProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            [\STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_0_CLIENT],
            [\STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_1_CLIENT],
            [\STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLSv1_2_CLIENT],
        ];
    }

    public function testSavesToStream(): void
    {
        $stream = \fopen('php://memory', 'r+');
        $this->addDecodeResponse();
        $handler = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $response = $handler($request, [
            'decode_content' => true,
            'sink' => $stream,
        ]);
        $response->wait();
        \rewind($stream);
        self::assertEquals('test', \stream_get_contents($stream));
    }

    public function testDoesNotCloseResourceSinkWhenResponseIsDestroyed(): void
    {
        $stream = (function () {
            $stream = \tmpfile();
            self::assertIsResource($stream);

            $this->addDecodeResponse();
            $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
            $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
            $response = $handler($request, [
                'decode_content' => true,
                'sink' => $stream,
            ])->wait();

            self::assertSame(200, $response->getStatusCode());

            return $stream;
        })();

        \gc_collect_cycles();

        try {
            self::assertIsResource($stream);
            \rewind($stream);
            self::assertSame('test', \stream_get_contents($stream));
        } finally {
            if (\is_resource($stream)) {
                \fclose($stream);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testDoesNotCloseResourceSinkWhenResponseBodyIsClosed(): void
    {
        $stream = \tmpfile();
        self::assertIsResource($stream);

        try {
            $this->addDecodeResponse();
            $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
            $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
            $response = $handler($request, [
                'decode_content' => true,
                'sink' => $stream,
            ])->wait();

            $response->getBody()->close();

            self::assertIsResource($stream);
            \rewind($stream);
            self::assertSame('test', \stream_get_contents($stream));
        } finally {
            if (\is_resource($stream)) {
                \fclose($stream);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testSavesToGuzzleStream(): void
    {
        $stream = Psr7\Utils::streamFor();
        $this->addDecodeResponse();
        $handler = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $response = $handler($request, [
            'decode_content' => true,
            'sink' => $stream,
        ]);
        $response->wait();
        self::assertEquals('test', (string) $stream);
    }

    public function testSavesToFileOnDisk(): void
    {
        $tmpfile = \tempnam(\sys_get_temp_dir(), 'testfile');

        try {
            $this->addDecodeResponse();
            $handler = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
            $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
            $response = $handler($request, [
                'decode_content' => true,
                'sink' => $tmpfile,
            ]);
            $response->wait();
            self::assertStringEqualsFile($tmpfile, 'test');
        } finally {
            @\unlink($tmpfile);
        }
    }

    public function testDoesNotAddMultipleContentLengthHeaders(): void
    {
        $this->addDecodeResponse();
        $handler = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, ['Content-Length' => '3'], 'foo');
        $response = $handler($request, []);
        $response->wait();
        $sent = Server::received()[0];
        self::assertEquals(3, $sent->getHeaderLine('Content-Length'));
        self::assertFalse($sent->hasHeader('Transfer-Encoding'));
        self::assertEquals('foo', (string) $sent->getBody());
    }

    public function testSendsPostWithNoBodyOrDefaultContentType(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response()]);
        $handler = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $request = new Psr7\Request('POST', Server::$url);
        $response = $handler($request, []);
        $response->wait();
        $received = Server::received()[0];
        self::assertEquals('POST', $received->getMethod());
        self::assertFalse($received->hasHeader('content-type'));
        self::assertSame('0', $received->getHeaderLine('content-length'));
    }

    public function testFailsWhenCannotRewindRetryAfterNoResponse(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $stream = Psr7\Utils::streamFor('abc');
        $stream->read(1);
        $stream = new Psr7\NoSeekStream($stream);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $stream);
        $fn = static function (RequestInterface $request, array $options) use (&$fn, $factory): P\PromiseInterface {
            $easy = $factory->create($request, $options);

            return CurlFactory::finish($fn, $easy, $factory);
        };

        $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('but attempting to rewind the request body failed');
        $fn($request, [])->wait();
    }

    public function testRetriesWhenBodyCanBeRewound(): void
    {
        $callHandler = $called = false;

        $fn = static function (RequestInterface $r, array $options) use (&$callHandler): P\PromiseInterface {
            $callHandler = true;

            return P\Create::promiseFor(new Psr7\Response());
        };

        $bd = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('test'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
            'tell' => static function (): int {
                return 1;
            },
            'rewind' => static function () use (&$called): void {
                $called = true;
            },
        ]);

        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $req = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $bd);
        $easy = $factory->create($req, []);
        $res = CurlFactory::finish($fn, $easy, $factory);
        $res = $res->wait();
        self::assertTrue($callHandler);
        self::assertTrue($called);
        self::assertEquals('200', $res->getStatusCode());
    }

    public function testFailsWhenRetryMoreThanThreeTimes(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $call = 0;
        $fn = static function (RequestInterface $request, array $options) use (&$mock, &$call, $factory): P\PromiseInterface {
            ++$call;
            $easy = $factory->create($request, $options);

            return CurlFactory::finish($mock, $easy, $factory);
        };
        $mock = new Handler\MockHandler([$fn, $fn, $fn]);
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('test'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
        ]);
        $p = $mock(new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body), []);
        $p->wait(false);
        self::assertEquals(3, $call);

        $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('The cURL request was retried 3 times');
        $p->wait(true);
    }

    /**
     * Regression coverage for the CURLE_SEND_FAIL_REWIND (errno 65) arm of
     * shouldRetryFailedRewind()/retryFailedRewind(). libcurl returns errno 65
     * when it must rewind an already-partially-sent upload body (after a
     * redirect, multi-pass auth, or a dead reused connection) but cannot,
     * because PHP exposes no seek callback for a streamed request body
     * (https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=47204). Guzzle works around this by
     * rewinding the PSR-7 body itself and re-issuing the request when the
     * transfer died without a response; a challenge-response rewind failure
     * fails fast instead (see
     * testDoesNotRetryFailedRewindWhenChallengeResponseWasReceived).
     *
     * Until this commit the errno === 0 arm was covered
     * (testRetriesWhenBodyCanBeRewound, testFailsWhenRetryMoreThanThreeTimes)
     * but the errno === 65 arm had none, so a regression in it would have
     * passed CI unnoticed.
     *
     * This test and testFailsAfterThreeRetriesOnFailedRewindErrno may be
     * removed once Guzzle registers a CURLOPT_SEEKFUNCTION for streamed bodies
     * so libcurl can rewind natively and never surfaces errno 65 for a seekable
     * body. That requires PHP to expose CURLOPT_SEEKFUNCTION (it does not as of
     * PHP 8.4) and a minimum PHP/libcurl version that includes it.
     */
    public function testRetriesWhenCurlReportsFailedRewindErrno(): void
    {
        $rewound = false;
        $handlerCalled = false;

        $handler = static function (RequestInterface $request, array $options) use (&$handlerCalled): P\PromiseInterface {
            $handlerCalled = true;

            return P\Create::promiseFor(new Psr7\Response());
        };

        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('test'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
            'tell' => static function (): int {
                return 1;
            },
            'rewind' => static function () use (&$rewound): void {
                $rewound = true;
            },
        ]);

        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        // Reset the flag so the assertion below observes the retry's rewind,
        // not the rewind applyBody() performs while creating the handle.
        $rewound = false;
        // Simulate libcurl returning errno 65 (failed rewind) and no response.
        $easy->errno = 65;
        $easy->response = null;

        $response = CurlFactory::finish($handler, $easy, $factory)->wait();

        self::assertTrue($rewound, 'The request body should have been rewound before retrying');
        self::assertTrue($handlerCalled, 'The request should have been retried');
        self::assertSame(200, $response->getStatusCode());
    }

    /**
     * Companion to testRetriesWhenCurlReportsFailedRewindErrno: when libcurl
     * keeps reporting CURLE_SEND_FAIL_REWIND (errno 65) the retry is bounded to
     * three attempts before giving up, mirroring
     * testFailsWhenRetryMoreThanThreeTimes for the errno === 0 arm. See that
     * test's docblock for the removal conditions that apply to both errno-65
     * tests.
     */
    public function testFailsAfterThreeRetriesOnFailedRewindErrno(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $calls = 0;
        $handler = static function (RequestInterface $request, array $options) use (&$mock, &$calls, $factory): P\PromiseInterface {
            ++$calls;
            $easy = $factory->create($request, $options);
            // Each attempt reports a failed rewind (errno 65) with no response.
            $easy->errno = 65;
            $easy->response = null;

            return CurlFactory::finish($mock, $easy, $factory);
        };
        $mock = new Handler\MockHandler([$handler, $handler, $handler]);
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('test'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
        ]);
        $promise = $mock(new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body), []);
        $promise->wait(false);
        self::assertSame(3, $calls);

        $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('The cURL request was retried 3 times');
        $promise->wait(true);
    }

    /**
     * Companion boundary to the errno-65 retry tests: when the failed rewind
     * was demanded by a challenge response, re-issuing the identical request
     * replays the same challenge, so the transfer fails on the first attempt
     * with the challenge response attached instead of being retried.
     */
    public function testDoesNotRetryFailedRewindWhenChallengeResponseWasReceived(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $handlerCalled = false;
        $handler = static function () use (&$handlerCalled): P\PromiseInterface {
            $handlerCalled = true;

            return P\Create::promiseFor(new Psr7\Response());
        };
        $response = new Psr7\Response(401, ['WWW-Authenticate' => 'Digest realm="fixture"']);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], 'test'), []);
        // Simulate libcurl failing to rewind (errno 65) after receiving a
        // challenge response.
        $easy->errno = 65;
        $easy->response = $response;

        try {
            CurlFactory::finish($handler, $easy, $factory)->wait();

            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            self::assertSame($response, $e->getResponse());
            self::assertStringContainsString('cURL error 65', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertStringContainsString('The request was not retried because a retry replays the same challenge', $e->getMessage());
        }

        self::assertFalse($handlerCalled, 'The request must not be retried when a challenge response was received');
    }

    /**
     * End-to-end companion to
     * testDoesNotRetryFailedRewindWhenChallengeResponseWasReceived: a real
     * transfer whose streamed body must be rewound to answer an
     * authentication challenge fails on the first attempt with the challenge
     * response attached, because libcurl has no way to rewind a streamed
     * request body. The node server's digest firewall drains the body before
     * challenging, then rejects the request until libcurl authenticates.
     */
    public function testStreamedUploadFailsFastOnChallengeRewind(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([]);

        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();

        $payload = \str_repeat('a', 1000000);
        $statsCalls = 0;
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url.'secure/by-digest/qop-auth/echo', ['Content-Length' => (string) \strlen($payload)], Psr7\Utils::streamFor($payload));

        try {
            $handler($request, [
                'curl' => [
                    \CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH => \CURLAUTH_ANY,
                    \CURLOPT_USERPWD => 'me:test',
                ],
                'on_stats' => static function () use (&$statsCalls): void {
                    ++$statsCalls;
                },
            ])->wait();

            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            self::assertSame(401, $e->getResponse()->getStatusCode());
            self::assertStringContainsString('The request was not retried because a retry replays the same challenge', $e->getMessage());
        }

        self::assertSame(1, $statsCalls, 'The transfer should have failed on the first attempt');
        self::assertSame([], Server::received(), 'No request should have passed the digest firewall');
    }

    public function testHandles100Continue(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, ['Test' => 'Hello', 'Content-Length' => '4'], 'test'),
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [
            'Expect' => '100-Continue',
        ], 'test');
        $handler = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $response = $handler($request, [])->wait();
        self::assertSame(200, $response->getStatusCode());
        self::assertSame('OK', $response->getReasonPhrase());
        self::assertSame('Hello', $response->getHeaderLine('Test'));
        self::assertSame('4', $response->getHeaderLine('Content-Length'));
        self::assertSame('test', (string) $response->getBody());
    }

    public static function curlConnectionErrorProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'resolve proxy' => [5];
        yield 'resolve host' => [6];
        yield 'connect' => [7];
        yield 'ssl connect' => [35];
        yield 'old peer verification' => [51];
        yield 'ssl cacert / peer verification' => [60];
        yield 'ssl issuer' => [83];
        yield 'ssl pinned public key mismatch' => [90];
        yield 'ssl invalid cert status' => [91];
        yield 'quic connect' => [96];
        yield 'proxy handshake' => [97];
        yield 'ssl client cert' => [98];
        yield 'ech required' => [101];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider curlConnectionErrorProvider
     */
    public function testCreatesConnectExceptionForConnectionErrors(int $errno): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        $easy->errno = $errno;
        $response = CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $easy,
            $factory
        );

        try {
            $response->wait();
            self::fail('Expected ConnectException');
        } catch (ConnectTimeoutException $e) {
            self::fail('Expected non-timeout ConnectException');
        } catch (ConnectException $e) {
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
        }
    }

    public static function curlNetworkErrorWithoutResponseProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'http2 framing' => [16];
        yield 'got nothing' => [52];
        yield 'send' => [55];
        yield 'receive' => [56];
        yield 'http2 stream' => [92];
        yield 'http3' => [95];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider curlNetworkErrorWithoutResponseProvider
     */
    public function testCreatesNetworkExceptionForNetworkErrorsWithoutResponse(int $errno): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        $easy->errno = $errno;
        $easy->response = null;

        $promise = CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $easy,
            $factory
        );

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected NetworkException');
        } catch (ConnectTimeoutException $e) {
            self::fail('Expected non-timeout NetworkException');
        } catch (NetworkTimeoutException $e) {
            self::fail('Expected non-timeout NetworkException');
        } catch (NetworkException $e) {
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ConnectException::class, $e);
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
        }
    }

    public function testInterimResponseFollowedByEmptyReplyIsNetworkException(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        $easy->headers = ['HTTP/1.1 103 Early Hints', 'Link: </a.css>; rel=preload'];
        $easy->createResponse();
        self::assertNull($easy->response);
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_GOT_NOTHING;

        $promise = CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $easy,
            $factory
        );

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected NetworkException');
        } catch (NetworkException $e) {
            self::assertInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
        }
    }

    public function testInterimResponseFollowedByRecvErrorIsNetworkException(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        $easy->headers = ['HTTP/1.1 100 Continue'];
        $easy->createResponse();
        self::assertNull($easy->response);
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_RECV_ERROR;

        $promise = CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $easy,
            $factory
        );

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected NetworkException');
        } catch (NetworkException $e) {
            self::assertInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider curlNetworkErrorWithoutResponseProvider
     */
    public function testNetworkErrorsWithResponseCreateResponseTransferExceptions(int $errno): void
    {
        $this->assertCurlErrorWithResponseCreatesResponseTransferException($errno);
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider curlConnectionErrorProvider
     */
    public function testConnectionErrorsWithResponseCreateResponseTransferExceptions(int $errno): void
    {
        $this->assertCurlErrorWithResponseCreatesResponseTransferException($errno);
    }

    private function assertCurlErrorWithResponseCreatesResponseTransferException(int $errno): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $response = new Psr7\Response(200);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        $easy->errno = $errno;
        $easy->response = $response;

        $promise = CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $easy,
            $factory
        );

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected ResponseTransferException');
        } catch (ResponseTransferException $e) {
            self::assertInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame($response, $e->getResponse());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider curlResponseTransferErrorProvider
     */
    public function testResponseTransferCurlErrorsWithResponseCreateResponseTransferExceptions(int $errno): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $response = new Psr7\Response(200);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        $easy->errno = $errno;
        $easy->response = $response;

        $promise = CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $easy,
            $factory
        );

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected ResponseTransferException');
        } catch (ResponseTransferException $e) {
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame($response, $e->getResponse());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider unrepresentableResponseContentLengthProvider
     */
    public function testUnrepresentableResponseContentLengthCreatesResponseException(bool $decodeContent): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $stats = null;
        $exception = null;
        $options = [
            'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $transferStats) use (&$stats): void {
                $stats = $transferStats;
            },
        ];
        if ($decodeContent) {
            $options['decode_content'] = true;
        }

        $easy = $factory->create($request, $options);
        $overflow = ((string) \PHP_INT_MAX).'0';
        $headers = [
            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
            "Content-Length: {$overflow}\r\n",
        ];
        if ($decodeContent) {
            $headers[] = "Content-Encoding: gzip\r\n";
        }

        $header = self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, $headers);
        self::assertSame(-1, $header($easy->handle, "\r\n"));
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_WRITE_ERROR;

        try {
            self::finishEasy($easy, $factory);

            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            $exception = $e;
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $e);
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame(200, $e->getResponse()->getStatusCode());
            self::assertSame('Content-Length exceeds the maximum integer size supported on this platform', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertInstanceOf(\OverflowException::class, $e->getPrevious());
        }

        self::assertInstanceOf(TransferStats::class, $stats);
        self::assertTrue($stats->hasResponse());
        self::assertSame($exception, $stats->getHandlerErrorData());
    }

    public static function unrepresentableResponseContentLengthProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'identity' => [false];
        yield 'decoded' => [true];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider unrepresentableResponseContentLengthProvider
     */
    public function testUnrepresentableResponseContentLengthPreventsOnHeaders(bool $decodeContent): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $onHeadersCalled = false;
        $options = [
            'on_headers' => static function () use (&$onHeadersCalled): void {
                $onHeadersCalled = true;
            },
        ];
        if ($decodeContent) {
            $options['decode_content'] = true;
        }

        $easy = $factory->create($request, $options);
        $overflow = ((string) \PHP_INT_MAX).'0';
        $headers = [
            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
            "Content-Length: {$overflow}\r\n",
        ];
        if ($decodeContent) {
            $headers[] = "Content-Encoding: gzip\r\n";
        }

        $header = self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, $headers);
        self::assertSame(-1, $header($easy->handle, "\r\n"));
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_WRITE_ERROR;

        try {
            self::finishEasy($easy, $factory);

            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            self::assertSame('Content-Length exceeds the maximum integer size supported on this platform', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertInstanceOf(\OverflowException::class, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $e);
        }

        self::assertFalse($onHeadersCalled);
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider invalidResponseFramingProvider
     *
     * @param list<string> $headers
     */
    public function testRejectsInvalidResponseFramingBeforeOnHeaders(array $headers, string $expectedMessage): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $onHeadersCalled = false;
        $stats = null;
        $exception = null;
        $easy = $factory->create($request, [
            'decode_content' => true,
            'on_headers' => static function () use (&$onHeadersCalled): void {
                $onHeadersCalled = true;
            },
            'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $transferStats) use (&$stats): void {
                $stats = $transferStats;
            },
        ]);

        $header = self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, $headers);
        self::assertSame(-1, $header($easy->handle, "\r\n"));
        self::assertInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $easy->responseHeaderException);
        self::assertSame($expectedMessage, $easy->responseHeaderException->getMessage());
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_WRITE_ERROR;

        try {
            self::finishEasy($easy, $factory);
            self::fail('Expected ResponseTransferException');
        } catch (ResponseTransferException $e) {
            $exception = $e;
            self::assertSame($easy->responseHeaderException, $e);
            self::assertSame(200, $e->getResponse()->getStatusCode());
            self::assertTrue($e->getResponse()->getBody()->isReadable());
            self::assertSame('', $e->getResponse()->getBody()->getContents());
        }

        self::assertFalse($onHeadersCalled);
        self::assertInstanceOf(TransferStats::class, $stats);
        self::assertInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $exception);
        self::assertSame($exception, $stats->getHandlerErrorData());
        self::assertSame($exception->getResponse(), $stats->getResponse());
    }

    public static function invalidResponseFramingProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'malformed content length' => [
            ["HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n", "Content-Length: three\r\n"],
            'Invalid Content-Length response header: value is not a non-negative decimal integer',
        ];
        yield 'conflicting mixed-case content length' => [
            ["HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n", "Content-Length: 3\r\n", "content-length: 5\r\n"],
            'Invalid Content-Length response header: values conflict',
        ];
        yield 'content length and transfer encoding' => [
            [
                "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
                "Content-Encoding: gzip\r\n",
                "Content-Length: 0\r\n",
                "Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n",
            ],
            'A response must not contain both Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding',
        ];
    }

    public function testResponseBodyByteCountOverflowCreatesResponseException(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $response = new Psr7\Response(200);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        $write = $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION];
        $easy->response = $response;
        $easy->responseBodyBytes = \PHP_INT_MAX - 1;

        self::assertSame(0, $write($easy->handle, 'ab'));
        self::assertInstanceOf(\OverflowException::class, $easy->responseBodySizeException);

        try {
            self::finishEasy($easy, $factory);

            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $e);
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame($response, $e->getResponse());
            self::assertSame($easy->responseBodySizeException, $e->getPrevious());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param list<string> $headers
     */
    private static function receiveCurlHeaders(EasyHandle $easy, array $headers): callable
    {
        $header = $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION];

        foreach ($headers as $line) {
            self::assertSame(\strlen($line), $header($easy->handle, $line));
        }

        return $header;
    }

    private static function finishEasy(EasyHandle $easy, CurlFactory $factory): void
    {
        CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $easy,
            $factory
        )->wait();
    }

    /**
     * @param array<int, string> $events
     */
    private static function recordingHandleFactory(array &$events): CurlFactoryInterface
    {
        return new class($events) implements CurlFactoryInterface {
            /** @var array<int, string> */
            private $events;

            /** @var CurlFactory */
            private $factory;

            public function __construct(array &$events)
            {
                $this->events = &$events;
                $this->factory = new CurlFactory(1);
            }

            public function create(RequestInterface $request, array $options): EasyHandle
            {
                return $this->factory->create($request, $options);
            }

            public function release(EasyHandle $easy): void
            {
                $this->events[] = 'release';
                $this->factory->release($easy);
            }
        };
    }

    public static function curlResponseTransferErrorProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'partial file' => [18];
        yield 'bad content encoding' => [61];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider localCurlErrorWithResponseProvider
     */
    public function testLocalCurlErrorsWithResponseStayResponseExceptions(int $errno): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $response = new Psr7\Response(200);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        $easy->errno = $errno;
        $easy->response = $response;

        $promise = CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $easy,
            $factory
        );

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame($response, $e->getResponse());
        }
    }

    public static function localCurlErrorWithResponseProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'write' => [23];
        yield 'file size exceeded' => [63];
    }

    public function testCallbackAbortWithResponseStaysResponseException(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $response = new Psr7\Response(200);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK;
        $easy->response = $response;

        $promise = CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $easy,
            $factory
        );

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame($response, $e->getResponse());
        }
    }

    public function testCreatesNetworkTimeoutExceptionForNonConnectTimeout(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEOUTED;
        $response = CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $easy,
            $factory
        );

        try {
            $response->wait();
            self::fail('Expected NetworkTimeoutException');
        } catch (ConnectTimeoutException $e) {
            self::fail('Expected NetworkTimeoutException, not ConnectTimeoutException');
        } catch (NetworkTimeoutException $e) {
            self::assertInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ConnectException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
        }
    }

    public function testCreatesConnectTimeoutExceptionForConnectTimeout(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEOUTED;
        $easy->response = null;
        $promise = $this->createCurlRejection($easy, [
            'errno' => \CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEOUTED,
            'error' => 'Connection timeout after 5003 ms',
        ]);

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected ConnectTimeoutException');
        } catch (ConnectTimeoutException $e) {
            self::assertInstanceOf(ConnectException::class, $e);
            self::assertInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
        }
    }

    public function testCreatesNetworkTimeoutExceptionForGenericCurlTimeoutMessage(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEOUTED;
        $easy->response = null;
        $promise = $this->createCurlRejection($easy, [
            'errno' => \CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEOUTED,
            'error' => 'Timeout was reached',
        ]);

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected NetworkTimeoutException');
        } catch (ConnectTimeoutException $e) {
            self::fail('Expected NetworkTimeoutException, not ConnectTimeoutException');
        } catch (NetworkTimeoutException $e) {
            self::assertInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ConnectException::class, $e);
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
        }
    }

    public function testClassifiesConnectTimeoutErrors(): void
    {
        self::assertTrue($this->matchesCurlConnectTimeoutError('Connection timed out after 5003 milliseconds'));
        self::assertTrue($this->matchesCurlConnectTimeoutError('Connection timeout after 5003 ms'));
        self::assertTrue($this->matchesCurlConnectTimeoutError('Connection time-out'));
        self::assertTrue($this->matchesCurlConnectTimeoutError('Resolving timed out after 5000 milliseconds'));
        self::assertTrue($this->matchesCurlConnectTimeoutError("Failed to resolve 'example.com' with timeout after 1000 ms"));
        self::assertTrue($this->matchesCurlConnectTimeoutError('name lookup timed out'));
        self::assertTrue($this->matchesCurlConnectTimeoutError('Proxy CONNECT aborted due to timeout'));
        self::assertTrue($this->matchesCurlConnectTimeoutError('SSL connection timeout'));
        self::assertFalse($this->matchesCurlConnectTimeoutError('Operation timed out after 30000 milliseconds with 0 bytes received'));
        self::assertFalse($this->matchesCurlConnectTimeoutError('Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds'));
        self::assertFalse($this->matchesCurlConnectTimeoutError('Timeout was reached'));
        self::assertFalse($this->matchesCurlConnectTimeoutError(''));
    }

    private function matchesCurlConnectTimeoutError(string $error): bool
    {
        $reflection = new \ReflectionMethod(CurlFactory::class, 'isConnectTimeoutError');
        if (\PHP_VERSION_ID < 80100) {
            $reflection->setAccessible(true);
        }

        return $reflection->invoke(null, $error) === true;
    }

    public function testCreatesResponseTimeoutExceptionWithResponse(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $response = new Psr7\Response(200);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEOUTED;
        $easy->response = $response;
        $promise = CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $easy,
            $factory
        );

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected ResponseTimeoutException');
        } catch (ResponseTimeoutException $e) {
            self::assertInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame($response, $e->getResponse());
        }
    }

    public function testResponseTimeoutWinsOverConnectTimeoutLookingCurlMessage(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $response = new Psr7\Response(200);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEOUTED;
        $easy->response = $response;
        $promise = $this->createCurlRejection($easy, [
            'errno' => \CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEOUTED,
            'error' => 'Connection timed out after 5003 milliseconds',
        ]);

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected ResponseTimeoutException');
        } catch (ResponseTimeoutException $e) {
            self::assertInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame($response, $e->getResponse());
        }
    }

    private function createCurlRejection(EasyHandle $easy, array $ctx)
    {
        $reflection = new \ReflectionMethod(CurlFactory::class, 'createRejection');
        if (\PHP_VERSION_ID < 80100) {
            $reflection->setAccessible(true);
        }

        return $reflection->invoke(null, $easy, $ctx);
    }

    private static function assertResponseInfoWasNotExposed(array $context): void
    {
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey('http_code', $context);
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey('header_size', $context);
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey('content_type', $context);
    }

    public function testAddsTimeouts(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'timeout' => 0.1,
            'connect_timeout' => 0.2,
        ]);
        self::assertEquals(100, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS]);
        self::assertEquals(200, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT_MS]);
    }

    public function testAddsZeroTimeouts(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'timeout' => 0,
            'connect_timeout' => 0,
        ]);
        self::assertSame(0, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS]);
        self::assertSame(2147483647, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT_MS]);
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, $_SERVER['_curl']);
    }

    public function testTruncatesTimeoutsToMilliseconds(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'timeout' => 0.0015,
            'connect_timeout' => 0.0025,
        ]);
        self::assertSame(1, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS]);
        self::assertSame(2, $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT_MS]);
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider invalidCurlTimeoutProvider
     *
     * @param mixed $value
     */
    public function testRejectsInvalidCurlTimeouts(string $option, $value): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage($option.' must be 0 or greater than or equal to 0.001 seconds');
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [$option => $value]);
    }

    public static function invalidCurlTimeoutProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            ['timeout', 0.0001],
            ['timeout', -1],
            ['connect_timeout', 0.0001],
            ['connect_timeout', -1],
        ];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider knownBodySizeProvider
     */
    public function testSelectsCurlBodyModeFromKnownBodySize(int $size, bool $streaming): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], \str_repeat('x', $size));
        $f->create($request, []);

        self::assertSame($streaming, isset($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_UPLOAD]));
        self::assertSame($streaming, isset($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_READFUNCTION]));
        self::assertSame(!$streaming, isset($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS]));
        if ($streaming) {
            self::assertSame($size, $_SERVER['_curl'][self::curlInputSizeOption()]);
        }
    }

    public static function knownBodySizeProvider(): iterable
    {
        yield 'below threshold' => [999999, false];
        yield 'at threshold' => [1000000, true];
        yield 'above threshold' => [1000001, true];
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider validCurlRequestContentLengthProvider
     *
     * @param string|string[] $contentLength
     */
    public function testUsesParsedRequestContentLengthForCurlUpload($contentLength): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [
            'Content-Length' => $contentLength,
        ], Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('foo'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
        ]));

        $factory->create($request, []);

        self::assertTrue((bool) $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_UPLOAD]);
        self::assertSame(1000000, $_SERVER['_curl'][self::curlInputSizeOption()]);
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $_SERVER['_curl']);
    }

    public static function validCurlRequestContentLengthProvider(): iterable
    {
        return [
            'plain' => ['1000000'],
            'leading zeros' => ['001000000'],
            'comma equivalent' => ['001000000, 1000000'],
            'duplicate equivalent' => [['001000000', '1000000']],
        ];
    }

    public function testUnknownBodyWithSmallContentLengthUsesStreamingCallback(): void
    {
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('foo'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
        ]);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, ['Content-Length' => '3'], $body), []);

        self::assertTrue((bool) $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_UPLOAD]);
        self::assertSame(3, $_SERVER['_curl'][self::curlInputSizeOption()]);
        self::assertIsCallable($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_READFUNCTION]);
        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $_SERVER['_curl']);
    }

    public function testUnknownBodyWithZeroContentLengthIsNotRead(): void
    {
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('payload'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
            'isSeekable' => static function (): bool {
                self::fail('The zero-length body must not be inspected');
            },
            'read' => static function (): string {
                self::fail('The zero-length body must not be read');
            },
        ]);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request(
            'PUT',
            Server::$url,
            ['Content-Length' => '0'],
            $body
        ), []);

        try {
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_UPLOAD, $_SERVER['_curl']);
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, $_SERVER['_curl']);
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $_SERVER['_curl']);
            self::assertContains('Content-Length: 0', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
        } finally {
            $factory->release($easy);
        }
    }

    public function testNormalizesEquivalentRequestContentLengthForCurlHeaders(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url, [
            'Content-Length' => ['0000', '0'],
        ]);

        $factory->create($request, []);

        self::assertContains('Content-Length: 0', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
        self::assertNotContains('Content-Length: 0000', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER]);
    }

    public function testRemovesProvisionalChunkedHeaderBeforeCurlSerialization(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        $factory->create(new Psr7\Request(
            'PUT',
            Server::$url,
            ['Transfer-Encoding' => 'ChUnKeD'],
            'foo'
        ), []);

        self::assertSame('foo', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS]);
        foreach ($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER] as $line) {
            self::assertFalse(Psr7\Utils::caselessContains($line, 'Transfer-Encoding:'));
        }
    }

    public function testLetsCurlFrameUnknownHttp11Body(): void
    {
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('foo'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
        ]);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request(
            'PUT',
            Server::$url,
            ['Transfer-Encoding' => 'chunked'],
            $body
        ), []);

        try {
            self::assertTrue((bool) $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_UPLOAD]);
            self::assertIsCallable($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_READFUNCTION]);
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_INFILESIZE, $_SERVER['_curl']);
            if (\defined('CURLOPT_INFILESIZE_LARGE')) {
                self::assertArrayNotHasKey((int) \constant('CURLOPT_INFILESIZE_LARGE'), $_SERVER['_curl']);
            }
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $_SERVER['_curl']);

            foreach ($_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER] as $header) {
                self::assertFalse(Psr7\Utils::caselessContains($header, 'Content-Length:'));
                self::assertFalse(Psr7\Utils::caselessContains($header, 'Transfer-Encoding:'));
            }
        } finally {
            $factory->release($easy);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider invalidCurlRequestContentLengthProvider
     *
     * @param string|string[] $contentLength
     */
    public function testRejectsInvalidCurlRequestContentLength($contentLength): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [
            'Content-Length' => $contentLength,
        ], 'foo');

        $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Invalid Content-Length request header');

        $factory->create($request, []);
    }

    public static function invalidCurlRequestContentLengthProvider(): iterable
    {
        return [
            'empty' => [''],
            'empty comma member' => ['3,'],
            'non digit' => ['abc'],
            'partial numeric' => ['3abc'],
            'signed' => ['-1'],
            'decimal' => ['3.0'],
            'conflicting comma' => ['3, 5'],
            'conflicting duplicate' => [['3', '5']],
        ];
    }

    public function testRejectsUnrepresentableRequestContentLengthForCurlUpload(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $length = ((string) \PHP_INT_MAX).'0';
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [
            'Content-Length' => $length,
        ], 'foo');

        try {
            $factory->create($request, []);
            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame('Content-Length exceeds the maximum integer size supported on this platform', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertInstanceOf(\OverflowException::class, $e->getPrevious());
        }
    }

    public function testRejectsRequestContentLengthLargerThanCurlLongOnWindows(): void
    {
        if (\PHP_OS_FAMILY !== 'Windows' || \PHP_INT_SIZE !== 8 || \defined('CURLOPT_INFILESIZE_LARGE')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('Requires 64-bit Windows without CURLOPT_INFILESIZE_LARGE.');
        }

        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor(''), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
        ]);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage(
            'Content-Length exceeds the maximum cURL upload size supported by this PHP build'
        );

        $factory->create(new Psr7\Request(
            'PUT',
            Server::$url,
            ['Content-Length' => '2147483648'],
            $body
        ), []);
    }

    public function testRejectsInvalidCurlRequestContentLengthWithEmptyBody(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('POST', Server::$url, [
            'Content-Length' => 'abc',
        ]);

        $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Invalid Content-Length request header');

        $factory->create($request, []);
    }

    public function testEnsuresDirExistsBeforeThrowingWarning(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\RuntimeException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Directory /does/not/exist/so does not exist for sink value of /does/not/exist/so/error.txt');
        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'sink' => '/does/not/exist/so/error.txt',
        ]);
    }

    public function testClosesIdleHandles(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);
        $req = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $easy = $f->create($req, []);
        $h1 = $easy->handle;
        $f->release($easy);
        self::assertCount(1, self::readIdleHandles($f));
        $easy = $f->create($req, []);
        self::assertSame($easy->handle, $h1);
        $easy2 = $f->create($req, []);
        $easy3 = $f->create($req, []);
        $easy4 = $f->create($req, []);
        $f->release($easy);
        self::assertCount(1, self::readIdleHandles($f));
        $f->release($easy2);
        self::assertCount(2, self::readIdleHandles($f));
        $f->release($easy3);
        self::assertCount(3, self::readIdleHandles($f));
        $f->release($easy4);
        self::assertCount(3, self::readIdleHandles($f));
    }

    public function testRejectsPromiseWhenCreateResponseFails(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueueRaw(999, 'Incorrect', ['X-Foo' => 'bar'], 'abc 123');

        $req = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
        $called = false;
        $stats = null;
        $promise = $handler($req, [
            'on_headers' => static function () use (&$called): void {
                $called = true;
            },
            'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $transferStats) use (&$stats): void {
                $stats = $transferStats;
            },
        ]);

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertStringContainsString(
                'An error was encountered while creating the response',
                $e->getMessage()
            );
            self::assertFalse($called);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertInstanceOf(\RuntimeException::class, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertInstanceOf(TransferStats::class, $stats);
            self::assertFalse($stats->hasResponse());
            self::assertNull($stats->getResponse());
            self::assertResponseInfoWasNotExposed($stats->getHandlerStats());
        }
    }

    public function testCreateResponseFailureDoesNotExposeStaleCurlResponse(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), []);
        $easy->response = new Psr7\Response(100);
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_WRITE_ERROR;
        $easy->createResponseException = new \InvalidArgumentException(
            'Status code must be an integer value between 1xx and 5xx.'
        );

        $promise = CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $easy,
            $factory
        );

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertStringContainsString(
                'An error was encountered while creating the response',
                $e->getMessage()
            );
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertSame($easy->createResponseException, $e->getPrevious());
        }
    }

    public function testEnsuresOnHeadersIsCallable(): void
    {
        $req = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $handler($req, ['on_headers' => 'error!']);
    }

    public function testIgnoresInterim1xxAndInvokesOnHeadersOnceForFinalResponse(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $statuses = [];
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_headers' => static function (ResponseInterface $response) use (&$statuses): void {
                $statuses[] = $response->getStatusCode();
            },
        ]);

        try {
            /** @var callable $headerFn */
            $headerFn = $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION];

            $headerFn($easy->handle, "HTTP/1.1 103 Early Hints\r\n");
            $headerFn($easy->handle, "Link: </style.css>; rel=preload\r\n");
            $headerFn($easy->handle, "\r\n");

            self::assertNull($easy->response, 'interim 1xx is not stored');
            self::assertSame([], $statuses, 'on_headers is not invoked for an interim 1xx');

            $headerFn($easy->handle, "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n");
            $headerFn($easy->handle, "Content-Length: 0\r\n");
            $headerFn($easy->handle, "\r\n");

            self::assertNotNull($easy->response);
            self::assertSame(200, $easy->response->getStatusCode());
            self::assertSame([200], $statuses, 'on_headers fires once, for the final response');
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testKeeps101AndInvokesOnHeaders(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $statuses = [];
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_headers' => static function (ResponseInterface $response) use (&$statuses): void {
                $statuses[] = $response->getStatusCode();
            },
        ]);

        try {
            /** @var callable $headerFn */
            $headerFn = $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION];

            $headerFn($easy->handle, "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n");
            $headerFn($easy->handle, "Upgrade: websocket\r\n");
            $headerFn($easy->handle, "\r\n");

            self::assertNotNull($easy->response, '101 is kept as a response');
            self::assertSame(101, $easy->response->getStatusCode());
            self::assertSame([101], $statuses, 'on_headers fires for a 101 response');
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider trailerResponseHeaderLinesProvider
     *
     * @param list<string> $lines
     * @param list<string> $expectedHeaders
     */
    public function testPreservesHeadersWhenTrailerFieldsArrive(array $lines, array $expectedHeaders): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), []);

        try {
            self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, $lines);

            self::assertNotNull($easy->response);
            self::assertSame(200, $easy->response->getStatusCode());
            self::assertSame($expectedHeaders, $easy->headers, 'received headers are not replaced by trailer fields');
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public static function trailerResponseHeaderLinesProvider(): iterable
    {
        $trailers = [
            "X-Mixed-Case: Foo\r\n",
            "x-empty:\r\n",
            "x-dup: 1\r\n",
            "x-dup: 2\r\n",
        ];

        yield 'HTTP/2 trailer fields' => [
            \array_merge([
                "HTTP/2 200 \r\n",
                "content-type: text/plain\r\n",
                "\r\n",
            ], $trailers),
            ['HTTP/2 200', 'content-type: text/plain'],
        ];

        yield 'HTTP/1.1 chunked trailer fields' => [
            \array_merge([
                "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
                "Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n",
                "\r\n",
            ], $trailers),
            ['HTTP/1.1 200 OK', 'Transfer-Encoding: chunked'],
        ];
    }

    public function testBlankLineAfterTrailerFieldsIsANoOp(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $invocations = 0;
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_headers' => static function () use (&$invocations): void {
                ++$invocations;
            },
        ]);

        try {
            $headerFn = self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, [
                "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
                "Content-Length: 0\r\n",
                "\r\n",
                "x-checksum: abc\r\n",
            ]);
            $created = $easy->response;
            self::assertNotNull($created);

            self::assertSame(2, $headerFn($easy->handle, "\r\n"));

            self::assertSame($created, $easy->response, 'a blank line ending a trailer section does not recreate the response');
            self::assertNull($easy->createResponseException);
            self::assertSame(1, $invocations, 'on_headers fires exactly once');

            $response = CurlFactory::finish(
                static function (): void {
                },
                $easy,
                $factory
            )->wait();
            self::assertSame(200, $response->getStatusCode());
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testClassifiesTrailerFieldsAfterInterim1xxResponse(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $statuses = [];
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_headers' => static function (ResponseInterface $response) use (&$statuses): void {
                $statuses[] = $response->getStatusCode();
            },
        ]);

        try {
            self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, [
                "HTTP/1.1 103 Early Hints\r\n",
                "Link: </style.css>; rel=preload\r\n",
                "\r\n",
                "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
                "Content-Length: 0\r\n",
                "\r\n",
                "x-checksum: abc\r\n",
            ]);

            self::assertSame([200], $statuses, 'on_headers fires once, for the final response');
            self::assertSame(['HTTP/1.1 200 OK', 'Content-Length: 0'], $easy->headers);
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testDiscardsIntermediateResponseStateWhenANewHeaderBlockStarts(): void
    {
        // Mirrors a connection-cached authentication round or a CONNECT
        // response: an intermediate response block, possibly followed by its
        // own trailer fields, is superseded by the next status line.
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), []);

        try {
            self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, [
                "HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized\r\n",
                "WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate\r\n",
                "\r\n",
                "x-early: 1\r\n",
                "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
                "Content-Length: 0\r\n",
                "\r\n",
                "x-checksum: abc\r\n",
            ]);

            self::assertNotNull($easy->response);
            self::assertSame(200, $easy->response->getStatusCode());
            self::assertSame(['HTTP/1.1 200 OK', 'Content-Length: 0'], $easy->headers);
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testDoesNotStartFreshHeaderBlockForMalformedHttpTrailerLine(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $onHeadersCalls = 0;
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_headers' => static function () use (&$onHeadersCalls): void {
                ++$onHeadersCalls;
            },
            'on_trailers' => static function (): void {
            },
        ]);

        try {
            self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, [
                "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
                "Content-Type: text/plain\r\n",
                "\r\n",
                " HTTP/1.1 204 No Content\r\n",
                "HTTP/1.1\t204 No Content\r\n",
                "HTTP/1.1  204 No Content\r\n",
                "HTTP/foo: not a status line\r\n",
                "HTTP/1.1 200abc Weird: not a status line\r\n",
                "Foo: bar\r\n",
                "\r\n",
            ]);

            self::assertNull($easy->createResponseException);
            self::assertSame(1, $onHeadersCalls);
            self::assertSame(
                ['HTTP/1.1 200 OK', 'Content-Type: text/plain'],
                $easy->headers
            );
            self::assertNotNull($easy->response);
            self::assertSame(200, $easy->response->getStatusCode());
            self::assertSame(['Foo: bar'], $easy->trailers);
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testCollectsTrailerFieldsInWireOrder(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_trailers' => static function (): void {
            },
        ]);

        try {
            self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, [
                "HTTP/2 200 \r\n",
                "content-type: text/plain\r\n",
                "\r\n",
            ]);

            self::assertSame([], $easy->trailers);

            self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, [
                "X-Mixed-Case: Foo\r\n",
                "x-empty:\r\n",
                "x-dup: 1\r\n",
                "x-dup: 2\r\n",
                "\r\n",
            ]);

            self::assertSame(
                ['X-Mixed-Case: Foo', 'x-empty:', 'x-dup: 1', 'x-dup: 2'],
                $easy->trailers
            );
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testDiscardsMalformedTrailerLines(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_trailers' => static function (): void {
            },
        ]);

        try {
            self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, [
                "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
                "Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n",
                "\r\n",
                "X-Checksum: abc\r\n",
                ": pseudo\r\n",
                " Bad-Leading-Space: value\r\n",
                "Bad Name: value\r\n",
                "Bad\tName: value\r\n",
                "Bad/Name: value\r\n",
                "Bad\x01Name: value\r\n",
                "Bad: value\x00\r\n",
                "Bad: value\rmore\r\n",
                "Bad: value\nmore\r\n",
                "Bad: value\x7F\r\n",
                "HTTP/1.1\t200 OK\r\n",
                "HTTP/1.1  200 OK\r\n",
                " folded-continuation\r\n",
                "junk-no-colon\r\n",
                "X-Valid-After: ok\r\n",
                "\r\n",
            ]);

            self::assertNull($easy->createResponseException);
            self::assertSame(['X-Checksum: abc', 'X-Valid-After: ok'], $easy->trailers);
        } finally {
            $factory->release($easy);
        }
    }

    public function testDiscardsIntermediateTrailerFieldsWhenANewHeaderBlockStarts(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_trailers' => static function (): void {
            },
        ]);

        try {
            self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, [
                "HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized\r\n",
                "WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate\r\n",
                "\r\n",
                "x-early: 1\r\n",
                "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
                "Content-Length: 0\r\n",
                "\r\n",
                "x-checksum: abc\r\n",
            ]);

            self::assertSame(
                ['x-checksum: abc'],
                $easy->trailers,
                'trailer fields of the intermediate response are discarded'
            );
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testTrailersStayEmptyForResponsesWithoutTrailerFields(): void
    {
        // A response whose fields all arrive in the initial header block has
        // no trailer fields; every field is an ordinary response header.
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_trailers' => static function (): void {
            },
        ]);

        try {
            self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, [
                "HTTP/2 200 \r\n",
                "x-status: 12\r\n",
                "\r\n",
            ]);

            self::assertNotNull($easy->response);
            self::assertSame('12', $easy->response->getHeaderLine('x-status'));
            self::assertSame([], $easy->trailers);
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testRejectsPromiseWhenOnHeadersFails(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, ['X-Foo' => 'bar'], 'abc 123'),
        ]);
        $req = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
        $promise = $handler($req, [
            'on_headers' => static function (): void {
                throw new \Exception('test');
            },
        ]);

        $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('An error was encountered during the on_headers event');
        $promise->wait();
    }

    public function testRejectsPromiseWhenOnHeadersThrowsThrowable(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, ['X-Foo' => 'bar'], 'abc 123'),
        ]);
        $req = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
        $promise = $handler($req, [
            'on_headers' => static function (): void {
                throw new \Error('test');
            },
        ]);

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertStringContainsString(
                'An error was encountered during the on_headers event',
                $e->getMessage()
            );
            self::assertInstanceOf(\Error::class, $e->getPrevious());
        }
    }

    public function testInvokesOnStatsWhenOnHeadersFails(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, ['X-Foo' => 'bar'], 'abc 123'),
        ]);
        $req = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $gotStats = null;
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
        $promise = $handler($req, [
            'on_headers' => static function (): void {
                throw new \RuntimeException('test');
            },
            'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $stats) use (&$gotStats): void {
                $gotStats = $stats;
            },
        ]);

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertStringContainsString('An error was encountered during the on_headers event', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertInstanceOf(TransferStats::class, $gotStats);
            self::assertTrue($gotStats->hasResponse());
            self::assertSame(200, $gotStats->getResponse()->getStatusCode());
            self::assertSame($req, $gotStats->getRequest());
            self::assertSame(Server::$url, (string) $gotStats->getEffectiveUri());
            self::assertIsInt($gotStats->getHandlerErrorData());
        }
    }

    public function testSuccessfullyCallsOnHeadersBeforeWritingToSink(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, ['X-Foo' => 'bar'], 'abc 123'),
        ]);
        $req = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $got = null;
        $gotRequest = null;

        $stream = Psr7\Utils::streamFor();
        $stream = Psr7\FnStream::decorate($stream, [
            'write' => static function (string $data) use ($stream, &$got): int {
                self::assertNotNull($got);

                return $stream->write($data);
            },
        ]);

        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
        $promise = $handler($req, [
            'sink' => $stream,
            'on_headers' => static function (
                ResponseInterface $res,
                RequestInterface $request
            ) use (&$got, &$gotRequest, $req): void {
                $got = $res;
                $gotRequest = $request;
                self::assertSame($req, $request);
                self::assertEquals('bar', $res->getHeaderLine('X-Foo'));
            },
        ]);

        $response = $promise->wait();
        self::assertSame($req, $gotRequest);
        self::assertSame(200, $response->getStatusCode());
        self::assertSame('bar', $response->getHeaderLine('X-Foo'));
        self::assertSame('abc 123', (string) $response->getBody());
    }

    public function testRejectsNonCallableOnTrailers(): void
    {
        $f = new CurlFactory(3);

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('on_trailers must be callable');

        $f->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com'), ['on_trailers' => false]);
    }

    public function testEnsuresOnTrailersIsCallable(): void
    {
        $req = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();

        $this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
        $handler($req, ['on_trailers' => 'error!']);
    }

    public function testInvokesOnTrailersWithParsedTrailerFields(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $received = null;
        $receivedResponse = null;
        $receivedRequest = null;
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, [
            'on_trailers' => static function (array $trailers, ResponseInterface $response, RequestInterface $request) use (&$received, &$receivedResponse, &$receivedRequest): void {
                $received = $trailers;
                $receivedResponse = $response;
                $receivedRequest = $request;
            },
        ]);

        self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, [
            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
            "Content-Length: 0\r\n",
            "\r\n",
            "x-dup: 1\r\n",
            "X-Mixed-Case: Foo\r\n",
            "x-dup: 2\r\n",
            "x-empty:\r\n",
        ]);

        $response = CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $easy,
            $factory
        )->wait();

        self::assertSame([
            'x-dup' => ['1', '2'],
            'x-mixed-case' => ['Foo'],
            'x-empty' => [''],
        ], $received);
        self::assertSame($response, $receivedResponse);
        self::assertSame($request, $receivedRequest);
    }

    public function testOnTrailersDoesNotExposeMalformedTrailerFields(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $gotTrailers = null;
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_trailers' => static function (
                array $trailers,
                ResponseInterface $response,
                RequestInterface $request
            ) use (&$gotTrailers): void {
                $gotTrailers = $trailers;
            },
        ]);

        self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, [
            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
            "Content-Type: text/plain\r\n",
            "\r\n",
            "x-valid: ok\r\n",
            "Bad: value\x00\r\n",
            " Bad-Leading-Space: value\r\n",
            "\r\n",
        ]);

        CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $easy,
            $factory
        )->wait();

        self::assertSame(['x-valid' => ['ok']], $gotTrailers);
    }

    public function testGroupsTrailerFieldNamesCaseInsensitively(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $gotTrailers = null;
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_trailers' => static function (array $trailers) use (&$gotTrailers): void {
                $gotTrailers = $trailers;
            },
        ]);

        self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, [
            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
            "Content-Type: text/plain\r\n",
            "\r\n",
            "X-A: 1\r\n",
            "x-b: only\r\n",
            "x-a: 2\r\n",
            "X-A: 3\r\n",
            "X-Empty:\r\n",
            "\r\n",
        ]);

        CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $easy,
            $factory
        )->wait();

        self::assertSame(['x-a' => ['1', '2', '3'], 'x-b' => ['only'], 'x-empty' => ['']], $gotTrailers);
    }

    public function testDoesNotRetainTrailersWithoutOnTrailersCallback(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), []);

        try {
            self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, [
                "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
                "Content-Type: text/plain\r\n",
                "\r\n",
                "Foo: bar\r\n",
                "\r\n",
            ]);

            self::assertSame([], $easy->trailers);
            self::assertNotNull($easy->response);
            self::assertSame(200, $easy->response->getStatusCode());
            self::assertSame('text/plain', $easy->response->getHeaderLine('Content-Type'));
        } finally {
            $factory->release($easy);
        }
    }

    public function testTreatsNullOnTrailersAsAbsent(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['on_trailers' => null]);

        try {
            self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, [
                "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
                "\r\n",
                "Foo: bar\r\n",
                "\r\n",
            ]);

            self::assertSame([], $easy->trailers);
        } finally {
            $factory->release($easy);
        }
    }

    public function testReusedHandleDoesNotCarryTrailersIntoNextTransfer(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $received = [];
        $onTrailers = static function (array $trailers) use (&$received): void {
            $received[] = $trailers;
        };

        $first = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['on_trailers' => $onTrailers]);
        self::receiveCurlHeaders($first, [
            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
            "\r\n",
            "Foo: bar\r\n",
            "\r\n",
        ]);
        CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $first,
            $factory
        )->wait();

        $second = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), ['on_trailers' => $onTrailers]);
        self::receiveCurlHeaders($second, [
            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
            "\r\n",
        ]);
        CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $second,
            $factory
        )->wait();

        self::assertSame([['foo' => ['bar']], []], $received);
    }

    public function testOnTrailersReceivesRewoundResponseBody(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, ['X-Foo' => 'bar'], 'abc 123'),
        ]);
        $bodyPosition = null;
        $bodyContents = null;
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
        $response = $handler(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_trailers' => static function (array $trailers, ResponseInterface $response, RequestInterface $request) use (&$bodyPosition, &$bodyContents): void {
                $bodyPosition = $response->getBody()->tell();
                $bodyContents = (string) $response->getBody();
            },
        ])->wait();

        self::assertSame(200, $response->getStatusCode());
        self::assertSame(0, $bodyPosition);
        self::assertSame('abc 123', $bodyContents);
    }

    public function testInvokesOnTrailersOnceWithEmptyArrayWhenNoTrailerFields(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, ['X-Foo' => 'bar'], 'abc 123'),
        ]);
        $calls = [];
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
        $response = $handler(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_trailers' => static function (array $trailers) use (&$calls): void {
                $calls[] = $trailers;
            },
        ])->wait();

        self::assertSame(200, $response->getStatusCode());
        self::assertSame([[]], $calls);
    }

    public function testInvokesOnTrailersAfterOnHeadersAndBeforeOnStats(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, [], 'abc 123'),
        ]);
        $order = [];
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
        $handler(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_headers' => static function () use (&$order): void {
                $order[] = 'on_headers';
            },
            'on_trailers' => static function () use (&$order): void {
                $order[] = 'on_trailers';
            },
            'on_stats' => static function () use (&$order): void {
                $order[] = 'on_stats';
            },
        ])->wait();

        self::assertSame(['on_headers', 'on_trailers', 'on_stats'], $order);
    }

    public function testReleasesHandleBeforeOnTrailersAndOnStatsOnSuccess(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, [], 'abc 123'),
        ]);
        $events = [];
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler(['handle_factory' => self::recordingHandleFactory($events)]);
        $handler(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_trailers' => static function () use (&$events): void {
                $events[] = 'on_trailers';
            },
            'on_stats' => static function () use (&$events): void {
                $events[] = 'on_stats';
            },
        ])->wait();

        self::assertSame(['release', 'on_trailers', 'on_stats'], $events);
    }

    public function testReleasesHandleWhenOnStatsThrowsOnSuccessfulTransfer(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, [], 'abc 123'),
        ]);
        $events = [];
        $sentinel = new \RuntimeException('stats failed');
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler(['handle_factory' => self::recordingHandleFactory($events)]);

        try {
            $handler(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
                'on_stats' => static function () use (&$events, $sentinel): void {
                    $events[] = 'on_stats';
                    throw $sentinel;
                },
            ]);
            self::fail('Expected RuntimeException');
        } catch (\RuntimeException $e) {
            self::assertSame($sentinel, $e);
        }

        self::assertSame(['release', 'on_stats'], $events);
    }

    public function testReleasesHandleWhenOnStatsThrowsOnErrorTransfer(): void
    {
        $events = [];
        $sentinel = new \RuntimeException('stats failed');
        $recording = self::recordingHandleFactory($events);
        $easy = $recording->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_stats' => static function () use (&$events, $sentinel): void {
                $events[] = 'on_stats';
                throw $sentinel;
            },
        ]);
        self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, [
            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
            "Content-Length: 3\r\n",
            "\r\n",
        ]);
        $easy->errno = 18; // CURLE_PARTIAL_FILE

        try {
            CurlFactory::finish(
                static function (): void {
                },
                $easy,
                $recording
            );
            self::fail('Expected RuntimeException');
        } catch (\RuntimeException $e) {
            self::assertSame($sentinel, $e);
        }

        self::assertSame(['release', 'on_stats'], $events);
    }

    public function testRejectsPromiseWhenOnTrailersThrowsThrowable(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, ['X-Foo' => 'bar'], 'abc 123'),
        ]);
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
        $promise = $handler(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_trailers' => static function (): void {
                throw new \Error('test');
            },
        ]);

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            self::assertStringContainsString(
                'An error was encountered during the on_trailers event',
                $e->getMessage()
            );
            self::assertSame(200, $e->getResponse()->getStatusCode());
            self::assertInstanceOf(\Error::class, $e->getPrevious());
        }
    }

    public function testInvokesOnStatsWithReasonWhenOnTrailersFails(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, ['X-Foo' => 'bar'], 'abc 123'),
        ]);
        $req = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $gotStats = null;
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
        $promise = $handler($req, [
            'on_trailers' => static function (): void {
                throw new \RuntimeException('test');
            },
            'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $stats) use (&$gotStats): void {
                $gotStats = $stats;
            },
        ]);

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            self::assertInstanceOf(TransferStats::class, $gotStats);
            self::assertTrue($gotStats->hasResponse());
            self::assertSame($req, $gotStats->getRequest());
            self::assertInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $gotStats->getHandlerErrorData());
        }
    }

    public function testDoesNotInvokeOnTrailersOnTransferError(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $called = false;
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_trailers' => static function () use (&$called): void {
                $called = true;
            },
        ]);
        self::receiveCurlHeaders($easy, [
            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n",
            "Content-Length: 3\r\n",
            "\r\n",
        ]);
        $easy->errno = 18; // CURLE_PARTIAL_FILE

        try {
            self::finishEasy($easy, $factory);
            self::fail('Expected ResponseTransferException');
        } catch (ResponseTransferException $e) {
            self::assertFalse($called, 'on_trailers must not fire for failed transfers');
        }
    }

    public function testDoesNotInvokeOnTrailersWhenOnHeadersFails(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, ['X-Foo' => 'bar'], 'abc 123'),
        ]);
        $called = false;
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
        $promise = $handler(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_headers' => static function (): void {
                throw new \Exception('test');
            },
            'on_trailers' => static function () use (&$called): void {
                $called = true;
            },
        ]);

        try {
            $promise->wait();
            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            self::assertStringContainsString(
                'An error was encountered during the on_headers event',
                $e->getMessage()
            );
            self::assertFalse($called, 'on_trailers must not fire when on_headers fails');
        }
    }

    public function testStreamingRequestBodyReadPsr7TimeoutAbortsReadCallback(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $previous = new Psr7\Exception\TimeoutException('Unable to read from stream: timed out');
        $readCalled = false;
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('payload'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
            'read' => static function (int $length) use (&$readCalled, $previous): string {
                $readCalled = true;

                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);

        try {
            $callback = $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_READFUNCTION];

            self::assertSame(0x10000000, $callback($easy->handle, null, 8192));
            self::assertTrue($readCalled);
            self::assertSame($previous, $easy->bodyReadTimeoutException);
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testStreamingRequestBodyReadFailureAbortsReadCallback(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $previous = new \Error('boom while reading');
        $readCalled = false;
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('payload'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
            'read' => static function (int $length) use (&$readCalled, $previous): string {
                $readCalled = true;

                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);

        try {
            $callback = $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_READFUNCTION];

            self::assertSame(0x10000000, $callback($easy->handle, null, 8192));
            self::assertTrue($readCalled);
            self::assertSame($previous, $easy->bodyReadException);
            self::assertNull($easy->bodyReadTimeoutException);
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testStreamingRequestBodyStopsAtContentLengthBoundary(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $source = Psr7\Utils::streamFor('abcdef');
        $reads = 0;
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate($source, [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
            'read' => static function (int $length) use ($source, &$reads): string {
                ++$reads;

                return $source->read($length);
            },
        ]);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request(
            'PUT',
            Server::$url,
            ['Content-Length' => '3'],
            $body
        ), []);

        try {
            $callback = $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_READFUNCTION];

            self::assertSame('ab', $callback($easy->handle, null, 2));
            self::assertSame('c', $callback($easy->handle, null, 8192));
            self::assertSame('', $callback($easy->handle, null, 8192));
            self::assertSame(2, $reads);
            self::assertSame('def', $source->getContents());
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testStreamingRequestBodyRejectsPrematureEndAndAbortsProgress(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('ab'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
        ]);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request(
            'PUT',
            Server::$url,
            ['Content-Length' => '3'],
            $body
        ), []);

        try {
            $callback = $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_READFUNCTION];
            self::assertSame('ab', $callback($easy->handle, null, 8192));
            self::assertSame(0x10000000, $callback($easy->handle, null, 8192));
            self::assertInstanceOf(\RuntimeException::class, $easy->bodyReadException);
            self::assertSame(
                'Request body ended before the declared Content-Length was reached',
                $easy->bodyReadException->getMessage()
            );

            $progress = $_SERVER['_curl'][self::progressCallbackOption()];
            self::assertSame(1, $progress($easy->handle, 0, 0, 0, 0));
            self::assertFalse($easy->progressAborted);
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testStreamingRequestBodyRejectsMoreBytesThanRequested(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor(), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
            'read' => static function (): string {
                return 'abcd';
            },
        ]);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request(
            'PUT',
            Server::$url,
            ['Content-Length' => '3'],
            $body
        ), []);

        try {
            $callback = $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_READFUNCTION];

            self::assertSame(0x10000000, $callback($easy->handle, null, 8192));
            self::assertInstanceOf(\RuntimeException::class, $easy->bodyReadException);
            self::assertSame(
                'Request body stream returned more bytes than requested',
                $easy->bodyReadException->getMessage()
            );
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testStreamingUnknownRequestBodyRejectsMoreBytesThanRequested(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor(), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
            'read' => static function (int $length): string {
                return \str_repeat('x', $length + 1);
            },
        ]);
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body), []);

        try {
            $callback = $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_READFUNCTION];

            self::assertSame(0x10000000, $callback($easy->handle, null, 3));
            self::assertInstanceOf(\RuntimeException::class, $easy->bodyReadException);
            self::assertSame(
                'Request body stream returned more bytes than requested',
                $easy->bodyReadException->getMessage()
            );
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testStreamingUploadInstallsProgressAbortForBodyReadTimeout(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('payload'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);

        try {
            // A progress callback is installed for streaming uploads even when
            // the "progress" option is absent, so the upload can be aborted on a
            // body read timeout on PHP versions where the read callback's abort
            // return value is ignored (< 8.1.17 / < 8.2.4).
            self::assertArrayHasKey(self::progressCallbackOption(), $_SERVER['_curl']);
            $progress = $_SERVER['_curl'][self::progressCallbackOption()];

            self::assertSame(0, $progress($easy->handle, 0, 0, 0, 0));

            $easy->bodyReadTimeoutException = new Psr7\Exception\TimeoutException('Unable to read from stream: timed out');
            self::assertSame(1, $progress($easy->handle, 0, 0, 0, 0));
            self::assertFalse($easy->progressAborted);
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    public function testStreamingUploadInstallsProgressAbortForBodyReadFailure(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('payload'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);

        try {
            self::assertArrayHasKey(self::progressCallbackOption(), $_SERVER['_curl']);
            $progress = $_SERVER['_curl'][self::progressCallbackOption()];

            self::assertSame(0, $progress($easy->handle, 0, 0, 0, 0));

            $easy->bodyReadException = new \RuntimeException('boom while reading');
            self::assertSame(1, $progress($easy->handle, 0, 0, 0, 0));
            self::assertFalse($easy->progressAborted);
        } finally {
            if (\array_key_exists('handle', \get_object_vars($easy))) {
                $factory->release($easy);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider curlHandlerProvider
     */
    public function testStreamingRequestBodyReadTimeoutAbortsTransferThroughCurlHandlers(callable $handlerFactory): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, [], 'hi'),
        ]);
        $handler = $handlerFactory();
        $previous = new Psr7\Exception\TimeoutException('Unable to read from stream: timed out');
        $readCalled = false;
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('payload'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
            'read' => static function (int $length) use (&$readCalled, $previous): string {
                $readCalled = true;

                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body);

        try {
            $handler($request, [])->wait();

            self::fail('Expected the upload read timeout to reject the transfer');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            // PHP versions without read-callback abort support (< 8.1.17, and
            // 8.2.0-8.2.3 since the fix shipped in 8.1.17 and 8.2.4) ignore the
            // read callback's abort return, so the transfer is aborted by the
            // progress callback, possibly after an early response is observed.
            // It is still a timeout, never a silent success.
            self::assertTrue(\PHP_VERSION_ID < 80117 || (\PHP_VERSION_ID >= 80200 && \PHP_VERSION_ID < 80204));
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame('Timed out while reading the request body', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTimeoutException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            // On PHP >= 8.1.17 / 8.2.4 the read callback aborts synchronously
            // (and on older PHP the progress callback may abort before a
            // response arrives), so no usable response is received.
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame('Timed out while reading the request body', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
        } finally {
            Server::flush();

            if (\method_exists($handler, 'close')) {
                $handler->close();
            }
        }

        self::assertTrue($readCalled);
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider curlHandlerProvider
     */
    public function testShortStreamingRequestBodyFailsThroughCurlHandlers(callable $handlerFactory): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response(200)]);
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('ab'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, ['Content-Length' => '3'], $body);
        $handler = $handlerFactory();

        try {
            $handler($request, [])->wait();
            self::fail('Expected the short upload to fail');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame('Request body ended before the declared Content-Length was reached', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $e);
        } finally {
            Server::flush();

            if (\method_exists($handler, 'close')) {
                $handler->close();
            }
        }
    }

    public function testShortStreamingRequestBodyDoesNotPoisonNextCurlTransfer(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response(200)]);
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('ab'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
        ]);

        try {
            $handler(new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, ['Content-Length' => '3'], $body), [])->wait();
            self::fail('Expected the short upload to fail');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame('Request body ended before the declared Content-Length was reached', $e->getMessage());
        }

        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response(200, [], 'next')]);

        try {
            $response = $handler(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [])->wait();
            self::assertSame('next', (string) $response->getBody());
        } finally {
            $handler->close();
        }
    }

    public function testStreamingRequestBodyReadPsr7TimeoutRejectsAsRequestExceptionWithoutResponse(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $previous = new Psr7\Exception\TimeoutException('Unable to read from stream: timed out');
        $stats = null;
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], 'payload');
        $easy = $factory->create($request, [
            'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $transferStats) use (&$stats): void {
                $stats = $transferStats;
            },
        ]);
        $framedRequest = $easy->request;
        $easy->bodyReadTimeoutException = $previous;
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK;
        $handler = static function (RequestInterface $request, array $options) {
            self::fail('Did not expect timeout failure to be retried');

            return P\Create::promiseFor(new Psr7\Response());
        };

        try {
            CurlFactory::finish($handler, $easy, $factory)->wait();

            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame($framedRequest, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame('Timed out while reading the request body', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
        }

        self::assertInstanceOf(TransferStats::class, $stats);
        self::assertFalse($stats->hasResponse());
        self::assertNull($stats->getResponse());
        self::assertSame($framedRequest, $stats->getRequest());
        self::assertSame(\CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK, $stats->getHandlerErrorData());
    }

    public function testRequestBodyGetSizeTimeoutRejectsAsRequestException(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $previous = new Psr7\Exception\TimeoutException('Unable to determine stream size: timed out');
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('payload'), [
            'getSize' => static function () use ($previous): ?int {
                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body);

        try {
            $factory->create($request, []);

            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame('Timed out while determining the request body size', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
        }
    }

    public function testRequestBodyGetSizeFailureUsesFallbackMessageWhenMessageEmpty(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $previous = new \RuntimeException('');
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('payload'), [
            'getSize' => static function () use ($previous): ?int {
                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body);

        try {
            $factory->create($request, []);

            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame('Failed to determine the request body size', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
        }
    }

    public function testRequestBodyReadFailureRejectsAsRequestExceptionWithoutResponseAndWithoutRetry(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $previous = new \Exception('boom while reading');
        $stats = null;
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], 'payload');
        $easy = $factory->create($request, [
            'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $transferStats) use (&$stats): void {
                $stats = $transferStats;
            },
        ]);
        $framedRequest = $easy->request;
        $easy->bodyReadException = $previous;
        $easy->errno = 0;
        $retried = false;
        $handler = static function () use (&$retried): P\PromiseInterface {
            $retried = true;

            return P\Create::promiseFor(new Psr7\Response());
        };

        try {
            CurlFactory::finish($handler, $easy, $factory)->wait();

            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame($framedRequest, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame('boom while reading', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
        }

        self::assertFalse($retried);
        self::assertInstanceOf(TransferStats::class, $stats);
        self::assertFalse($stats->hasResponse());
        self::assertNull($stats->getResponse());
        self::assertSame($framedRequest, $stats->getRequest());
        self::assertSame(0, $stats->getHandlerErrorData());
    }

    public function testStreamingRequestBodyReadPsr7TimeoutRejectsAsResponseExceptionWithResponse(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $previous = new Psr7\Exception\TimeoutException('Unable to read from stream: timed out');
        $stats = null;
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], 'payload');
        $response = new Psr7\Response(200, [], 'early');
        $easy = $factory->create($request, [
            'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $transferStats) use (&$stats): void {
                $stats = $transferStats;
            },
        ]);
        $framedRequest = $easy->request;
        $easy->response = $response;
        $easy->bodyReadTimeoutException = $previous;
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK;
        $handler = static function (RequestInterface $request, array $options) {
            self::fail('Did not expect timeout failure to be retried');

            return P\Create::promiseFor(new Psr7\Response());
        };

        try {
            CurlFactory::finish($handler, $easy, $factory)->wait();

            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            self::assertSame($framedRequest, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame($response, $e->getResponse());
            self::assertSame('Timed out while reading the request body', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTimeoutException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $e);
            self::assertInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
        }

        self::assertInstanceOf(TransferStats::class, $stats);
        self::assertTrue($stats->hasResponse());
        self::assertSame($response, $stats->getResponse());
        self::assertSame($framedRequest, $stats->getRequest());
        self::assertSame(\CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK, $stats->getHandlerErrorData());
    }

    public function testRequestBodyReadFailureRejectsAsResponseExceptionWithResponseAndErrnoZero(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $previous = new \Exception('boom while reading');
        $stats = null;
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], 'payload');
        $response = new Psr7\Response(200, [], 'early');
        $easy = $factory->create($request, [
            'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $transferStats) use (&$stats): void {
                $stats = $transferStats;
            },
        ]);
        $framedRequest = $easy->request;
        $easy->response = $response;
        $easy->bodyReadException = $previous;
        $easy->errno = 0;
        $retried = false;
        $handler = static function () use (&$retried): P\PromiseInterface {
            $retried = true;

            return P\Create::promiseFor(new Psr7\Response());
        };

        try {
            CurlFactory::finish($handler, $easy, $factory)->wait();

            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            self::assertSame($framedRequest, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame($response, $e->getResponse());
            self::assertSame('boom while reading', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
        }

        self::assertFalse($retried);
        self::assertInstanceOf(TransferStats::class, $stats);
        self::assertTrue($stats->hasResponse());
        self::assertSame($response, $stats->getResponse());
        self::assertSame($framedRequest, $stats->getRequest());
        self::assertSame(0, $stats->getHandlerErrorData());
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider curlHandlerProvider
     */
    public function testBodyAsStringRequestBodyReadPsr7TimeoutRejectsAsRequestExceptionThroughCurlHandlers(callable $handlerFactory): void
    {
        $previous = new Psr7\Exception\TimeoutException('Unable to read from stream: timed out');
        $castCalled = false;
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('abc'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
            '__toString' => static function () use (&$castCalled, $previous): string {
                $castCalled = true;

                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body);
        $handler = $handlerFactory();

        try {
            $handler($request, [
                'curl' => ['body_as_string' => true],
            ])->wait();

            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame('Timed out while reading the request body', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
        } finally {
            if (\method_exists($handler, 'close')) {
                $handler->close();
            }
        }

        self::assertTrue($castCalled);
    }

    public function testBodyAsStringHonorsExplicitContentLengthBoundary(): void
    {
        $source = Psr7\Utils::streamFor('abcdef');
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate($source, [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
        ]);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);

        $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, ['Content-Length' => '3'], $body), [
            'curl' => ['body_as_string' => true],
        ]);

        self::assertSame('abc', $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS]);
        self::assertSame('def', $source->getContents());
    }

    public function testBodyAsStringRequestBodyReadFailureUsesFallbackMessageWhenMessageEmpty(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $previous = new \RuntimeException('');
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('abc'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
            '__toString' => static function () use ($previous): string {
                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body);

        try {
            $factory->create($request, [
                'curl' => ['body_as_string' => true],
            ]);

            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame('Failed to read the request body', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
        }
    }

    public function testBodyAsStringRequestBodyReadFailureRejectsAsRequestException(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $previous = new \Exception('boom while reading');
        $castCalled = false;
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('abc'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
            '__toString' => static function () use (&$castCalled, $previous): string {
                $castCalled = true;

                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body);

        try {
            $factory->create($request, [
                'curl' => ['body_as_string' => true],
            ]);

            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame('boom while reading', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
        }

        self::assertTrue($castCalled);
    }

    public function testBodyAsStringRequestBodyReadErrorPropagates(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $previous = new \Error('boom while reading');
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('abc'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
            '__toString' => static function () use ($previous): string {
                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body);

        try {
            $factory->create($request, [
                'curl' => ['body_as_string' => true],
            ]);
            self::fail('Expected Error');
        } catch (\Error $e) {
            self::assertSame($previous, $e);
        }
    }

    public function testStreamingRequestBodyRewindFailureRejectsAsRequestException(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $previous = new \Exception('boom while rewinding');
        $rewindCalled = false;
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('payload'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
            'rewind' => static function () use (&$rewindCalled, $previous): void {
                $rewindCalled = true;

                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body);

        try {
            $factory->create($request, []);

            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame('boom while rewinding', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
        }

        self::assertTrue($rewindCalled);
    }

    public function testStreamingRequestBodyRewindErrorPropagates(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $previous = new \Error('boom while rewinding');
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('payload'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
            'rewind' => static function () use ($previous): void {
                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body);

        try {
            $factory->create($request, []);
            self::fail('Expected Error');
        } catch (\Error $e) {
            self::assertSame($previous, $e);
        }
    }

    public function testStreamingRequestBodyRewindTimeoutRejectsAsRequestException(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $previous = new Psr7\Exception\TimeoutException('Unable to rewind stream: timed out');
        $rewindCalled = false;
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('payload'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
            'rewind' => static function () use (&$rewindCalled, $previous): void {
                $rewindCalled = true;

                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body);

        try {
            $factory->create($request, []);

            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame('Timed out while rewinding the request body', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
        }

        self::assertTrue($rewindCalled);
    }

    public function testStreamingRequestBodyRewindFailureUsesFallbackMessageWhenMessageEmpty(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $previous = new \RuntimeException('');
        $body = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('payload'), [
            'getSize' => static function (): ?int {
                return null;
            },
            'rewind' => static function () use ($previous): void {
                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('PUT', Server::$url, [], $body);

        try {
            $factory->create($request, []);

            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame('Failed to rewind the request body', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider curlHandlerProvider
     */
    public function testSinkWritePsr7TimeoutRejectsAsResponseExceptionThroughCurlHandlers(callable $handlerFactory): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, [], 'abc'),
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $handler = $handlerFactory();
        $previous = new Psr7\Exception\TimeoutException('Unable to write to stream: timed out');
        $stats = null;
        $writeCalled = false;
        $sink = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor(), [
            'write' => static function (string $data) use (&$writeCalled, $previous): int {
                $writeCalled = true;

                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);

        try {
            $handler($request, [
                'sink' => $sink,
                'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $transferStats) use (&$stats): void {
                    $stats = $transferStats;
                },
            ])->wait();

            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame(200, $e->getResponse()->getStatusCode());
            self::assertSame('Timed out while writing the response body', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTimeoutException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $e);
            self::assertInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
        } finally {
            Server::flush();

            if (\method_exists($handler, 'close')) {
                $handler->close();
            }
        }

        self::assertTrue($writeCalled);
        self::assertInstanceOf(TransferStats::class, $stats);
        self::assertTrue($stats->hasResponse());
        self::assertSame(200, $stats->getResponse()->getStatusCode());
        self::assertSame(\CURLE_WRITE_ERROR, $stats->getHandlerErrorData());
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider curlHandlerProvider
     */
    public function testGenericSinkWriteFailureRejectsAsResponseExceptionThroughCurlHandlers(callable $handlerFactory): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, [], 'abc'),
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $handler = $handlerFactory();
        $previous = new \RuntimeException("sink \x1B\xFF failed");
        $stats = null;
        $writeCalled = false;
        $sink = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor(), [
            'write' => static function (string $data) use (&$writeCalled, $previous): int {
                $writeCalled = true;

                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);

        try {
            $handler($request, [
                'sink' => $sink,
                'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $transferStats) use (&$stats): void {
                    $stats = $transferStats;
                },
            ])->wait();

            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame(200, $e->getResponse()->getStatusCode());
            self::assertSame("sink \x1B\xFF failed", $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTimeoutException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $e);
            self::assertInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
        } finally {
            Server::flush();

            if (\method_exists($handler, 'close')) {
                $handler->close();
            }
        }

        self::assertTrue($writeCalled);
        self::assertInstanceOf(TransferStats::class, $stats);
        self::assertTrue($stats->hasResponse());
        self::assertSame(200, $stats->getResponse()->getStatusCode());
        self::assertSame(\CURLE_WRITE_ERROR, $stats->getHandlerErrorData());
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider curlHandlerProvider
     */
    public function testSinkWriteErrorRejectsAsResponseExceptionThroughCurlHandlers(callable $handlerFactory): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, [], 'abc'),
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $handler = $handlerFactory();
        $previous = new \Error('sink fatal');
        $writeCalled = false;
        $sink = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor(), [
            'write' => static function (string $data) use (&$writeCalled, $previous): int {
                $writeCalled = true;

                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);

        try {
            $handler($request, ['sink' => $sink])->wait();

            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            self::assertSame(200, $e->getResponse()->getStatusCode());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $e);
        } finally {
            Server::flush();

            if (\method_exists($handler, 'close')) {
                $handler->close();
            }
        }

        self::assertTrue($writeCalled);
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider curlHandlerProvider
     */
    public function testSinkWriteFailureUsesFallbackMessageWhenThrowableMessageEmpty(callable $handlerFactory): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, [], 'abc'),
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $handler = $handlerFactory();
        $sink = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor(), [
            'write' => static function (string $data): int {
                throw new \RuntimeException('');
            },
        ]);

        try {
            $handler($request, ['sink' => $sink])->wait();

            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            self::assertSame('Failed to write the response body', $e->getMessage());
        } finally {
            Server::flush();

            if (\method_exists($handler, 'close')) {
                $handler->close();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider curlHandlerProvider
     */
    public function testSinkWriteReturningTooFewBytesRejectsAsResponseExceptionWithoutPrevious(callable $handlerFactory): void
    {
        $body = \str_repeat('x', 1024);
        $scenarios = [
            'return zero' => false,
            'short positive' => true,
        ];

        foreach ($scenarios as $label => $positiveShort) {
            Server::flush();
            Server::enqueue([
                new Psr7\Response(200, [], $body),
            ]);
            $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
            $handler = $handlerFactory();
            $callbackRan = false;
            $sawPositiveShort = false;
            $sink = Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor(), [
                'write' => static function (string $data) use ($positiveShort, &$callbackRan, &$sawPositiveShort): int {
                    $callbackRan = true;
                    $written = $positiveShort ? \strlen($data) - 1 : 0;
                    if ($written > 0 && $written < \strlen($data)) {
                        $sawPositiveShort = true;
                    }

                    return $written;
                },
            ]);

            try {
                $handler($request, ['sink' => $sink])->wait();

                self::fail("Expected ResponseException ({$label})");
            } catch (ResponseException $e) {
                self::assertSame(200, $e->getResponse()->getStatusCode(), $label);
                self::assertSame('Unable to write to stream', $e->getMessage(), $label);
                self::assertNull($e->getPrevious(), $label);
                self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $e, $label);
            } finally {
                Server::flush();

                if (\method_exists($handler, 'close')) {
                    $handler->close();
                }
            }

            self::assertTrue($callbackRan, "the short-write callback must run ({$label})");
            if ($positiveShort) {
                self::assertTrue($sawPositiveShort, "expected a genuinely positive short write ({$label})");
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dataProvider curlHandlerProvider
     */
    public function testNonSeekableSinkSucceedsWithoutRewindThroughCurlHandlers(callable $handlerFactory): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, ['Content-Length' => '3'], 'abc'),
        ]);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $handler = $handlerFactory();
        $underlying = Psr7\Utils::streamFor();
        $stats = null;
        $statsCalled = 0;
        $rewindCalled = false;
        $seekCalled = false;
        $sink = Psr7\FnStream::decorate($underlying, [
            'isSeekable' => static function (): bool {
                return false;
            },
            'rewind' => static function () use (&$rewindCalled): void {
                $rewindCalled = true;

                throw new \RuntimeException('must not rewind a non-seekable sink');
            },
            'seek' => static function ($offset, $whence = \SEEK_SET) use (&$seekCalled): void {
                $seekCalled = true;

                throw new \RuntimeException('must not seek a non-seekable sink');
            },
        ]);

        try {
            $response = $handler($request, [
                'sink' => $sink,
                'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $transferStats) use (&$stats, &$statsCalled): void {
                    ++$statsCalled;
                    $stats = $transferStats;
                },
            ])->wait();

            self::assertSame(200, $response->getStatusCode());
            self::assertSame($sink, $response->getBody());
        } finally {
            Server::flush();

            if (\method_exists($handler, 'close')) {
                $handler->close();
            }
        }

        self::assertFalse($rewindCalled);
        self::assertFalse($seekCalled);
        $underlying->rewind();
        self::assertSame('abc', $underlying->getContents());
        self::assertSame(1, $statsCalled);
        self::assertInstanceOf(TransferStats::class, $stats);
        self::assertTrue($stats->hasResponse());
        self::assertSame($response, $stats->getResponse());
        self::assertSame(0, $stats->getHandlerErrorData());
    }

    public function testSinkWritePsr7TimeoutRejectsAsRequestExceptionWithoutResponse(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $previous = new Psr7\Exception\TimeoutException('Unable to write to stream: timed out');
        $stats = null;
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, [
            'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $transferStats) use (&$stats): void {
                $stats = $transferStats;
            },
        ]);
        $easy->sinkWriteTimeoutException = $previous;
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_WRITE_ERROR;
        $handler = static function (RequestInterface $request, array $options) {
            self::fail('Did not expect timeout failure to be retried');

            return P\Create::promiseFor(new Psr7\Response());
        };

        try {
            CurlFactory::finish($handler, $easy, $factory)->wait();

            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame('Timed out while writing the response body', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertInstanceOf(RequestExceptionInterface::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
        }

        self::assertInstanceOf(TransferStats::class, $stats);
        self::assertFalse($stats->hasResponse());
        self::assertNull($stats->getResponse());
        self::assertSame($request, $stats->getRequest());
        self::assertSame(\CURLE_WRITE_ERROR, $stats->getHandlerErrorData());
    }

    public function testGenericSinkWriteFailureWithoutResponseRejectsAsRequestExceptionWithoutRetry(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        $previous = new \RuntimeException('sink failed');
        $easy->sinkWriteException = $previous;
        $retried = false;
        $handler = static function () use (&$retried): P\PromiseInterface {
            $retried = true;

            return P\Create::promiseFor(new Psr7\Response(200));
        };

        try {
            CurlFactory::finish($handler, $easy, $factory)->wait();

            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame('sink failed', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkException::class, $e);
        }

        self::assertFalse($retried, 'A sink write failure must never trigger a request-body rewind retry');
    }

    public function testGenericSinkWriteFailureWithResponseRejectsWithoutRetryWhenErrnoIsZero(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $response = new Psr7\Response(200, [], 'abc');
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        $previous = new \RuntimeException('sink failed');
        $easy->response = $response;
        $easy->sinkWriteException = $previous;
        $retried = false;
        $handler = static function () use (&$retried): P\PromiseInterface {
            $retried = true;

            return P\Create::promiseFor(new Psr7\Response(200));
        };

        try {
            CurlFactory::finish($handler, $easy, $factory)->wait();

            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame($response, $e->getResponse());
            self::assertSame('sink failed', $e->getMessage());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $e);
        }

        self::assertFalse($retried, 'A sink write failure must never trigger a request-body rewind retry');
    }

    public function testInvokesOnStatsOnSuccess(): void
    {
        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([new Psr7\Response(200)]);
        $req = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $gotStats = null;
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
        $promise = $handler($req, [
            'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $stats) use (&$gotStats): void {
                $gotStats = $stats;
            },
        ]);
        $response = $promise->wait();
        self::assertSame(200, $response->getStatusCode());
        self::assertSame(200, $gotStats->getResponse()->getStatusCode());
        self::assertSame(
            Server::$url,
            (string) $gotStats->getEffectiveUri()
        );
        self::assertSame(
            Server::$url,
            (string) $gotStats->getRequest()->getUri()
        );
        self::assertGreaterThan(0, $gotStats->getTransferTime());
        self::assertArrayHasKey('appconnect_time', $gotStats->getHandlerStats());
    }

    public function testInvokesOnStatsOnError(): void
    {
        $req = new Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://127.0.0.1:123');
        $gotStats = null;
        $handler = new Handler\CurlHandler();
        $promise = $handler($req, [
            'connect_timeout' => 0.001,
            'timeout' => 0.001,
            'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $stats) use (&$gotStats): void {
                $gotStats = $stats;
            },
        ]);
        $promise->wait(false);
        self::assertFalse($gotStats->hasResponse());
        self::assertSame(
            'http://127.0.0.1:123',
            (string) $gotStats->getEffectiveUri()
        );
        self::assertSame(
            'http://127.0.0.1:123',
            (string) $gotStats->getRequest()->getUri()
        );
        self::assertIsFloat($gotStats->getTransferTime());
        self::assertIsInt($gotStats->getHandlerErrorData());
        self::assertArrayHasKey('appconnect_time', $gotStats->getHandlerStats());
    }

    public function testInvokesOnStatsAfterSuccessHandleRelease(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = null;
        $called = false;
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $stats) use (&$easy, $factory, &$called): void {
                $called = true;
                self::assertInstanceOf(EasyHandle::class, $easy);
                self::assertTrue($stats->hasResponse());
                self::assertArrayNotHasKey('handle', \get_object_vars($easy));
                self::assertCount(1, self::readIdleHandles($factory));
            },
        ]);
        $easy->response = new Psr7\Response(200);

        $promise = CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $easy,
            $factory
        );

        self::assertTrue($called);
        self::assertSame(200, $promise->wait()->getStatusCode());
    }

    public function testSurfacesSeekableBodyRewindFailureAsResponseException(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $previous = new \Exception('rewind failed');
        $response = new Psr7\Response(
            200,
            [],
            Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('abc'), [
                'isSeekable' => static function (): bool {
                    return true;
                },
                'rewind' => static function () use ($previous): void {
                    throw $previous;
                },
            ])
        );
        $easy = null;
        $exception = null;
        $stats = null;
        $easy = $factory->create($request, [
            'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $transferStats) use (&$easy, $factory, &$stats): void {
                $stats = $transferStats;
                self::assertInstanceOf(EasyHandle::class, $easy);
                self::assertArrayNotHasKey('handle', \get_object_vars($easy));
                self::assertCount(1, self::readIdleHandles($factory));
            },
        ]);
        $easy->response = $response;

        try {
            CurlFactory::finish(
                static function (): void {
                },
                $easy,
                $factory
            )->wait();

            self::fail('Expected ResponseException');
        } catch (ResponseException $e) {
            $exception = $e;
            self::assertSame($request, $e->getRequest());
            self::assertSame($response, $e->getResponse());
            self::assertSame($previous, $e->getPrevious());
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTimeoutException::class, $e);
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $e);
        }

        self::assertInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $exception);
        self::assertInstanceOf(TransferStats::class, $stats);
        self::assertTrue($stats->hasResponse());
        self::assertSame($response, $stats->getResponse());
        self::assertSame($exception, $stats->getHandlerErrorData());
    }

    public function testSeekableBodyRewindErrorPropagates(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $previous = new \Error('rewind failed');
        $response = new Psr7\Response(
            200,
            [],
            Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('abc'), [
                'isSeekable' => static function (): bool {
                    return true;
                },
                'rewind' => static function () use ($previous): void {
                    throw $previous;
                },
            ])
        );
        $easy = $factory->create($request, []);
        $easy->response = $response;

        try {
            CurlFactory::finish(
                static function (): void {
                },
                $easy,
                $factory
            )->wait();
            self::fail('Expected Error');
        } catch (\Error $e) {
            self::assertSame($previous, $e);
        }
    }

    public function testOnStatsExceptionEscapesOnSeekableBodyRewindFailureAfterHandleRelease(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $rewindFailure = new \RuntimeException('rewind failed');
        $statsFailure = new \RuntimeException('stats failed');
        $response = new Psr7\Response(
            200,
            [],
            Psr7\FnStream::decorate(Psr7\Utils::streamFor('abc'), [
                'isSeekable' => static function (): bool {
                    return true;
                },
                'rewind' => static function () use ($rewindFailure): void {
                    throw $rewindFailure;
                },
            ])
        );
        $easy = null;
        $called = false;
        $easy = $factory->create($request, [
            'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $stats) use (&$easy, $factory, &$called, $response, $rewindFailure, $statsFailure): void {
                $called = true;
                self::assertInstanceOf(EasyHandle::class, $easy);
                self::assertTrue($stats->hasResponse());
                self::assertSame($response, $stats->getResponse());
                self::assertArrayNotHasKey('handle', \get_object_vars($easy));
                self::assertCount(1, self::readIdleHandles($factory));

                $error = $stats->getHandlerErrorData();
                self::assertInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $error);
                self::assertSame($rewindFailure, $error->getPrevious());
                self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTransferException::class, $error);
                self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseTimeoutException::class, $error);
                self::assertNotInstanceOf(NetworkExceptionInterface::class, $error);

                throw $statsFailure;
            },
        ]);
        $easy->response = $response;

        try {
            CurlFactory::finish(
                static function (): void {
                },
                $easy,
                $factory
            );

            self::fail('Expected RuntimeException');
        } catch (\RuntimeException $e) {
            self::assertSame($statsFailure, $e);
        }

        self::assertTrue($called);
    }

    public function testInvokesOnStatsAfterErrorHandleRelease(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easy = null;
        $called = false;
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_stats' => static function (TransferStats $stats) use (&$easy, $factory, &$called): void {
                $called = true;
                self::assertInstanceOf(EasyHandle::class, $easy);
                self::assertFalse($stats->hasResponse());
                self::assertSame(\CURLE_COULDNT_CONNECT, $stats->getHandlerErrorData());
                self::assertArrayNotHasKey('handle', \get_object_vars($easy));
                self::assertCount(1, self::readIdleHandles($factory));
            },
        ]);
        $easy->errno = \CURLE_COULDNT_CONNECT;

        CurlFactory::finish(
            static function (): void {
            },
            $easy,
            $factory
        )->wait(false);

        self::assertTrue($called);
    }

    public function testOnStatsExceptionEscapesAfterHandleRelease(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $previous = new \RuntimeException('stats failed');
        $easy = null;
        $easy = $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url), [
            'on_stats' => static function () use (&$easy, $factory, $previous): void {
                self::assertInstanceOf(EasyHandle::class, $easy);
                self::assertArrayNotHasKey('handle', \get_object_vars($easy));
                self::assertCount(1, self::readIdleHandles($factory));

                throw $previous;
            },
        ]);
        $easy->response = new Psr7\Response(200);

        try {
            CurlFactory::finish(
                static function (): void {
                },
                $easy,
                $factory
            );
            self::fail('Expected RuntimeException');
        } catch (\RuntimeException $e) {
            self::assertSame($previous, $e);
        }
    }

    public function testRewindsBodyIfPossible(): void
    {
        $body = Psr7\Utils::streamFor(\str_repeat('x', 1024 * 1024 * 2));
        $body->seek(1024 * 1024);
        self::assertSame(1024 * 1024, $body->tell());

        $req = new Psr7\Request('POST', 'https://www.example.com', [
            'Content-Length' => (string) (1024 * 1024 * 2),
        ], $body);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $factory->create($req, []);

        self::assertSame(0, $body->tell());
    }

    public function testDoesNotRewindUnseekableBody(): void
    {
        $body = Psr7\Utils::streamFor(\str_repeat('x', 1024 * 1024 * 2));
        $body->seek(1024 * 1024);
        $body = new Psr7\NoSeekStream($body);
        self::assertSame(1024 * 1024, $body->tell());

        $req = new Psr7\Request('POST', 'https://www.example.com', [
            'Content-Length' => (string) (1024 * 1024),
        ], $body);
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $factory->create($req, []);

        self::assertSame(1024 * 1024, $body->tell());
    }

    public function testRelease(): void
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(1);
        $easyHandle = new EasyHandle();
        $easyHandle->handle = \curl_init();

        self::assertEmpty($factory->release($easyHandle));
    }

    /**
     * https://github.com/guzzle/guzzle/issues/2735
     */
    public function testBodyEofOnWindows(): void
    {
        $expectedLength = 4097;

        Server::flush();
        Server::enqueue([
            new Psr7\Response(200, [
                'Content-Length' => (string) $expectedLength,
            ], \str_repeat('x', $expectedLength)),
        ]);

        $handler = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
        $request = new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url);
        $promise = $handler($request, []);
        $response = $promise->wait();
        $body = $response->getBody();

        $actualLength = 0;
        while (!$body->eof()) {
            $chunk = $body->read(4096);
            $actualLength += \strlen($chunk);
        }
        self::assertSame($expectedLength, $actualLength);
    }

    public function testHandlesGarbageHttpServerGracefully(): void
    {
        $a = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();

        $this->expectException(RequestException::class);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('cURL error 1: Received HTTP/0.9 when not allowed');

        $a(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url.'guzzle-server/garbage'), [])->wait();
    }

    public function testHandlesInvalidStatusCodeGracefully(): void
    {
        $a = new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();

        try {
            $a(new Psr7\Request('GET', Server::$url.'guzzle-server/bad-status'), [])->wait();
            self::fail('Expected RequestException');
        } catch (RequestException $e) {
            self::assertStringContainsString(
                'An error was encountered while creating the response',
                $e->getMessage()
            );
            self::assertNotInstanceOf(ResponseException::class, $e);
            self::assertInstanceOf(\RuntimeException::class, $e->getPrevious());
        }
    }

    private static function skipIfWindows(): void
    {
        if (\PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Windows') {
            self::markTestSkipped('Environment variables are case-insensitive on Windows.');
        }
    }

    /**
     * Runs the callback with only the given proxy environment variables set,
     * restoring the process environment afterwards.
     *
     * @param array<string, string> $env
     */
    private static function withProxyEnvironment(array $env, callable $test): void
    {
        $names = ['http_proxy', 'HTTP_PROXY', 'https_proxy', 'HTTPS_PROXY', 'all_proxy', 'ALL_PROXY', 'no_proxy', 'NO_PROXY'];
        $previous = [];
        foreach ($names as $name) {
            $previous[$name] = \getenv($name, true);
            \putenv($name);
        }
        foreach ($env as $name => $value) {
            \putenv($name.'='.$value);
        }

        try {
            $test();
        } finally {
            foreach ($names as $name) {
                \putenv($name);
            }
            foreach ($previous as $name => $value) {
                if ($value !== false) {
                    \putenv($name.'='.$value);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param string[] $expectedProtocols
     */
    private static function assertCurlProtocols(array $expectedProtocols): void
    {
        if (CurlVersion::supportsProtocolsStr()) {
            self::assertSame(
                \implode(',', $expectedProtocols),
                $_SERVER['_curl'][(int) \constant('CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS_STR')]
            );
            self::assertArrayNotHasKey(\CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS, $_SERVER['_curl']);

            return;
        }

        self::assertSame(self::curlProtocolMask($expectedProtocols), $_SERVER['_curl'][\CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS]);
    }

    /**
     * @param string[] $protocols
     */
    private static function curlProtocolMask(array $protocols): int
    {
        $mask = 0;

        if (\in_array('http', $protocols, true)) {
            $mask |= \CURLPROTO_HTTP;
        }

        if (\in_array('https', $protocols, true)) {
            $mask |= \CURLPROTO_HTTPS;
        }

        return $mask;
    }

    /**
     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $options
     */
    private static function createOnFactory(CurlFactory $factory, string $version, string $uri, array $options): EasyHandle
    {
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => $version,
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature(),
        ]);

        try {
            return $factory->create(new Psr7\Request('GET', $uri), $options);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Mirrors createOnFactory() but drives a caller-supplied request so a PSR
     * Proxy-Authorization header can be exercised.
     *
     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $options
     */
    private static function createRequestOnFactory(CurlFactory $factory, string $version, RequestInterface $request, array $options): EasyHandle
    {
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => $version,
            'features' => self::curlSslFeature(),
        ]);

        try {
            return $factory->create($request, $options);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    private static function requireProxyHeaderSeparationConstants(): void
    {
        foreach (['CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER', 'CURLOPT_HEADEROPT', 'CURLHEADER_SEPARATE'] as $constant) {
            if (!\defined($constant)) {
                self::markTestSkipped($constant.' is not available.');
            }
        }
    }

    private static function proxyHeaderOption(): int
    {
        if (!\defined('CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER is not available.');
        }

        return (int) \constant('CURLOPT_PROXYHEADER');
    }

    /**
     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $conf
     */
    private static function normalizeCurlHeaderOptions(array &$conf): void
    {
        $method = new \ReflectionMethod(CurlFactory::class, 'normalizeCurlHeaderOptions');
        if (\PHP_VERSION_ID < 80100) {
            $method->setAccessible(true);
        }

        $method->invokeArgs(null, [&$conf]);
    }

    /**
     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $options
     *
     * @return array<int|string, mixed>
     */
    private static function getDefaultCurlConf(RequestInterface $request, array $options): array
    {
        $factory = new CurlFactory(3);
        $easy = new EasyHandle();
        $easy->request = $request;
        $easy->options = $options;

        $method = new \ReflectionMethod(CurlFactory::class, 'getDefaultConf');
        if (\PHP_VERSION_ID < 80100) {
            $method->setAccessible(true);
        }

        return $method->invoke($factory, $easy);
    }

    private static function redactProxyUserInfo(string $error, ?string $proxy): string
    {
        $method = new \ReflectionMethod(CurlFactory::class, 'redactProxyUserInfo');
        if (\PHP_VERSION_ID < 80100) {
            $method->setAccessible(true);
        }

        return $method->invoke(null, $error, $proxy);
    }

    /**
     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $conf
     */
    private static function computeProxyTunnelSignature(string $version, string $uri, array $conf): ?string
    {
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => $version,
            'features' => 0,
        ]);

        try {
            $method = new \ReflectionMethod(CurlFactory::class, 'proxyTunnelSignature');
            if (\PHP_VERSION_ID < 80100) {
                $method->setAccessible(true);
            }

            return $method->invoke(null, new Psr7\Request('GET', $uri), $conf);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    private static function computeRequiresFreshForAuthenticatedProxy(string $version, string $uri, array $conf): bool
    {
        $previousVersionInfo = self::setCurlVersionInfo([
            'version' => $version,
            'features' => 0,
        ]);

        try {
            $method = new \ReflectionMethod(CurlFactory::class, 'requiresFreshConnectionForAuthenticatedProxy');
            if (\PHP_VERSION_ID < 80100) {
                $method->setAccessible(true);
            }

            return $method->invoke(null, new Psr7\Request('GET', $uri), $conf[\CURLOPT_PROXY], $conf);
        } finally {
            self::setCurlVersionInfo($previousVersionInfo);
        }
    }

    private static function requireHttp3TestConstants(): void
    {
        foreach (['CURL_VERSION_HTTP3', 'CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3', 'CURL_HTTP_VERSION_3ONLY'] as $constant) {
            if (!\defined($constant)) {
                self::markTestSkipped($constant.' is not available.');
            }
        }
    }

    private static function http3FeatureMask(bool $withHttp2): int
    {
        self::requireHttp3TestConstants();

        $features = (int) \constant('CURL_VERSION_HTTP3') | self::curlSslFeature();
        if ($withHttp2) {
            if (!\defined('CURL_VERSION_HTTP2')) {
                self::markTestSkipped('CURL_VERSION_HTTP2 is not available.');
            }

            $features |= (int) \constant('CURL_VERSION_HTTP2');
        }

        return $features;
    }

    private static function curlSslFeature(): int
    {
        if (!\defined('CURL_VERSION_SSL')) {
            self::markTestSkipped('CURL_VERSION_SSL is not available.');
        }

        return \CURL_VERSION_SSL;
    }

    public static function curlHandlerProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            'curl' => [static function (): callable {
                return new Handler\CurlHandler();
            }],
            'curl_multi' => [static function (): callable {
                return new Handler\CurlMultiHandler();
            }],
        ];
    }

    private static function progressCallbackOption(): int
    {
        if (\defined('CURLOPT_XFERINFOFUNCTION')) {
            return (int) \constant('CURLOPT_XFERINFOFUNCTION');
        }

        return \CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION;
    }

    /**
     * @param array{version: string, features: int}|false|null $versionInfo
     *
     * @return array{version: string, features: int}|false|null
     */
    private static function setCurlVersionInfo($versionInfo)
    {
        $property = new \ReflectionProperty(CurlVersion::class, 'versionInfo');
        if (\PHP_VERSION_ID < 80100) {
            $property->setAccessible(true);
        }

        $previousVersionInfo = $property->getValue();

        $property->setValue(null, $versionInfo);

        return $previousVersionInfo;
    }

    private static function readIdleHandles(CurlFactory $factory): array
    {
        $readHandles = \Closure::bind(static function (CurlFactory $factory): array {
            return $factory->handles;
        }, null, CurlFactory::class);

        return $readHandles($factory);
    }

    private static function readShareHandle(CurlFactory $factory)
    {
        $readShareHandle = \Closure::bind(static function (CurlFactory $factory) {
            return $factory->shareHandle;
        }, null, CurlFactory::class);

        return $readShareHandle($factory);
    }

    private static function requestWithProtocolVersion(string $protocolVersion): RequestInterface
    {
        return new class($protocolVersion) extends Psr7\Request {
            /** @var string */
            private $protocolVersion;

            public function __construct(string $protocolVersion)
            {
                parent::__construct('GET', Server::$url);

                $this->protocolVersion = $protocolVersion;
            }

            public function getProtocolVersion(): string
            {
                return $this->protocolVersion;
            }

            public function withProtocolVersion(string $version): MessageInterface
            {
                if ($this->protocolVersion === $version) {
                    return $this;
                }

                $new = clone $this;
                $new->protocolVersion = $version;

                return $new;
            }
        };
    }

    private static function curlInputSizeOption(): int
    {
        return \defined('CURLOPT_INFILESIZE_LARGE')
            ? (int) \constant('CURLOPT_INFILESIZE_LARGE')
            : \CURLOPT_INFILESIZE;
    }

    private static function skipIfCurlShareIsUnavailable(): void
    {
        if (
            !\function_exists('curl_share_init')
            || !\function_exists('curl_share_setopt')
            || !\defined('CURLOPT_SHARE')
        ) {
            self::markTestSkipped('cURL share handles are unavailable.');
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param resource|\CurlShareHandle $shareHandle
     */
    private static function closeShareHandleOnPhp7($shareHandle): void
    {
        if (PHP_VERSION_ID < 80000 && \is_resource($shareHandle)) {
            \curl_share_close($shareHandle);
        }
    }

    public function testRejectsNativePhpUnserialization(): void
    {
        $class = CurlFactory::class;

        try {
            \unserialize(\sprintf('O:%d:"%s":0:{}', \strlen($class), $class), ['allowed_classes' => [$class]]);
            self::fail('Expected unserialization to fail.');
        } catch (\LogicException $e) {
            self::assertSame($class.' should never be unserialized', $e->getMessage());
        }
    }
}
