---
stage: Enablement
group: Geo
info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
---

# Troubleshooting Geo **(PREMIUM SELF)**

Setting up Geo requires careful attention to details, and sometimes it's easy to
miss a step.

Here is a list of steps you should take to attempt to fix problem:

1. Perform [basic troubleshooting](#basic-troubleshooting).
1. Fix any [replication errors](#fixing-replication-errors).
1. Fix any [common](#fixing-common-errors) errors.

## Basic troubleshooting

Before attempting more advanced troubleshooting:

- Check [the health of the **secondary** node](#check-the-health-of-the-secondary-node).
- Check [if PostgreSQL replication is working](#check-if-postgresql-replication-is-working).

### Check the health of the **secondary** node

On the **primary** node:

1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Admin**.
1. On the left sidebar, select **Geo > Nodes**.

We perform the following health checks on each **secondary** node
to help identify if something is wrong:

- Is the node running?
- Is the node's secondary database configured for streaming replication?
- Is the node's secondary tracking database configured?
- Is the node's secondary tracking database connected?
- Is the node's secondary tracking database up-to-date?

![Geo health check](img/geo_site_health_v14_0.png)

For information about how to resolve common error messages reported from the user interface,
see [Fixing Common Errors](#fixing-common-errors).

If the user interface is not working, or you are unable to sign in, you can run the Geo
health check manually to get this information and a few more details.

#### Health check Rake task

This Rake task can be run on an app node in the **primary** or **secondary**
Geo nodes:

```shell
sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:geo:check
```

Example output:

```plaintext
Checking Geo ...

GitLab Geo is available ... yes
GitLab Geo is enabled ... yes
This machine's Geo node name matches a database record ... yes, found a secondary node named "Shanghai"
GitLab Geo secondary database is correctly configured ... yes
Database replication enabled? ... yes
Database replication working? ... yes
GitLab Geo HTTP(S) connectivity ...
* Can connect to the primary node ... yes
HTTP/HTTPS repository cloning is enabled ... yes
Machine clock is synchronized ... yes
Git user has default SSH configuration? ... yes
OpenSSH configured to use AuthorizedKeysCommand ... yes
GitLab configured to disable writing to authorized_keys file ... yes
GitLab configured to store new projects in hashed storage? ... yes
All projects are in hashed storage? ... yes

Checking Geo ... Finished
```

#### Sync status Rake task

Current sync information can be found manually by running this Rake task on any
node running Rails (Puma, Sidekiq, or Geo Log Cursor) on the Geo **secondary** site:

```shell
sudo gitlab-rake geo:status
```

The output includes:

- a count of "failed" items if any failures occurred
- the percentage of "succeeded" items, relative to the "total"

Example:

```plaintext
http://secondary.example.com/
-----------------------------------------------------
                        GitLab Version: 14.9.2-ee
                              Geo Role: Secondary
                         Health Status: Healthy
                          Repositories: succeeded 12345 / total 12345 (100%)
                 Verified Repositories: succeeded 12345 / total 12345 (100%)
                                 Wikis: succeeded 6789 / total 6789 (100%)
                        Verified Wikis: succeeded 6789 / total 6789 (100%)
                           Attachments: succeeded 4 / total 4 (100%)
                      CI job artifacts: succeeded 0 / total 0 (0%)
                   Design repositories: succeeded 1 / total 1 (100%)
                           LFS Objects: failed 1 / succeeded 2 / total 3 (67%)
                   Merge Request Diffs: succeeded 0 / total 0 (0%)
                         Package Files: failed 1 / succeeded 2 / total 3 (67%)
              Terraform State Versions: failed 1 / succeeded 2 / total 3 (67%)
                  Snippet Repositories: failed 1 / succeeded 2 / total 3 (67%)
               Group Wiki Repositories: succeeded 4 / total 4 (100%)
                    Pipeline Artifacts: failed 3 / succeeded 0 / total 3 (0%)
                     Pages Deployments: succeeded 0 / total 0 (0%)
                  Repositories Checked: failed 5 / succeeded 0 / total 5 (0%)
                Package Files Verified: succeeded 0 / total 10 (0%)
     Terraform State Versions Verified: succeeded 0 / total 10 (0%)
         Snippet Repositories Verified: succeeded 99 / total 100 (99%)
           Pipeline Artifacts Verified: succeeded 0 / total 10 (0%)
                         Sync Settings: Full
              Database replication lag: 0 seconds
       Last event ID seen from primary: 12345 (about 2 minutes ago)
     Last event ID processed by cursor: 12345 (about 2 minutes ago)
                Last status report was: 1 minute ago
```

To find more details about failed items, check
[the `gitlab-rails/geo.log` file](../../troubleshooting/log_parsing.md#find-most-common-geo-sync-errors)

### Check if PostgreSQL replication is working

To check if PostgreSQL replication is working, check if:

- [Sites are pointing to the correct database node](#are-sites-pointing-to-the-correct-database-node).
- [Geo can detect the current site correctly](#can-geo-detect-the-current-site-correctly).

#### Are sites pointing to the correct database node?

You should make sure your **primary** Geo [site](../glossary.md) points to
the database node that has write permissions.

Any **secondary** sites should point only to read-only database nodes.

#### Can Geo detect the current site correctly?

Geo finds the current Puma or Sidekiq node's Geo [site](../glossary.md) name in
`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` with the following logic:

1. Get the "Geo node name" (there is
   [an issue to rename the settings to "Geo site name"](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/335944)):
   - Omnibus GitLab: Get the `gitlab_rails['geo_node_name']` setting.
   - GitLab Helm Charts: Get the `global.geo.nodeName` setting (see [Charts with GitLab Geo](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/advanced/geo/index.html)).
1. If that is not defined, then get the `external_url` setting.

This name is used to look up the Geo site with the same **Name** in the **Geo Sites**
dashboard.

To check if the current machine has a site name that matches a site in the
database, run the check task:

```shell
sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:geo:check
```

It displays the current machine's site name and whether the matching database
record is a **primary** or **secondary** site.

```plaintext
This machine's Geo node name matches a database record ... yes, found a secondary node named "Shanghai"
```

```plaintext
This machine's Geo node name matches a database record ... no
  Try fixing it:
  You could add or update a Geo node database record, setting the name to "https://example.com/".
  Or you could set this machine's Geo node name to match the name of an existing database record: "London", "Shanghai"
  For more information see:
  doc/administration/geo/replication/troubleshooting.md#can-geo-detect-the-current-node-correctly
```

Learn more about recommended site names in the description of the Name field in
[Geo Admin Area Common Settings](../../../user/admin_area/geo_nodes.md#common-settings).

### Message: `WARNING: oldest xmin is far in the past` and `pg_wal` size growing

If a replication slot is inactive,
the `pg_wal` logs corresponding to the slot are reserved forever
(or until the slot is active again). This causes continuous disk usage growth
and the following messages appear repeatedly in the
[PostgreSQL logs](../../logs.md#postgresql-logs):

```plaintext
WARNING: oldest xmin is far in the past
HINT: Close open transactions soon to avoid wraparound problems.
You might also need to commit or roll back old prepared transactions, or drop stale replication slots.
```

To fix this:

1. [Connect to the primary database](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/database.html#connecting-to-the-bundled-postgresql-database).

1. Run `SELECT * FROM pg_replication_slots;`.
   Note the `slot_name` that reports `active` as `f` (false).

1. Follow [the steps to remove that Geo site](remove_geo_site.md).

## Fixing errors found when running the Geo check Rake task

When running this Rake task, you may see error messages if the nodes are not properly configured:

```shell
sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:geo:check
```

- Rails did not provide a password when connecting to the database.

  ```plaintext
  Checking Geo ...

  GitLab Geo is available ... Exception: fe_sendauth: no password supplied
  GitLab Geo is enabled ... Exception: fe_sendauth: no password supplied
  ...
  Checking Geo ... Finished
  ```

  Ensure you have the `gitlab_rails['db_password']` set to the plain-text
  password used when creating the hash for `postgresql['sql_user_password']`.

- Rails is unable to connect to the database.

  ```plaintext
  Checking Geo ...

  GitLab Geo is available ... Exception: FATAL:  no pg_hba.conf entry for host "1.1.1.1",  user "gitlab", database "gitlabhq_production", SSL on
  FATAL:  no pg_hba.conf entry for host "1.1.1.1", user "gitlab", database "gitlabhq_production", SSL off
  GitLab Geo is enabled ... Exception: FATAL:  no pg_hba.conf entry for host "1.1.1.1", user "gitlab", database "gitlabhq_production", SSL on
  FATAL:  no pg_hba.conf entry for host "1.1.1.1", user "gitlab", database "gitlabhq_production", SSL off
  ...
  Checking Geo ... Finished
  ```

  Ensure you have the IP address of the rails node included in `postgresql['md5_auth_cidr_addresses']`.
  Also, ensure you have included the subnet mask on the IP address: `postgresql['md5_auth_cidr_addresses'] = ['1.1.1.1/32']`.

- Rails has supplied the incorrect password.

  ```plaintext
  Checking Geo ...
  GitLab Geo is available ... Exception: FATAL:  password authentication failed for user "gitlab"
  FATAL:  password authentication failed for user "gitlab"
  GitLab Geo is enabled ... Exception: FATAL:  password authentication failed for user "gitlab"
  FATAL:  password authentication failed for user "gitlab"
  ...
  Checking Geo ... Finished
  ```

  Verify the correct password is set for `gitlab_rails['db_password']` that was
  used when creating the hash in  `postgresql['sql_user_password']` by running
  `gitlab-ctl pg-password-md5 gitlab` and entering the password.

- Check returns `not a secondary node`.

  ```plaintext
  Checking Geo ...

  GitLab Geo is available ... yes
  GitLab Geo is enabled ... yes
  GitLab Geo secondary database is correctly configured ... not a secondary node
  Database replication enabled? ... not a secondary node
  ...
  Checking Geo ... Finished
  ```

  Ensure you have added the secondary node in the Admin Area of the **primary** node.
  Also ensure you entered the `external_url` or `gitlab_rails['geo_node_name']`
  when adding the secondary node in the Admin Area of the **primary** node.
  In GitLab 12.3 and earlier, edit the secondary node in the Admin Area of the **primary**
  node and ensure that there is a trailing `/` in the `Name` field.

- Check returns `Exception: PG::UndefinedTable: ERROR:  relation "geo_nodes" does not exist`.

  ```plaintext
  Checking Geo ...

  GitLab Geo is available ... no
    Try fixing it:
    Add a new license that includes the GitLab Geo feature
    For more information see:
    https://about.gitlab.com/features/gitlab-geo/
  GitLab Geo is enabled ... Exception: PG::UndefinedTable: ERROR:  relation "geo_nodes" does not exist
  LINE 8:                WHERE a.attrelid = '"geo_nodes"'::regclass
                                             ^
  :               SELECT a.attname, format_type(a.atttypid, a.atttypmod),
                       pg_get_expr(d.adbin, d.adrelid), a.attnotnull, a.atttypid, a.atttypmod,
                       c.collname, col_description(a.attrelid, a.attnum) AS comment
                  FROM pg_attribute a
                  LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d ON a.attrelid = d.adrelid AND a.attnum = d.adnum
                  LEFT JOIN pg_type t ON a.atttypid = t.oid
                  LEFT JOIN pg_collation c ON a.attcollation = c.oid AND a.attcollation <> t.typcollation
                 WHERE a.attrelid = '"geo_nodes"'::regclass
                   AND a.attnum > 0 AND NOT a.attisdropped
                 ORDER BY a.attnum
  ...
  Checking Geo ... Finished
  ```

  When performing a PostgreSQL major version (9 > 10) update this is expected. Follow
  the [initiate-the-replication-process](../setup/database.md#step-3-initiate-the-replication-process).

## Fixing replication errors

The following sections outline troubleshooting steps for fixing replication
error messages (indicated by `Database replication working? ... no` in the
[`geo:check` output](#health-check-rake-task).

### Message: `ERROR:  replication slots can only be used if max_replication_slots > 0`?

This means that the `max_replication_slots` PostgreSQL variable needs to
be set on the **primary** database. This setting defaults to 1. You may need to
increase this value if you have more **secondary** nodes.

Be sure to restart PostgreSQL for this to take effect. See the
[PostgreSQL replication setup](../setup/database.md#postgresql-replication) guide for more details.

### Message: `FATAL:  could not start WAL streaming: ERROR:  replication slot "geo_secondary_my_domain_com" does not exist`?

This occurs when PostgreSQL does not have a replication slot for the
**secondary** node by that name.

You may want to rerun the [replication
process](../setup/database.md) on the **secondary** node .

### Message: "Command exceeded allowed execution time" when setting up replication?

This may happen while [initiating the replication process](../setup/database.md#step-3-initiate-the-replication-process) on the **secondary** node,
and indicates your initial dataset is too large to be replicated in the default timeout (30 minutes).

Re-run `gitlab-ctl replicate-geo-database`, but include a larger value for
`--backup-timeout`:

```shell
sudo gitlab-ctl \
   replicate-geo-database \
   --host=<primary_node_hostname> \
   --slot-name=<secondary_slot_name> \
   --backup-timeout=21600
```

This gives the initial replication up to six hours to complete, rather than
the default 30 minutes. Adjust as required for your installation.

### Message: "PANIC: could not write to file `pg_xlog/xlogtemp.123`: No space left on device"

Determine if you have any unused replication slots in the **primary** database. This can cause large amounts of
log data to build up in `pg_xlog`. Removing the unused slots can reduce the amount of space used in the `pg_xlog`.

1. Start a PostgreSQL console session:

   ```shell
   sudo gitlab-psql
   ```

   NOTE:
   Using `gitlab-rails dbconsole` does not work, because managing replication slots requires superuser permissions.

1. View your replication slots:

   ```sql
   SELECT * FROM pg_replication_slots;
   ```

Slots where `active` is `f` are not active.

- When this slot should be active, because you have a **secondary** node configured using that slot,
  sign in to that **secondary** node and check the [PostgreSQL logs](../../logs.md#postgresql-logs)
  to view why the replication is not running.

- If you are no longer using the slot (for example, you no longer have Geo enabled), you can remove it with in the
  PostgreSQL console session:

  ```sql
  SELECT pg_drop_replication_slot('<name_of_extra_slot>');
  ```

### Message: "ERROR: canceling statement due to conflict with recovery"

This error message occurs infrequently under normal usage, and the system is resilient
enough to recover.

However, under certain conditions, some database queries on secondaries may run
excessively long, which increases the frequency of this error message. This can lead to a situation
where some queries never complete due to being canceled on every replication.

These long-running queries are
[planned to be removed in the future](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/34269),
but as a workaround, we recommend enabling
[hot_standby_feedback](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/hot-standby.html#HOT-STANDBY-CONFLICT).
This increases the likelihood of bloat on the **primary** node as it prevents
`VACUUM` from removing recently-dead rows. However, it has been used
successfully in production on GitLab.com.

To enable `hot_standby_feedback`, add the following to `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`
on the **secondary** node:

```ruby
postgresql['hot_standby_feedback'] = 'on'
```

Then reconfigure GitLab:

```shell
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
```

To help us resolve this problem, consider commenting on
[the issue](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/4489).

### Message: `FATAL:  could not connect to the primary server: server certificate for "PostgreSQL" does not match host name`

This happens because the PostgreSQL certificate that the Omnibus GitLab package automatically creates contains
the Common Name `PostgreSQL`, but the replication is connecting to a different host and GitLab attempts to use
the `verify-full` SSL mode by default.

In order to fix this, you can either:

- Use the `--sslmode=verify-ca` argument with the `replicate-geo-database` command.
- For an already replicated database, change `sslmode=verify-full` to `sslmode=verify-ca`
  in `/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/gitlab-geo.conf` and run `gitlab-ctl restart postgresql`.
- [Configure SSL for PostgreSQL](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/database.html#configuring-ssl)
  with a custom certificate (including the host name that's used to connect to the database in the CN or SAN)
  instead of using the automatically generated certificate.

### Message: `LOG:  invalid CIDR mask in address`

This happens on wrongly-formatted addresses in `postgresql['md5_auth_cidr_addresses']`.

```plaintext
2020-03-20_23:59:57.60499 LOG:  invalid CIDR mask in address "***"
2020-03-20_23:59:57.60501 CONTEXT:  line 74 of configuration file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/pg_hba.conf"
```

To fix this, update the IP addresses in `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` under `postgresql['md5_auth_cidr_addresses']`
to respect the CIDR format (that is, `1.2.3.4/32`).

### Message: `LOG:  invalid IP mask "md5": Name or service not known`

This happens when you have added IP addresses without a subnet mask in `postgresql['md5_auth_cidr_addresses']`.

```plaintext
2020-03-21_00:23:01.97353 LOG:  invalid IP mask "md5": Name or service not known
2020-03-21_00:23:01.97354 CONTEXT:  line 75 of configuration file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/pg_hba.conf"
```

To fix this, add the subnet mask in `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` under `postgresql['md5_auth_cidr_addresses']`
to respect the CIDR format (that is, `1.2.3.4/32`).

### Message: `Found data in the gitlabhq_production database!` when running `gitlab-ctl replicate-geo-database`

This happens if data is detected in the `projects` table. When one or more projects are detected, the operation
is aborted to prevent accidental data loss. To bypass this message, pass the `--force` option to the command.

In GitLab 13.4, a seed project is added when GitLab is first installed. This makes it necessary to pass `--force` even
on a new Geo secondary node. There is an [issue to account for seed projects](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/-/issues/5618)
when checking the database.

### Message: `Synchronization failed - Error syncing repository`

WARNING:
If large repositories are affected by this problem,
their resync may take a long time and cause significant load on your Geo nodes,
storage and network systems.

If you see the error message `Synchronization failed - Error syncing repository` along with `fatal: fsck error in packed object`, this indicates
a consistency check error when syncing the repository.

One example of a consistency error is: `error: object f4a87a3be694fbbd6e50a668a31a8513caeaafe3: hasDotgit: contains '.git`.

Removing the malformed objects causing consistency errors require rewriting the repository history, which is not always an option. However,
it's possible to override the consistency checks instead. To do that, follow
[the instructions in the Gitaly docs](../../gitaly/configure_gitaly.md#repository-consistency-checks).

You can also get the error message `Synchronization failed - Error syncing repository` along with the following log messages, this indicates that the expected `geo` remote is not present in the `.git/config` file
of a repository on the secondary Geo node's file system:

```json
{
  "created": "@1603481145.084348757",
  "description": "Error received from peer unix:/var/opt/gitlab/gitaly/gitaly.socket",
  …
  "grpc_message": "exit status 128",
  "grpc_status": 13
}
{  …
  "grpc.request.fullMethod": "/gitaly.RemoteService/FindRemoteRootRef",
  "grpc.request.glProjectPath": "<namespace>/<project>",
  …
  "level": "error",
  "msg": "fatal: 'geo' does not appear to be a git repository
          fatal: Could not read from remote repository. …",
}
```

To solve this:

1. Sign in to the secondary Geo node.

1. Back up [the `.git` folder](../../repository_storage_types.md#translate-hashed-storage-paths).

1. Optional. [Spot-check](../../troubleshooting/log_parsing.md#find-all-projects-affected-by-a-fatal-git-problem)
   a few of those IDs whether they indeed correspond
   to a project with known Geo replication failures.
   Use `fatal: 'geo'` as the `grep` term and the following API call:

   ```shell
   curl --request GET --header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: <your_access_token>" "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/<first_failed_geo_sync_ID>"
   ```

1. Enter the [Rails console](../../troubleshooting/navigating_gitlab_via_rails_console.md) and run:

   ```ruby
   failed_geo_syncs = Geo::ProjectRegistry.failed.pluck(:id)
   failed_geo_syncs.each do |fgs|
     puts Geo::ProjectRegistry.failed.find(fgs).project_id
   end
   ```

1. Run the following commands to reset each project's
   Geo-related attributes and execute a new sync:

   ```ruby
   failed_geo_syncs.each do |fgs|
     registry = Geo::ProjectRegistry.failed.find(fgs)
     registry.update(resync_repository: true, force_to_redownload_repository: false, repository_retry_count: 0)
     Geo::RepositorySyncService.new(registry.project).execute
   end
   ```

### Very large repositories never successfully synchronize on the **secondary** node

GitLab places a timeout on all repository clones, including project imports
and Geo synchronization operations. If a fresh `git clone` of a repository
on the **primary** takes more than the default three hours, you may be affected by this.

To increase the timeout:

1. On the **secondary** node, add the following line to `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`:

   ```ruby
   gitlab_rails['gitlab_shell_git_timeout'] = 14400
   ```

1. Reconfigure GitLab:

   ```shell
   sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
   ```

This increases the timeout to four hours (14400 seconds). Choose a time
long enough to accommodate a full clone of your largest repositories.

### New LFS objects are never replicated

If new LFS objects are never replicated to secondary Geo nodes, check the version of
GitLab you are running. GitLab versions 11.11.x or 12.0.x are affected by
[a bug that results in new LFS objects not being replicated to Geo secondary nodes](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/32696).

To resolve the issue, upgrade to GitLab 12.1 or later.

### Failures during backfill

During a [backfill](../index.md#backfill), failures are scheduled to be retried at the end
of the backfill queue, therefore these failures only clear up **after** the backfill completes.

### Resetting Geo **secondary** node replication

If you get a **secondary** node in a broken state and want to reset the replication state,
to start again from scratch, there are a few steps that can help you:

1. Stop Sidekiq and the Geo LogCursor.

   It's possible to make Sidekiq stop gracefully, but making it stop getting new jobs and
   wait until the current jobs to finish processing.

   You need to send a **SIGTSTP** kill signal for the first phase and them a **SIGTERM**
   when all jobs have finished. Otherwise just use the `gitlab-ctl stop` commands.

   ```shell
   gitlab-ctl status sidekiq
   # run: sidekiq: (pid 10180) <- this is the PID you will use
   kill -TSTP 10180 # change to the correct PID

   gitlab-ctl stop sidekiq
   gitlab-ctl stop geo-logcursor
   ```

   You can watch the [Sidekiq logs](../../logs.md#sidekiq-logs) to know when Sidekiq jobs processing has finished:

   ```shell
   gitlab-ctl tail sidekiq
   ```

1. Rename repository storage folders and create new ones. If you are not concerned about possible orphaned directories and files, you can skip this step.

   ```shell
   mv /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories.old
   mkdir -p /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories
   chown git:git /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories
   ```

   NOTE:
   You may want to remove the `/var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories.old` in the future
   as soon as you confirmed that you don't need it anymore, to save disk space.

1. Optional. Rename other data folders and create new ones.

   WARNING:
   You may still have files on the **secondary** node that have been removed from the **primary** node, but this
   removal has not been reflected. If you skip this step, these files are not removed from the Geo node.

   Any uploaded content (like file attachments, avatars, or LFS objects) is stored in a
   subfolder in one of these paths:

   - `/var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/shared`
   - `/var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/uploads`

   To rename all of them:

   ```shell
   gitlab-ctl stop

   mv /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/shared /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/shared.old
   mkdir -p /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/shared

   mv /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/uploads /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/uploads.old
   mkdir -p /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/uploads

   gitlab-ctl start postgresql
   gitlab-ctl start geo-postgresql
   ```

   Reconfigure to recreate the folders and make sure permissions and ownership
   are correct:

   ```shell
   gitlab-ctl reconfigure
   ```

1. Reset the Tracking Database.

   ```shell
   gitlab-rake db:drop:geo    # on a secondary app node
   gitlab-ctl reconfigure     # on the tracking database node
   gitlab-rake db:migrate:geo # on a secondary app node
   ```

1. Restart previously stopped services.

   ```shell
   gitlab-ctl start
   ```

### Design repository failures on mirrored projects and project imports

On the top bar, under **Menu > Admin > Geo > Nodes**,
if the Design repositories progress bar shows
`Synced` and `Failed` greater than 100%, and negative `Queued`, the instance
is likely affected by
[a bug in GitLab 13.2 and 13.3](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/241668).
It was [fixed in GitLab 13.4 and later](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/40643).

To determine the actual replication status of design repositories in
a [Rails console](../../operations/rails_console.md):

```ruby
secondary = Gitlab::Geo.current_node
counts = {}
secondary.designs.select("projects.id").find_each do |p|
  registry = Geo::DesignRegistry.find_by(project_id: p.id)
  state = registry ? "#{registry.state}" : "registry does not exist yet"
  # puts "Design ID##{p.id}: #{state}" # uncomment this for granular information
  counts[state] ||= 0
  counts[state] += 1
end
puts "\nCounts:", counts
```

Example output:

```plaintext
Design ID#5: started
Design ID#6: synced
Design ID#7: failed
Design ID#8: pending
Design ID#9: synced

Counts:
{"started"=>1, "synced"=>2, "failed"=>1, "pending"=>1}
```

Example output if there are actually zero design repository replication failures:

```plaintext
Design ID#5: synced
Design ID#6: synced
Design ID#7: synced

Counts:
{"synced"=>3}
```

#### If you are promoting a Geo secondary site running on a single server

`gitlab-ctl promotion-preflight-checks` fails due to the existence of
`failed` rows in the `geo_design_registry` table. Use the
[previous snippet](#design-repository-failures-on-mirrored-projects-and-project-imports) to
determine the actual replication status of Design repositories.

`gitlab-ctl promote-to-primary-node` fails since it runs preflight checks.
If the [previous snippet](#design-repository-failures-on-mirrored-projects-and-project-imports)
shows that all designs are synced, you can use the
`--skip-preflight-checks` option or the `--force` option to move forward with
promotion.

#### If you are promoting a Geo secondary site running on multiple servers

`gitlab-ctl promotion-preflight-checks` fails due to the existence of
`failed` rows in the `geo_design_registry` table. Use the
[previous snippet](#design-repository-failures-on-mirrored-projects-and-project-imports) to
determine the actual replication status of Design repositories.

### Sync failure message: "Verification failed with: Error during verification: File is not checksummable"

#### Missing files on the Geo primary site

In GitLab 14.5 and earlier, certain data types which were missing on the Geo primary site were marked as "synced" on Geo secondary sites. This was because from the perspective of Geo secondary sites, the state matched the primary site and nothing more could be done on secondary sites.

Secondaries would regularly try to sync these files again by using the "verification" feature:

- Verification fails since the file doesn't exist.
- The file is marked "sync failed".
- Sync is retried.
- The file is marked "sync succeeded".
- The file is marked "needs verification".
- Repeat until the file is available again on the primary site.

This can be confusing to troubleshoot, since the registry entries are moved through a logical loop by various background jobs. Also, `last_sync_failure` and `verification_failure` are empty after "sync succeeded" but before verification is retried.

If you see sync failures repeatedly and alternately increase, while successes decrease and vice versa, this is likely to be caused by missing files on the primary site. You can confirm this by searching `geo.log` on secondary sites for `File is not checksummable` affecting the same files over and over.

After confirming this is the problem, the files on the primary site need to be fixed. Some possible causes:

- An NFS share became unmounted.
- A disk died or became corrupted.
- Someone unintentionally deleted a file or directory.
- Bugs in GitLab application:
  - A file was moved when it shouldn't have been moved.
  - A file wasn't moved when it should have been moved.
  - A wrong path was generated in the code.
- A non-atomic backup was restored.
- Services or servers or network infrastructure was interrupted/restarted during use.

The appropriate action sometimes depends on the cause. For example, you can remount an NFS share. Often, a root cause may not be apparent or not useful to discover. If you have regular backups, it may be expedient to look through them and pull files from there.

In some cases, a file may be determined to be of low value, and so it may be worth deleting the record.

Geo itself is an excellent mitigation for files missing on the primary. If a file disappears on the primary but it was already synced to the secondary, you can grab the secondary's file. In cases like this, the `File is not checksummable` error message will not occur on Geo secondary sites, and only the primary will log this error message.

This problem is more likely to show up in Geo secondary sites which were set up long after the original GitLab site. In this case, Geo is only surfacing an existing problem.

This behavior affects only the following data types through GitLab 14.6:

| Data type                | From version |
| ------------------------ | ------------ |
| Package Registry         | 13.10        |
| Pipeline Artifacts       | 13.11        |
| Terraform State Versions | 13.12        |
| Infrastructure Registry  | 14.0         |
| External MR diffs        | 14.6         |
| LFS Objects              | 14.6         |
| Pages Deployments        | 14.6         |
| Uploads                  | 14.6         |
| CI Job Artifacts         | 14.6         |

[Since GitLab 14.7, files that are missing on the primary site are now treated as sync failures](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/348745)
to make Geo visibly surface data loss risks. The sync/verification loop is
therefore short-circuited. `last_sync_failure` is now set to `The file is missing on the Geo primary site`.

#### Failed syncs with GitLab-managed object storage replication

There is [an issue in GitLab 14.2 through 14.7](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/299819#note_822629467)
that affects Geo when the GitLab-managed object storage replication is used, causing blob object types to fail synchronization.

Since GitLab 14.2, verification failures result in synchronization failures and cause
a re-synchronization of these objects.

As verification is not implemented for files stored in object storage (see
[issue 13845](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/13845) for more details), this
results in a loop that consistently fails for all objects stored in object storage.

You can work around this by marking the objects as synced and succeeded verification, however
be aware that can also mark objects that may be
[missing from the primary](#missing-files-on-the-geo-primary-site).

To do that, enter the [Rails console](../../troubleshooting/navigating_gitlab_via_rails_console.md)
and run:

```ruby
Gitlab::Geo.verification_enabled_replicator_classes.each do |klass|
  updated = klass.registry_class.failed.where(last_sync_failure: "Verification failed with: Error during verification: File is not checksummable").update_all(verification_checksum: '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000', verification_state: 2, verification_failure: nil, verification_retry_at: nil, state: 2, last_sync_failure: nil, retry_at: nil, verification_retry_count: 0, retry_count: 0)
  pp "Updated #{updated} #{klass.replicable_name_plural}"
end
```

## Fixing errors during a failover or when promoting a secondary to a primary node

The following are possible error messages that might be encountered during failover or
when promoting a secondary to a primary node with strategies to resolve them.

### Message: ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid: Validation failed: Name has already been taken

When [promoting a **secondary** site](../disaster_recovery/index.md#step-3-promoting-a-secondary-site),
you might encounter the following error message:

```plaintext
Running gitlab-rake geo:set_secondary_as_primary...

rake aborted!
ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid: Validation failed: Name has already been taken
/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/ee/lib/tasks/geo.rake:236:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/ee/lib/tasks/geo.rake:221:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/bundle:23:in `load'
/opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/bundle:23:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => geo:set_secondary_as_primary
(See full trace by running task with --trace)

You successfully promoted this node!
```

If you encounter this message when running `gitlab-rake geo:set_secondary_as_primary`
or `gitlab-ctl promote-to-primary-node`, either:

- Enter a Rails console and run:

  ```ruby
  Rails.application.load_tasks; nil
  Gitlab::Geo.expire_cache!
  Rake::Task['geo:set_secondary_as_primary'].invoke
  ```

- Upgrade to GitLab 12.6.3 or later if it is safe to do so. For example,
  if the failover was just a test. A [caching-related
  bug](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/22021) was
  fixed.

### Message: ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid: Validation failed: Enabled Geo primary node cannot be disabled

If you disabled a secondary node, either with the [replication pause task](../index.md#pausing-and-resuming-replication)
(GitLab 13.2) or by using the user interface (GitLab 13.1 and earlier), you must first
re-enable the node before you can continue. This is fixed in GitLab 13.4.

This can be fixed in the database.

1. Start a database console:

   In [GitLab 14.2 and later](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/341210):

   ```shell
   sudo gitlab-rails dbconsole --database main
   ```

   In GitLab 14.1 and earlier:

   ```shell
   sudo gitlab-rails dbconsole
   ```

1. Run the following command, replacing  `https://<secondary url>/` with the URL
   for your secondary server. You can use either `http` or `https`, but ensure that you
   end the URL with a slash (`/`):

   ```sql
   UPDATE geo_nodes SET enabled = true WHERE url = 'https://<secondary url>/' AND enabled = false;"
   ```

   This should update one row.

### Message: ``NoMethodError: undefined method `secondary?' for nil:NilClass``

When [promoting a **secondary** site](../disaster_recovery/index.md#step-3-promoting-a-secondary-site),
you might encounter the following error message:

```plaintext
sudo gitlab-rake geo:set_secondary_as_primary

rake aborted!
NoMethodError: undefined method `secondary?' for nil:NilClass
/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/ee/lib/tasks/geo.rake:232:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/ee/lib/tasks/geo.rake:221:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/bundle:23:in `load'
/opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/bundle:23:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => geo:set_secondary_as_primary
(See full trace by running task with --trace)
```

This command is intended to be executed on a secondary site only, and this error message
is displayed if you attempt to run this command on a primary site.

### Message: `sudo: gitlab-pg-ctl: command not found`

When
[promoting a **secondary** site with multiple nodes](../disaster_recovery/index.md#promoting-a-secondary-site-with-multiple-nodes-running-gitlab-144-and-earlier),
you need to run the `gitlab-pg-ctl` command to promote the PostgreSQL
read-replica database.

In GitLab 12.8 and earlier, this command fails with the message:

```plaintext
sudo: gitlab-pg-ctl: command not found
```

In this case, the workaround is to use the full path to the binary, for example:

```shell
sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/gitlab-pg-ctl promote
```

GitLab 12.9 and later are [unaffected by this error message](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/-/issues/5147).

### Message: `ERROR - Replication is not up-to-date` during `gitlab-ctl promotion-preflight-checks`

In GitLab 13.7 and earlier, if you have a data type with zero items to sync,
this command reports `ERROR - Replication is not up-to-date` even if
replication is actually up-to-date. This bug was fixed in GitLab 13.8 and
later.

### Message: `ERROR - Replication is not up-to-date` during `gitlab-ctl promote-to-primary-node`

In GitLab 13.7 and earlier, if you have a data type with zero items to sync,
this command reports `ERROR - Replication is not up-to-date` even if
replication is actually up-to-date. If replication and verification output
shows that it is complete, you can add `--skip-preflight-checks` to make the command complete promotion. This bug was fixed in GitLab 13.8 and later.

### Errors when using `--skip-preflight-checks` or `--force`

In GitLab 13.4 and earlier, you could receive one of the following error messages when using
`--skip-preflight-checks` or `--force`:

```plaintext
get_ctl_options': invalid option: --skip-preflight-checks (OptionParser::InvalidOption)

get_ctl_options': invalid option: --force (OptionParser::InvalidOption)
```

This can happen with XFS or file systems that list files in lexical order, because the
load order of the Omnibus GitLab command files can be different than expected, and a global function would get redefined.
More details can be found in [the related issue](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/-/issues/6076).

The workaround is to manually run the preflight checks and promote the database, by running
the following commands on the Geo secondary site:

```shell
sudo gitlab-ctl promotion-preflight-checks
sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/gitlab-pg-ctl promote
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
sudo gitlab-rake geo:set_secondary_as_primary
```

## Expired artifacts

If you notice for some reason there are more artifacts on the Geo
secondary node than on the Geo primary node, you can use the Rake task
to [cleanup orphan artifact files](../../../raketasks/cleanup.md#remove-orphan-artifact-files).

On a Geo **secondary** node, this command also cleans up all Geo
registry record related to the orphan files on disk.

## Fixing sign in errors

### Message: The redirect URI included is not valid

If you are able to sign in to the **primary** node, but you receive this error message
when attempting to sign in to a **secondary**, you should verify the Geo
node's URL matches its external URL.

On the **primary** node:

1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Admin**.
1. On the left sidebar, select **Geo > Nodes**.
1. Find the affected **secondary** site and select **Edit**.
1. Ensure the **URL** field matches the value found in `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`
   in `external_url "https://gitlab.example.com"` on the frontend servers of
   the **secondary** node.

## Fixing common errors

This section documents common error messages reported in the Admin Area, and how to fix them.

### Geo database configuration file is missing

GitLab cannot find or doesn't have permission to access the `database_geo.yml` configuration file.

In an Omnibus GitLab installation, the file should be in `/var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/etc`.
If it doesn't exist or inadvertent changes have been made to it, run `sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure` to restore it to its correct state.

If this path is mounted on a remote volume, ensure your volume configuration
has the correct permissions.

### An existing tracking database cannot be reused

Geo cannot reuse an existing tracking database.

It is safest to use a fresh secondary, or reset the whole secondary by following
[Resetting Geo secondary node replication](#resetting-geo-secondary-node-replication).

### Geo node has a database that is writable which is an indication it is not configured for replication with the primary node

This error message refers to a problem with the database replica on a **secondary** node,
which Geo expects to have access to. It usually means, either:

- An unsupported replication method was used (for example, logical replication).
- The instructions to set up a [Geo database replication](../setup/database.md) were not followed correctly.
- Your database connection details are incorrect, that is you have specified the wrong
  user in your `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` file.

Geo **secondary** sites require two separate PostgreSQL instances:

- A read-only replica of the **primary** node.
- A regular, writable instance that holds replication metadata. That is, the Geo tracking database.

This error message indicates that the replica database in the **secondary** site is misconfigured and replication has stopped.

To restore the database and resume replication, you can do one of the following:

- [Reset the Geo secondary site replication](#resetting-geo-secondary-node-replication).
- [Set up a new secondary Geo Omnibus instance](../setup/index.md#using-omnibus-gitlab).

If you set up a new secondary from scratch, you must also [remove the old site from the Geo cluster](remove_geo_site.md#removing-secondary-geo-sites).

### Geo node does not appear to be replicating the database from the primary node

The most common problems that prevent the database from replicating correctly are:

- **Secondary** nodes cannot reach the **primary** node. Check credentials, firewall rules, and so on.
- SSL certificate problems. Make sure you copied `/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json` from the **primary** node.
- Database storage disk is full.
- Database replication slot is misconfigured.
- Database is not using a replication slot or another alternative and cannot catch-up because WAL files were purged.

Make sure you follow the [Geo database replication](../setup/database.md) instructions for supported configuration.

### Geo database version (...) does not match latest migration (...)

If you are using Omnibus GitLab installation, something might have failed during upgrade. You can:

- Run `sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure`.
- Manually trigger the database migration by running: `sudo gitlab-rake db:migrate:geo` as root on the **secondary** node.

### GitLab indicates that more than 100% of repositories were synced

This can be caused by orphaned records in the project registry. You can clear them
[using a Rake task](../../../administration/raketasks/geo.md#remove-orphaned-project-registries).

### Geo Admin Area returns 404 error for a secondary node

Sometimes `sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:geo:check` indicates that the **secondary** node is
healthy, but a 404 Not Found error message for the **secondary** node is returned in the Geo Admin Area on
the **primary** node.

To resolve this issue:

- Try restarting the **secondary** using `sudo gitlab-ctl restart`.
- Check `/var/log/gitlab/gitlab-rails/geo.log` to see if the **secondary** node is
  using IPv6 to send its status to the **primary** node. If it is, add an entry to
  the **primary** node using IPv4 in the `/etc/hosts` file. Alternatively, you should
  [enable IPv6 on the **primary** node](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/nginx.html#setting-the-nginx-listen-address-or-addresses).

### Secondary site returns 502 errors with Geo proxying

When [Geo proxying for secondary sites](../secondary_proxy/index.md) is enabled, and the secondary site user interface returns
502 errors, it is possible that the response header proxied from the primary site is too large.

Check the NGINX logs for errors similar to this example:

```plaintext
2022/01/26 00:02:13 [error] 26641#0: *829148 upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream, client: 1.2.3.4, server: geo.staging.gitlab.com, request: "POST /users/sign_in HTTP/2.0", upstream: "http://unix:/var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-workhorse/sockets/socket:/users/sign_in", host: "geo.staging.gitlab.com", referrer: "https://geo.staging.gitlab.com/users/sign_in"
```

To resolve this issue:

1. Set `nginx['proxy_custom_buffer_size'] = '8k'` in `/etc/gitlab.rb` on all web nodes on the secondary site.
1. Reconfigure the **secondary** using `sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure`.

If you still get this error, you can further increase the buffer size by repeating the steps above
and changing the `8k` size, for example by doubling it to `16k`.

### Geo Admin Area shows 'Unknown' for health status and 'Request failed with status code 401'

If using a load balancer, ensure that the load balancer's URL is set as the `external_url` in the
`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` of the nodes behind the load balancer.

### Geo Admin Area shows 'Unhealthy' after enabling Maintenance Mode

In GitLab 13.9 through GitLab 14.3, when [GitLab Maintenance Mode](../../maintenance_mode/index.md) is enabled, the status of Geo secondary sites will stop getting updated. After 10 minutes, the status changes to `Unhealthy`.

Geo secondary sites will continue to replicate and verify data, and the secondary sites should still be usable. You can use the [Sync status Rake task](#sync-status-rake-task) to determine the actual status of a secondary site during Maintenance Mode.

This bug was [fixed in GitLab 14.4](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/292983).

### GitLab Pages return 404 errors after promoting

This is due to [Pages data not being managed by Geo](datatypes.md#limitations-on-replicationverification).
Find advice to resolve those error messages in the
[Pages administration documentation](../../../administration/pages/index.md#404-error-after-promoting-a-geo-secondary-to-a-primary-node).

### Primary site returns 500 error when accessing `/admin/geo/replication/projects`

Navigating to **Admin > Geo > Replication** (or `/admin/geo/replication/projects`) on a primary Geo site, shows a 500 error, while that same link on the secondary works fine. The primary's `production.log` has a similar entry to the following:

```plaintext
Geo::TrackingBase::SecondaryNotConfigured: Geo secondary database is not configured
  from ee/app/models/geo/tracking_base.rb:26:in `connection'
  [..]
  from ee/app/views/admin/geo/projects/_all.html.haml:1
```

On a Geo primary site this error can be ignored.

This happens because GitLab is attempting to display registries from the [Geo tracking database](../../../administration/geo/#geo-tracking-database) which doesn't exist on the primary site (only the original projects exist on the primary; no replicated projects are present, therefore no tracking database exists). 

## Fixing client errors

### Authorization errors from LFS HTTP(S) client requests

You may have problems if you're running a version of [Git LFS](https://git-lfs.github.com/) before 2.4.2.
As noted in [this authentication issue](https://github.com/git-lfs/git-lfs/issues/3025),
requests redirected from the secondary to the primary node do not properly send the
Authorization header. This may result in either an infinite `Authorization <-> Redirect`
loop, or Authorization error messages.

## Recovering from a partial failover

The partial failover to a secondary Geo *site* may be the result of a temporary/transient issue. Therefore, first attempt to run the promote command again.

1. SSH into every Sidekiq, PostgresSQL, Gitaly, and Rails node in the **secondary** site and run one of the following commands:

   - To promote the secondary node to primary:
     
     ```shell
     sudo gitlab-ctl geo promote
     ```

   - To promote the secondary node to primary **without any further confirmation**:

     ```shell
     sudo gitlab-ctl geo promote --force
     ```
     
1. Verify you can connect to the newly-promoted **primary** site using the URL used previously for the **secondary** site.  
1. If **successful**, the **secondary** site is now promoted to the **primary** site.

If the above steps are **not successful**, proceed through the next steps:

1. SSH to every Sidekiq, PostgresSQL, Gitaly and Rails node in the **secondary** site and perform the following operations:

   - Create a `/etc/gitlab/gitlab-cluster.json` file with the following content:

     ```shell
     {
       "primary": true,
       "secondary": false
     }
     ```

   - Reconfigure GitLab for the changes to take effect:

     ```shell
     sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
     ```

1. Verify you can connect to the newly-promoted **primary** site using the URL used previously for the **secondary** site.
1. If successful, the **secondary** site is now promoted to the **primary** site.
