{-# LANGUAGE CPP                #-}
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances  #-}
{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase         #-}
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable #-}

{-
(c) The University of Glasgow 2006
(c) The GRASP/AQUA Project, Glasgow University, 1992-1998


The @TyCon@ datatype
-}

module GHC.Core.TyCon(
        -- * Main TyCon data types
        TyCon,
        AlgTyConRhs(..), visibleDataCons,
        AlgTyConFlav(..), isNoParent,
        FamTyConFlav(..), Role(..), Injectivity(..),
        RuntimeRepInfo(..), TyConFlavour(..),

        -- * TyConBinder
        TyConBinder, TyConBndrVis(..), TyConTyCoBinder,
        mkNamedTyConBinder, mkNamedTyConBinders,
        mkRequiredTyConBinder,
        mkAnonTyConBinder, mkAnonTyConBinders,
        tyConBinderArgFlag, tyConBndrVisArgFlag, isNamedTyConBinder,
        isVisibleTyConBinder, isInvisibleTyConBinder,

        -- ** Field labels
        tyConFieldLabels, lookupTyConFieldLabel,

        -- ** Constructing TyCons
        mkAlgTyCon,
        mkClassTyCon,
        mkFunTyCon,
        mkPrimTyCon,
        mkKindTyCon,
        mkLiftedPrimTyCon,
        mkTupleTyCon,
        mkSumTyCon,
        mkDataTyConRhs,
        mkSynonymTyCon,
        mkFamilyTyCon,
        mkPromotedDataCon,
        mkTcTyCon,
        noTcTyConScopedTyVars,

        -- ** Predicates on TyCons
        isAlgTyCon, isVanillaAlgTyCon, isConstraintKindCon,
        isClassTyCon, isFamInstTyCon,
        isFunTyCon,
        isPrimTyCon,
        isTupleTyCon, isUnboxedTupleTyCon, isBoxedTupleTyCon,
        isUnboxedSumTyCon, isPromotedTupleTyCon,
        isLiftedAlgTyCon,
        isTypeSynonymTyCon,
        mustBeSaturated,
        isPromotedDataCon, isPromotedDataCon_maybe,
        isKindTyCon, isLiftedTypeKindTyConName,
        isTauTyCon, isFamFreeTyCon, isForgetfulSynTyCon,

        isDataTyCon,
        isEnumerationTyCon,
        isNewTyCon, isAbstractTyCon,
        isFamilyTyCon, isOpenFamilyTyCon,
        isTypeFamilyTyCon, isDataFamilyTyCon,
        isOpenTypeFamilyTyCon, isClosedSynFamilyTyConWithAxiom_maybe,
        tyConInjectivityInfo,
        isBuiltInSynFamTyCon_maybe,
        isUnliftedTyCon,
        isGadtSyntaxTyCon, isInjectiveTyCon, isGenerativeTyCon, isGenInjAlgRhs,
        isTyConAssoc, tyConAssoc_maybe, tyConFlavourAssoc_maybe,
        isImplicitTyCon,
        isTyConWithSrcDataCons,
        isTcTyCon, setTcTyConKind,
        isTcLevPoly,

        -- ** Extracting information out of TyCons
        tyConName,
        tyConSkolem,
        tyConKind,
        tyConUnique,
        tyConTyVars, tyConVisibleTyVars,
        tyConCType, tyConCType_maybe,
        tyConDataCons, tyConDataCons_maybe,
        tyConSingleDataCon_maybe, tyConSingleDataCon,
        tyConAlgDataCons_maybe,
        tyConSingleAlgDataCon_maybe,
        tyConFamilySize,
        tyConStupidTheta,
        tyConArity,
        tyConNullaryTy,
        tyConRoles,
        tyConFlavour,
        tyConTuple_maybe, tyConClass_maybe, tyConATs,
        tyConFamInst_maybe, tyConFamInstSig_maybe, tyConFamilyCoercion_maybe,
        tyConFamilyResVar_maybe,
        synTyConDefn_maybe, synTyConRhs_maybe,
        famTyConFlav_maybe, famTcResVar,
        algTyConRhs,
        newTyConRhs, newTyConEtadArity, newTyConEtadRhs,
        unwrapNewTyCon_maybe, unwrapNewTyConEtad_maybe,
        newTyConDataCon_maybe,
        algTcFields,
        tyConRuntimeRepInfo,
        tyConBinders, tyConResKind, tyConInvisTVBinders,
        tcTyConScopedTyVars, tcTyConIsPoly,
        mkTyConTagMap,

        -- ** Manipulating TyCons
        expandSynTyCon_maybe,
        newTyConCo, newTyConCo_maybe,
        pprPromotionQuote, mkTyConKind,

        -- ** Predicated on TyConFlavours
        tcFlavourIsOpen,

        -- * Runtime type representation
        TyConRepName, tyConRepName_maybe,
        mkPrelTyConRepName,
        tyConRepModOcc,

        -- * Primitive representations of Types
        PrimRep(..), PrimElemRep(..),
        primElemRepToPrimRep,
        isVoidRep, isGcPtrRep,
        primRepSizeB,
        primElemRepSizeB,
        primRepIsFloat,
        primRepsCompatible,
        primRepCompatible,

) where

#include "HsVersions.h"

import GHC.Prelude
import GHC.Platform

import {-# SOURCE #-} GHC.Core.TyCo.Rep
   ( Kind, Type, PredType, mkForAllTy, mkFunTyMany, mkTyConTy_ )
import {-# SOURCE #-} GHC.Core.TyCo.Ppr
   ( pprType )
import {-# SOURCE #-} GHC.Builtin.Types
   ( runtimeRepTyCon, constraintKind, levityTyCon
   , multiplicityTyCon
   , vecCountTyCon, vecElemTyCon, liftedTypeKind )
import {-# SOURCE #-} GHC.Core.DataCon
   ( DataCon, dataConFieldLabels
   , dataConTyCon, dataConFullSig
   , isUnboxedSumDataCon )
import {-# SOURCE #-} GHC.Core.Type
   ( isLiftedTypeKind )
import GHC.Builtin.Uniques
  ( tyConRepNameUnique
  , dataConTyRepNameUnique )

import GHC.Utils.Binary
import GHC.Types.Var
import GHC.Types.Var.Set
import GHC.Core.Class
import GHC.Types.Basic
import GHC.Types.ForeignCall
import GHC.Types.Name
import GHC.Types.Name.Env
import GHC.Core.Coercion.Axiom
import GHC.Builtin.Names
import GHC.Data.Maybe
import GHC.Utils.Outputable
import GHC.Utils.Panic
import GHC.Data.FastString.Env
import GHC.Types.FieldLabel
import GHC.Settings.Constants
import GHC.Utils.Misc
import GHC.Types.Unique.Set
import GHC.Unit.Module

import qualified Data.Data as Data

{-
-----------------------------------------------
        Notes about type families
-----------------------------------------------

Note [Type synonym families]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Type synonym families, also known as "type functions", map directly
  onto the type functions in FC:

        type family F a :: *
        type instance F Int = Bool
        ..etc...

* Reply "yes" to isTypeFamilyTyCon, and isFamilyTyCon

* From the user's point of view (F Int) and Bool are simply
  equivalent types.

* A Haskell 98 type synonym is a degenerate form of a type synonym
  family.

* Type functions can't appear in the LHS of a type function:
        type instance F (F Int) = ...   -- BAD!

* Translation of type family decl:
        type family F a :: *
  translates to
    a FamilyTyCon 'F', whose FamTyConFlav is OpenSynFamilyTyCon

        type family G a :: * where
          G Int = Bool
          G Bool = Char
          G a = ()
  translates to
    a FamilyTyCon 'G', whose FamTyConFlav is ClosedSynFamilyTyCon, with the
    appropriate CoAxiom representing the equations

We also support injective type families -- see Note [Injective type families]

Note [Data type families]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
See also Note [Wrappers for data instance tycons] in GHC.Types.Id.Make

* Data type families are declared thus
        data family T a :: *
        data instance T Int = T1 | T2 Bool

  Here T is the "family TyCon".

* Reply "yes" to isDataFamilyTyCon, and isFamilyTyCon

* The user does not see any "equivalent types" as they did with type
  synonym families.  They just see constructors with types
        T1 :: T Int
        T2 :: Bool -> T Int

* Here's the FC version of the above declarations:

        data T a
        data R:TInt = T1 | T2 Bool
        axiom ax_ti : T Int ~R R:TInt

  Note that this is a *representational* coercion
  The R:TInt is the "representation TyCons".
  It has an AlgTyConFlav of
        DataFamInstTyCon T [Int] ax_ti

* The axiom ax_ti may be eta-reduced; see
  Note [Eta reduction for data families] in GHC.Core.Coercion.Axiom

* Data family instances may have a different arity than the data family.
  See Note [Arity of data families] in GHC.Core.FamInstEnv

* The data constructor T2 has a wrapper (which is what the
  source-level "T2" invokes):

        $WT2 :: Bool -> T Int
        $WT2 b = T2 b `cast` sym ax_ti

* A data instance can declare a fully-fledged GADT:

        data instance T (a,b) where
          X1 :: T (Int,Bool)
          X2 :: a -> b -> T (a,b)

  Here's the FC version of the above declaration:

        data R:TPair a b where
          X1 :: R:TPair Int Bool
          X2 :: a -> b -> R:TPair a b
        axiom ax_pr :: T (a,b)  ~R  R:TPair a b

        $WX1 :: forall a b. a -> b -> T (a,b)
        $WX1 a b (x::a) (y::b) = X2 a b x y `cast` sym (ax_pr a b)

  The R:TPair are the "representation TyCons".
  We have a bit of work to do, to unpick the result types of the
  data instance declaration for T (a,b), to get the result type in the
  representation; e.g.  T (a,b) --> R:TPair a b

  The representation TyCon R:TList, has an AlgTyConFlav of

        DataFamInstTyCon T [(a,b)] ax_pr

* Notice that T is NOT translated to a FC type function; it just
  becomes a "data type" with no constructors, which can be coerced
  into R:TInt, R:TPair by the axioms.  These axioms
  axioms come into play when (and *only* when) you
        - use a data constructor
        - do pattern matching
  Rather like newtype, in fact

  As a result

  - T behaves just like a data type so far as decomposition is concerned

  - (T Int) is not implicitly converted to R:TInt during type inference.
    Indeed the latter type is unknown to the programmer.

  - There *is* an instance for (T Int) in the type-family instance
    environment, but it is looked up (via tcLookupDataFamilyInst)
    in can_eq_nc (via tcTopNormaliseNewTypeTF_maybe) when trying to
    solve representational equalities like
         T Int ~R# Bool
    Here we look up (T Int), convert it to R:TInt, and then unwrap the
    newtype R:TInt.

    It is also looked up in reduceTyFamApp_maybe.

  - It's fine to have T in the LHS of a type function:
    type instance F (T a) = [a]

  It was this last point that confused me!  The big thing is that you
  should not think of a data family T as a *type function* at all, not
  even an injective one!  We can't allow even injective type functions
  on the LHS of a type function:
        type family injective G a :: *
        type instance F (G Int) = Bool
  is no good, even if G is injective, because consider
        type instance G Int = Bool
        type instance F Bool = Char

  So a data type family is not an injective type function. It's just a
  data type with some axioms that connect it to other data types.

* The tyConTyVars of the representation tycon are the tyvars that the
  user wrote in the patterns. This is important in GHC.Tc.Deriv, where we
  bring these tyvars into scope before type-checking the deriving
  clause. This fact is arranged for in TcInstDecls.tcDataFamInstDecl.

Note [Associated families and their parent class]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
*Associated* families are just like *non-associated* families, except
that they have a famTcParent field of (Just cls_tc), which identifies the
parent class.

However there is an important sharing relationship between
  * the tyConTyVars of the parent Class
  * the tyConTyVars of the associated TyCon

   class C a b where
     data T p a
     type F a q b

Here the 'a' and 'b' are shared with the 'Class'; that is, they have
the same Unique.

This is important. In an instance declaration we expect
  * all the shared variables to be instantiated the same way
  * the non-shared variables of the associated type should not
    be instantiated at all

  instance C [x] (Tree y) where
     data T p [x] = T1 x | T2 p
     type F [x] q (Tree y) = (x,y,q)

Note [TyCon Role signatures]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Every tycon has a role signature, assigning a role to each of the tyConTyVars
(or of equal length to the tyConArity, if there are no tyConTyVars). An
example demonstrates these best: say we have a tycon T, with parameters a at
nominal, b at representational, and c at phantom. Then, to prove
representational equality between T a1 b1 c1 and T a2 b2 c2, we need to have
nominal equality between a1 and a2, representational equality between b1 and
b2, and nothing in particular (i.e., phantom equality) between c1 and c2. This
might happen, say, with the following declaration:

  data T a b c where
    MkT :: b -> T Int b c

Data and class tycons have their roles inferred (see inferRoles in GHC.Tc.TyCl.Utils),
as do vanilla synonym tycons. Family tycons have all parameters at role N,
though it is conceivable that we could relax this restriction. (->)'s and
tuples' parameters are at role R. Each primitive tycon declares its roles;
it's worth noting that (~#)'s parameters are at role N. Promoted data
constructors' type arguments are at role R. All kind arguments are at role
N.

Note [Unboxed tuple RuntimeRep vars]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The contents of an unboxed tuple may have any representation. Accordingly,
the kind of the unboxed tuple constructor is runtime-representation
polymorphic.

Type constructor (2 kind arguments)
   (#,#) :: forall (q :: RuntimeRep) (r :: RuntimeRep).
                   TYPE q -> TYPE r -> TYPE (TupleRep [q, r])
Data constructor (4 type arguments)
   (#,#) :: forall (q :: RuntimeRep) (r :: RuntimeRep)
                   (a :: TYPE q) (b :: TYPE r). a -> b -> (# a, b #)

These extra tyvars (q and r) cause some delicate processing around tuples,
where we need to manually insert RuntimeRep arguments.
The same situation happens with unboxed sums: each alternative
has its own RuntimeRep.
For boxed tuples, there is no levity polymorphism, and therefore
we add RuntimeReps only for the unboxed version.

Type constructor (no kind arguments)
   (,) :: Type -> Type -> Type
Data constructor (2 type arguments)
   (,) :: forall a b. a -> b -> (a, b)


Note [Injective type families]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
We allow injectivity annotations for type families (both open and closed):

  type family F (a :: k) (b :: k) = r | r -> a
  type family G a b = res | res -> a b where ...

Injectivity information is stored in the `famTcInj` field of `FamilyTyCon`.
`famTcInj` maybe stores a list of Bools, where each entry corresponds to a
single element of `tyConTyVars` (both lists should have identical length). If no
injectivity annotation was provided `famTcInj` is Nothing. From this follows an
invariant that if `famTcInj` is a Just then at least one element in the list
must be True.

See also:
 * [Injectivity annotation] in GHC.Hs.Decls
 * [Renaming injectivity annotation] in GHC.Rename.Module
 * [Verifying injectivity annotation] in GHC.Core.FamInstEnv
 * [Type inference for type families with injectivity] in GHC.Tc.Solver.Interact

Note [Sharing nullary TyConApps]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Nullary type constructor applications are extremely common. For this reason
each TyCon carries with it a @TyConApp tycon []@. This ensures that
'mkTyConTy' does not need to allocate and eliminates quite a bit of heap
residency. Furthermore, we use 'mkTyConTy' in the nullary case of 'mkTyConApp',
ensuring that this function also benefits from sharing.

This optimisation improves allocations in the Cabal test by around 0.3% and
decreased cache misses measurably.

See #19367.


************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
                    TyConBinder, TyConTyCoBinder
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************
-}

type TyConBinder     = VarBndr TyVar   TyConBndrVis
type TyConTyCoBinder = VarBndr TyCoVar TyConBndrVis
     -- Only PromotedDataCon has TyConTyCoBinders
     -- See Note [Promoted GADT data construtors]

data TyConBndrVis
  = NamedTCB ArgFlag
  | AnonTCB  AnonArgFlag

instance Outputable TyConBndrVis where
  ppr (NamedTCB flag) = text "NamedTCB" <> ppr flag
  ppr (AnonTCB af)    = text "AnonTCB"  <> ppr af

mkAnonTyConBinder :: AnonArgFlag -> TyVar -> TyConBinder
mkAnonTyConBinder af tv = ASSERT( isTyVar tv)
                          Bndr tv (AnonTCB af)

mkAnonTyConBinders :: AnonArgFlag -> [TyVar] -> [TyConBinder]
mkAnonTyConBinders af tvs = map (mkAnonTyConBinder af) tvs

mkNamedTyConBinder :: ArgFlag -> TyVar -> TyConBinder
-- The odd argument order supports currying
mkNamedTyConBinder vis tv = ASSERT( isTyVar tv )
                            Bndr tv (NamedTCB vis)

mkNamedTyConBinders :: ArgFlag -> [TyVar] -> [TyConBinder]
-- The odd argument order supports currying
mkNamedTyConBinders vis tvs = map (mkNamedTyConBinder vis) tvs

-- | Make a Required TyConBinder. It chooses between NamedTCB and
-- AnonTCB based on whether the tv is mentioned in the dependent set
mkRequiredTyConBinder :: TyCoVarSet  -- these are used dependently
                      -> TyVar
                      -> TyConBinder
mkRequiredTyConBinder dep_set tv
  | tv `elemVarSet` dep_set = mkNamedTyConBinder Required tv
  | otherwise               = mkAnonTyConBinder  VisArg   tv

tyConBinderArgFlag :: TyConBinder -> ArgFlag
tyConBinderArgFlag (Bndr _ vis) = tyConBndrVisArgFlag vis

tyConBndrVisArgFlag :: TyConBndrVis -> ArgFlag
tyConBndrVisArgFlag (NamedTCB vis)     = vis
tyConBndrVisArgFlag (AnonTCB VisArg)   = Required
tyConBndrVisArgFlag (AnonTCB InvisArg) = Inferred    -- See Note [AnonTCB InvisArg]

isNamedTyConBinder :: TyConBinder -> Bool
-- Identifies kind variables
-- E.g. data T k (a:k) = blah
-- Here 'k' is a NamedTCB, a variable used in the kind of other binders
isNamedTyConBinder (Bndr _ (NamedTCB {})) = True
isNamedTyConBinder _                      = False

isVisibleTyConBinder :: VarBndr tv TyConBndrVis -> Bool
-- Works for IfaceTyConBinder too
isVisibleTyConBinder (Bndr _ tcb_vis) = isVisibleTcbVis tcb_vis

isVisibleTcbVis :: TyConBndrVis -> Bool
isVisibleTcbVis (NamedTCB vis)     = isVisibleArgFlag vis
isVisibleTcbVis (AnonTCB VisArg)   = True
isVisibleTcbVis (AnonTCB InvisArg) = False

isInvisibleTyConBinder :: VarBndr tv TyConBndrVis -> Bool
-- Works for IfaceTyConBinder too
isInvisibleTyConBinder tcb = not (isVisibleTyConBinder tcb)

-- Build the 'tyConKind' from the binders and the result kind.
-- Keep in sync with 'mkTyConKind' in GHC.Iface.Type.
mkTyConKind :: [TyConBinder] -> Kind -> Kind
mkTyConKind bndrs res_kind = foldr mk res_kind bndrs
  where
    mk :: TyConBinder -> Kind -> Kind
    mk (Bndr tv (AnonTCB af))   k = mkFunTyMany af (varType tv) k
    mk (Bndr tv (NamedTCB vis)) k = mkForAllTy tv vis k

tyConInvisTVBinders :: [TyConBinder]   -- From the TyCon
                    -> [InvisTVBinder] -- Suitable for the foralls of a term function
-- See Note [Building TyVarBinders from TyConBinders]
tyConInvisTVBinders tc_bndrs
 = map mk_binder tc_bndrs
 where
   mk_binder (Bndr tv tc_vis) = mkTyVarBinder vis tv
      where
        vis = case tc_vis of
                AnonTCB VisArg           -> SpecifiedSpec
                AnonTCB InvisArg         -> InferredSpec   -- See Note [AnonTCB InvisArg]
                NamedTCB Required        -> SpecifiedSpec
                NamedTCB (Invisible vis) -> vis

-- Returns only tyvars, as covars are always inferred
tyConVisibleTyVars :: TyCon -> [TyVar]
tyConVisibleTyVars tc
  = [ tv | Bndr tv vis <- tyConBinders tc
         , isVisibleTcbVis vis ]

{- Note [AnonTCB InvisArg]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
It's pretty rare to have an (AnonTCB InvisArg) binder.  The
only way it can occur is through equality constraints in kinds. These
can arise in one of two ways:

* In a PromotedDataCon whose kind has an equality constraint:

    'MkT :: forall a b. (a~b) => blah

  See Note [Constraints in kinds] in GHC.Core.TyCo.Rep, and
  Note [Promoted data constructors] in this module.
* In a data type whose kind has an equality constraint, as in the
  following example from #12102:

    data T :: forall a. (IsTypeLit a ~ 'True) => a -> Type

When mapping an (AnonTCB InvisArg) to an ArgFlag, in
tyConBndrVisArgFlag, we use "Inferred" to mean "the user cannot
specify this arguments, even with visible type/kind application;
instead the type checker must fill it in.

We map (AnonTCB VisArg) to Required, of course: the user must
provide it. It would be utterly wrong to do this for constraint
arguments, which is why AnonTCB must have the AnonArgFlag in
the first place.

Note [Building TyVarBinders from TyConBinders]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
We sometimes need to build the quantified type of a value from
the TyConBinders of a type or class.  For that we need not
TyConBinders but TyVarBinders (used in forall-type)  E.g:

 *  From   data T a = MkT (Maybe a)
    we are going to make a data constructor with type
           MkT :: forall a. Maybe a -> T a
    See the TyCoVarBinders passed to buildDataCon

 * From    class C a where { op :: a -> Maybe a }
   we are going to make a default method
           $dmop :: forall a. C a => a -> Maybe a
   See the TyCoVarBinders passed to mkSigmaTy in mkDefaultMethodType

Both of these are user-callable.  (NB: default methods are not callable
directly by the user but rather via the code generated by 'deriving',
which uses visible type application; see mkDefMethBind.)

Since they are user-callable we must get their type-argument visibility
information right; and that info is in the TyConBinders.
Here is an example:

  data App a b = MkApp (a b) -- App :: forall {k}. (k->*) -> k -> *

The TyCon has

  tyConTyBinders = [ Named (Bndr (k :: *) Inferred), Anon (k->*), Anon k ]

The TyConBinders for App line up with App's kind, given above.

But the DataCon MkApp has the type
  MkApp :: forall {k} (a:k->*) (b:k). a b -> App k a b

That is, its TyCoVarBinders should be

  dataConUnivTyVarBinders = [ Bndr (k:*)    Inferred
                            , Bndr (a:k->*) Specified
                            , Bndr (b:k)    Specified ]

So tyConTyVarBinders converts TyCon's TyConBinders into TyVarBinders:
  - variable names from the TyConBinders
  - but changing Anon/Required to Specified

The last part about Required->Specified comes from this:
  data T k (a:k) b = MkT (a b)
Here k is Required in T's kind, but we don't have Required binders in
the TyCoBinders for a term (see Note [No Required TyCoBinder in terms]
in GHC.Core.TyCo.Rep), so we change it to Specified when making MkT's TyCoBinders
-}


{- Note [The binders/kind/arity fields of a TyCon]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
All TyCons have this group of fields
  tyConBinders   :: [TyConBinder/TyConTyCoBinder]
  tyConResKind   :: Kind
  tyConTyVars    :: [TyVar]   -- Cached = binderVars tyConBinders
                              --   NB: Currently (Aug 2018), TyCons that own this
                              --   field really only contain TyVars. So it is
                              --   [TyVar] instead of [TyCoVar].
  tyConKind      :: Kind      -- Cached = mkTyConKind tyConBinders tyConResKind
  tyConArity     :: Arity     -- Cached = length tyConBinders

They fit together like so:

* tyConBinders gives the telescope of type/coercion variables on the LHS of the
  type declaration.  For example:

    type App a (b :: k) = a b

  tyConBinders = [ Bndr (k::*)   (NamedTCB Inferred)
                 , Bndr (a:k->*) AnonTCB
                 , Bndr (b:k)    AnonTCB ]

  Note that there are three binders here, including the
  kind variable k.

* See Note [VarBndrs, TyCoVarBinders, TyConBinders, and visibility] in GHC.Core.TyCo.Rep
  for what the visibility flag means.

* Each TyConBinder tyConBinders has a TyVar (sometimes it is TyCoVar), and
  that TyVar may scope over some other part of the TyCon's definition. Eg
      type T a = a -> a
  we have
      tyConBinders = [ Bndr (a:*) AnonTCB ]
      synTcRhs     = a -> a
  So the 'a' scopes over the synTcRhs

* From the tyConBinders and tyConResKind we can get the tyConKind
  E.g for our App example:
      App :: forall k. (k->*) -> k -> *

  We get a 'forall' in the kind for each NamedTCB, and an arrow
  for each AnonTCB

  tyConKind is the full kind of the TyCon, not just the result kind

* For type families, tyConArity is the arguments this TyCon must be
  applied to, to be considered saturated.  Here we mean "applied to in
  the actual Type", not surface syntax; i.e. including implicit kind
  variables.  So it's just (length tyConBinders)

* For an algebraic data type, or data instance, the tyConResKind is
  always (TYPE r); that is, the tyConBinders are enough to saturate
  the type constructor.  I'm not quite sure why we have this invariant,
  but it's enforced by etaExpandAlgTyCon
-}

instance OutputableBndr tv => Outputable (VarBndr tv TyConBndrVis) where
  ppr (Bndr v bi) = ppr_bi bi <+> parens (pprBndr LetBind v)
    where
      ppr_bi (AnonTCB VisArg)     = text "anon-vis"
      ppr_bi (AnonTCB InvisArg)   = text "anon-invis"
      ppr_bi (NamedTCB Required)  = text "req"
      -- See Note [Explicit Case Statement for Specificity]
      ppr_bi (NamedTCB (Invisible spec)) = case spec of
        SpecifiedSpec -> text "spec"
        InferredSpec  -> text "inf"

instance Binary TyConBndrVis where
  put_ bh (AnonTCB af)   = do { putByte bh 0; put_ bh af }
  put_ bh (NamedTCB vis) = do { putByte bh 1; put_ bh vis }

  get bh = do { h <- getByte bh
              ; case h of
                  0 -> do { af  <- get bh; return (AnonTCB af) }
                  _ -> do { vis <- get bh; return (NamedTCB vis) } }


{- *********************************************************************
*                                                                      *
               The TyCon type
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************
-}


-- | TyCons represent type constructors. Type constructors are introduced by
-- things such as:
--
-- 1) Data declarations: @data Foo = ...@ creates the @Foo@ type constructor of
--    kind @*@
--
-- 2) Type synonyms: @type Foo = ...@ creates the @Foo@ type constructor
--
-- 3) Newtypes: @newtype Foo a = MkFoo ...@ creates the @Foo@ type constructor
--    of kind @* -> *@
--
-- 4) Class declarations: @class Foo where@ creates the @Foo@ type constructor
--    of kind @*@
--
-- This data type also encodes a number of primitive, built in type constructors
-- such as those for function and tuple types.

-- If you edit this type, you may need to update the GHC formalism
-- See Note [GHC Formalism] in GHC.Core.Lint
data TyCon
  = -- | The function type constructor, @(->)@
    FunTyCon {
        tyConUnique :: Unique,   -- ^ A Unique of this TyCon. Invariant:
                                 -- identical to Unique of Name stored in
                                 -- tyConName field.

        tyConName   :: Name,     -- ^ Name of the constructor

        -- See Note [The binders/kind/arity fields of a TyCon]
        tyConBinders :: [TyConBinder], -- ^ Full binders
        tyConResKind :: Kind,             -- ^ Result kind
        tyConKind    :: Kind,             -- ^ Kind of this TyCon
        tyConArity   :: Arity,            -- ^ Arity
        tyConNullaryTy :: Type,

        tcRepName :: TyConRepName
    }

  -- | Algebraic data types, from
  --     - @data@ declarations
  --     - @newtype@ declarations
  --     - data instance declarations
  --     - type instance declarations
  --     - the TyCon generated by a class declaration
  --     - boxed tuples
  --     - unboxed tuples
  --     - constraint tuples
  -- All these constructors are lifted and boxed except unboxed tuples
  -- which should have an 'UnboxedAlgTyCon' parent.
  -- Data/newtype/type /families/ are handled by 'FamilyTyCon'.
  -- See 'AlgTyConRhs' for more information.
  | AlgTyCon {
        tyConUnique  :: Unique,  -- ^ A Unique of this TyCon. Invariant:
                                 -- identical to Unique of Name stored in
                                 -- tyConName field.

        tyConName    :: Name,    -- ^ Name of the constructor

        -- See Note [The binders/kind/arity fields of a TyCon]
        tyConBinders :: [TyConBinder], -- ^ Full binders
        tyConTyVars  :: [TyVar],          -- ^ TyVar binders
        tyConResKind :: Kind,             -- ^ Result kind
        tyConKind    :: Kind,             -- ^ Kind of this TyCon
        tyConArity   :: Arity,            -- ^ Arity
        tyConNullaryTy :: Type,           -- ^ A pre-allocated @TyConApp tycon []@

              -- The tyConTyVars scope over:
              --
              -- 1. The 'algTcStupidTheta'
              -- 2. The cached types in algTyConRhs.NewTyCon
              -- 3. The family instance types if present
              --
              -- Note that it does /not/ scope over the data
              -- constructors.

        tcRoles      :: [Role],  -- ^ The role for each type variable
                                 -- This list has length = tyConArity
                                 -- See also Note [TyCon Role signatures]

        tyConCType   :: Maybe CType,-- ^ The C type that should be used
                                    -- for this type when using the FFI
                                    -- and CAPI

        algTcGadtSyntax  :: Bool,   -- ^ Was the data type declared with GADT
                                    -- syntax?  If so, that doesn't mean it's a
                                    -- true GADT; only that the "where" form
                                    -- was used.  This field is used only to
                                    -- guide pretty-printing

        algTcStupidTheta :: [PredType], -- ^ The \"stupid theta\" for the data
                                        -- type (always empty for GADTs).  A
                                        -- \"stupid theta\" is the context to
                                        -- the left of an algebraic type
                                        -- declaration, e.g. @Eq a@ in the
                                        -- declaration @data Eq a => T a ...@.

        algTcRhs    :: AlgTyConRhs, -- ^ Contains information about the
                                    -- data constructors of the algebraic type

        algTcFields :: FieldLabelEnv, -- ^ Maps a label to information
                                      -- about the field

        algTcParent :: AlgTyConFlav -- ^ Gives the class or family declaration
                                       -- 'TyCon' for derived 'TyCon's representing
                                       -- class or family instances, respectively.

    }

  -- | Represents type synonyms
  | SynonymTyCon {
        tyConUnique  :: Unique,  -- ^ A Unique of this TyCon. Invariant:
                                 -- identical to Unique of Name stored in
                                 -- tyConName field.

        tyConName    :: Name,    -- ^ Name of the constructor

        -- See Note [The binders/kind/arity fields of a TyCon]
        tyConBinders :: [TyConBinder], -- ^ Full binders
        tyConTyVars  :: [TyVar],          -- ^ TyVar binders
        tyConResKind :: Kind,             -- ^ Result kind
        tyConKind    :: Kind,             -- ^ Kind of this TyCon
        tyConArity   :: Arity,            -- ^ Arity
        tyConNullaryTy :: Type,           -- ^ A pre-allocated @TyConApp tycon []@
             -- tyConTyVars scope over: synTcRhs

        tcRoles      :: [Role],  -- ^ The role for each type variable
                                 -- This list has length = tyConArity
                                 -- See also Note [TyCon Role signatures]

        synTcRhs     :: Type,    -- ^ Contains information about the expansion
                                 -- of the synonym

        synIsTau     :: Bool,   -- True <=> the RHS of this synonym does not
                                 --          have any foralls, after expanding any
                                 --          nested synonyms
        synIsFamFree  :: Bool,   -- True <=> the RHS of this synonym does not mention
                                 --          any type synonym families (data families
                                 --          are fine), again after expanding any
                                 --          nested synonyms
        synIsForgetful :: Bool   -- True <=  at least one argument is not mentioned
                                 --          in the RHS (or is mentioned only under
                                 --          forgetful synonyms)
                                 -- Test is conservative, so True does not guarantee
                                 -- forgetfulness.
    }

  -- | Represents families (both type and data)
  -- Argument roles are all Nominal
  | FamilyTyCon {
        tyConUnique  :: Unique,  -- ^ A Unique of this TyCon. Invariant:
                                 -- identical to Unique of Name stored in
                                 -- tyConName field.

        tyConName    :: Name,    -- ^ Name of the constructor

        -- See Note [The binders/kind/arity fields of a TyCon]
        tyConBinders :: [TyConBinder], -- ^ Full binders
        tyConTyVars  :: [TyVar],          -- ^ TyVar binders
        tyConResKind :: Kind,             -- ^ Result kind
        tyConKind    :: Kind,             -- ^ Kind of this TyCon
        tyConArity   :: Arity,            -- ^ Arity
        tyConNullaryTy :: Type,           -- ^ A pre-allocated @TyConApp tycon []@
            -- tyConTyVars connect an associated family TyCon
            -- with its parent class; see GHC.Tc.Validity.checkConsistentFamInst

        famTcResVar  :: Maybe Name,   -- ^ Name of result type variable, used
                                      -- for pretty-printing with --show-iface
                                      -- and for reifying TyCon in Template
                                      -- Haskell

        famTcFlav    :: FamTyConFlav, -- ^ Type family flavour: open, closed,
                                      -- abstract, built-in. See comments for
                                      -- FamTyConFlav

        famTcParent  :: Maybe TyCon,  -- ^ For *associated* type/data families
                                      -- The class tycon in which the family is declared
                                      -- See Note [Associated families and their parent class]

        famTcInj     :: Injectivity   -- ^ is this a type family injective in
                                      -- its type variables? Nothing if no
                                      -- injectivity annotation was given
    }

  -- | Primitive types; cannot be defined in Haskell. This includes
  -- the usual suspects (such as @Int#@) as well as foreign-imported
  -- types and kinds (@*@, @#@, and @?@)
  | PrimTyCon {
        tyConUnique   :: Unique, -- ^ A Unique of this TyCon. Invariant:
                                 -- identical to Unique of Name stored in
                                 -- tyConName field.

        tyConName     :: Name,   -- ^ Name of the constructor

        -- See Note [The binders/kind/arity fields of a TyCon]
        tyConBinders :: [TyConBinder], -- ^ Full binders
        tyConResKind :: Kind,             -- ^ Result kind
        tyConKind    :: Kind,             -- ^ Kind of this TyCon
        tyConArity   :: Arity,            -- ^ Arity
        tyConNullaryTy :: Type,           -- ^ A pre-allocated @TyConApp tycon []@

        tcRoles       :: [Role], -- ^ The role for each type variable
                                 -- This list has length = tyConArity
                                 -- See also Note [TyCon Role signatures]

        isUnlifted   :: Bool,    -- ^ Most primitive tycons are unlifted (may
                                 -- not contain bottom) but other are lifted,
                                 -- e.g. @RealWorld@
                                 -- Only relevant if tyConKind = *

        primRepName :: Maybe TyConRepName   -- Only relevant for kind TyCons
                                            -- i.e, *, #, ?
    }

  -- | Represents promoted data constructor.
  | PromotedDataCon {          -- See Note [Promoted data constructors]
        tyConUnique  :: Unique,     -- ^ Same Unique as the data constructor
        tyConName    :: Name,       -- ^ Same Name as the data constructor

        -- See Note [The binders/kind/arity fields of a TyCon]
        tyConBinders :: [TyConTyCoBinder], -- ^ Full binders
           -- TyConTyCoBinder: see Note [Promoted GADT data construtors]
        tyConResKind :: Kind,             -- ^ Result kind
        tyConKind    :: Kind,             -- ^ Kind of this TyCon
        tyConArity   :: Arity,            -- ^ Arity
        tyConNullaryTy :: Type,           -- ^ A pre-allocated @TyConApp tycon []@

        tcRoles       :: [Role],    -- ^ Roles: N for kind vars, R for type vars
        dataCon       :: DataCon,   -- ^ Corresponding data constructor
        tcRepName     :: TyConRepName,
        promDcRepInfo :: RuntimeRepInfo  -- ^ See comments with 'RuntimeRepInfo'
    }

  -- | These exist only during type-checking. See Note [How TcTyCons work]
  -- in "GHC.Tc.TyCl"
  | TcTyCon {
        tyConUnique :: Unique,
        tyConName   :: Name,

        -- See Note [The binders/kind/arity fields of a TyCon]
        tyConBinders :: [TyConBinder], -- ^ Full binders
        tyConTyVars  :: [TyVar],       -- ^ TyVar binders
        tyConResKind :: Kind,          -- ^ Result kind
        tyConKind    :: Kind,          -- ^ Kind of this TyCon
        tyConArity   :: Arity,         -- ^ Arity
        tyConNullaryTy :: Type,           -- ^ A pre-allocated @TyConApp tycon []@

          -- NB: the TyConArity of a TcTyCon must match
          -- the number of Required (positional, user-specified)
          -- arguments to the type constructor; see the use
          -- of tyConArity in generaliseTcTyCon

        tcTyConScopedTyVars :: [(Name,TyVar)],
          -- ^ Scoped tyvars over the tycon's body
          -- See Note [Scoped tyvars in a TcTyCon]

        tcTyConIsPoly     :: Bool, -- ^ Is this TcTyCon already generalized?

        tcTyConFlavour :: TyConFlavour
                           -- ^ What sort of 'TyCon' this represents.
      }
{- Note [Scoped tyvars in a TcTyCon]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The tcTyConScopedTyVars field records the lexicial-binding connection
between the original, user-specified Name (i.e. thing in scope) and
the TcTyVar that the Name is bound to.

Order *does* matter; the tcTyConScopedTyvars list consists of
     specified_tvs ++ required_tvs

where
   * specified ones first
   * required_tvs the same as tyConTyVars
   * tyConArity = length required_tvs

See also Note [How TcTyCons work] in GHC.Tc.TyCl

Note [Promoted GADT data constructors]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Any promoted GADT data constructor will have a type with equality
constraints in its type; e.g.
    K :: forall a b. (a ~# [b]) => a -> b -> T a

So, when promoted to become a type constructor, the tyConBinders
will include CoVars.  That is why we use [TyConTyCoBinder] for the
tyconBinders field.  TyConTyCoBinder is a synonym for TyConBinder,
but with the clue that the binder can be a CoVar not just a TyVar.
-}

-- | Represents right-hand-sides of 'TyCon's for algebraic types
data AlgTyConRhs

    -- | Says that we know nothing about this data type, except that
    -- it's represented by a pointer.  Used when we export a data type
    -- abstractly into an .hi file.
  = AbstractTyCon

    -- | Information about those 'TyCon's derived from a @data@
    -- declaration. This includes data types with no constructors at
    -- all.
  | DataTyCon {
        data_cons :: [DataCon],
                          -- ^ The data type constructors; can be empty if the
                          --   user declares the type to have no constructors
                          --
                          -- INVARIANT: Kept in order of increasing 'DataCon'
                          -- tag (see the tag assignment in mkTyConTagMap)
        data_cons_size :: Int,
                          -- ^ Cached value: length data_cons
        is_enum :: Bool   -- ^ Cached value: is this an enumeration type?
                          --   See Note [Enumeration types]
    }

  | TupleTyCon {                   -- A boxed, unboxed, or constraint tuple
        data_con :: DataCon,       -- NB: it can be an *unboxed* tuple
        tup_sort :: TupleSort      -- ^ Is this a boxed, unboxed or constraint
                                   -- tuple?
    }

  -- | An unboxed sum type.
  | SumTyCon {
        data_cons :: [DataCon],
        data_cons_size :: Int  -- ^ Cached value: length data_cons
    }

  -- | Information about those 'TyCon's derived from a @newtype@ declaration
  | NewTyCon {
        data_con :: DataCon,    -- ^ The unique constructor for the @newtype@.
                                --   It has no existentials

        nt_rhs :: Type,         -- ^ Cached value: the argument type of the
                                -- constructor, which is just the representation
                                -- type of the 'TyCon' (remember that @newtype@s
                                -- do not exist at runtime so need a different
                                -- representation type).
                                --
                                -- The free 'TyVar's of this type are the
                                -- 'tyConTyVars' from the corresponding 'TyCon'

        nt_etad_rhs :: ([TyVar], Type),
                        -- ^ Same as the 'nt_rhs', but this time eta-reduced.
                        -- Hence the list of 'TyVar's in this field may be
                        -- shorter than the declared arity of the 'TyCon'.

                        -- See Note [Newtype eta]
        nt_co :: CoAxiom Unbranched,
                             -- The axiom coercion that creates the @newtype@
                             -- from the representation 'Type'.

                             -- See Note [Newtype coercions]
                             -- Invariant: arity = #tvs in nt_etad_rhs;
                             -- See Note [Newtype eta]
                             -- Watch out!  If any newtypes become transparent
                             -- again check #1072.
        nt_lev_poly :: Bool
                        -- 'True' if the newtype can be levity polymorphic when
                        -- fully applied to its arguments, 'False' otherwise.
                        -- This can only ever be 'True' with UnliftedNewtypes.
                        --
                        -- Invariant: nt_lev_poly nt = isTypeLevPoly (nt_rhs nt)
                        --
                        -- This is cached to make it cheaper to check if a
                        -- variable binding is levity polymorphic, as used by
                        -- isTcLevPoly.
    }

mkSumTyConRhs :: [DataCon] -> AlgTyConRhs
mkSumTyConRhs data_cons = SumTyCon data_cons (length data_cons)

mkDataTyConRhs :: [DataCon] -> AlgTyConRhs
mkDataTyConRhs cons
  = DataTyCon {
        data_cons = cons,
        data_cons_size = length cons,
        is_enum = not (null cons) && all is_enum_con cons
                  -- See Note [Enumeration types] in GHC.Core.TyCon
    }
  where
    is_enum_con con
       | (_univ_tvs, ex_tvs, eq_spec, theta, arg_tys, _res)
           <- dataConFullSig con
       = null ex_tvs && null eq_spec && null theta && null arg_tys

-- | Some promoted datacons signify extra info relevant to GHC. For example,
-- the @IntRep@ constructor of @RuntimeRep@ corresponds to the 'IntRep'
-- constructor of 'PrimRep'. This data structure allows us to store this
-- information right in the 'TyCon'. The other approach would be to look
-- up things like @RuntimeRep@'s @PrimRep@ by known-key every time.
-- See also Note [Getting from RuntimeRep to PrimRep] in "GHC.Types.RepType"
data RuntimeRepInfo
  = NoRRI       -- ^ an ordinary promoted data con
  | RuntimeRep ([Type] -> [PrimRep])
      -- ^ A constructor of @RuntimeRep@. The argument to the function should
      -- be the list of arguments to the promoted datacon.
  | VecCount Int         -- ^ A constructor of @VecCount@
  | VecElem PrimElemRep  -- ^ A constructor of @VecElem@
  | LiftedInfo           -- ^ A constructor of @Levity@
  | UnliftedInfo         -- ^ A constructor of @Levity@

-- | Extract those 'DataCon's that we are able to learn about.  Note
-- that visibility in this sense does not correspond to visibility in
-- the context of any particular user program!
visibleDataCons :: AlgTyConRhs -> [DataCon]
visibleDataCons (AbstractTyCon {})            = []
visibleDataCons (DataTyCon{ data_cons = cs }) = cs
visibleDataCons (NewTyCon{ data_con = c })    = [c]
visibleDataCons (TupleTyCon{ data_con = c })  = [c]
visibleDataCons (SumTyCon{ data_cons = cs })  = cs

-- ^ Both type classes as well as family instances imply implicit
-- type constructors.  These implicit type constructors refer to their parent
-- structure (ie, the class or family from which they derive) using a type of
-- the following form.
data AlgTyConFlav
  = -- | An ordinary type constructor has no parent.
    VanillaAlgTyCon
       TyConRepName   -- For Typeable

    -- | An unboxed type constructor. The TyConRepName is a Maybe since we
    -- currently don't allow unboxed sums to be Typeable since there are too
    -- many of them. See #13276.
  | UnboxedAlgTyCon
       (Maybe TyConRepName)

  -- | Type constructors representing a class dictionary.
  -- See Note [ATyCon for classes] in "GHC.Core.TyCo.Rep"
  | ClassTyCon
        Class           -- INVARIANT: the classTyCon of this Class is the
                        -- current tycon
        TyConRepName

  -- | Type constructors representing an *instance* of a *data* family.
  -- Parameters:
  --
  --  1) The type family in question
  --
  --  2) Instance types; free variables are the 'tyConTyVars'
  --  of the current 'TyCon' (not the family one). INVARIANT:
  --  the number of types matches the arity of the family 'TyCon'
  --
  --  3) A 'CoTyCon' identifying the representation
  --  type with the type instance family
  | DataFamInstTyCon          -- See Note [Data type families]
        (CoAxiom Unbranched)  -- The coercion axiom.
               -- A *Representational* coercion,
               -- of kind   T ty1 ty2   ~R   R:T a b c
               -- where T is the family TyCon,
               -- and R:T is the representation TyCon (ie this one)
               -- and a,b,c are the tyConTyVars of this TyCon
               --
               -- BUT may be eta-reduced; see
               --     Note [Eta reduction for data families] in
               --     GHC.Core.Coercion.Axiom

          -- Cached fields of the CoAxiom, but adjusted to
          -- use the tyConTyVars of this TyCon
        TyCon   -- The family TyCon
        [Type]  -- Argument types (mentions the tyConTyVars of this TyCon)
                -- No shorter in length than the tyConTyVars of the family TyCon
                -- How could it be longer? See [Arity of data families] in GHC.Core.FamInstEnv

        -- E.g.  data instance T [a] = ...
        -- gives a representation tycon:
        --      data R:TList a = ...
        --      axiom co a :: T [a] ~ R:TList a
        -- with R:TList's algTcParent = DataFamInstTyCon T [a] co

instance Outputable AlgTyConFlav where
    ppr (VanillaAlgTyCon {})        = text "Vanilla ADT"
    ppr (UnboxedAlgTyCon {})        = text "Unboxed ADT"
    ppr (ClassTyCon cls _)          = text "Class parent" <+> ppr cls
    ppr (DataFamInstTyCon _ tc tys) = text "Family parent (family instance)"
                                      <+> ppr tc <+> sep (map pprType tys)

-- | Checks the invariants of a 'AlgTyConFlav' given the appropriate type class
-- name, if any
okParent :: Name -> AlgTyConFlav -> Bool
okParent _       (VanillaAlgTyCon {})            = True
okParent _       (UnboxedAlgTyCon {})            = True
okParent tc_name (ClassTyCon cls _)              = tc_name == tyConName (classTyCon cls)
okParent _       (DataFamInstTyCon _ fam_tc tys) = tys `lengthAtLeast` tyConArity fam_tc

isNoParent :: AlgTyConFlav -> Bool
isNoParent (VanillaAlgTyCon {}) = True
isNoParent _                   = False

--------------------

data Injectivity
  = NotInjective
  | Injective [Bool]   -- 1-1 with tyConTyVars (incl kind vars)
  deriving( Eq )

-- | Information pertaining to the expansion of a type synonym (@type@)
data FamTyConFlav
  = -- | Represents an open type family without a fixed right hand
    -- side.  Additional instances can appear at any time.
    --
    -- These are introduced by either a top level declaration:
    --
    -- > data family T a :: *
    --
    -- Or an associated data type declaration, within a class declaration:
    --
    -- > class C a b where
    -- >   data T b :: *
     DataFamilyTyCon
       TyConRepName

     -- | An open type synonym family  e.g. @type family F x y :: * -> *@
   | OpenSynFamilyTyCon

   -- | A closed type synonym family  e.g.
   -- @type family F x where { F Int = Bool }@
   | ClosedSynFamilyTyCon (Maybe (CoAxiom Branched))
     -- See Note [Closed type families]

   -- | A closed type synonym family declared in an hs-boot file with
   -- type family F a where ..
   | AbstractClosedSynFamilyTyCon

   -- | Built-in type family used by the TypeNats solver
   | BuiltInSynFamTyCon BuiltInSynFamily

instance Outputable FamTyConFlav where
    ppr (DataFamilyTyCon n) = text "data family" <+> ppr n
    ppr OpenSynFamilyTyCon = text "open type family"
    ppr (ClosedSynFamilyTyCon Nothing) = text "closed type family"
    ppr (ClosedSynFamilyTyCon (Just coax)) = text "closed type family" <+> ppr coax
    ppr AbstractClosedSynFamilyTyCon = text "abstract closed type family"
    ppr (BuiltInSynFamTyCon _) = text "built-in type family"

{- Note [Closed type families]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* In an open type family you can add new instances later.  This is the
  usual case.

* In a closed type family you can only put equations where the family
  is defined.

A non-empty closed type family has a single axiom with multiple
branches, stored in the 'ClosedSynFamilyTyCon' constructor.  A closed
type family with no equations does not have an axiom, because there is
nothing for the axiom to prove!


Note [Promoted data constructors]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
All data constructors can be promoted to become a type constructor,
via the PromotedDataCon alternative in GHC.Core.TyCon.

* The TyCon promoted from a DataCon has the *same* Name and Unique as
  the DataCon.  Eg. If the data constructor Data.Maybe.Just(unique 78,
  say) is promoted to a TyCon whose name is Data.Maybe.Just(unique 78)

* We promote the *user* type of the DataCon.  Eg
     data T = MkT {-# UNPACK #-} !(Bool, Bool)
  The promoted kind is
     'MkT :: (Bool,Bool) -> T
  *not*
     'MkT :: Bool -> Bool -> T

* Similarly for GADTs:
     data G a where
       MkG :: forall b. b -> G [b]
  The promoted data constructor has kind
       'MkG :: forall b. b -> G [b]
  *not*
       'MkG :: forall a b. (a ~# [b]) => b -> G a

Note [Enumeration types]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
We define datatypes with no constructors to *not* be
enumerations; this fixes trac #2578,  Otherwise we
end up generating an empty table for
  <mod>_<type>_closure_tbl
which is used by tagToEnum# to map Int# to constructors
in an enumeration. The empty table apparently upset
the linker.

Moreover, all the data constructor must be enumerations, meaning
they have type  (forall abc. T a b c).  GADTs are not enumerations.
For example consider
    data T a where
      T1 :: T Int
      T2 :: T Bool
      T3 :: T a
What would [T1 ..] be?  [T1,T3] :: T Int? Easiest thing is to exclude them.
See #4528.

Note [Newtype coercions]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The NewTyCon field nt_co is a CoAxiom which is used for coercing from
the representation type of the newtype, to the newtype itself. For
example,

   newtype T a = MkT (a -> a)

the NewTyCon for T will contain nt_co = CoT where CoT :: forall a. T a ~ a -> a.

We might also eta-contract the axiom: see Note [Newtype eta].

Note [Newtype eta]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Consider
        newtype Parser a = MkParser (IO a) deriving Monad
Are these two types equal (that is, does a coercion exist between them)?
        Monad Parser
        Monad IO
which we need to make the derived instance for Monad Parser.

Well, yes.  But to see that easily we eta-reduce the RHS type of
Parser, in this case to IO, so that even unsaturated applications
of Parser will work right.  This eta reduction is done when the type
constructor is built, and cached in NewTyCon.

Here's an example that I think showed up in practice
Source code:
        newtype T a = MkT [a]
        newtype Foo m = MkFoo (forall a. m a -> Int)

        w1 :: Foo []
        w1 = ...

        w2 :: Foo T
        w2 = MkFoo (\(MkT x) -> case w1 of MkFoo f -> f x)

After desugaring, and discarding the data constructors for the newtypes,
we get:
        w2 = w1 `cast` Foo CoT
so the coercion tycon CoT must have
        kind:    T ~ []
 and    arity:   0

This eta-reduction is implemented in GHC.Tc.TyCl.Build.mkNewTyConRhs.


************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
                 TyConRepName
*                                                                      *
********************************************************************* -}

type TyConRepName = Name
   -- The Name of the top-level declaration for the Typeable world
   --    $tcMaybe :: Data.Typeable.Internal.TyCon
   --    $tcMaybe = TyCon { tyConName = "Maybe", ... }

tyConRepName_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe TyConRepName
tyConRepName_maybe (FunTyCon   { tcRepName = rep_nm })
  = Just rep_nm
tyConRepName_maybe (PrimTyCon  { primRepName = mb_rep_nm })
  = mb_rep_nm
tyConRepName_maybe (AlgTyCon { algTcParent = parent })
  | VanillaAlgTyCon rep_nm <- parent = Just rep_nm
  | ClassTyCon _ rep_nm    <- parent = Just rep_nm
  | UnboxedAlgTyCon rep_nm <- parent = rep_nm
tyConRepName_maybe (FamilyTyCon { famTcFlav = DataFamilyTyCon rep_nm })
  = Just rep_nm
tyConRepName_maybe (PromotedDataCon { dataCon = dc, tcRepName = rep_nm })
  | isUnboxedSumDataCon dc   -- see #13276
  = Nothing
  | otherwise
  = Just rep_nm
tyConRepName_maybe _ = Nothing

-- | Make a 'Name' for the 'Typeable' representation of the given wired-in type
mkPrelTyConRepName :: Name -> TyConRepName
-- See Note [Grand plan for Typeable] in "GHC.Tc.Instance.Typeable".
mkPrelTyConRepName tc_name  -- Prelude tc_name is always External,
                            -- so nameModule will work
  = mkExternalName rep_uniq rep_mod rep_occ (nameSrcSpan tc_name)
  where
    name_occ  = nameOccName tc_name
    name_mod  = nameModule  tc_name
    name_uniq = nameUnique  tc_name
    rep_uniq | isTcOcc name_occ = tyConRepNameUnique   name_uniq
             | otherwise        = dataConTyRepNameUnique name_uniq
    (rep_mod, rep_occ) = tyConRepModOcc name_mod name_occ

-- | The name (and defining module) for the Typeable representation (TyCon) of a
-- type constructor.
--
-- See Note [Grand plan for Typeable] in "GHC.Tc.Instance.Typeable".
tyConRepModOcc :: Module -> OccName -> (Module, OccName)
tyConRepModOcc tc_module tc_occ = (rep_module, mkTyConRepOcc tc_occ)
  where
    rep_module
      | tc_module == gHC_PRIM = gHC_TYPES
      | otherwise             = tc_module


{- *********************************************************************
*                                                                      *
                 PrimRep
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************

Note [rep swamp]

GHC has a rich selection of types that represent "primitive types" of
one kind or another.  Each of them makes a different set of
distinctions, and mostly the differences are for good reasons,
although it's probably true that we could merge some of these.

Roughly in order of "includes more information":

 - A Width ("GHC.Cmm.Type") is simply a binary value with the specified
   number of bits.  It may represent a signed or unsigned integer, a
   floating-point value, or an address.

    data Width = W8 | W16 | W32 | W64  | W128

 - Size, which is used in the native code generator, is Width +
   floating point information.

   data Size = II8 | II16 | II32 | II64 | FF32 | FF64

   it is necessary because e.g. the instruction to move a 64-bit float
   on x86 (movsd) is different from the instruction to move a 64-bit
   integer (movq), so the mov instruction is parameterised by Size.

 - CmmType wraps Width with more information: GC ptr, float, or
   other value.

    data CmmType = CmmType CmmCat Width

    data CmmCat     -- "Category" (not exported)
       = GcPtrCat   -- GC pointer
       | BitsCat    -- Non-pointer
       | FloatCat   -- Float

   It is important to have GcPtr information in Cmm, since we generate
   info tables containing pointerhood for the GC from this.  As for
   why we have float (and not signed/unsigned) here, see Note [Signed
   vs unsigned].

 - ArgRep makes only the distinctions necessary for the call and
   return conventions of the STG machine.  It is essentially CmmType
   + void.

 - PrimRep makes a few more distinctions than ArgRep: it divides
   non-GC-pointers into signed/unsigned and addresses, information
   that is necessary for passing these values to foreign functions.

There's another tension here: whether the type encodes its size in
bytes, or whether its size depends on the machine word size.  Width
and CmmType have the size built-in, whereas ArgRep and PrimRep do not.

This means to turn an ArgRep/PrimRep into a CmmType requires DynFlags.

On the other hand, CmmType includes some "nonsense" values, such as
CmmType GcPtrCat W32 on a 64-bit machine.

The PrimRep type is closely related to the user-visible RuntimeRep type.
See Note [RuntimeRep and PrimRep] in GHC.Types.RepType.

-}

-- | A 'PrimRep' is an abstraction of a type.  It contains information that
-- the code generator needs in order to pass arguments, return results,
-- and store values of this type. See also Note [RuntimeRep and PrimRep] in
-- "GHC.Types.RepType" and Note [VoidRep] in "GHC.Types.RepType".
data PrimRep
  = VoidRep
  | LiftedRep
  | UnliftedRep   -- ^ Unlifted pointer
  | Int8Rep       -- ^ Signed, 8-bit value
  | Int16Rep      -- ^ Signed, 16-bit value
  | Int32Rep      -- ^ Signed, 32-bit value
  | Int64Rep      -- ^ Signed, 64 bit value
  | IntRep        -- ^ Signed, word-sized value
  | Word8Rep      -- ^ Unsigned, 8 bit value
  | Word16Rep     -- ^ Unsigned, 16 bit value
  | Word32Rep     -- ^ Unsigned, 32 bit value
  | Word64Rep     -- ^ Unsigned, 64 bit value
  | WordRep       -- ^ Unsigned, word-sized value
  | AddrRep       -- ^ A pointer, but /not/ to a Haskell value (use '(Un)liftedRep')
  | FloatRep
  | DoubleRep
  | VecRep Int PrimElemRep  -- ^ A vector
  deriving( Data.Data, Eq, Ord, Show )

data PrimElemRep
  = Int8ElemRep
  | Int16ElemRep
  | Int32ElemRep
  | Int64ElemRep
  | Word8ElemRep
  | Word16ElemRep
  | Word32ElemRep
  | Word64ElemRep
  | FloatElemRep
  | DoubleElemRep
   deriving( Data.Data, Eq, Ord, Show, Enum )

instance Outputable PrimRep where
  ppr r = text (show r)

instance Outputable PrimElemRep where
  ppr r = text (show r)

instance Binary PrimRep where
  put_ bh VoidRep        = putByte bh 0
  put_ bh LiftedRep      = putByte bh 1
  put_ bh UnliftedRep    = putByte bh 2
  put_ bh Int8Rep        = putByte bh 3
  put_ bh Int16Rep       = putByte bh 4
  put_ bh Int32Rep       = putByte bh 5
  put_ bh Int64Rep       = putByte bh 6
  put_ bh IntRep         = putByte bh 7
  put_ bh Word8Rep       = putByte bh 8
  put_ bh Word16Rep      = putByte bh 9
  put_ bh Word32Rep      = putByte bh 10
  put_ bh Word64Rep      = putByte bh 11
  put_ bh WordRep        = putByte bh 12
  put_ bh AddrRep        = putByte bh 13
  put_ bh FloatRep       = putByte bh 14
  put_ bh DoubleRep      = putByte bh 15
  put_ bh (VecRep n per) = putByte bh 16 *> put_ bh n *> put_ bh per
  get  bh = do
    h <- getByte bh
    case h of
      0  -> pure VoidRep
      1  -> pure LiftedRep
      2  -> pure UnliftedRep
      3  -> pure Int8Rep
      4  -> pure Int16Rep
      5  -> pure Int32Rep
      6  -> pure Int64Rep
      7  -> pure IntRep
      8  -> pure Word8Rep
      9  -> pure Word16Rep
      10 -> pure Word32Rep
      11 -> pure Word64Rep
      12 -> pure WordRep
      13 -> pure AddrRep
      14 -> pure FloatRep
      15 -> pure DoubleRep
      16 -> VecRep <$> get bh <*> get bh
      _  -> pprPanic "Binary:PrimRep" (int (fromIntegral h))

instance Binary PrimElemRep where
  put_ bh per = putByte bh (fromIntegral (fromEnum per))
  get  bh = toEnum . fromIntegral <$> getByte bh

isVoidRep :: PrimRep -> Bool
isVoidRep VoidRep = True
isVoidRep _other  = False

isGcPtrRep :: PrimRep -> Bool
isGcPtrRep LiftedRep   = True
isGcPtrRep UnliftedRep = True
isGcPtrRep _           = False

-- A PrimRep is compatible with another iff one can be coerced to the other.
-- See Note [bad unsafe coercion] in GHC.Core.Lint for when are two types coercible.
primRepCompatible :: Platform -> PrimRep -> PrimRep -> Bool
primRepCompatible platform rep1 rep2 =
    (isUnboxed rep1 == isUnboxed rep2) &&
    (primRepSizeB platform rep1 == primRepSizeB platform rep2) &&
    (primRepIsFloat rep1 == primRepIsFloat rep2)
  where
    isUnboxed = not . isGcPtrRep

-- More general version of `primRepCompatible` for types represented by zero or
-- more than one PrimReps.
primRepsCompatible :: Platform -> [PrimRep] -> [PrimRep] -> Bool
primRepsCompatible platform reps1 reps2 =
    length reps1 == length reps2 &&
    and (zipWith (primRepCompatible platform) reps1 reps2)

-- | The size of a 'PrimRep' in bytes.
--
-- This applies also when used in a constructor, where we allow packing the
-- fields. For instance, in @data Foo = Foo Float# Float#@ the two fields will
-- take only 8 bytes, which for 64-bit arch will be equal to 1 word.
-- See also mkVirtHeapOffsetsWithPadding for details of how data fields are
-- laid out.
primRepSizeB :: Platform -> PrimRep -> Int
primRepSizeB platform = \case
   IntRep           -> platformWordSizeInBytes platform
   WordRep          -> platformWordSizeInBytes platform
   Int8Rep          -> 1
   Int16Rep         -> 2
   Int32Rep         -> 4
   Int64Rep         -> 8
   Word8Rep         -> 1
   Word16Rep        -> 2
   Word32Rep        -> 4
   Word64Rep        -> 8
   FloatRep         -> fLOAT_SIZE
   DoubleRep        -> dOUBLE_SIZE
   AddrRep          -> platformWordSizeInBytes platform
   LiftedRep        -> platformWordSizeInBytes platform
   UnliftedRep      -> platformWordSizeInBytes platform
   VoidRep          -> 0
   (VecRep len rep) -> len * primElemRepSizeB platform rep

primElemRepSizeB :: Platform -> PrimElemRep -> Int
primElemRepSizeB platform = primRepSizeB platform . primElemRepToPrimRep

primElemRepToPrimRep :: PrimElemRep -> PrimRep
primElemRepToPrimRep Int8ElemRep   = Int8Rep
primElemRepToPrimRep Int16ElemRep  = Int16Rep
primElemRepToPrimRep Int32ElemRep  = Int32Rep
primElemRepToPrimRep Int64ElemRep  = Int64Rep
primElemRepToPrimRep Word8ElemRep  = Word8Rep
primElemRepToPrimRep Word16ElemRep = Word16Rep
primElemRepToPrimRep Word32ElemRep = Word32Rep
primElemRepToPrimRep Word64ElemRep = Word64Rep
primElemRepToPrimRep FloatElemRep  = FloatRep
primElemRepToPrimRep DoubleElemRep = DoubleRep

-- | Return if Rep stands for floating type,
-- returns Nothing for vector types.
primRepIsFloat :: PrimRep -> Maybe Bool
primRepIsFloat  FloatRep     = Just True
primRepIsFloat  DoubleRep    = Just True
primRepIsFloat  (VecRep _ _) = Nothing
primRepIsFloat  _            = Just False

{-
************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
                             Field labels
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************
-}

-- | The labels for the fields of this particular 'TyCon'
tyConFieldLabels :: TyCon -> [FieldLabel]
tyConFieldLabels tc = dFsEnvElts $ tyConFieldLabelEnv tc

-- | The labels for the fields of this particular 'TyCon'
tyConFieldLabelEnv :: TyCon -> FieldLabelEnv
tyConFieldLabelEnv tc
  | isAlgTyCon tc = algTcFields tc
  | otherwise     = emptyDFsEnv

-- | Look up a field label belonging to this 'TyCon'
lookupTyConFieldLabel :: FieldLabelString -> TyCon -> Maybe FieldLabel
lookupTyConFieldLabel lbl tc = lookupDFsEnv (tyConFieldLabelEnv tc) lbl

-- | Make a map from strings to FieldLabels from all the data
-- constructors of this algebraic tycon
fieldsOfAlgTcRhs :: AlgTyConRhs -> FieldLabelEnv
fieldsOfAlgTcRhs rhs = mkDFsEnv [ (flLabel fl, fl)
                                | fl <- dataConsFields (visibleDataCons rhs) ]
  where
    -- Duplicates in this list will be removed by 'mkFsEnv'
    dataConsFields dcs = concatMap dataConFieldLabels dcs


{-
************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
\subsection{TyCon Construction}
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************

Note: the TyCon constructors all take a Kind as one argument, even though
they could, in principle, work out their Kind from their other arguments.
But to do so they need functions from Types, and that makes a nasty
module mutual-recursion.  And they aren't called from many places.
So we compromise, and move their Kind calculation to the call site.
-}

-- | Given the name of the function type constructor and it's kind, create the
-- corresponding 'TyCon'. It is recommended to use 'GHC.Core.TyCo.Rep.funTyCon' if you want
-- this functionality
mkFunTyCon :: Name -> [TyConBinder] -> Name -> TyCon
mkFunTyCon name binders rep_nm
  = let tc =
          FunTyCon {
              tyConUnique  = nameUnique name,
              tyConName    = name,
              tyConBinders = binders,
              tyConResKind = liftedTypeKind,
              tyConKind    = mkTyConKind binders liftedTypeKind,
              tyConArity   = length binders,
              tyConNullaryTy = mkTyConTy_ tc,
              tcRepName    = rep_nm
          }
    in tc

-- | This is the making of an algebraic 'TyCon'.
mkAlgTyCon :: Name
           -> [TyConBinder]  -- ^ Binders of the 'TyCon'
           -> Kind              -- ^ Result kind
           -> [Role]            -- ^ The roles for each TyVar
           -> Maybe CType       -- ^ The C type this type corresponds to
                                --   when using the CAPI FFI
           -> [PredType]        -- ^ Stupid theta: see 'algTcStupidTheta'
           -> AlgTyConRhs       -- ^ Information about data constructors
           -> AlgTyConFlav      -- ^ What flavour is it?
                                -- (e.g. vanilla, type family)
           -> Bool              -- ^ Was the 'TyCon' declared with GADT syntax?
           -> TyCon
mkAlgTyCon name binders res_kind roles cType stupid rhs parent gadt_syn
  = let tc =
          AlgTyCon {
              tyConName        = name,
              tyConUnique      = nameUnique name,
              tyConBinders     = binders,
              tyConResKind     = res_kind,
              tyConKind        = mkTyConKind binders res_kind,
              tyConArity       = length binders,
              tyConNullaryTy   = mkTyConTy_ tc,
              tyConTyVars      = binderVars binders,
              tcRoles          = roles,
              tyConCType       = cType,
              algTcStupidTheta = stupid,
              algTcRhs         = rhs,
              algTcFields      = fieldsOfAlgTcRhs rhs,
              algTcParent      = ASSERT2( okParent name parent, ppr name $$ ppr parent ) parent,
              algTcGadtSyntax  = gadt_syn
          }
    in tc

-- | Simpler specialization of 'mkAlgTyCon' for classes
mkClassTyCon :: Name -> [TyConBinder]
             -> [Role] -> AlgTyConRhs -> Class
             -> Name -> TyCon
mkClassTyCon name binders roles rhs clas tc_rep_name
  = mkAlgTyCon name binders constraintKind roles Nothing [] rhs
               (ClassTyCon clas tc_rep_name)
               False

mkTupleTyCon :: Name
             -> [TyConBinder]
             -> Kind    -- ^ Result kind of the 'TyCon'
             -> Arity   -- ^ Arity of the tuple 'TyCon'
             -> DataCon
             -> TupleSort    -- ^ Whether the tuple is boxed or unboxed
             -> AlgTyConFlav
             -> TyCon
mkTupleTyCon name binders res_kind arity con sort parent
  = let tc =
          AlgTyCon {
              tyConUnique      = nameUnique name,
              tyConName        = name,
              tyConBinders     = binders,
              tyConTyVars      = binderVars binders,
              tyConResKind     = res_kind,
              tyConKind        = mkTyConKind binders res_kind,
              tyConArity       = arity,
              tyConNullaryTy   = mkTyConTy_ tc,
              tcRoles          = replicate arity Representational,
              tyConCType       = Nothing,
              algTcGadtSyntax  = False,
              algTcStupidTheta = [],
              algTcRhs         = TupleTyCon { data_con = con,
                                              tup_sort = sort },
              algTcFields      = emptyDFsEnv,
              algTcParent      = parent
          }
    in tc

mkSumTyCon :: Name
             -> [TyConBinder]
             -> Kind    -- ^ Kind of the resulting 'TyCon'
             -> Arity   -- ^ Arity of the sum
             -> [TyVar] -- ^ 'TyVar's scoped over: see 'tyConTyVars'
             -> [DataCon]
             -> AlgTyConFlav
             -> TyCon
mkSumTyCon name binders res_kind arity tyvars cons parent
  = let tc =
          AlgTyCon {
              tyConUnique      = nameUnique name,
              tyConName        = name,
              tyConBinders     = binders,
              tyConTyVars      = tyvars,
              tyConResKind     = res_kind,
              tyConKind        = mkTyConKind binders res_kind,
              tyConArity       = arity,
              tyConNullaryTy   = mkTyConTy_ tc,
              tcRoles          = replicate arity Representational,
              tyConCType       = Nothing,
              algTcGadtSyntax  = False,
              algTcStupidTheta = [],
              algTcRhs         = mkSumTyConRhs cons,
              algTcFields      = emptyDFsEnv,
              algTcParent      = parent
          }
    in tc

-- | Makes a tycon suitable for use during type-checking. It stores
-- a variety of details about the definition of the TyCon, but no
-- right-hand side. It lives only during the type-checking of a
-- mutually-recursive group of tycons; it is then zonked to a proper
-- TyCon in zonkTcTyCon.
-- See also Note [Kind checking recursive type and class declarations]
-- in "GHC.Tc.TyCl".
mkTcTyCon :: Name
          -> [TyConBinder]
          -> Kind                -- ^ /result/ kind only
          -> [(Name,TcTyVar)]    -- ^ Scoped type variables;
                                 -- see Note [How TcTyCons work] in GHC.Tc.TyCl
          -> Bool                -- ^ Is this TcTyCon generalised already?
          -> TyConFlavour        -- ^ What sort of 'TyCon' this represents
          -> TyCon
mkTcTyCon name binders res_kind scoped_tvs poly flav
  = let tc =
          TcTyCon { tyConUnique  = getUnique name
                  , tyConName    = name
                  , tyConTyVars  = binderVars binders
                  , tyConBinders = binders
                  , tyConResKind = res_kind
                  , tyConKind    = mkTyConKind binders res_kind
                  , tyConArity   = length binders
                  , tyConNullaryTy = mkTyConTy_ tc
                  , tcTyConScopedTyVars = scoped_tvs
                  , tcTyConIsPoly       = poly
                  , tcTyConFlavour      = flav }
    in tc

-- | No scoped type variables (to be used with mkTcTyCon).
noTcTyConScopedTyVars :: [(Name, TcTyVar)]
noTcTyConScopedTyVars = []

-- | Create an unlifted primitive 'TyCon', such as @Int#@.
mkPrimTyCon :: Name -> [TyConBinder]
            -> Kind   -- ^ /result/ kind, never levity-polymorphic
            -> [Role] -> TyCon
mkPrimTyCon name binders res_kind roles
  = mkPrimTyCon' name binders res_kind roles True (Just $ mkPrelTyConRepName name)

-- | Kind constructors
mkKindTyCon :: Name -> [TyConBinder]
            -> Kind  -- ^ /result/ kind
            -> [Role] -> Name -> TyCon
mkKindTyCon name binders res_kind roles rep_nm
  = tc
  where
    tc = mkPrimTyCon' name binders res_kind roles False (Just rep_nm)

-- | Create a lifted primitive 'TyCon' such as @RealWorld@
mkLiftedPrimTyCon :: Name -> [TyConBinder]
                  -> Kind   -- ^ /result/ kind
                  -> [Role] -> TyCon
mkLiftedPrimTyCon name binders res_kind roles
  = mkPrimTyCon' name binders res_kind roles False (Just rep_nm)
  where rep_nm = mkPrelTyConRepName name

mkPrimTyCon' :: Name -> [TyConBinder]
             -> Kind    -- ^ /result/ kind, never levity-polymorphic
                        -- (If you need a levity-polymorphic PrimTyCon, change
                        --  isTcLevPoly.)
             -> [Role]
             -> Bool -> Maybe TyConRepName -> TyCon
mkPrimTyCon' name binders res_kind roles is_unlifted rep_nm
  = let tc =
          PrimTyCon {
              tyConName    = name,
              tyConUnique  = nameUnique name,
              tyConBinders = binders,
              tyConResKind = res_kind,
              tyConKind    = mkTyConKind binders res_kind,
              tyConArity   = length roles,
              tyConNullaryTy = mkTyConTy_ tc,
              tcRoles      = roles,
              isUnlifted   = is_unlifted,
              primRepName  = rep_nm
          }
    in tc

-- | Create a type synonym 'TyCon'
mkSynonymTyCon :: Name -> [TyConBinder] -> Kind   -- ^ /result/ kind
               -> [Role] -> Type -> Bool -> Bool -> Bool -> TyCon
mkSynonymTyCon name binders res_kind roles rhs is_tau is_fam_free is_forgetful
  = let tc =
          SynonymTyCon {
              tyConName      = name,
              tyConUnique    = nameUnique name,
              tyConBinders   = binders,
              tyConResKind   = res_kind,
              tyConKind      = mkTyConKind binders res_kind,
              tyConArity     = length binders,
              tyConNullaryTy = mkTyConTy_ tc,
              tyConTyVars    = binderVars binders,
              tcRoles        = roles,
              synTcRhs       = rhs,
              synIsTau       = is_tau,
              synIsFamFree   = is_fam_free,
              synIsForgetful = is_forgetful
          }
    in tc

-- | Create a type family 'TyCon'
mkFamilyTyCon :: Name -> [TyConBinder] -> Kind  -- ^ /result/ kind
              -> Maybe Name -> FamTyConFlav
              -> Maybe Class -> Injectivity -> TyCon
mkFamilyTyCon name binders res_kind resVar flav parent inj
  = let tc =
          FamilyTyCon
            { tyConUnique  = nameUnique name
            , tyConName    = name
            , tyConBinders = binders
            , tyConResKind = res_kind
            , tyConKind    = mkTyConKind binders res_kind
            , tyConArity   = length binders
            , tyConNullaryTy = mkTyConTy_ tc
            , tyConTyVars  = binderVars binders
            , famTcResVar  = resVar
            , famTcFlav    = flav
            , famTcParent  = classTyCon <$> parent
            , famTcInj     = inj
            }
    in tc


-- | Create a promoted data constructor 'TyCon'
-- Somewhat dodgily, we give it the same Name
-- as the data constructor itself; when we pretty-print
-- the TyCon we add a quote; see the Outputable TyCon instance
mkPromotedDataCon :: DataCon -> Name -> TyConRepName
                  -> [TyConTyCoBinder] -> Kind -> [Role]
                  -> RuntimeRepInfo -> TyCon
mkPromotedDataCon con name rep_name binders res_kind roles rep_info
  = let tc =
          PromotedDataCon {
            tyConUnique   = nameUnique name,
            tyConName     = name,
            tyConArity    = length roles,
            tyConNullaryTy = mkTyConTy_ tc,
            tcRoles       = roles,
            tyConBinders  = binders,
            tyConResKind  = res_kind,
            tyConKind     = mkTyConKind binders res_kind,
            dataCon       = con,
            tcRepName     = rep_name,
            promDcRepInfo = rep_info
          }
    in tc

isFunTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isFunTyCon (FunTyCon {}) = True
isFunTyCon _             = False

-- | Test if the 'TyCon' is algebraic but abstract (invisible data constructors)
isAbstractTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isAbstractTyCon (AlgTyCon { algTcRhs = AbstractTyCon }) = True
isAbstractTyCon _ = False

-- | Does this 'TyCon' represent something that cannot be defined in Haskell?
isPrimTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isPrimTyCon (PrimTyCon {}) = True
isPrimTyCon _              = False

-- | Is this 'TyCon' unlifted (i.e. cannot contain bottom)? Note that this can
-- only be true for primitive and unboxed-tuple 'TyCon's
isUnliftedTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isUnliftedTyCon (PrimTyCon  {isUnlifted = is_unlifted})
  = is_unlifted
isUnliftedTyCon (AlgTyCon { algTcRhs = rhs } )
  | TupleTyCon { tup_sort = sort } <- rhs
  = not (isBoxed (tupleSortBoxity sort))
isUnliftedTyCon (AlgTyCon { algTcRhs = rhs } )
  | SumTyCon {} <- rhs
  = True
isUnliftedTyCon _ = False

-- | Returns @True@ if the supplied 'TyCon' resulted from either a
-- @data@ or @newtype@ declaration
isAlgTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isAlgTyCon (AlgTyCon {})   = True
isAlgTyCon _               = False

-- | Returns @True@ for vanilla AlgTyCons -- that is, those created
-- with a @data@ or @newtype@ declaration.
isVanillaAlgTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isVanillaAlgTyCon (AlgTyCon { algTcParent = VanillaAlgTyCon _ }) = True
isVanillaAlgTyCon _                                              = False

-- | Returns @True@ for the 'TyCon' of the 'Constraint' kind.
{-# INLINE isConstraintKindCon #-} -- See Note [Inlining coreView] in GHC.Core.Type
isConstraintKindCon :: TyCon -> Bool
-- NB: We intentionally match on AlgTyCon, because 'constraintKindTyCon' is
-- always an AlgTyCon (see 'pcTyCon' in TysWiredIn) and the record selector
-- for 'tyConUnique' would generate unreachable code for every other data
-- constructor of TyCon (see #18026).
isConstraintKindCon AlgTyCon { tyConUnique = u } = u == constraintKindTyConKey
isConstraintKindCon _                            = False

isDataTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
-- ^ Returns @True@ for data types that are /definitely/ represented by
-- heap-allocated constructors.  These are scrutinised by Core-level
-- @case@ expressions, and they get info tables allocated for them.
--
-- Generally, the function will be true for all @data@ types and false
-- for @newtype@s, unboxed tuples, unboxed sums and type family
-- 'TyCon's. But it is not guaranteed to return @True@ in all cases
-- that it could.
--
-- NB: for a data type family, only the /instance/ 'TyCon's
--     get an info table.  The family declaration 'TyCon' does not
isDataTyCon (AlgTyCon {algTcRhs = rhs})
  = case rhs of
        TupleTyCon { tup_sort = sort }
                           -> isBoxed (tupleSortBoxity sort)
        SumTyCon {}        -> False
        DataTyCon {}       -> True
        NewTyCon {}        -> False
        AbstractTyCon {}   -> False      -- We don't know, so return False
isDataTyCon _ = False

-- | 'isInjectiveTyCon' is true of 'TyCon's for which this property holds
-- (where X is the role passed in):
--   If (T a1 b1 c1) ~X (T a2 b2 c2), then (a1 ~X1 a2), (b1 ~X2 b2), and (c1 ~X3 c2)
-- (where X1, X2, and X3, are the roles given by tyConRolesX tc X)
-- See also Note [Decomposing equality] in "GHC.Tc.Solver.Canonical"
isInjectiveTyCon :: TyCon -> Role -> Bool
isInjectiveTyCon _                             Phantom          = False
isInjectiveTyCon (FunTyCon {})                 _                = True
isInjectiveTyCon (AlgTyCon {})                 Nominal          = True
isInjectiveTyCon (AlgTyCon {algTcRhs = rhs})   Representational
  = isGenInjAlgRhs rhs
isInjectiveTyCon (SynonymTyCon {})             _                = False
isInjectiveTyCon (FamilyTyCon { famTcFlav = DataFamilyTyCon _ })
                                               Nominal          = True
isInjectiveTyCon (FamilyTyCon { famTcInj = Injective inj }) Nominal = and inj
isInjectiveTyCon (FamilyTyCon {})              _                = False
isInjectiveTyCon (PrimTyCon {})                _                = True
isInjectiveTyCon (PromotedDataCon {})          _                = True
isInjectiveTyCon (TcTyCon {})                  _                = True
  -- Reply True for TcTyCon to minimise knock on type errors
  -- See Note [How TcTyCons work] item (1) in GHC.Tc.TyCl

-- | 'isGenerativeTyCon' is true of 'TyCon's for which this property holds
-- (where X is the role passed in):
--   If (T tys ~X t), then (t's head ~X T).
-- See also Note [Decomposing equality] in "GHC.Tc.Solver.Canonical"
isGenerativeTyCon :: TyCon -> Role -> Bool
isGenerativeTyCon (FamilyTyCon { famTcFlav = DataFamilyTyCon _ }) Nominal = True
isGenerativeTyCon (FamilyTyCon {}) _ = False
  -- in all other cases, injectivity implies generativity
isGenerativeTyCon tc               r = isInjectiveTyCon tc r

-- | Is this an 'AlgTyConRhs' of a 'TyCon' that is generative and injective
-- with respect to representational equality?
isGenInjAlgRhs :: AlgTyConRhs -> Bool
isGenInjAlgRhs (TupleTyCon {})          = True
isGenInjAlgRhs (SumTyCon {})            = True
isGenInjAlgRhs (DataTyCon {})           = True
isGenInjAlgRhs (AbstractTyCon {})       = False
isGenInjAlgRhs (NewTyCon {})            = False

-- | Is this 'TyCon' that for a @newtype@
isNewTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isNewTyCon (AlgTyCon {algTcRhs = NewTyCon {}}) = True
isNewTyCon _                                   = False

-- | Take a 'TyCon' apart into the 'TyVar's it scopes over, the 'Type' it
-- expands into, and (possibly) a coercion from the representation type to the
-- @newtype@.
-- Returns @Nothing@ if this is not possible.
unwrapNewTyCon_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe ([TyVar], Type, CoAxiom Unbranched)
unwrapNewTyCon_maybe (AlgTyCon { tyConTyVars = tvs,
                                 algTcRhs = NewTyCon { nt_co = co,
                                                       nt_rhs = rhs }})
                           = Just (tvs, rhs, co)
unwrapNewTyCon_maybe _     = Nothing

unwrapNewTyConEtad_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe ([TyVar], Type, CoAxiom Unbranched)
unwrapNewTyConEtad_maybe (AlgTyCon { algTcRhs = NewTyCon { nt_co = co,
                                                           nt_etad_rhs = (tvs,rhs) }})
                           = Just (tvs, rhs, co)
unwrapNewTyConEtad_maybe _ = Nothing

-- | Is this a 'TyCon' representing a regular H98 type synonym (@type@)?
{-# INLINE isTypeSynonymTyCon #-}  -- See Note [Inlining coreView] in GHC.Core.Type
isTypeSynonymTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isTypeSynonymTyCon (SynonymTyCon {}) = True
isTypeSynonymTyCon _                 = False

isTauTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isTauTyCon (SynonymTyCon { synIsTau = is_tau }) = is_tau
isTauTyCon _                                    = True

-- | Is this tycon neither a type family nor a synonym that expands
-- to a type family?
isFamFreeTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isFamFreeTyCon (SynonymTyCon { synIsFamFree = fam_free }) = fam_free
isFamFreeTyCon (FamilyTyCon { famTcFlav = flav })         = isDataFamFlav flav
isFamFreeTyCon _                                          = True

-- | Is this a forgetful type synonym? If this is a type synonym whose
-- RHS does not mention one (or more) of its bound variables, returns
-- True. Thus, False means that all bound variables appear on the RHS;
-- True may not mean anything, as the test to set this flag is
-- conservative.
isForgetfulSynTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isForgetfulSynTyCon (SynonymTyCon { synIsForgetful = forget }) = forget
isForgetfulSynTyCon _                                          = False

-- As for newtypes, it is in some contexts important to distinguish between
-- closed synonyms and synonym families, as synonym families have no unique
-- right hand side to which a synonym family application can expand.
--

-- | True iff we can decompose (T a b c) into ((T a b) c)
--   I.e. is it injective and generative w.r.t nominal equality?
--   That is, if (T a b) ~N d e f, is it always the case that
--            (T ~N d), (a ~N e) and (b ~N f)?
-- Specifically NOT true of synonyms (open and otherwise)
--
-- It'd be unusual to call mustBeSaturated on a regular H98
-- type synonym, because you should probably have expanded it first
-- But regardless, it's not decomposable
mustBeSaturated :: TyCon -> Bool
mustBeSaturated = tcFlavourMustBeSaturated . tyConFlavour

-- | Is this an algebraic 'TyCon' declared with the GADT syntax?
isGadtSyntaxTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isGadtSyntaxTyCon (AlgTyCon { algTcGadtSyntax = res }) = res
isGadtSyntaxTyCon _                                    = False

-- | Is this an algebraic 'TyCon' which is just an enumeration of values?
isEnumerationTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
-- See Note [Enumeration types] in GHC.Core.TyCon
isEnumerationTyCon (AlgTyCon { tyConArity = arity, algTcRhs = rhs })
  = case rhs of
       DataTyCon { is_enum = res } -> res
       TupleTyCon {}               -> arity == 0
       _                           -> False
isEnumerationTyCon _ = False

-- | Is this a 'TyCon', synonym or otherwise, that defines a family?
isFamilyTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isFamilyTyCon (FamilyTyCon {}) = True
isFamilyTyCon _                = False

-- | Is this a 'TyCon', synonym or otherwise, that defines a family with
-- instances?
isOpenFamilyTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isOpenFamilyTyCon (FamilyTyCon {famTcFlav = flav })
  | OpenSynFamilyTyCon <- flav = True
  | DataFamilyTyCon {} <- flav = True
isOpenFamilyTyCon _            = False

-- | Is this a synonym 'TyCon' that can have may have further instances appear?
isTypeFamilyTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isTypeFamilyTyCon (FamilyTyCon { famTcFlav = flav }) = not (isDataFamFlav flav)
isTypeFamilyTyCon _                                  = False

-- | Is this a synonym 'TyCon' that can have may have further instances appear?
isDataFamilyTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isDataFamilyTyCon (FamilyTyCon { famTcFlav = flav }) = isDataFamFlav flav
isDataFamilyTyCon _                                  = False

-- | Is this an open type family TyCon?
isOpenTypeFamilyTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isOpenTypeFamilyTyCon (FamilyTyCon {famTcFlav = OpenSynFamilyTyCon }) = True
isOpenTypeFamilyTyCon _                                               = False

-- | Is this a non-empty closed type family? Returns 'Nothing' for
-- abstract or empty closed families.
isClosedSynFamilyTyConWithAxiom_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe (CoAxiom Branched)
isClosedSynFamilyTyConWithAxiom_maybe
  (FamilyTyCon {famTcFlav = ClosedSynFamilyTyCon mb}) = mb
isClosedSynFamilyTyConWithAxiom_maybe _               = Nothing

-- | @'tyConInjectivityInfo' tc@ returns @'Injective' is@ if @tc@ is an
-- injective tycon (where @is@ states for which 'tyConBinders' @tc@ is
-- injective), or 'NotInjective' otherwise.
tyConInjectivityInfo :: TyCon -> Injectivity
tyConInjectivityInfo tc
  | FamilyTyCon { famTcInj = inj } <- tc
  = inj
  | isInjectiveTyCon tc Nominal
  = Injective (replicate (tyConArity tc) True)
  | otherwise
  = NotInjective

isBuiltInSynFamTyCon_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe BuiltInSynFamily
isBuiltInSynFamTyCon_maybe
  (FamilyTyCon {famTcFlav = BuiltInSynFamTyCon ops }) = Just ops
isBuiltInSynFamTyCon_maybe _                          = Nothing

isDataFamFlav :: FamTyConFlav -> Bool
isDataFamFlav (DataFamilyTyCon {}) = True   -- Data family
isDataFamFlav _                    = False  -- Type synonym family

-- | Is this TyCon for an associated type?
isTyConAssoc :: TyCon -> Bool
isTyConAssoc = isJust . tyConAssoc_maybe

-- | Get the enclosing class TyCon (if there is one) for the given TyCon.
tyConAssoc_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe TyCon
tyConAssoc_maybe = tyConFlavourAssoc_maybe . tyConFlavour

-- | Get the enclosing class TyCon (if there is one) for the given TyConFlavour
tyConFlavourAssoc_maybe :: TyConFlavour -> Maybe TyCon
tyConFlavourAssoc_maybe (DataFamilyFlavour mb_parent)     = mb_parent
tyConFlavourAssoc_maybe (OpenTypeFamilyFlavour mb_parent) = mb_parent
tyConFlavourAssoc_maybe _                                 = Nothing

-- The unit tycon didn't used to be classed as a tuple tycon
-- but I thought that was silly so I've undone it
-- If it can't be for some reason, it should be a AlgTyCon
isTupleTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
-- ^ Does this 'TyCon' represent a tuple?
--
-- NB: when compiling @Data.Tuple@, the tycons won't reply @True@ to
-- 'isTupleTyCon', because they are built as 'AlgTyCons'.  However they
-- get spat into the interface file as tuple tycons, so I don't think
-- it matters.
isTupleTyCon (AlgTyCon { algTcRhs = TupleTyCon {} }) = True
isTupleTyCon _ = False

tyConTuple_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe TupleSort
tyConTuple_maybe (AlgTyCon { algTcRhs = rhs })
  | TupleTyCon { tup_sort = sort} <- rhs = Just sort
tyConTuple_maybe _                       = Nothing

-- | Is this the 'TyCon' for an unboxed tuple?
isUnboxedTupleTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isUnboxedTupleTyCon (AlgTyCon { algTcRhs = rhs })
  | TupleTyCon { tup_sort = sort } <- rhs
  = not (isBoxed (tupleSortBoxity sort))
isUnboxedTupleTyCon _ = False

-- | Is this the 'TyCon' for a boxed tuple?
isBoxedTupleTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isBoxedTupleTyCon (AlgTyCon { algTcRhs = rhs })
  | TupleTyCon { tup_sort = sort } <- rhs
  = isBoxed (tupleSortBoxity sort)
isBoxedTupleTyCon _ = False

-- | Is this the 'TyCon' for an unboxed sum?
isUnboxedSumTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isUnboxedSumTyCon (AlgTyCon { algTcRhs = rhs })
  | SumTyCon {} <- rhs
  = True
isUnboxedSumTyCon _ = False

isLiftedAlgTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isLiftedAlgTyCon (AlgTyCon { tyConResKind = res_kind })
  = isLiftedTypeKind res_kind
isLiftedAlgTyCon _ = False

-- | Is this the 'TyCon' for a /promoted/ tuple?
isPromotedTupleTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isPromotedTupleTyCon tyCon
  | Just dataCon <- isPromotedDataCon_maybe tyCon
  , isTupleTyCon (dataConTyCon dataCon) = True
  | otherwise                           = False

-- | Is this a PromotedDataCon?
isPromotedDataCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isPromotedDataCon (PromotedDataCon {}) = True
isPromotedDataCon _                    = False

-- | Retrieves the promoted DataCon if this is a PromotedDataCon;
isPromotedDataCon_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe DataCon
isPromotedDataCon_maybe (PromotedDataCon { dataCon = dc }) = Just dc
isPromotedDataCon_maybe _ = Nothing

-- | Is this tycon really meant for use at the kind level? That is,
-- should it be permitted without -XDataKinds?
isKindTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isKindTyCon tc = getUnique tc `elementOfUniqSet` kindTyConKeys

-- | These TyCons should be allowed at the kind level, even without
-- -XDataKinds.
kindTyConKeys :: UniqSet Unique
kindTyConKeys = unionManyUniqSets
  ( mkUniqSet [ liftedTypeKindTyConKey, liftedRepTyConKey, constraintKindTyConKey, tYPETyConKey ]
  : map (mkUniqSet . tycon_with_datacons) [ runtimeRepTyCon, levityTyCon
                                          , multiplicityTyCon
                                          , vecCountTyCon, vecElemTyCon ] )
  where
    tycon_with_datacons tc = getUnique tc : map getUnique (tyConDataCons tc)

isLiftedTypeKindTyConName :: Name -> Bool
isLiftedTypeKindTyConName = (`hasKey` liftedTypeKindTyConKey)

-- | Identifies implicit tycons that, in particular, do not go into interface
-- files (because they are implicitly reconstructed when the interface is
-- read).
--
-- Note that:
--
-- * Associated families are implicit, as they are re-constructed from
--   the class declaration in which they reside, and
--
-- * Family instances are /not/ implicit as they represent the instance body
--   (similar to a @dfun@ does that for a class instance).
--
-- * Tuples are implicit iff they have a wired-in name
--   (namely: boxed and unboxed tuples are wired-in and implicit,
--            but constraint tuples are not)
isImplicitTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isImplicitTyCon (FunTyCon {})        = True
isImplicitTyCon (PrimTyCon {})       = True
isImplicitTyCon (PromotedDataCon {}) = True
isImplicitTyCon (AlgTyCon { algTcRhs = rhs, tyConName = name })
  | TupleTyCon {} <- rhs             = isWiredInName name
  | SumTyCon {} <- rhs               = True
  | otherwise                        = False
isImplicitTyCon (FamilyTyCon { famTcParent = parent }) = isJust parent
isImplicitTyCon (SynonymTyCon {})    = False
isImplicitTyCon (TcTyCon {})         = False

tyConCType_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe CType
tyConCType_maybe tc@(AlgTyCon {}) = tyConCType tc
tyConCType_maybe _ = Nothing

-- | Is this a TcTyCon? (That is, one only used during type-checking?)
isTcTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isTcTyCon (TcTyCon {}) = True
isTcTyCon _            = False

setTcTyConKind :: TyCon -> Kind -> TyCon
-- Update the Kind of a TcTyCon
-- The new kind is always a zonked version of its previous
-- kind, so we don't need to update any other fields.
-- See Note [The Purely Kinded Invariant] in GHC.Tc.Gen.HsType
setTcTyConKind tc@(TcTyCon {}) kind = let tc' = tc { tyConKind = kind
                                                   , tyConNullaryTy = mkTyConTy_ tc'
                                                       -- see Note [Sharing nullary TyCons]
                                                   }
                                      in tc'
setTcTyConKind tc              _    = pprPanic "setTcTyConKind" (ppr tc)

-- | Could this TyCon ever be levity-polymorphic when fully applied?
-- True is safe. False means we're sure. Does only a quick check
-- based on the TyCon's category.
-- Precondition: The fully-applied TyCon has kind (TYPE blah)
isTcLevPoly :: TyCon -> Bool
isTcLevPoly FunTyCon{}           = False
isTcLevPoly (AlgTyCon { algTcParent = parent, algTcRhs = rhs })
  | UnboxedAlgTyCon _ <- parent
  = True
  | NewTyCon { nt_lev_poly = lev_poly } <- rhs
  = lev_poly -- Newtypes can be levity polymorphic with UnliftedNewtypes (#17360)
  | otherwise
  = False
isTcLevPoly SynonymTyCon{}       = True
isTcLevPoly FamilyTyCon{}        = True
isTcLevPoly PrimTyCon{}          = False
isTcLevPoly TcTyCon{}            = False
isTcLevPoly tc@PromotedDataCon{} = pprPanic "isTcLevPoly datacon" (ppr tc)

{-
-----------------------------------------------
--      Expand type-constructor applications
-----------------------------------------------
-}

expandSynTyCon_maybe
        :: TyCon
        -> [tyco]                 -- ^ Arguments to 'TyCon'
        -> Maybe ([(TyVar,tyco)],
                  Type,
                  [tyco])         -- ^ Returns a 'TyVar' substitution, the body
                                  -- type of the synonym (not yet substituted)
                                  -- and any arguments remaining from the
                                  -- application
-- ^ Expand a type synonym application
-- Return Nothing if the TyCon is not a synonym,
-- or if not enough arguments are supplied
expandSynTyCon_maybe tc tys
  | SynonymTyCon { tyConTyVars = tvs, synTcRhs = rhs, tyConArity = arity } <- tc
  = if arity == 0
    then Just ([], rhs, tys)  -- Avoid a bit of work in the case of nullary synonyms
    else case tys `listLengthCmp` arity of
              GT -> Just (tvs `zip` tys, rhs, drop arity tys)
              EQ -> Just (tvs `zip` tys, rhs, [])
              LT -> Nothing
   | otherwise
   = Nothing

----------------

-- | Check if the tycon actually refers to a proper `data` or `newtype`
--  with user defined constructors rather than one from a class or other
--  construction.

-- NB: This is only used in GHC.Tc.Gen.Export.checkPatSynParent to determine if an
-- exported tycon can have a pattern synonym bundled with it, e.g.,
-- module Foo (TyCon(.., PatSyn)) where
isTyConWithSrcDataCons :: TyCon -> Bool
isTyConWithSrcDataCons (AlgTyCon { algTcRhs = rhs, algTcParent = parent }) =
  case rhs of
    DataTyCon {}  -> isSrcParent
    NewTyCon {}   -> isSrcParent
    TupleTyCon {} -> isSrcParent
    _ -> False
  where
    isSrcParent = isNoParent parent
isTyConWithSrcDataCons (FamilyTyCon { famTcFlav = DataFamilyTyCon {} })
                         = True -- #14058
isTyConWithSrcDataCons _ = False


-- | As 'tyConDataCons_maybe', but returns the empty list of constructors if no
-- constructors could be found
tyConDataCons :: TyCon -> [DataCon]
-- It's convenient for tyConDataCons to return the
-- empty list for type synonyms etc
tyConDataCons tycon = tyConDataCons_maybe tycon `orElse` []

-- | Determine the 'DataCon's originating from the given 'TyCon', if the 'TyCon'
-- is the sort that can have any constructors (note: this does not include
-- abstract algebraic types)
tyConDataCons_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe [DataCon]
tyConDataCons_maybe (AlgTyCon {algTcRhs = rhs})
  = case rhs of
       DataTyCon { data_cons = cons } -> Just cons
       NewTyCon { data_con = con }    -> Just [con]
       TupleTyCon { data_con = con }  -> Just [con]
       SumTyCon { data_cons = cons }  -> Just cons
       _                              -> Nothing
tyConDataCons_maybe _ = Nothing

-- | If the given 'TyCon' has a /single/ data constructor, i.e. it is a @data@
-- type with one alternative, a tuple type or a @newtype@ then that constructor
-- is returned. If the 'TyCon' has more than one constructor, or represents a
-- primitive or function type constructor then @Nothing@ is returned.
tyConSingleDataCon_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe DataCon
tyConSingleDataCon_maybe (AlgTyCon { algTcRhs = rhs })
  = case rhs of
      DataTyCon { data_cons = [c] } -> Just c
      TupleTyCon { data_con = c }   -> Just c
      NewTyCon { data_con = c }     -> Just c
      _                             -> Nothing
tyConSingleDataCon_maybe _           = Nothing

-- | Like 'tyConSingleDataCon_maybe', but panics if 'Nothing'.
tyConSingleDataCon :: TyCon -> DataCon
tyConSingleDataCon tc
  = case tyConSingleDataCon_maybe tc of
      Just c  -> c
      Nothing -> pprPanic "tyConDataCon" (ppr tc)

-- | Like 'tyConSingleDataCon_maybe', but returns 'Nothing' for newtypes.
tyConSingleAlgDataCon_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe DataCon
tyConSingleAlgDataCon_maybe tycon
  | isNewTyCon tycon = Nothing
  | otherwise        = tyConSingleDataCon_maybe tycon

-- | Returns @Just dcs@ if the given 'TyCon' is a @data@ type, a tuple type
-- or a sum type with data constructors dcs. If the 'TyCon' has more than one
-- constructor, or represents a primitive or function type constructor then
-- @Nothing@ is returned.
--
-- Like 'tyConDataCons_maybe', but returns 'Nothing' for newtypes.
tyConAlgDataCons_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe [DataCon]
tyConAlgDataCons_maybe tycon
  | isNewTyCon tycon = Nothing
  | otherwise        = tyConDataCons_maybe tycon

-- | Determine the number of value constructors a 'TyCon' has. Panics if the
-- 'TyCon' is not algebraic or a tuple
tyConFamilySize  :: TyCon -> Int
tyConFamilySize tc@(AlgTyCon { algTcRhs = rhs })
  = case rhs of
      DataTyCon { data_cons_size = size } -> size
      NewTyCon {}                    -> 1
      TupleTyCon {}                  -> 1
      SumTyCon { data_cons_size = size }  -> size
      _                              -> pprPanic "tyConFamilySize 1" (ppr tc)
tyConFamilySize tc = pprPanic "tyConFamilySize 2" (ppr tc)

-- | Extract an 'AlgTyConRhs' with information about data constructors from an
-- algebraic or tuple 'TyCon'. Panics for any other sort of 'TyCon'
algTyConRhs :: TyCon -> AlgTyConRhs
algTyConRhs (AlgTyCon {algTcRhs = rhs}) = rhs
algTyConRhs other = pprPanic "algTyConRhs" (ppr other)

-- | Extract type variable naming the result of injective type family
tyConFamilyResVar_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe Name
tyConFamilyResVar_maybe (FamilyTyCon {famTcResVar = res}) = res
tyConFamilyResVar_maybe _                                 = Nothing

-- | Get the list of roles for the type parameters of a TyCon
tyConRoles :: TyCon -> [Role]
-- See also Note [TyCon Role signatures]
tyConRoles tc
  = case tc of
    { FunTyCon {}                         -> [Nominal, Nominal, Nominal, Representational, Representational]
    ; AlgTyCon { tcRoles = roles }        -> roles
    ; SynonymTyCon { tcRoles = roles }    -> roles
    ; FamilyTyCon {}                      -> const_role Nominal
    ; PrimTyCon { tcRoles = roles }       -> roles
    ; PromotedDataCon { tcRoles = roles } -> roles
    ; TcTyCon {}                          -> const_role Nominal
    }
  where
    const_role r = replicate (tyConArity tc) r

-- | Extract the bound type variables and type expansion of a type synonym
-- 'TyCon'. Panics if the 'TyCon' is not a synonym
newTyConRhs :: TyCon -> ([TyVar], Type)
newTyConRhs (AlgTyCon {tyConTyVars = tvs, algTcRhs = NewTyCon { nt_rhs = rhs }})
    = (tvs, rhs)
newTyConRhs tycon = pprPanic "newTyConRhs" (ppr tycon)

-- | The number of type parameters that need to be passed to a newtype to
-- resolve it. May be less than in the definition if it can be eta-contracted.
newTyConEtadArity :: TyCon -> Int
newTyConEtadArity (AlgTyCon {algTcRhs = NewTyCon { nt_etad_rhs = tvs_rhs }})
        = length (fst tvs_rhs)
newTyConEtadArity tycon = pprPanic "newTyConEtadArity" (ppr tycon)

-- | Extract the bound type variables and type expansion of an eta-contracted
-- type synonym 'TyCon'.  Panics if the 'TyCon' is not a synonym
newTyConEtadRhs :: TyCon -> ([TyVar], Type)
newTyConEtadRhs (AlgTyCon {algTcRhs = NewTyCon { nt_etad_rhs = tvs_rhs }}) = tvs_rhs
newTyConEtadRhs tycon = pprPanic "newTyConEtadRhs" (ppr tycon)

-- | Extracts the @newtype@ coercion from such a 'TyCon', which can be used to
-- construct something with the @newtype@s type from its representation type
-- (right hand side). If the supplied 'TyCon' is not a @newtype@, returns
-- @Nothing@
newTyConCo_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe (CoAxiom Unbranched)
newTyConCo_maybe (AlgTyCon {algTcRhs = NewTyCon { nt_co = co }}) = Just co
newTyConCo_maybe _                                               = Nothing

newTyConCo :: TyCon -> CoAxiom Unbranched
newTyConCo tc = case newTyConCo_maybe tc of
                 Just co -> co
                 Nothing -> pprPanic "newTyConCo" (ppr tc)

newTyConDataCon_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe DataCon
newTyConDataCon_maybe (AlgTyCon {algTcRhs = NewTyCon { data_con = con }}) = Just con
newTyConDataCon_maybe _ = Nothing

-- | Find the \"stupid theta\" of the 'TyCon'. A \"stupid theta\" is the context
-- to the left of an algebraic type declaration, e.g. @Eq a@ in the declaration
-- @data Eq a => T a ...@
tyConStupidTheta :: TyCon -> [PredType]
tyConStupidTheta (AlgTyCon {algTcStupidTheta = stupid}) = stupid
tyConStupidTheta (FunTyCon {}) = []
tyConStupidTheta tycon = pprPanic "tyConStupidTheta" (ppr tycon)

-- | Extract the 'TyVar's bound by a vanilla type synonym
-- and the corresponding (unsubstituted) right hand side.
synTyConDefn_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe ([TyVar], Type)
synTyConDefn_maybe (SynonymTyCon {tyConTyVars = tyvars, synTcRhs = ty})
  = Just (tyvars, ty)
synTyConDefn_maybe _ = Nothing

-- | Extract the information pertaining to the right hand side of a type synonym
-- (@type@) declaration.
synTyConRhs_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe Type
synTyConRhs_maybe (SynonymTyCon {synTcRhs = rhs}) = Just rhs
synTyConRhs_maybe _                               = Nothing

-- | Extract the flavour of a type family (with all the extra information that
-- it carries)
famTyConFlav_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe FamTyConFlav
famTyConFlav_maybe (FamilyTyCon {famTcFlav = flav}) = Just flav
famTyConFlav_maybe _                                = Nothing

-- | Is this 'TyCon' that for a class instance?
isClassTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isClassTyCon (AlgTyCon {algTcParent = ClassTyCon {}}) = True
isClassTyCon _                                        = False

-- | If this 'TyCon' is that for a class instance, return the class it is for.
-- Otherwise returns @Nothing@
tyConClass_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe Class
tyConClass_maybe (AlgTyCon {algTcParent = ClassTyCon clas _}) = Just clas
tyConClass_maybe _                                            = Nothing

-- | Return the associated types of the 'TyCon', if any
tyConATs :: TyCon -> [TyCon]
tyConATs (AlgTyCon {algTcParent = ClassTyCon clas _}) = classATs clas
tyConATs _                                            = []

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- | Is this 'TyCon' that for a data family instance?
isFamInstTyCon :: TyCon -> Bool
isFamInstTyCon (AlgTyCon {algTcParent = DataFamInstTyCon {} })
  = True
isFamInstTyCon _ = False

tyConFamInstSig_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe (TyCon, [Type], CoAxiom Unbranched)
tyConFamInstSig_maybe (AlgTyCon {algTcParent = DataFamInstTyCon ax f ts })
  = Just (f, ts, ax)
tyConFamInstSig_maybe _ = Nothing

-- | If this 'TyCon' is that of a data family instance, return the family in question
-- and the instance types. Otherwise, return @Nothing@
tyConFamInst_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe (TyCon, [Type])
tyConFamInst_maybe (AlgTyCon {algTcParent = DataFamInstTyCon _ f ts })
  = Just (f, ts)
tyConFamInst_maybe _ = Nothing

-- | If this 'TyCon' is that of a data family instance, return a 'TyCon' which
-- represents a coercion identifying the representation type with the type
-- instance family.  Otherwise, return @Nothing@
tyConFamilyCoercion_maybe :: TyCon -> Maybe (CoAxiom Unbranched)
tyConFamilyCoercion_maybe (AlgTyCon {algTcParent = DataFamInstTyCon ax _ _ })
  = Just ax
tyConFamilyCoercion_maybe _ = Nothing

-- | Extract any 'RuntimeRepInfo' from this TyCon
tyConRuntimeRepInfo :: TyCon -> RuntimeRepInfo
tyConRuntimeRepInfo (PromotedDataCon { promDcRepInfo = rri }) = rri
tyConRuntimeRepInfo _                                         = NoRRI
  -- could panic in that second case. But Douglas Adams told me not to.

{-
Note [Constructor tag allocation]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
When typechecking we need to allocate constructor tags to constructors.
They are allocated based on the position in the data_cons field of TyCon,
with the first constructor getting fIRST_TAG.

We used to pay linear cost per constructor, with each constructor looking up
its relative index in the constructor list. That was quadratic and prohibitive
for large data types with more than 10k constructors.

The current strategy is to build a NameEnv with a mapping from constructor's
Name to ConTag and pass it down to buildDataCon for efficient lookup.

Relevant ticket: #14657
-}

mkTyConTagMap :: TyCon -> NameEnv ConTag
mkTyConTagMap tycon =
  mkNameEnv $ map getName (tyConDataCons tycon) `zip` [fIRST_TAG..]
  -- See Note [Constructor tag allocation]

{-
************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
\subsection[TyCon-instances]{Instance declarations for @TyCon@}
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************

@TyCon@s are compared by comparing their @Unique@s.
-}

instance Eq TyCon where
    a == b = getUnique a == getUnique b
    a /= b = getUnique a /= getUnique b

instance Uniquable TyCon where
    getUnique tc = tyConUnique tc

instance Outputable TyCon where
  -- At the moment a promoted TyCon has the same Name as its
  -- corresponding TyCon, so we add the quote to distinguish it here
  ppr tc = pprPromotionQuote tc <> ppr (tyConName tc) <> pp_tc
    where
      pp_tc = getPprStyle $ \sty ->
              getPprDebug $ \debug ->
               if ((debug || dumpStyle sty) && isTcTyCon tc)
                  then text "[tc]"
                  else empty

-- | Paints a picture of what a 'TyCon' represents, in broad strokes.
-- This is used towards more informative error messages.
data TyConFlavour
  = ClassFlavour
  | TupleFlavour Boxity
  | SumFlavour
  | DataTypeFlavour
  | NewtypeFlavour
  | AbstractTypeFlavour
  | DataFamilyFlavour (Maybe TyCon)     -- Just tc <=> (tc == associated class)
  | OpenTypeFamilyFlavour (Maybe TyCon) -- Just tc <=> (tc == associated class)
  | ClosedTypeFamilyFlavour
  | TypeSynonymFlavour
  | BuiltInTypeFlavour -- ^ e.g., the @(->)@ 'TyCon'.
  | PromotedDataConFlavour
  deriving Eq

instance Outputable TyConFlavour where
  ppr = text . go
    where
      go ClassFlavour = "class"
      go (TupleFlavour boxed) | isBoxed boxed = "tuple"
                              | otherwise     = "unboxed tuple"
      go SumFlavour              = "unboxed sum"
      go DataTypeFlavour         = "data type"
      go NewtypeFlavour          = "newtype"
      go AbstractTypeFlavour     = "abstract type"
      go (DataFamilyFlavour (Just _))  = "associated data family"
      go (DataFamilyFlavour Nothing)   = "data family"
      go (OpenTypeFamilyFlavour (Just _)) = "associated type family"
      go (OpenTypeFamilyFlavour Nothing)  = "type family"
      go ClosedTypeFamilyFlavour = "type family"
      go TypeSynonymFlavour      = "type synonym"
      go BuiltInTypeFlavour      = "built-in type"
      go PromotedDataConFlavour  = "promoted data constructor"

tyConFlavour :: TyCon -> TyConFlavour
tyConFlavour (AlgTyCon { algTcParent = parent, algTcRhs = rhs })
  | ClassTyCon _ _ <- parent = ClassFlavour
  | otherwise = case rhs of
                  TupleTyCon { tup_sort = sort }
                                     -> TupleFlavour (tupleSortBoxity sort)
                  SumTyCon {}        -> SumFlavour
                  DataTyCon {}       -> DataTypeFlavour
                  NewTyCon {}        -> NewtypeFlavour
                  AbstractTyCon {}   -> AbstractTypeFlavour
tyConFlavour (FamilyTyCon { famTcFlav = flav, famTcParent = parent })
  = case flav of
      DataFamilyTyCon{}            -> DataFamilyFlavour parent
      OpenSynFamilyTyCon           -> OpenTypeFamilyFlavour parent
      ClosedSynFamilyTyCon{}       -> ClosedTypeFamilyFlavour
      AbstractClosedSynFamilyTyCon -> ClosedTypeFamilyFlavour
      BuiltInSynFamTyCon{}         -> ClosedTypeFamilyFlavour
tyConFlavour (SynonymTyCon {})    = TypeSynonymFlavour
tyConFlavour (FunTyCon {})        = BuiltInTypeFlavour
tyConFlavour (PrimTyCon {})       = BuiltInTypeFlavour
tyConFlavour (PromotedDataCon {}) = PromotedDataConFlavour
tyConFlavour (TcTyCon { tcTyConFlavour = flav }) = flav

-- | Can this flavour of 'TyCon' appear unsaturated?
tcFlavourMustBeSaturated :: TyConFlavour -> Bool
tcFlavourMustBeSaturated ClassFlavour            = False
tcFlavourMustBeSaturated DataTypeFlavour         = False
tcFlavourMustBeSaturated NewtypeFlavour          = False
tcFlavourMustBeSaturated DataFamilyFlavour{}     = False
tcFlavourMustBeSaturated TupleFlavour{}          = False
tcFlavourMustBeSaturated SumFlavour              = False
tcFlavourMustBeSaturated AbstractTypeFlavour     = False
tcFlavourMustBeSaturated BuiltInTypeFlavour      = False
tcFlavourMustBeSaturated PromotedDataConFlavour  = False
tcFlavourMustBeSaturated TypeSynonymFlavour      = True
tcFlavourMustBeSaturated OpenTypeFamilyFlavour{} = True
tcFlavourMustBeSaturated ClosedTypeFamilyFlavour = True

-- | Is this flavour of 'TyCon' an open type family or a data family?
tcFlavourIsOpen :: TyConFlavour -> Bool
tcFlavourIsOpen DataFamilyFlavour{}     = True
tcFlavourIsOpen OpenTypeFamilyFlavour{} = True
tcFlavourIsOpen ClosedTypeFamilyFlavour = False
tcFlavourIsOpen ClassFlavour            = False
tcFlavourIsOpen DataTypeFlavour         = False
tcFlavourIsOpen NewtypeFlavour          = False
tcFlavourIsOpen TupleFlavour{}          = False
tcFlavourIsOpen SumFlavour              = False
tcFlavourIsOpen AbstractTypeFlavour     = False
tcFlavourIsOpen BuiltInTypeFlavour      = False
tcFlavourIsOpen PromotedDataConFlavour  = False
tcFlavourIsOpen TypeSynonymFlavour      = False

pprPromotionQuote :: TyCon -> SDoc
-- Promoted data constructors already have a tick in their OccName
pprPromotionQuote tc
  = case tc of
      PromotedDataCon {} -> char '\'' -- Always quote promoted DataCons in types
      _                  -> empty

instance NamedThing TyCon where
    getName = tyConName

instance Data.Data TyCon where
    -- don't traverse?
    toConstr _   = abstractConstr "TyCon"
    gunfold _ _  = error "gunfold"
    dataTypeOf _ = mkNoRepType "TyCon"

instance Binary Injectivity where
    put_ bh NotInjective   = putByte bh 0
    put_ bh (Injective xs) = putByte bh 1 >> put_ bh xs

    get bh = do { h <- getByte bh
                ; case h of
                    0 -> return NotInjective
                    _ -> do { xs <- get bh
                            ; return (Injective xs) } }

-- | Returns whether or not this 'TyCon' is definite, or a hole
-- that may be filled in at some later point.  See Note [Skolem abstract data]
tyConSkolem :: TyCon -> Bool
tyConSkolem = isHoleName . tyConName

-- Note [Skolem abstract data]
-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-- Skolem abstract data arises from data declarations in an hsig file.
--
-- The best analogy is to interpret the types declared in signature files as
-- elaborating to universally quantified type variables; e.g.,
--
--    unit p where
--        signature H where
--            data T
--            data S
--        module M where
--            import H
--            f :: (T ~ S) => a -> b
--            f x = x
--
-- elaborates as (with some fake structural types):
--
--    p :: forall t s. { f :: forall a b. t ~ s => a -> b }
--    p = { f = \x -> x } -- ill-typed
--
-- It is clear that inside p, t ~ s is not provable (and
-- if we tried to write a function to cast t to s, that
-- would not work), but if we call p @Int @Int, clearly Int ~ Int
-- is provable.  The skolem variables are all distinct from
-- one another, but we can't make assumptions like "f is
-- inaccessible", because the skolem variables will get
-- instantiated eventually!
--
-- Skolem abstractness can apply to "non-abstract" data as well):
--
--    unit p where
--        signature H1 where
--            data T = MkT
--        signature H2 where
--            data T = MkT
--        module M where
--            import qualified H1
--            import qualified H2
--            f :: (H1.T ~ H2.T) => a -> b
--            f x = x
--
-- This is why the test is on the original name of the TyCon,
-- not whether it is abstract or not.
