/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Project:  Oracle Spatial Driver
 * Purpose:  Implementation of the OGROCIDataSource class.
 * Author:   Frank Warmerdam, warmerdam@pobox.com
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2002, Frank Warmerdam <warmerdam@pobox.com>
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
 * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 ****************************************************************************/

#include "ogr_oci.h"
#include "cpl_conv.h"
#include "cpl_string.h"

constexpr int anEPSGOracleMapping[] = {
    /* Oracle SRID, EPSG GCS/PCS Code */

    8192, 4326,  // WGS84
    8306, 4322,  // WGS72
    8267, 4269,  // NAD83
    8274,
    4277,  // OSGB 36
           // NAD27 isn't easily mapped since there are many Oracle NAD27 codes.

    81989, 27700,  // UK National Grid

    0, 0  // end marker
};

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGROCIDataSource()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGROCIDataSource::OGROCIDataSource()

{
    pszName = nullptr;
    pszDBName = nullptr;
    papoLayers = nullptr;
    nLayers = 0;
    bDSUpdate = FALSE;
    bNoLogging = FALSE;
    poSession = nullptr;
    papoSRS = nullptr;
    panSRID = nullptr;
    nKnownSRID = 0;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         ~OGROCIDataSource()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGROCIDataSource::~OGROCIDataSource()

{
    int i;

    CPLFree(pszName);
    CPLFree(pszDBName);

    for (i = 0; i < nLayers; i++)
        delete papoLayers[i];

    CPLFree(papoLayers);

    for (i = 0; i < nKnownSRID; i++)
    {
        papoSRS[i]->Release();
    }
    CPLFree(papoSRS);
    CPLFree(panSRID);

    if (poSession != nullptr)
        delete poSession;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                                Open()                                */
/************************************************************************/

int OGROCIDataSource::Open(const char *pszNewName, char **papszOpenOptionsIn,
                           int bUpdate, int bTestOpen)

{
    CPLAssert(nLayers == 0 && poSession == nullptr);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Verify Oracle prefix.                                           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (!STARTS_WITH_CI(pszNewName, "OCI:"))
    {
        if (!bTestOpen)
        {
            CPLError(
                CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                "%s does not conform to Oracle OCI driver naming convention,"
                " OCI:*\n",
                pszNewName);
        }
        return FALSE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Try to parse out name, password and database name.              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    char *pszUserid;
    const char *pszPassword = "";
    const char *pszDatabase = "";
    char **papszTableList = nullptr;
    const char *pszWorkspace = "";

    int i;

    if (pszNewName[4] == '\0')
    {
        pszUserid =
            CPLStrdup(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOpenOptionsIn, "USER", ""));
        pszPassword = CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOpenOptionsIn, "PASSWORD", "");
        pszDatabase = CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOpenOptionsIn, "DBNAME", "");
        const char *pszTables = CSLFetchNameValue(papszOpenOptionsIn, "TABLES");
        if (pszTables)
            papszTableList =
                CSLTokenizeStringComplex(pszTables, ",", TRUE, FALSE);
        pszWorkspace =
            CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOpenOptionsIn, "WORKSPACE", "");
    }
    else
    {
        pszUserid = CPLStrdup(pszNewName + 4);

        // Is there a table list?
        for (i = static_cast<int>(strlen(pszUserid)) - 1; i > 1; i--)
        {
            if (pszUserid[i] == ':')
            {
                papszTableList = CSLTokenizeStringComplex(pszUserid + i + 1,
                                                          ",", TRUE, FALSE);
                pszUserid[i] = '\0';
                break;
            }

            if (pszUserid[i] == '/' || pszUserid[i] == '@')
                break;
        }

        for (i = 0;
             pszUserid[i] != '\0' && pszUserid[i] != '/' && pszUserid[i] != '@';
             i++)
        {
        }

        if (pszUserid[i] == '/')
        {
            pszUserid[i++] = '\0';
            pszPassword = pszUserid + i;
            for (; pszUserid[i] != '\0' && pszUserid[i] != '@'; i++)
            {
            }
        }

        if (pszUserid[i] == '@')
        {
            pszUserid[i++] = '\0';
            pszDatabase = pszUserid + i;
        }
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Try to establish connection.                                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

    poSession = OGRGetOCISession(pszUserid, pszPassword, pszDatabase);

    if (poSession == nullptr)
    {
        CPLFree(pszUserid);
        CSLDestroy(papszTableList);
        return FALSE;
    }

    if (!EQUAL(pszWorkspace, ""))
    {
        OGROCIStringBuf oValidateCmd;
        OGROCIStatement oValidateStmt(GetSession());

        oValidateCmd.Append("call DBMS_WM.GotoWorkspace('");
        oValidateCmd.Append(pszWorkspace);
        oValidateCmd.Append("')");

        oValidateStmt.Execute(oValidateCmd.GetString());
    }

    pszName = CPLStrdup(pszNewName);

    bDSUpdate = bUpdate;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If no list of target tables was provided, collect a list of     */
    /*      spatial tables now.                                             */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (papszTableList == nullptr)
    {
        OGROCIStatement oGetTables(poSession);

        if (oGetTables.Execute(
                "SELECT TABLE_NAME, OWNER FROM ALL_SDO_GEOM_METADATA") ==
            CE_None)
        {
            char **papszRow;

            while ((papszRow = oGetTables.SimpleFetchRow()) != nullptr)
            {
                char szFullTableName[100];

                if (EQUAL(papszRow[1], pszUserid))
                    strcpy(szFullTableName, papszRow[0]);
                else
                    snprintf(szFullTableName, sizeof(szFullTableName), "%s.%s",
                             papszRow[1], papszRow[0]);

                if (CSLFindString(papszTableList, szFullTableName) == -1)
                    papszTableList =
                        CSLAddString(papszTableList, szFullTableName);
            }
        }
    }
    CPLFree(pszUserid);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Open all the selected tables or views.                          */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for (i = 0; papszTableList != nullptr && papszTableList[i] != nullptr; i++)
    {
        OpenTable(papszTableList[i], -1, bUpdate, FALSE, papszOpenOptionsIn);
    }

    CSLDestroy(papszTableList);

    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             OpenTable()                              */
/************************************************************************/

int OGROCIDataSource::OpenTable(const char *pszNewName, int nSRID, int bUpdate,
                                CPL_UNUSED int bTestOpen,
                                char **papszOpenOptionsIn)

{
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Create the layer object.                                        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGROCITableLayer *poLayer;

    poLayer = new OGROCITableLayer(this, pszNewName, wkbUnknown, nSRID, bUpdate,
                                   FALSE);

    if (!poLayer->IsValid())
    {
        delete poLayer;
        return FALSE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Add layer to data source layer list.                            */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    papoLayers = (OGROCILayer **)CPLRealloc(papoLayers, sizeof(OGROCILayer *) *
                                                            (nLayers + 1));
    papoLayers[nLayers++] = poLayer;

    poLayer->SetOptions(papszOpenOptionsIn);

    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           ValidateLayer()                            */
/************************************************************************/

void OGROCIDataSource::ValidateLayer(const char *pszLayerName)

{
    int iLayer;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Try to find layer.                                              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for (iLayer = 0; iLayer < nLayers; iLayer++)
    {
        if (EQUAL(pszLayerName, papoLayers[iLayer]->GetLayerDefn()->GetName()))
            break;
    }

    if (iLayer == nLayers)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "ValidateLayer(): %s is not a recognised layer.",
                 pszLayerName);
        return;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Verify we have an FID and geometry column for this table.       */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGROCITableLayer *poLayer = (OGROCITableLayer *)papoLayers[iLayer];

    if (strlen(poLayer->GetFIDColumn()) == 0)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "ValidateLayer(): %s lacks a fid column.", pszLayerName);

        return;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Prepare and execute the geometry validation.                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

    if (strlen(poLayer->GetGeometryColumn()) != 0)
    {
        OGROCIStringBuf oValidateCmd;
        OGROCIStatement oValidateStmt(GetSession());

        oValidateCmd.Append("SELECT c.");
        oValidateCmd.Append(poLayer->GetFIDColumn());
        oValidateCmd.Append(", SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_GEOMETRY(c.");
        oValidateCmd.Append(poLayer->GetGeometryColumn());
        oValidateCmd.Append(", m.diminfo) from ");
        oValidateCmd.Append(poLayer->GetLayerDefn()->GetName());
        oValidateCmd.Append(
            " c, user_sdo_geom_metadata m WHERE m.table_name= '");
        oValidateCmd.Append(poLayer->GetLayerDefn()->GetName());
        oValidateCmd.Append("' AND m.column_name = '");
        oValidateCmd.Append(poLayer->GetGeometryColumn());
        oValidateCmd.Append("' AND SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_GEOMETRY(c.");
        oValidateCmd.Append(poLayer->GetGeometryColumn());
        oValidateCmd.Append(", m.diminfo ) <> 'TRUE'");

        oValidateStmt.Execute(oValidateCmd.GetString());

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Report results to debug stream. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        char **papszRow;

        while ((papszRow = oValidateStmt.SimpleFetchRow()) != nullptr)
        {
            const char *pszReason = papszRow[1];

            if (EQUAL(pszReason, "13011"))
                pszReason = "13011: value is out of range";
            else if (EQUAL(pszReason, "13050"))
                pszReason = "13050: unable to construct spatial object";
            else if (EQUAL(pszReason, "13349"))
                pszReason = "13349: polygon boundary crosses itself";

            CPLDebug("OCI", "Validation failure for FID=%s: %s", papszRow[0],
                     pszReason);
        }
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           DeleteLayer(int)                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGROCIDataSource::DeleteLayer(int iLayer)

{
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Blow away our OGR structures related to the layer.  This is     */
    /*      pretty dangerous if anything has a reference to this layer!     */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    CPLString osLayerName = papoLayers[iLayer]->GetLayerDefn()->GetName();

    CPLDebug("OCI", "DeleteLayer(%s)", osLayerName.c_str());

    delete papoLayers[iLayer];
    memmove(papoLayers + iLayer, papoLayers + iLayer + 1,
            sizeof(void *) * (nLayers - iLayer - 1));
    nLayers--;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Remove from the database.                                       */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGROCIStatement oCommand(poSession);
    CPLString osCommand;
    int nFailures = 0;

    osCommand.Printf("DROP TABLE \"%s\"", osLayerName.c_str());
    if (oCommand.Execute(osCommand) != CE_None)
        nFailures++;

    osCommand.Printf(
        "DELETE FROM USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA WHERE TABLE_NAME = UPPER('%s')",
        osLayerName.c_str());

    if (oCommand.Execute(osCommand) != CE_None)
        nFailures++;

    if (nFailures == 0)
        return OGRERR_NONE;
    else
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      DeleteLayer(const char *)                       */
/************************************************************************/

void OGROCIDataSource::DeleteLayer(const char *pszLayerName)

{
    int iLayer;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Try to find layer.                                              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for (iLayer = 0; iLayer < nLayers; iLayer++)
    {
        if (EQUAL(pszLayerName, papoLayers[iLayer]->GetLayerDefn()->GetName()))
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (iLayer == nLayers)
    {
        CPLDebug("OCI",
                 "DeleteLayer: %s not found in layer list."
                 "  Layer *not* deleted.",
                 pszLayerName);
        return;
    }

    DeleteLayer(iLayer);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           TruncateLayer()                            */
/************************************************************************/

void OGROCIDataSource::TruncateLayer(const char *pszLayerName)

{

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Set OGR Debug statement explaining what is happening            */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    CPLDebug("OCI", "Truncate TABLE %s", pszLayerName);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Truncate the layer in the database.                             */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGROCIStatement oCommand(poSession);
    CPLString osCommand;

    osCommand.Printf("TRUNCATE TABLE \"%s\"", pszLayerName);
    oCommand.Execute(osCommand);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           ICreateLayer()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer *OGROCIDataSource::ICreateLayer(const char *pszLayerName,
                                         OGRSpatialReference *poSRS,
                                         OGRwkbGeometryType eType,
                                         char **papszOptions)

{
    char *pszSafeLayerName = CPLStrdup(pszLayerName);

    poSession->CleanName(pszSafeLayerName);
    CPLDebug("OCI", "In Create Layer ...");

    bNoLogging = CPLFetchBool(papszOptions, "NO_LOGGING", false);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get the default string size                                     */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

    int nDefaultStringSize = DEFAULT_STRING_SIZE;

    if (CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "DEFAULT_STRING_SIZE") != nullptr)
    {
        nDefaultStringSize =
            atoi(CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "DEFAULT_STRING_SIZE"));
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Do we already have this layer?  If so, should we blow it        */
    /*      away?                                                           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int iLayer;
    bool bIsNewLayer = TRUE;

    if (CPLFetchBool(papszOptions, "TRUNCATE", false))
    {
        CPLDebug("OCI", "Calling TruncateLayer for %s", pszLayerName);
        TruncateLayer(pszSafeLayerName);
        bIsNewLayer = false;  // Oracle table already exists
    }
    else
    {
        for (iLayer = 0; iLayer < nLayers; iLayer++)
        {
            if (EQUAL(pszSafeLayerName,
                      papoLayers[iLayer]->GetLayerDefn()->GetName()))
            {
                if (CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "OVERWRITE") != nullptr &&
                    !EQUAL(CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "OVERWRITE"), "NO"))
                {
                    DeleteLayer(pszSafeLayerName);
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                             "Layer %s already exists, CreateLayer failed.\n"
                             "Use the layer creation option OVERWRITE=YES to "
                             "replace it.",
                             pszSafeLayerName);
                    CPLFree(pszSafeLayerName);
                    return nullptr;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Try to get the SRS Id of this spatial reference system,         */
    /*      adding tot the srs table if needed.                             */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    char szSRSId[100];

    const char *pszSRID = CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "SRID");
    if (pszSRID != nullptr)
        snprintf(szSRSId, sizeof(szSRSId), "%s", pszSRID);
    else if (poSRS != nullptr)
        snprintf(szSRSId, sizeof(szSRSId), "%d", FetchSRSId(poSRS));
    else
        strcpy(szSRSId, "NULL");

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Determine name of geometry column to use.                       */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    const char *pszGeometryName =
        CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "GEOMETRY_NAME");
    if (pszGeometryName == nullptr)
        pszGeometryName = "ORA_GEOMETRY";
    const bool bGeomNullable =
        CPLFetchBool(papszOptions, "GEOMETRY_NULLABLE", true);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Create a basic table with the FID.  Also include the            */
    /*      geometry if this is not a PostGIS enabled table.                */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    const char *pszExpectedFIDName = CPLGetConfigOption("OCI_FID", "OGR_FID");

    OGROCIStatement oStatement(poSession);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If geometry type is wkbNone, do not create a geometry column.   */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

    CPLString osCommand;
    if (CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "TRUNCATE") == nullptr)
    {
        if (eType == wkbNone)
        {
            osCommand.Printf("CREATE TABLE \"%s\" ( "
                             "%s INTEGER PRIMARY KEY)",
                             pszSafeLayerName, pszExpectedFIDName);
        }
        else
        {
            osCommand.Printf("CREATE TABLE \"%s\" ( "
                             "%s INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, "
                             "%s %s%s )",
                             pszSafeLayerName, pszExpectedFIDName,
                             pszGeometryName, SDO_GEOMETRY,
                             (!bGeomNullable) ? " NOT NULL" : "");
        }

        if (bNoLogging)
        {
            osCommand += CPLSPrintf(" NOLOGGING "
                                    "VARRAY %s.SDO_ELEM_INFO STORE AS "
                                    "SECUREFILE LOB (NOCACHE NOLOGGING) "
                                    "VARRAY %s.SDO_ORDINATES STORE AS "
                                    "SECUREFILE LOB (NOCACHE NOLOGGING) ",
                                    pszGeometryName, pszGeometryName);
        }

        if (oStatement.Execute(osCommand) != CE_None)
        {
            CPLFree(pszSafeLayerName);
            return nullptr;
        }
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Create the layer object.                                        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    const char *pszLoaderFile = CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "LOADER_FILE");
    OGROCIWritableLayer *poLayer;

    if (pszLoaderFile == nullptr)
        poLayer = new OGROCITableLayer(
            this, pszSafeLayerName, eType,
            EQUAL(szSRSId, "NULL") ? -1 : atoi(szSRSId), TRUE, bIsNewLayer);
    else
        poLayer = new OGROCILoaderLayer(
            this, pszSafeLayerName, pszGeometryName,
            EQUAL(szSRSId, "NULL") ? -1 : atoi(szSRSId), pszLoaderFile);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Set various options on the layer.                               */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    poLayer->SetLaunderFlag(CPLFetchBool(papszOptions, "LAUNDER", false));
    poLayer->SetPrecisionFlag(CPLFetchBool(papszOptions, "PRECISION", true));
    poLayer->SetDefaultStringSize(nDefaultStringSize);

    const char *pszDIM = CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "DIM");
    if (pszDIM != nullptr)
        poLayer->SetDimension(atoi(pszDIM));
    else if (eType != wkbNone)
        poLayer->SetDimension((wkbFlatten(eType) == eType) ? 2 : 3);

    poLayer->SetOptions(papszOptions);
    if (eType != wkbNone && !bGeomNullable)
        poLayer->GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldDefn(0)->SetNullable(FALSE);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Add layer to data source layer list.                            */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    papoLayers = (OGROCILayer **)CPLRealloc(papoLayers, sizeof(OGROCILayer *) *
                                                            (nLayers + 1));

    papoLayers[nLayers++] = poLayer;

    CPLFree(pszSafeLayerName);

    return poLayer;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           TestCapability()                           */
/************************************************************************/

int OGROCIDataSource::TestCapability(const char *pszCap)

{
    if (EQUAL(pszCap, ODsCCreateLayer) && bDSUpdate)
        return TRUE;
    else if (EQUAL(pszCap, ODsCDeleteLayer) && bDSUpdate)
        return TRUE;
    else if (EQUAL(pszCap, ODsCRandomLayerWrite))
        return bDSUpdate;
    else if (EQUAL(pszCap, ODsCZGeometries))
        return TRUE;
    else
        return FALSE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              GetLayer()                              */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer *OGROCIDataSource::GetLayer(int iLayer)

{
    if (iLayer < 0 || iLayer >= nLayers)
        return nullptr;
    else
        return papoLayers[iLayer];
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             ExecuteSQL()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer *OGROCIDataSource::ExecuteSQL(const char *pszSQLCommand,
                                       OGRGeometry *poSpatialFilter,
                                       const char *pszDialect)

{
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Use generic implementation for recognized dialects              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (IsGenericSQLDialect(pszDialect))
        return OGRDataSource::ExecuteSQL(pszSQLCommand, poSpatialFilter,
                                         pszDialect);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Ensure any pending stuff is flushed to the database.            */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    FlushCache();

    CPLDebug("OCI", "ExecuteSQL(%s)", pszSQLCommand);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Special case DELLAYER: command.                                 */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszSQLCommand, "DELLAYER:"))
    {
        const char *pszLayerName = pszSQLCommand + 9;

        while (*pszLayerName == ' ')
            pszLayerName++;

        DeleteLayer(pszLayerName);
        return nullptr;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Special case VALLAYER: command.                                 */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszSQLCommand, "VALLAYER:"))
    {
        const char *pszLayerName = pszSQLCommand + 9;

        while (*pszLayerName == ' ')
            pszLayerName++;

        ValidateLayer(pszLayerName);
        return nullptr;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Just execute simple command.                                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (!STARTS_WITH_CI(pszSQLCommand, "SELECT"))
    {
        OGROCIStatement oCommand(poSession);

        oCommand.Execute(pszSQLCommand, OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS);

        return nullptr;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Otherwise instantiate a layer.                                  */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    else
    {
        OGROCIStatement oCommand(poSession);

        if (oCommand.Execute(pszSQLCommand, OCI_DESCRIBE_ONLY) == CE_None)
            return new OGROCISelectLayer(this, pszSQLCommand, &oCommand);
        else
            return nullptr;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          ReleaseResultSet()                          */
/************************************************************************/

void OGROCIDataSource::ReleaseResultSet(OGRLayer *poLayer)

{
    delete poLayer;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              FetchSRS()                              */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Return a SRS corresponding to a particular id.  Note that       */
/*      reference counting should be honoured on the returned           */
/*      OGRSpatialReference, as handles may be cached.                  */
/************************************************************************/

OGRSpatialReference *OGROCIDataSource::FetchSRS(int nId)

{
    if (nId < 0)
        return nullptr;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      First, we look through our SRID cache, is it there?             */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < nKnownSRID; i++)
    {
        if (panSRID[i] == nId)
            return papoSRS[i];
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Try looking up in MDSYS.CS_SRS table.                           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGROCIStatement oStatement(GetSession());
    char szSelect[200], **papszResult;

    snprintf(szSelect, sizeof(szSelect),
             "SELECT WKTEXT, AUTH_SRID, AUTH_NAME FROM MDSYS.CS_SRS "
             "WHERE SRID = %d AND WKTEXT IS NOT NULL",
             nId);

    if (oStatement.Execute(szSelect) != CE_None)
        return nullptr;

    papszResult = oStatement.SimpleFetchRow();
    if (CSLCount(papszResult) < 1)
        return nullptr;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Turn into a spatial reference.                                  */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGRSpatialReference *poSRS = new OGRSpatialReference();
    poSRS->SetAxisMappingStrategy(OAMS_TRADITIONAL_GIS_ORDER);
    if (poSRS->importFromWkt(papszResult[0]) != OGRERR_NONE)
    {
        delete poSRS;
        return nullptr;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If the WKTEXT definition is equivalent to the EPSG SRS of code  */
    /*      nId, return that EPSG SRS.                                      */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    constexpr int LARGEST_EPSG_CRS_CODE = 32767;
    if (nId < LARGEST_EPSG_CRS_CODE && papszResult[1] != nullptr &&
        atoi(papszResult[1]) == nId)
    {
        CPLErrorHandlerPusher oErrorHandler(CPLQuietErrorHandler);
        CPLErrorStateBackuper oErrorStateBackuper;
        OGRSpatialReference oSRS_EPSG;
        oSRS_EPSG.SetAxisMappingStrategy(OAMS_TRADITIONAL_GIS_ORDER);
        const char *const apszOptions[] = {
            "IGNORE_DATA_AXIS_TO_SRS_AXIS_MAPPING=YES", nullptr};
        if (oSRS_EPSG.importFromEPSG(nId) == OGRERR_NONE &&
            oSRS_EPSG.IsSame(poSRS, apszOptions))
        {
            *poSRS = oSRS_EPSG;
            return poSRS;
        }
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If we have a corresponding EPSG code for this SRID, use that    */
    /*      authority.                                                      */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int bGotEPSGMapping = FALSE;
    for (i = 0; anEPSGOracleMapping[i] != 0; i += 2)
    {
        if (anEPSGOracleMapping[i] == nId)
        {
            poSRS->SetAuthority(poSRS->GetRoot()->GetValue(), "EPSG",
                                anEPSGOracleMapping[i + 1]);
            bGotEPSGMapping = TRUE;
            break;
        }
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Insert authority information, if it is available.               */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (papszResult[1] != nullptr && atoi(papszResult[1]) != 0 &&
        papszResult[2] != nullptr && strlen(papszResult[1]) != 0 &&
        poSRS->GetRoot() != nullptr && !bGotEPSGMapping)
    {
        poSRS->SetAuthority(poSRS->GetRoot()->GetValue(), papszResult[2],
                            atoi(papszResult[1]));
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Add to the cache.                                               */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    panSRID = (int *)CPLRealloc(panSRID, sizeof(int) * (nKnownSRID + 1));
    papoSRS = (OGRSpatialReference **)CPLRealloc(papoSRS, sizeof(void *) *
                                                              (nKnownSRID + 1));
    panSRID[nKnownSRID] = nId;
    papoSRS[nKnownSRID] = poSRS;

    nKnownSRID++;

    return poSRS;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             FetchSRSId()                             */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Fetch the id corresponding to an SRS, and if not found, add     */
/*      it to the table.                                                */
/************************************************************************/

int OGROCIDataSource::FetchSRSId(OGRSpatialReference *poSRS)

{
    char *pszWKT = nullptr;
    int nSRSId;

    if (poSRS == nullptr)
        return -1;

    if (!poSRS->IsProjected() && !poSRS->IsGeographic())
        return -1;

    /* ==================================================================== */
    /*      The first strategy is to see if we can identify it by           */
    /*      authority information within the SRS.                           */
    /* ==================================================================== */
    const char *pszAuthName = nullptr, *pszAuthCode = nullptr;

    if (poSRS->IsGeographic() || poSRS->IsProjected())
    {
        pszAuthName = poSRS->GetAuthorityName(nullptr);
        pszAuthCode = poSRS->GetAuthorityCode(nullptr);
    }

    OGROCIStatement oCmdStatement(GetSession());

    if (pszAuthName != nullptr && pszAuthCode != nullptr)
    {
        // If the authority is Oracle, use the code as the SRID
        if (EQUAL(pszAuthName, "Oracle") && atoi(pszAuthCode) != 0)
            return atoi(pszAuthCode);

        // If the authority is EPSG, try to retrieve the record of CS_SRS
        // whose SRID is the EPSG code. And if the WKT definition from the
        // CS_SRS record is equivalent to the one of poSRS, use the EPSG code
        // as the SRID. This works for a number of EPSG CRS (4326, 3857, etc.)
        if (EQUAL(pszAuthName, "EPSG"))
        {
            const int nEPSGCode = atoi(pszAuthCode);
            char szSelect[100];
            snprintf(szSelect, sizeof(szSelect),
                     "SELECT WKTEXT FROM MDSYS.CS_SRS WHERE SRID = %d "
                     "AND WKTEXT IS NOT NULL AND SRID = AUTH_SRID",
                     nEPSGCode);
            if (oCmdStatement.Execute(szSelect) == CE_None)
            {
                CSLConstList papszResult = oCmdStatement.SimpleFetchRow();
                if (papszResult != nullptr && papszResult[0] != nullptr &&
                    papszResult[1] == nullptr)
                {
                    OGRSpatialReference oSRS;
                    const char *const apszOptions[] = {
                        "IGNORE_DATA_AXIS_TO_SRS_AXIS_MAPPING=YES", nullptr};
                    if (oSRS.importFromWkt(papszResult[0]) == OGRERR_NONE &&
                        oSRS.IsSame(poSRS, apszOptions))
                    {
                        return nEPSGCode;
                    }
                }
            }

            // Otherwise try to fallback to a hard-coded table that maps
            // EPSG code to Oracle SRID. This is probably somewhat be legacy.
            for (int i = 0; anEPSGOracleMapping[i] != 0; i += 2)
            {
                if (nEPSGCode == anEPSGOracleMapping[i + 1])
                    return anEPSGOracleMapping[i];
            }
        }
    }

    /* ==================================================================== */
    /*      We need to lookup the SRS in the existing Oracle CS_SRS         */
    /*      table.                                                          */
    /* ==================================================================== */

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Convert SRS into old style format (SF-SQL 1.0).                 */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGRSpatialReference *poSRS2 = poSRS->Clone();

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Convert any degree type unit names to "Decimal Degree".         */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    double dfAngularUnits = poSRS2->GetAngularUnits(nullptr);
    if (fabs(dfAngularUnits - 0.0174532925199433) < 0.0000000000000010)
        poSRS2->SetAngularUnits("Decimal Degree", 0.0174532925199433);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Translate SRS to WKT.                                           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    const char *const apszOptions[] = {"FORMAT=SFSQL", nullptr};
    if (poSRS2->exportToWkt(&pszWKT, apszOptions) != OGRERR_NONE)
    {
        delete poSRS2;
        CPLFree(pszWKT);
        return -1;
    }

    delete poSRS2;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Try to find in the existing table.                              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGROCIStringBuf oCmdText;
    char **papszResult = nullptr;

    oCmdText.Append("SELECT SRID FROM MDSYS.CS_SRS WHERE WKTEXT = '");
    oCmdText.Append(pszWKT);
    oCmdText.Append("'");

    if (oCmdStatement.Execute(oCmdText.GetString()) == CE_None)
        papszResult = oCmdStatement.SimpleFetchRow();

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      We got it!  Return it.                                          */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (papszResult != nullptr && papszResult[0] != nullptr &&
        papszResult[1] == nullptr)
    {
        CPLFree(pszWKT);
        return atoi(papszResult[0]);
    }

    /* ==================================================================== */
    /*      We didn't find it, so we need to define it as a new SRID at     */
    /*      the end of the list of known values.                            */
    /* ==================================================================== */

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get the current maximum srid in the srs table.                  */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (oCmdStatement.Execute("SELECT MAX(SRID) FROM MDSYS.CS_SRS") == CE_None)
        papszResult = oCmdStatement.SimpleFetchRow();
    else
        papszResult = nullptr;

    if (papszResult != nullptr && papszResult[0] != nullptr &&
        papszResult[1] == nullptr)
        nSRSId = atoi(papszResult[0]) + 1;
    else
        nSRSId = 1;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Try adding the SRS to the SRS table.                            */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    oCmdText.Clear();
    oCmdText.Append("INSERT INTO MDSYS.CS_SRS (SRID, WKTEXT, CS_NAME) ");
    oCmdText.Appendf(100, " VALUES (%d,'", nSRSId);
    oCmdText.Append(pszWKT);
    oCmdText.Append("', '");
    oCmdText.Append(poSRS->GetName());
    oCmdText.Append("' )");

    CPLFree(pszWKT);

    if (oCmdStatement.Execute(oCmdText.GetString()) != CE_None)
        return -1;
    else
        return nSRSId;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           GetLayerByName()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer *OGROCIDataSource::GetLayerByName(const char *pszNameIn)

{
    OGROCILayer *poLayer = nullptr;
    int i, count;

    if (!pszNameIn)
        return nullptr;

    count = GetLayerCount();

    /* first a case sensitive check */
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
    {
        poLayer = papoLayers[i];

        if (strcmp(pszNameIn, poLayer->GetName()) == 0)
        {
            return poLayer;
        }
    }

    char *pszSafeLayerName = CPLStrdup(pszNameIn);
    poSession->CleanName(pszSafeLayerName);

    /* then case insensitive and laundered */
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
    {
        poLayer = papoLayers[i];

        if (EQUAL(pszSafeLayerName, poLayer->GetName()))
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    CPLFree(pszSafeLayerName);

    return i < count ? poLayer : nullptr;
}
