sqlglot.dialects.postgres API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.postgres

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    DATE_ADD_OR_SUB,
      8    Dialect,
      9    JSON_EXTRACT_TYPE,
     10    any_value_to_max_sql,
     11    binary_from_function,
     12    bool_xor_sql,
     13    datestrtodate_sql,
     14    build_formatted_time,
     15    filter_array_using_unnest,
     16    inline_array_sql,
     17    json_extract_segments,
     18    json_path_key_only_name,
     19    max_or_greatest,
     20    merge_without_target_sql,
     21    min_or_least,
     22    no_last_day_sql,
     23    no_map_from_entries_sql,
     24    no_paren_current_date_sql,
     25    no_pivot_sql,
     26    no_trycast_sql,
     27    build_json_extract_path,
     28    build_timestamp_trunc,
     29    rename_func,
     30    sha256_sql,
     31    struct_extract_sql,
     32    timestamptrunc_sql,
     33    timestrtotime_sql,
     34    trim_sql,
     35    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
     36    strposition_sql,
     37    count_if_to_sum,
     38    groupconcat_sql,
     39    Version,
     40)
     41from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
     42from sqlglot.helper import is_int, seq_get
     43from sqlglot.parser import binary_range_parser
     44from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     45
     46if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     47    from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import DialectType
     48
     49
     50DATE_DIFF_FACTOR = {
     51    "MICROSECOND": " * 1000000",
     52    "MILLISECOND": " * 1000",
     53    "SECOND": "",
     54    "MINUTE": " / 60",
     55    "HOUR": " / 3600",
     56    "DAY": " / 86400",
     57}
     58
     59
     60def _date_add_sql(kind: str) -> t.Callable[[Postgres.Generator, DATE_ADD_OR_SUB], str]:
     61    def func(self: Postgres.Generator, expression: DATE_ADD_OR_SUB) -> str:
     62        if isinstance(expression, exp.TsOrDsAdd):
     63            expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
     64
     65        this = self.sql(expression, "this")
     66        unit = expression.args.get("unit")
     67
     68        e = self._simplify_unless_literal(expression.expression)
     69        if isinstance(e, exp.Literal):
     70            e.args["is_string"] = True
     71        elif e.is_number:
     72            e = exp.Literal.string(e.to_py())
     73        else:
     74            self.unsupported("Cannot add non literal")
     75
     76        return f"{this} {kind} {self.sql(exp.Interval(this=e, unit=unit))}"
     77
     78    return func
     79
     80
     81def _date_diff_sql(self: Postgres.Generator, expression: exp.DateDiff) -> str:
     82    unit = expression.text("unit").upper()
     83    factor = DATE_DIFF_FACTOR.get(unit)
     84
     85    end = f"CAST({self.sql(expression, 'this')} AS TIMESTAMP)"
     86    start = f"CAST({self.sql(expression, 'expression')} AS TIMESTAMP)"
     87
     88    if factor is not None:
     89        return f"CAST(EXTRACT(epoch FROM {end} - {start}){factor} AS BIGINT)"
     90
     91    age = f"AGE({end}, {start})"
     92
     93    if unit == "WEEK":
     94        unit = f"EXTRACT(days FROM ({end} - {start})) / 7"
     95    elif unit == "MONTH":
     96        unit = f"EXTRACT(year FROM {age}) * 12 + EXTRACT(month FROM {age})"
     97    elif unit == "QUARTER":
     98        unit = f"EXTRACT(year FROM {age}) * 4 + EXTRACT(month FROM {age}) / 3"
     99    elif unit == "YEAR":
    100        unit = f"EXTRACT(year FROM {age})"
    101    else:
    102        unit = age
    103
    104    return f"CAST({unit} AS BIGINT)"
    105
    106
    107def _substring_sql(self: Postgres.Generator, expression: exp.Substring) -> str:
    108    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    109    start = self.sql(expression, "start")
    110    length = self.sql(expression, "length")
    111
    112    from_part = f" FROM {start}" if start else ""
    113    for_part = f" FOR {length}" if length else ""
    114
    115    return f"SUBSTRING({this}{from_part}{for_part})"
    116
    117
    118def _auto_increment_to_serial(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    119    auto = expression.find(exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint)
    120
    121    if auto:
    122        expression.args["constraints"].remove(auto.parent)
    123        kind = expression.args["kind"]
    124
    125        if kind.this == exp.DataType.Type.INT:
    126            kind.replace(exp.DataType(this=exp.DataType.Type.SERIAL))
    127        elif kind.this == exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT:
    128            kind.replace(exp.DataType(this=exp.DataType.Type.SMALLSERIAL))
    129        elif kind.this == exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT:
    130            kind.replace(exp.DataType(this=exp.DataType.Type.BIGSERIAL))
    131
    132    return expression
    133
    134
    135def _serial_to_generated(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    136    if not isinstance(expression, exp.ColumnDef):
    137        return expression
    138    kind = expression.kind
    139    if not kind:
    140        return expression
    141
    142    if kind.this == exp.DataType.Type.SERIAL:
    143        data_type = exp.DataType(this=exp.DataType.Type.INT)
    144    elif kind.this == exp.DataType.Type.SMALLSERIAL:
    145        data_type = exp.DataType(this=exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT)
    146    elif kind.this == exp.DataType.Type.BIGSERIAL:
    147        data_type = exp.DataType(this=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
    148    else:
    149        data_type = None
    150
    151    if data_type:
    152        expression.args["kind"].replace(data_type)
    153        constraints = expression.args["constraints"]
    154        generated = exp.ColumnConstraint(kind=exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint(this=False))
    155        notnull = exp.ColumnConstraint(kind=exp.NotNullColumnConstraint())
    156
    157        if notnull not in constraints:
    158            constraints.insert(0, notnull)
    159        if generated not in constraints:
    160            constraints.insert(0, generated)
    161
    162    return expression
    163
    164
    165def _build_generate_series(args: t.List) -> exp.ExplodingGenerateSeries:
    166    # The goal is to convert step values like '1 day' or INTERVAL '1 day' into INTERVAL '1' day
    167    # Note: postgres allows calls with just two arguments -- the "step" argument defaults to 1
    168    step = seq_get(args, 2)
    169    if step is not None:
    170        if step.is_string:
    171            args[2] = exp.to_interval(step.this)
    172        elif isinstance(step, exp.Interval) and not step.args.get("unit"):
    173            args[2] = exp.to_interval(step.this.this)
    174
    175    return exp.ExplodingGenerateSeries.from_arg_list(args)
    176
    177
    178def _build_to_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.UnixToTime | exp.StrToTime:
    179    # TO_TIMESTAMP accepts either a single double argument or (text, text)
    180    if len(args) == 1:
    181        # https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-datetime.html#FUNCTIONS-DATETIME-TABLE
    182        return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
    183
    184    # https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-formatting.html
    185    return build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "postgres")(args)
    186
    187
    188def _json_extract_sql(
    189    name: str, op: str
    190) -> t.Callable[[Postgres.Generator, JSON_EXTRACT_TYPE], str]:
    191    def _generate(self: Postgres.Generator, expression: JSON_EXTRACT_TYPE) -> str:
    192        if expression.args.get("only_json_types"):
    193            return json_extract_segments(name, quoted_index=False, op=op)(self, expression)
    194        return json_extract_segments(name)(self, expression)
    195
    196    return _generate
    197
    198
    199def _build_regexp_replace(args: t.List, dialect: DialectType = None) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
    200    # The signature of REGEXP_REPLACE is:
    201    # regexp_replace(source, pattern, replacement [, start [, N ]] [, flags ])
    202    #
    203    # Any one of `start`, `N` and `flags` can be column references, meaning that
    204    # unless we can statically see that the last argument is a non-integer string
    205    # (eg. not '0'), then it's not possible to construct the correct AST
    206    if len(args) > 3:
    207        last = args[-1]
    208        if not is_int(last.name):
    209            if not last.type or last.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN, exp.DataType.Type.NULL):
    210                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    211
    212                last = annotate_types(last, dialect=dialect)
    213
    214            if last.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    215                regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args[:-1])
    216                regexp_replace.set("modifiers", last)
    217                return regexp_replace
    218
    219    return exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
    220
    221
    222def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Postgres.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    223    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    224    timestamp = expression.this
    225
    226    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    227        return self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", timestamp, self.format_time(expression))
    228
    229    return self.func(
    230        "TO_TIMESTAMP",
    231        exp.Div(this=timestamp, expression=exp.func("POW", 10, scale)),
    232        self.format_time(expression),
    233    )
    234
    235
    236def _build_levenshtein_less_equal(args: t.List) -> exp.Levenshtein:
    237    # Postgres has two signatures for levenshtein_less_equal function, but in both cases
    238    # max_dist is the last argument
    239    # levenshtein_less_equal(source, target, ins_cost, del_cost, sub_cost, max_d)
    240    # levenshtein_less_equal(source, target, max_d)
    241    max_dist = args.pop()
    242
    243    return exp.Levenshtein(
    244        this=seq_get(args, 0),
    245        expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    246        ins_cost=seq_get(args, 2),
    247        del_cost=seq_get(args, 3),
    248        sub_cost=seq_get(args, 4),
    249        max_dist=max_dist,
    250    )
    251
    252
    253def _levenshtein_sql(self: Postgres.Generator, expression: exp.Levenshtein) -> str:
    254    name = "LEVENSHTEIN_LESS_EQUAL" if expression.args.get("max_dist") else "LEVENSHTEIN"
    255
    256    return rename_func(name)(self, expression)
    257
    258
    259def _versioned_anyvalue_sql(self: Postgres.Generator, expression: exp.AnyValue) -> str:
    260    # https://www.postgresql.org/docs/16/functions-aggregate.html
    261    # https://www.postgresql.org/about/featurematrix/
    262    if self.dialect.version < Version("16.0"):
    263        return any_value_to_max_sql(self, expression)
    264
    265    return rename_func("ANY_VALUE")(self, expression)
    266
    267
    268class Postgres(Dialect):
    269    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    270    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    271    CONCAT_COALESCE = True
    272    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
    273    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
    274    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    275
    276    TIME_MAPPING = {
    277        "d": "%u",  # 1-based day of week
    278        "D": "%u",  # 1-based day of week
    279        "dd": "%d",  # day of month
    280        "DD": "%d",  # day of month
    281        "ddd": "%j",  # zero padded day of year
    282        "DDD": "%j",  # zero padded day of year
    283        "FMDD": "%-d",  # - is no leading zero for Python; same for FM in postgres
    284        "FMDDD": "%-j",  # day of year
    285        "FMHH12": "%-I",  # 9
    286        "FMHH24": "%-H",  # 9
    287        "FMMI": "%-M",  # Minute
    288        "FMMM": "%-m",  # 1
    289        "FMSS": "%-S",  # Second
    290        "HH12": "%I",  # 09
    291        "HH24": "%H",  # 09
    292        "mi": "%M",  # zero padded minute
    293        "MI": "%M",  # zero padded minute
    294        "mm": "%m",  # 01
    295        "MM": "%m",  # 01
    296        "OF": "%z",  # utc offset
    297        "ss": "%S",  # zero padded second
    298        "SS": "%S",  # zero padded second
    299        "TMDay": "%A",  # TM is locale dependent
    300        "TMDy": "%a",
    301        "TMMon": "%b",  # Sep
    302        "TMMonth": "%B",  # September
    303        "TZ": "%Z",  # uppercase timezone name
    304        "US": "%f",  # zero padded microsecond
    305        "ww": "%U",  # 1-based week of year
    306        "WW": "%U",  # 1-based week of year
    307        "yy": "%y",  # 15
    308        "YY": "%y",  # 15
    309        "yyyy": "%Y",  # 2015
    310        "YYYY": "%Y",  # 2015
    311    }
    312
    313    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    314        BIT_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'")]
    315        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    316        BYTE_STRINGS = [("e'", "'"), ("E'", "'")]
    317        HEREDOC_STRINGS = ["$"]
    318
    319        HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER = True
    320        HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE = TokenType.PARAMETER
    321
    322        KEYWORDS = {
    323            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    324            "~": TokenType.RLIKE,
    325            "@@": TokenType.DAT,
    326            "@>": TokenType.AT_GT,
    327            "<@": TokenType.LT_AT,
    328            "?&": TokenType.QMARK_AMP,
    329            "?|": TokenType.QMARK_PIPE,
    330            "#-": TokenType.HASH_DASH,
    331            "|/": TokenType.PIPE_SLASH,
    332            "||/": TokenType.DPIPE_SLASH,
    333            "BEGIN": TokenType.BEGIN,
    334            "BIGSERIAL": TokenType.BIGSERIAL,
    335            "CONSTRAINT TRIGGER": TokenType.COMMAND,
    336            "CSTRING": TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE,
    337            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    338            "DO": TokenType.COMMAND,
    339            "EXEC": TokenType.COMMAND,
    340            "HSTORE": TokenType.HSTORE,
    341            "INT8": TokenType.BIGINT,
    342            "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY,
    343            "NAME": TokenType.NAME,
    344            "OID": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    345            "ONLY": TokenType.ONLY,
    346            "OPERATOR": TokenType.OPERATOR,
    347            "REFRESH": TokenType.COMMAND,
    348            "REINDEX": TokenType.COMMAND,
    349            "RESET": TokenType.COMMAND,
    350            "SERIAL": TokenType.SERIAL,
    351            "SMALLSERIAL": TokenType.SMALLSERIAL,
    352            "TEMP": TokenType.TEMPORARY,
    353            "REGCLASS": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    354            "REGCOLLATION": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    355            "REGCONFIG": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    356            "REGDICTIONARY": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    357            "REGNAMESPACE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    358            "REGOPER": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    359            "REGOPERATOR": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    360            "REGPROC": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    361            "REGPROCEDURE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    362            "REGROLE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    363            "REGTYPE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    364            "FLOAT": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    365            "XML": TokenType.XML,
    366        }
    367        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    368        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    369
    370        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    371            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    372            "$": TokenType.HEREDOC_STRING,
    373        }
    374
    375        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    376
    377    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    378        SUPPORTS_OMITTED_INTERVAL_SPAN_UNIT = True
    379
    380        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    381            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    382            "SET": lambda self: self.expression(exp.SetConfigProperty, this=self._parse_set()),
    383        }
    384        PROPERTY_PARSERS.pop("INPUT")
    385
    386        PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS = {
    387            **parser.Parser.PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS,
    388            TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: lambda self: self.expression(exp.Placeholder, jdbc=True),
    389            TokenType.MOD: lambda self: self._parse_query_parameter(),
    390        }
    391
    392        FUNCTIONS = {
    393            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    394            "BIT_AND": exp.BitwiseAndAgg.from_arg_list,
    395            "BIT_OR": exp.BitwiseOrAgg.from_arg_list,
    396            "BIT_XOR": exp.BitwiseXorAgg.from_arg_list,
    397            "DATE_TRUNC": build_timestamp_trunc,
    398            "DIV": lambda args: exp.cast(
    399                binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv)(args), exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL
    400            ),
    401            "GENERATE_SERIES": _build_generate_series,
    402            "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH": build_json_extract_path(exp.JSONExtract),
    403            "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT": build_json_extract_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
    404            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), encoding=seq_get(args, 1)),
    405            "MAKE_TIME": exp.TimeFromParts.from_arg_list,
    406            "MAKE_TIMESTAMP": exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list,
    407            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    408            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
    409            "TO_CHAR": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "postgres"),
    410            "TO_DATE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "postgres"),
    411            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_to_timestamp,
    412            "UNNEST": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    413            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    414            "SHA384": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(384)),
    415            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    416            "LEVENSHTEIN_LESS_EQUAL": _build_levenshtein_less_equal,
    417            "JSON_OBJECT_AGG": lambda args: exp.JSONObjectAgg(expressions=args),
    418            "JSONB_OBJECT_AGG": exp.JSONBObjectAgg.from_arg_list,
    419        }
    420
    421        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    422            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    423            TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: exp.CurrentSchema,
    424        }
    425
    426        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    427            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    428            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
    429            "JSON_AGG": lambda self: self.expression(
    430                exp.JSONArrayAgg,
    431                this=self._parse_lambda(),
    432                order=self._parse_order(),
    433            ),
    434            "JSONB_EXISTS": lambda self: self._parse_jsonb_exists(),
    435        }
    436
    437        BITWISE = {
    438            **parser.Parser.BITWISE,
    439            TokenType.HASH: exp.BitwiseXor,
    440        }
    441
    442        EXPONENT = {
    443            TokenType.CARET: exp.Pow,
    444        }
    445
    446        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    447            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    448            TokenType.DAMP: binary_range_parser(exp.ArrayOverlaps),
    449            TokenType.DAT: lambda self, this: self.expression(
    450                exp.MatchAgainst, this=self._parse_bitwise(), expressions=[this]
    451            ),
    452            TokenType.OPERATOR: lambda self, this: self._parse_operator(this),
    453        }
    454
    455        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    456            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    457            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_commit_or_rollback(),
    458        }
    459
    460        JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE = True
    461
    462        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    463            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,
    464            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, this, path: self.validate_expression(
    465                build_json_extract_path(
    466                    exp.JSONExtract, arrow_req_json_type=self.JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
    467                )([this, path])
    468            ),
    469            TokenType.DARROW: lambda self, this, path: self.validate_expression(
    470                build_json_extract_path(
    471                    exp.JSONExtractScalar, arrow_req_json_type=self.JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
    472                )([this, path])
    473            ),
    474        }
    475
    476        def _parse_query_parameter(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    477            this = (
    478                self._parse_wrapped(self._parse_id_var)
    479                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
    480                else None
    481            )
    482            self._match_text_seq("S")
    483            return self.expression(exp.Placeholder, this=this)
    484
    485        def _parse_operator(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    486            while True:
    487                if not self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN):
    488                    break
    489
    490                op = ""
    491                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    492                    op += self._curr.text
    493                    self._advance()
    494
    495                this = self.expression(
    496                    exp.Operator,
    497                    comments=self._prev_comments,
    498                    this=this,
    499                    operator=op,
    500                    expression=self._parse_bitwise(),
    501                )
    502
    503                if not self._match(TokenType.OPERATOR):
    504                    break
    505
    506            return this
    507
    508        def _parse_date_part(self) -> exp.Expression:
    509            part = self._parse_type()
    510            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    511            value = self._parse_bitwise()
    512
    513            if part and isinstance(part, (exp.Column, exp.Literal)):
    514                part = exp.var(part.name)
    515
    516            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=part, expression=value)
    517
    518        def _parse_unique_key(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    519            return None
    520
    521        def _parse_jsonb_exists(self) -> exp.JSONBExists:
    522            return self.expression(
    523                exp.JSONBExists,
    524                this=self._parse_bitwise(),
    525                path=self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    526                and self.dialect.to_json_path(self._parse_bitwise()),
    527            )
    528
    529        def _parse_generated_as_identity(
    530            self,
    531        ) -> (
    532            exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    533            | exp.ComputedColumnConstraint
    534            | exp.GeneratedAsRowColumnConstraint
    535        ):
    536            this = super()._parse_generated_as_identity()
    537
    538            if self._match_text_seq("STORED"):
    539                this = self.expression(exp.ComputedColumnConstraint, this=this.expression)
    540
    541            return this
    542
    543        def _parse_user_defined_type(
    544            self, identifier: exp.Identifier
    545        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    546            udt_type: exp.Identifier | exp.Dot = identifier
    547
    548            while self._match(TokenType.DOT):
    549                part = self._parse_id_var()
    550                if part:
    551                    udt_type = exp.Dot(this=udt_type, expression=part)
    552
    553            return exp.DataType.build(udt_type, udt=True)
    554
    555    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    556        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    557        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    558        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
    559        JOIN_HINTS = False
    560        TABLE_HINTS = False
    561        QUERY_HINTS = False
    562        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    563        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    564        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "%"
    565        TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS = False
    566        TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD = "REPEATABLE"
    567        SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True
    568        JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION = True
    569        SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES = True
    570        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    571        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    572        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
    573        SUPPORTS_WINDOW_EXCLUDE = True
    574        COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD = False
    575        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
    576        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    577        ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED = True
    578        SUPPORTS_BETWEEN_FLAGS = True
    579
    580        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    581            exp.JSONPathKey,
    582            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    583            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    584        }
    585
    586        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    587            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    588            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "SMALLINT",
    589            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    590            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "DOUBLE PRECISION",
    591            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTEA",
    592            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTEA",
    593            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTEA",
    594            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    595            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    596            exp.DataType.Type.BLOB: "BYTEA",
    597        }
    598
    599        TRANSFORMS = {
    600            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    601            exp.AnyValue: _versioned_anyvalue_sql,
    602            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
    603            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
    604            exp.BitwiseAndAgg: rename_func("BIT_AND"),
    605            exp.BitwiseOrAgg: rename_func("BIT_OR"),
    606            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "#"),
    607            exp.BitwiseXorAgg: rename_func("BIT_XOR"),
    608            exp.ColumnDef: transforms.preprocess([_auto_increment_to_serial, _serial_to_generated]),
    609            exp.CurrentDate: no_paren_current_date_sql,
    610            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    611            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    612            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("+"),
    613            exp.DateDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    614            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    615            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("-"),
    616            exp.Explode: rename_func("UNNEST"),
    617            exp.ExplodingGenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_SERIES"),
    618            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: groupconcat_sql(
    619                self, e, func_name="STRING_AGG", within_group=False
    620            ),
    621            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    622            exp.JSONArrayAgg: lambda self, e: self.func(
    623                "JSON_AGG",
    624                self.sql(e, "this"),
    625                suffix=f"{self.sql(e, 'order')})",
    626            ),
    627            exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH", "->"),
    628            exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_extract_sql("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", "->>"),
    629            exp.JSONBExtract: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "#>"),
    630            exp.JSONBExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "#>>"),
    631            exp.JSONBContains: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "?"),
    632            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.sql(exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON)),
    633            exp.JSONPathKey: json_path_key_only_name,
    634            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
    635            exp.JSONPathSubscript: lambda self, e: self.json_path_part(e.this),
    636            exp.LastDay: no_last_day_sql,
    637            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    638            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    639            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    640            exp.MapFromEntries: no_map_from_entries_sql,
    641            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    642            exp.Merge: merge_without_target_sql,
    643            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    644            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    645                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    646            ),
    647            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    648                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    649            ),
    650            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    651            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    652            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "~"),
    653            exp.RegexpILike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "~*"),
    654            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    655                [
    656                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    657                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    658                ]
    659            ),
    660            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    661            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, func_name="POSITION"),
    662            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    663            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    664            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    665            exp.Substring: _substring_sql,
    666            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("MAKE_TIME"),
    667            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("MAKE_TIMESTAMP"),
    668            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(zone=True),
    669            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    670            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_CHAR", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    671            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    672            exp.Trim: trim_sql,
    673            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
    674            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("+"),
    675            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    676            exp.UnixToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this),
    677            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "GEN_RANDOM_UUID()",
    678            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    679                "DATE_PART", exp.Literal.string("epoch"), e.this
    680            ),
    681            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    682            exp.Variance: rename_func("VAR_SAMP"),
    683            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    684            exp.Unicode: rename_func("ASCII"),
    685            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    686            exp.Levenshtein: _levenshtein_sql,
    687            exp.JSONObjectAgg: rename_func("JSON_OBJECT_AGG"),
    688            exp.JSONBObjectAgg: rename_func("JSONB_OBJECT_AGG"),
    689            exp.CountIf: count_if_to_sum,
    690        }
    691
    692        TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.CommentColumnConstraint)
    693
    694        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    695            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    696            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    697            exp.TransientProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    698            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    699        }
    700
    701        def round_sql(self, expression: exp.Round) -> str:
    702            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    703            decimals = self.sql(expression, "decimals")
    704
    705            if not decimals:
    706                return self.func("ROUND", this)
    707
    708            if not expression.type:
    709                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    710
    711                expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    712
    713            # ROUND(double precision, integer) is not permitted in Postgres
    714            # so it's necessary to cast to decimal before rounding.
    715            if expression.this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE):
    716                decimal_type = exp.DataType.build(
    717                    exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL, expressions=expression.expressions
    718                )
    719                this = self.sql(exp.Cast(this=this, to=decimal_type))
    720
    721            return self.func("ROUND", this, decimals)
    722
    723        def schemacommentproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.SchemaCommentProperty) -> str:
    724            self.unsupported("Table comments are not supported in the CREATE statement")
    725            return ""
    726
    727        def commentcolumnconstraint_sql(self, expression: exp.CommentColumnConstraint) -> str:
    728            self.unsupported("Column comments are not supported in the CREATE statement")
    729            return ""
    730
    731        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    732            if len(expression.expressions) == 1:
    733                arg = expression.expressions[0]
    734                if isinstance(arg, exp.GenerateDateArray):
    735                    generate_series: exp.Expression = exp.GenerateSeries(**arg.args)
    736                    if isinstance(expression.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join)):
    737                        generate_series = (
    738                            exp.select("value::date")
    739                            .from_(exp.Table(this=generate_series).as_("_t", table=["value"]))
    740                            .subquery(expression.args.get("alias") or "_unnested_generate_series")
    741                        )
    742                    return self.sql(generate_series)
    743
    744                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    745
    746                this = annotate_types(arg, dialect=self.dialect)
    747                if this.is_type("array<json>"):
    748                    while isinstance(this, exp.Cast):
    749                        this = this.this
    750
    751                    arg_as_json = self.sql(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
    752                    alias = self.sql(expression, "alias")
    753                    alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    754
    755                    if expression.args.get("offset"):
    756                        self.unsupported("Unsupported JSON_ARRAY_ELEMENTS with offset")
    757
    758                    return f"JSON_ARRAY_ELEMENTS({arg_as_json}){alias}"
    759
    760            return super().unnest_sql(expression)
    761
    762        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    763            """Forms like ARRAY[1, 2, 3][3] aren't allowed; we need to wrap the ARRAY."""
    764            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Array):
    765                expression.set("this", exp.paren(expression.this, copy=False))
    766
    767            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    768
    769        def matchagainst_sql(self, expression: exp.MatchAgainst) -> str:
    770            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    771            expressions = [f"{self.sql(e)} @@ {this}" for e in expression.expressions]
    772            sql = " OR ".join(expressions)
    773            return f"({sql})" if len(expressions) > 1 else sql
    774
    775        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    776            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    777            exprs = f"({exprs})" if exprs else ""
    778
    779            access_method = self.sql(expression, "access_method")
    780            access_method = f"ACCESS METHOD {access_method}" if access_method else ""
    781            tablespace = self.sql(expression, "tablespace")
    782            tablespace = f"TABLESPACE {tablespace}" if tablespace else ""
    783            option = self.sql(expression, "option")
    784
    785            return f"SET {exprs}{access_method}{tablespace}{option}"
    786
    787        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    788            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY):
    789                if expression.expressions:
    790                    values = self.expressions(expression, key="values", flat=True)
    791                    return f"{self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}[{values}]"
    792                return "ARRAY"
    793
    794            if (
    795                expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE, exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT)
    796                and expression.expressions
    797            ):
    798                # Postgres doesn't support precision for REAL and DOUBLE PRECISION types
    799                return f"FLOAT({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    800
    801            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    802
    803        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    804            this = expression.this
    805
    806            # Postgres casts DIV() to decimal for transpilation but when roundtripping it's superfluous
    807            if isinstance(this, exp.IntDiv) and expression.to == exp.DataType.build("decimal"):
    808                return self.sql(this)
    809
    810            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    811
    812        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    813            exprs = expression.expressions
    814            func_name = self.normalize_func("ARRAY")
    815
    816            if isinstance(seq_get(exprs, 0), exp.Select):
    817                return f"{func_name}({self.sql(exprs[0])})"
    818
    819            return f"{func_name}{inline_array_sql(self, expression)}"
    820
    821        def computedcolumnconstraint_sql(self, expression: exp.ComputedColumnConstraint) -> str:
    822            return f"GENERATED ALWAYS AS ({self.sql(expression, 'this')}) STORED"
    823
    824        def isascii_sql(self, expression: exp.IsAscii) -> str:
    825            return f"({self.sql(expression.this)} ~ '^[[:ascii:]]*$')"
    826
    827        @unsupported_args("this")
    828        def currentschema_sql(self, expression: exp.CurrentSchema) -> str:
    829            return "CURRENT_SCHEMA"
    830
    831        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    832            unit = expression.text("unit").lower()
    833
    834            if unit.startswith("quarter") and isinstance(expression.this, exp.Literal):
    835                expression.this.replace(exp.Literal.number(int(expression.this.to_py()) * 3))
    836                expression.args["unit"].replace(exp.var("MONTH"))
    837
    838            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    839
    840        def placeholder_sql(self, expression: exp.Placeholder) -> str:
    841            if expression.args.get("jdbc"):
    842                return "?"
    843
    844            this = f"({expression.name})" if expression.this else ""
    845            return f"{self.NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN}{this}s"
    846
    847        def arraycontains_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayContains) -> str:
    848            # Convert DuckDB's LIST_CONTAINS(array, value) to PostgreSQL
    849            # DuckDB behavior:
    850            #   - LIST_CONTAINS([1,2,3], 2) -> true
    851            #   - LIST_CONTAINS([1,2,3], 4) -> false
    852            #   - LIST_CONTAINS([1,2,NULL], 4) -> false (not NULL)
    853            #   - LIST_CONTAINS([1,2,3], NULL) -> NULL
    854            #
    855            # PostgreSQL equivalent: CASE WHEN value IS NULL THEN NULL
    856            #                            ELSE COALESCE(value = ANY(array), FALSE) END
    857            value = expression.expression
    858            array = expression.this
    859
    860            coalesce_expr = exp.Coalesce(
    861                this=value.eq(exp.Any(this=exp.paren(expression=array, copy=False))),
    862                expressions=[exp.false()],
    863            )
    864
    865            case_expr = (
    866                exp.Case()
    867                .when(exp.Is(this=value, expression=exp.null()), exp.null(), copy=False)
    868                .else_(coalesce_expr, copy=False)
    869            )
    870
    871            return self.sql(case_expr)

DATE_DIFF_FACTOR = {'MICROSECOND': ' * 1000000', 'MILLISECOND': ' * 1000', 'SECOND': '', 'MINUTE': ' / 60', 'HOUR': ' / 3600', 'DAY': ' / 86400'}
class Postgres(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    269class Postgres(Dialect):
    270    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    271    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    272    CONCAT_COALESCE = True
    273    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
    274    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
    275    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    276
    277    TIME_MAPPING = {
    278        "d": "%u",  # 1-based day of week
    279        "D": "%u",  # 1-based day of week
    280        "dd": "%d",  # day of month
    281        "DD": "%d",  # day of month
    282        "ddd": "%j",  # zero padded day of year
    283        "DDD": "%j",  # zero padded day of year
    284        "FMDD": "%-d",  # - is no leading zero for Python; same for FM in postgres
    285        "FMDDD": "%-j",  # day of year
    286        "FMHH12": "%-I",  # 9
    287        "FMHH24": "%-H",  # 9
    288        "FMMI": "%-M",  # Minute
    289        "FMMM": "%-m",  # 1
    290        "FMSS": "%-S",  # Second
    291        "HH12": "%I",  # 09
    292        "HH24": "%H",  # 09
    293        "mi": "%M",  # zero padded minute
    294        "MI": "%M",  # zero padded minute
    295        "mm": "%m",  # 01
    296        "MM": "%m",  # 01
    297        "OF": "%z",  # utc offset
    298        "ss": "%S",  # zero padded second
    299        "SS": "%S",  # zero padded second
    300        "TMDay": "%A",  # TM is locale dependent
    301        "TMDy": "%a",
    302        "TMMon": "%b",  # Sep
    303        "TMMonth": "%B",  # September
    304        "TZ": "%Z",  # uppercase timezone name
    305        "US": "%f",  # zero padded microsecond
    306        "ww": "%U",  # 1-based week of year
    307        "WW": "%U",  # 1-based week of year
    308        "yy": "%y",  # 15
    309        "YY": "%y",  # 15
    310        "yyyy": "%Y",  # 2015
    311        "YYYY": "%Y",  # 2015
    312    }
    313
    314    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    315        BIT_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'")]
    316        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    317        BYTE_STRINGS = [("e'", "'"), ("E'", "'")]
    318        HEREDOC_STRINGS = ["$"]
    319
    320        HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER = True
    321        HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE = TokenType.PARAMETER
    322
    323        KEYWORDS = {
    324            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    325            "~": TokenType.RLIKE,
    326            "@@": TokenType.DAT,
    327            "@>": TokenType.AT_GT,
    328            "<@": TokenType.LT_AT,
    329            "?&": TokenType.QMARK_AMP,
    330            "?|": TokenType.QMARK_PIPE,
    331            "#-": TokenType.HASH_DASH,
    332            "|/": TokenType.PIPE_SLASH,
    333            "||/": TokenType.DPIPE_SLASH,
    334            "BEGIN": TokenType.BEGIN,
    335            "BIGSERIAL": TokenType.BIGSERIAL,
    336            "CONSTRAINT TRIGGER": TokenType.COMMAND,
    337            "CSTRING": TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE,
    338            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    339            "DO": TokenType.COMMAND,
    340            "EXEC": TokenType.COMMAND,
    341            "HSTORE": TokenType.HSTORE,
    342            "INT8": TokenType.BIGINT,
    343            "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY,
    344            "NAME": TokenType.NAME,
    345            "OID": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    346            "ONLY": TokenType.ONLY,
    347            "OPERATOR": TokenType.OPERATOR,
    348            "REFRESH": TokenType.COMMAND,
    349            "REINDEX": TokenType.COMMAND,
    350            "RESET": TokenType.COMMAND,
    351            "SERIAL": TokenType.SERIAL,
    352            "SMALLSERIAL": TokenType.SMALLSERIAL,
    353            "TEMP": TokenType.TEMPORARY,
    354            "REGCLASS": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    355            "REGCOLLATION": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    356            "REGCONFIG": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    357            "REGDICTIONARY": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    358            "REGNAMESPACE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    359            "REGOPER": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    360            "REGOPERATOR": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    361            "REGPROC": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    362            "REGPROCEDURE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    363            "REGROLE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    364            "REGTYPE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    365            "FLOAT": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    366            "XML": TokenType.XML,
    367        }
    368        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    369        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    370
    371        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    372            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    373            "$": TokenType.HEREDOC_STRING,
    374        }
    375
    376        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    377
    378    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    379        SUPPORTS_OMITTED_INTERVAL_SPAN_UNIT = True
    380
    381        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    382            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    383            "SET": lambda self: self.expression(exp.SetConfigProperty, this=self._parse_set()),
    384        }
    385        PROPERTY_PARSERS.pop("INPUT")
    386
    387        PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS = {
    388            **parser.Parser.PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS,
    389            TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: lambda self: self.expression(exp.Placeholder, jdbc=True),
    390            TokenType.MOD: lambda self: self._parse_query_parameter(),
    391        }
    392
    393        FUNCTIONS = {
    394            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    395            "BIT_AND": exp.BitwiseAndAgg.from_arg_list,
    396            "BIT_OR": exp.BitwiseOrAgg.from_arg_list,
    397            "BIT_XOR": exp.BitwiseXorAgg.from_arg_list,
    398            "DATE_TRUNC": build_timestamp_trunc,
    399            "DIV": lambda args: exp.cast(
    400                binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv)(args), exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL
    401            ),
    402            "GENERATE_SERIES": _build_generate_series,
    403            "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH": build_json_extract_path(exp.JSONExtract),
    404            "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT": build_json_extract_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
    405            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), encoding=seq_get(args, 1)),
    406            "MAKE_TIME": exp.TimeFromParts.from_arg_list,
    407            "MAKE_TIMESTAMP": exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list,
    408            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    409            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
    410            "TO_CHAR": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "postgres"),
    411            "TO_DATE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "postgres"),
    412            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_to_timestamp,
    413            "UNNEST": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    414            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    415            "SHA384": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(384)),
    416            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    417            "LEVENSHTEIN_LESS_EQUAL": _build_levenshtein_less_equal,
    418            "JSON_OBJECT_AGG": lambda args: exp.JSONObjectAgg(expressions=args),
    419            "JSONB_OBJECT_AGG": exp.JSONBObjectAgg.from_arg_list,
    420        }
    421
    422        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    423            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    424            TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: exp.CurrentSchema,
    425        }
    426
    427        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    428            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    429            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
    430            "JSON_AGG": lambda self: self.expression(
    431                exp.JSONArrayAgg,
    432                this=self._parse_lambda(),
    433                order=self._parse_order(),
    434            ),
    435            "JSONB_EXISTS": lambda self: self._parse_jsonb_exists(),
    436        }
    437
    438        BITWISE = {
    439            **parser.Parser.BITWISE,
    440            TokenType.HASH: exp.BitwiseXor,
    441        }
    442
    443        EXPONENT = {
    444            TokenType.CARET: exp.Pow,
    445        }
    446
    447        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    448            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    449            TokenType.DAMP: binary_range_parser(exp.ArrayOverlaps),
    450            TokenType.DAT: lambda self, this: self.expression(
    451                exp.MatchAgainst, this=self._parse_bitwise(), expressions=[this]
    452            ),
    453            TokenType.OPERATOR: lambda self, this: self._parse_operator(this),
    454        }
    455
    456        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    457            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    458            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_commit_or_rollback(),
    459        }
    460
    461        JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE = True
    462
    463        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    464            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,
    465            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, this, path: self.validate_expression(
    466                build_json_extract_path(
    467                    exp.JSONExtract, arrow_req_json_type=self.JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
    468                )([this, path])
    469            ),
    470            TokenType.DARROW: lambda self, this, path: self.validate_expression(
    471                build_json_extract_path(
    472                    exp.JSONExtractScalar, arrow_req_json_type=self.JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
    473                )([this, path])
    474            ),
    475        }
    476
    477        def _parse_query_parameter(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    478            this = (
    479                self._parse_wrapped(self._parse_id_var)
    480                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
    481                else None
    482            )
    483            self._match_text_seq("S")
    484            return self.expression(exp.Placeholder, this=this)
    485
    486        def _parse_operator(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    487            while True:
    488                if not self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN):
    489                    break
    490
    491                op = ""
    492                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    493                    op += self._curr.text
    494                    self._advance()
    495
    496                this = self.expression(
    497                    exp.Operator,
    498                    comments=self._prev_comments,
    499                    this=this,
    500                    operator=op,
    501                    expression=self._parse_bitwise(),
    502                )
    503
    504                if not self._match(TokenType.OPERATOR):
    505                    break
    506
    507            return this
    508
    509        def _parse_date_part(self) -> exp.Expression:
    510            part = self._parse_type()
    511            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    512            value = self._parse_bitwise()
    513
    514            if part and isinstance(part, (exp.Column, exp.Literal)):
    515                part = exp.var(part.name)
    516
    517            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=part, expression=value)
    518
    519        def _parse_unique_key(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    520            return None
    521
    522        def _parse_jsonb_exists(self) -> exp.JSONBExists:
    523            return self.expression(
    524                exp.JSONBExists,
    525                this=self._parse_bitwise(),
    526                path=self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    527                and self.dialect.to_json_path(self._parse_bitwise()),
    528            )
    529
    530        def _parse_generated_as_identity(
    531            self,
    532        ) -> (
    533            exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    534            | exp.ComputedColumnConstraint
    535            | exp.GeneratedAsRowColumnConstraint
    536        ):
    537            this = super()._parse_generated_as_identity()
    538
    539            if self._match_text_seq("STORED"):
    540                this = self.expression(exp.ComputedColumnConstraint, this=this.expression)
    541
    542            return this
    543
    544        def _parse_user_defined_type(
    545            self, identifier: exp.Identifier
    546        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    547            udt_type: exp.Identifier | exp.Dot = identifier
    548
    549            while self._match(TokenType.DOT):
    550                part = self._parse_id_var()
    551                if part:
    552                    udt_type = exp.Dot(this=udt_type, expression=part)
    553
    554            return exp.DataType.build(udt_type, udt=True)
    555
    556    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    557        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    558        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    559        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
    560        JOIN_HINTS = False
    561        TABLE_HINTS = False
    562        QUERY_HINTS = False
    563        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    564        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    565        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "%"
    566        TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS = False
    567        TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD = "REPEATABLE"
    568        SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True
    569        JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION = True
    570        SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES = True
    571        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    572        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    573        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
    574        SUPPORTS_WINDOW_EXCLUDE = True
    575        COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD = False
    576        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
    577        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    578        ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED = True
    579        SUPPORTS_BETWEEN_FLAGS = True
    580
    581        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    582            exp.JSONPathKey,
    583            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    584            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    585        }
    586
    587        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    588            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    589            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "SMALLINT",
    590            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    591            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "DOUBLE PRECISION",
    592            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTEA",
    593            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTEA",
    594            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTEA",
    595            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    596            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    597            exp.DataType.Type.BLOB: "BYTEA",
    598        }
    599
    600        TRANSFORMS = {
    601            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    602            exp.AnyValue: _versioned_anyvalue_sql,
    603            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
    604            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
    605            exp.BitwiseAndAgg: rename_func("BIT_AND"),
    606            exp.BitwiseOrAgg: rename_func("BIT_OR"),
    607            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "#"),
    608            exp.BitwiseXorAgg: rename_func("BIT_XOR"),
    609            exp.ColumnDef: transforms.preprocess([_auto_increment_to_serial, _serial_to_generated]),
    610            exp.CurrentDate: no_paren_current_date_sql,
    611            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    612            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    613            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("+"),
    614            exp.DateDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    615            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    616            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("-"),
    617            exp.Explode: rename_func("UNNEST"),
    618            exp.ExplodingGenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_SERIES"),
    619            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: groupconcat_sql(
    620                self, e, func_name="STRING_AGG", within_group=False
    621            ),
    622            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    623            exp.JSONArrayAgg: lambda self, e: self.func(
    624                "JSON_AGG",
    625                self.sql(e, "this"),
    626                suffix=f"{self.sql(e, 'order')})",
    627            ),
    628            exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH", "->"),
    629            exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_extract_sql("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", "->>"),
    630            exp.JSONBExtract: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "#>"),
    631            exp.JSONBExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "#>>"),
    632            exp.JSONBContains: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "?"),
    633            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.sql(exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON)),
    634            exp.JSONPathKey: json_path_key_only_name,
    635            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
    636            exp.JSONPathSubscript: lambda self, e: self.json_path_part(e.this),
    637            exp.LastDay: no_last_day_sql,
    638            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    639            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    640            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    641            exp.MapFromEntries: no_map_from_entries_sql,
    642            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    643            exp.Merge: merge_without_target_sql,
    644            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    645            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    646                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    647            ),
    648            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    649                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    650            ),
    651            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    652            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    653            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "~"),
    654            exp.RegexpILike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "~*"),
    655            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    656                [
    657                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    658                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    659                ]
    660            ),
    661            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    662            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, func_name="POSITION"),
    663            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    664            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    665            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    666            exp.Substring: _substring_sql,
    667            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("MAKE_TIME"),
    668            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("MAKE_TIMESTAMP"),
    669            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(zone=True),
    670            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    671            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_CHAR", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    672            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    673            exp.Trim: trim_sql,
    674            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
    675            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("+"),
    676            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    677            exp.UnixToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this),
    678            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "GEN_RANDOM_UUID()",
    679            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    680                "DATE_PART", exp.Literal.string("epoch"), e.this
    681            ),
    682            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    683            exp.Variance: rename_func("VAR_SAMP"),
    684            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    685            exp.Unicode: rename_func("ASCII"),
    686            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    687            exp.Levenshtein: _levenshtein_sql,
    688            exp.JSONObjectAgg: rename_func("JSON_OBJECT_AGG"),
    689            exp.JSONBObjectAgg: rename_func("JSONB_OBJECT_AGG"),
    690            exp.CountIf: count_if_to_sum,
    691        }
    692
    693        TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.CommentColumnConstraint)
    694
    695        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    696            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    697            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    698            exp.TransientProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    699            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    700        }
    701
    702        def round_sql(self, expression: exp.Round) -> str:
    703            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    704            decimals = self.sql(expression, "decimals")
    705
    706            if not decimals:
    707                return self.func("ROUND", this)
    708
    709            if not expression.type:
    710                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    711
    712                expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    713
    714            # ROUND(double precision, integer) is not permitted in Postgres
    715            # so it's necessary to cast to decimal before rounding.
    716            if expression.this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE):
    717                decimal_type = exp.DataType.build(
    718                    exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL, expressions=expression.expressions
    719                )
    720                this = self.sql(exp.Cast(this=this, to=decimal_type))
    721
    722            return self.func("ROUND", this, decimals)
    723
    724        def schemacommentproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.SchemaCommentProperty) -> str:
    725            self.unsupported("Table comments are not supported in the CREATE statement")
    726            return ""
    727
    728        def commentcolumnconstraint_sql(self, expression: exp.CommentColumnConstraint) -> str:
    729            self.unsupported("Column comments are not supported in the CREATE statement")
    730            return ""
    731
    732        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    733            if len(expression.expressions) == 1:
    734                arg = expression.expressions[0]
    735                if isinstance(arg, exp.GenerateDateArray):
    736                    generate_series: exp.Expression = exp.GenerateSeries(**arg.args)
    737                    if isinstance(expression.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join)):
    738                        generate_series = (
    739                            exp.select("value::date")
    740                            .from_(exp.Table(this=generate_series).as_("_t", table=["value"]))
    741                            .subquery(expression.args.get("alias") or "_unnested_generate_series")
    742                        )
    743                    return self.sql(generate_series)
    744
    745                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    746
    747                this = annotate_types(arg, dialect=self.dialect)
    748                if this.is_type("array<json>"):
    749                    while isinstance(this, exp.Cast):
    750                        this = this.this
    751
    752                    arg_as_json = self.sql(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
    753                    alias = self.sql(expression, "alias")
    754                    alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    755
    756                    if expression.args.get("offset"):
    757                        self.unsupported("Unsupported JSON_ARRAY_ELEMENTS with offset")
    758
    759                    return f"JSON_ARRAY_ELEMENTS({arg_as_json}){alias}"
    760
    761            return super().unnest_sql(expression)
    762
    763        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    764            """Forms like ARRAY[1, 2, 3][3] aren't allowed; we need to wrap the ARRAY."""
    765            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Array):
    766                expression.set("this", exp.paren(expression.this, copy=False))
    767
    768            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    769
    770        def matchagainst_sql(self, expression: exp.MatchAgainst) -> str:
    771            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    772            expressions = [f"{self.sql(e)} @@ {this}" for e in expression.expressions]
    773            sql = " OR ".join(expressions)
    774            return f"({sql})" if len(expressions) > 1 else sql
    775
    776        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    777            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    778            exprs = f"({exprs})" if exprs else ""
    779
    780            access_method = self.sql(expression, "access_method")
    781            access_method = f"ACCESS METHOD {access_method}" if access_method else ""
    782            tablespace = self.sql(expression, "tablespace")
    783            tablespace = f"TABLESPACE {tablespace}" if tablespace else ""
    784            option = self.sql(expression, "option")
    785
    786            return f"SET {exprs}{access_method}{tablespace}{option}"
    787
    788        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    789            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY):
    790                if expression.expressions:
    791                    values = self.expressions(expression, key="values", flat=True)
    792                    return f"{self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}[{values}]"
    793                return "ARRAY"
    794
    795            if (
    796                expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE, exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT)
    797                and expression.expressions
    798            ):
    799                # Postgres doesn't support precision for REAL and DOUBLE PRECISION types
    800                return f"FLOAT({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    801
    802            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    803
    804        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    805            this = expression.this
    806
    807            # Postgres casts DIV() to decimal for transpilation but when roundtripping it's superfluous
    808            if isinstance(this, exp.IntDiv) and expression.to == exp.DataType.build("decimal"):
    809                return self.sql(this)
    810
    811            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    812
    813        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    814            exprs = expression.expressions
    815            func_name = self.normalize_func("ARRAY")
    816
    817            if isinstance(seq_get(exprs, 0), exp.Select):
    818                return f"{func_name}({self.sql(exprs[0])})"
    819
    820            return f"{func_name}{inline_array_sql(self, expression)}"
    821
    822        def computedcolumnconstraint_sql(self, expression: exp.ComputedColumnConstraint) -> str:
    823            return f"GENERATED ALWAYS AS ({self.sql(expression, 'this')}) STORED"
    824
    825        def isascii_sql(self, expression: exp.IsAscii) -> str:
    826            return f"({self.sql(expression.this)} ~ '^[[:ascii:]]*$')"
    827
    828        @unsupported_args("this")
    829        def currentschema_sql(self, expression: exp.CurrentSchema) -> str:
    830            return "CURRENT_SCHEMA"
    831
    832        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    833            unit = expression.text("unit").lower()
    834
    835            if unit.startswith("quarter") and isinstance(expression.this, exp.Literal):
    836                expression.this.replace(exp.Literal.number(int(expression.this.to_py()) * 3))
    837                expression.args["unit"].replace(exp.var("MONTH"))
    838
    839            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    840
    841        def placeholder_sql(self, expression: exp.Placeholder) -> str:
    842            if expression.args.get("jdbc"):
    843                return "?"
    844
    845            this = f"({expression.name})" if expression.this else ""
    846            return f"{self.NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN}{this}s"
    847
    848        def arraycontains_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayContains) -> str:
    849            # Convert DuckDB's LIST_CONTAINS(array, value) to PostgreSQL
    850            # DuckDB behavior:
    851            #   - LIST_CONTAINS([1,2,3], 2) -> true
    852            #   - LIST_CONTAINS([1,2,3], 4) -> false
    853            #   - LIST_CONTAINS([1,2,NULL], 4) -> false (not NULL)
    854            #   - LIST_CONTAINS([1,2,3], NULL) -> NULL
    855            #
    856            # PostgreSQL equivalent: CASE WHEN value IS NULL THEN NULL
    857            #                            ELSE COALESCE(value = ANY(array), FALSE) END
    858            value = expression.expression
    859            array = expression.this
    860
    861            coalesce_expr = exp.Coalesce(
    862                this=value.eq(exp.Any(this=exp.paren(expression=array, copy=False))),
    863                expressions=[exp.false()],
    864            )
    865
    866            case_expr = (
    867                exp.Case()
    868                .when(exp.Is(this=value, expression=exp.null()), exp.null(), copy=False)
    869                .else_(coalesce_expr, copy=False)
    870            )
    871
    872            return self.sql(case_expr)

INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of `a / b` depends on the types of `a` and `b`. False means `a / b` is always float division. True means `a / b` is integer division if both `a` and `b` are integers.

CONCAT_COALESCE = True

A `NULL` arg in `CONCAT` yields `NULL` by default, but in some dialects it yields an empty string.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'d': '%u', 'D': '%u', 'dd': '%d', 'DD': '%d', 'ddd': '%j', 'DDD': '%j', 'FMDD': '%-d', 'FMDDD': '%-j', 'FMHH12': '%-I', 'FMHH24': '%-H', 'FMMI': '%-M', 'FMMM': '%-m', 'FMSS': '%-S', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'mi': '%M', 'MI': '%M', 'mm': '%m', 'MM': '%m', 'OF': '%z', 'ss': '%S', 'SS': '%S', 'TMDay': '%A', 'TMDy': '%a', 'TMMon': '%b', 'TMMonth': '%B', 'TZ': '%Z', 'US': '%f', 'ww': '%U', 'WW': '%U', 'yy': '%y', 'YY': '%y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Postgres.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Postgres.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Postgres.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'d': {0: True, 'd': {0: True, 'd': {0: True}}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'F': {'M': {'D': {'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {'i': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'O': {'F': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'T': {'M': {'D': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'M': {'o': {'n': {0: True, 't': {'h': {0: True}}}}}}, 'Z': {0: True}}, 'U': {'S': {0: True}}, 'w': {'w': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {0: True}}}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'d': {0: True, 'd': {0: True, 'd': {0: True}}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'F': {'M': {'D': {'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}, 'H': {'H': {'1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {'i': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}}, 'O': {'F': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'T': {'M': {'D': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'M': {'o': {'n': {0: True, 't': {'h': {0: True}}}}}}, 'Z': {0: True}}, 'U': {'S': {0: True}}, 'w': {'w': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {0: True, 'y': {'y': {0: True}}}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%u': 'D', '%d': 'DD', '%j': 'DDD', '%-d': 'FMDD', '%-j': 'FMDDD', '%-I': 'FMHH12', '%-H': 'FMHH24', '%-M': 'FMMI', '%-m': 'FMMM', '%-S': 'FMSS', '%I': 'HH12', '%H': 'HH24', '%M': 'MI', '%m': 'MM', '%z': 'OF', '%S': 'SS', '%A': 'TMDay', '%a': 'TMDy', '%b': 'TMMon', '%B': 'TMMonth', '%Z': 'TZ', '%f': 'US', '%U': 'WW', '%y': 'YY', '%Y': 'YYYY'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'u': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'z': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'Z': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'U': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BIT_END: Optional[str] = "'"
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "e'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None
class Postgres.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    314    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    315        BIT_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'")]
    316        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    317        BYTE_STRINGS = [("e'", "'"), ("E'", "'")]
    318        HEREDOC_STRINGS = ["$"]
    319
    320        HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER = True
    321        HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE = TokenType.PARAMETER
    322
    323        KEYWORDS = {
    324            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    325            "~": TokenType.RLIKE,
    326            "@@": TokenType.DAT,
    327            "@>": TokenType.AT_GT,
    328            "<@": TokenType.LT_AT,
    329            "?&": TokenType.QMARK_AMP,
    330            "?|": TokenType.QMARK_PIPE,
    331            "#-": TokenType.HASH_DASH,
    332            "|/": TokenType.PIPE_SLASH,
    333            "||/": TokenType.DPIPE_SLASH,
    334            "BEGIN": TokenType.BEGIN,
    335            "BIGSERIAL": TokenType.BIGSERIAL,
    336            "CONSTRAINT TRIGGER": TokenType.COMMAND,
    337            "CSTRING": TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE,
    338            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    339            "DO": TokenType.COMMAND,
    340            "EXEC": TokenType.COMMAND,
    341            "HSTORE": TokenType.HSTORE,
    342            "INT8": TokenType.BIGINT,
    343            "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY,
    344            "NAME": TokenType.NAME,
    345            "OID": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    346            "ONLY": TokenType.ONLY,
    347            "OPERATOR": TokenType.OPERATOR,
    348            "REFRESH": TokenType.COMMAND,
    349            "REINDEX": TokenType.COMMAND,
    350            "RESET": TokenType.COMMAND,
    351            "SERIAL": TokenType.SERIAL,
    352            "SMALLSERIAL": TokenType.SMALLSERIAL,
    353            "TEMP": TokenType.TEMPORARY,
    354            "REGCLASS": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    355            "REGCOLLATION": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    356            "REGCONFIG": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    357            "REGDICTIONARY": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    358            "REGNAMESPACE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    359            "REGOPER": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    360            "REGOPERATOR": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    361            "REGPROC": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    362            "REGPROCEDURE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    363            "REGROLE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    364            "REGTYPE": TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
    365            "FLOAT": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    366            "XML": TokenType.XML,
    367        }
    368        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    369        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    370
    371        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    372            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    373            "$": TokenType.HEREDOC_STRING,
    374        }
    375
    376        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}

BIT_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'")]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("e'", "'"), ("E'", "'")]
HEREDOC_STRINGS = ['$']
HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER = True
HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE = <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '|>': <TokenType.PIPE_GT: 'PIPE_GT'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SESSION': <TokenType.SESSION: 'SESSION'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'REVOKE': <TokenType.REVOKE: 'REVOKE'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, '~': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, '@@': <TokenType.DAT: 'DAT'>, '@>': <TokenType.AT_GT: 'AT_GT'>, '<@': <TokenType.LT_AT: 'LT_AT'>, '?&': <TokenType.QMARK_AMP: 'QMARK_AMP'>, '?|': <TokenType.QMARK_PIPE: 'QMARK_PIPE'>, '#-': <TokenType.HASH_DASH: 'HASH_DASH'>, '|/': <TokenType.PIPE_SLASH: 'PIPE_SLASH'>, '||/': <TokenType.DPIPE_SLASH: 'DPIPE_SLASH'>, 'BIGSERIAL': <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, 'CONSTRAINT TRIGGER': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CSTRING': <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'DO': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXEC': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'HSTORE': <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, 'MONEY': <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, 'NAME': <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, 'OID': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, 'ONLY': <TokenType.ONLY: 'ONLY'>, 'OPERATOR': <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, 'REFRESH': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REINDEX': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RESET': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SERIAL': <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, 'SMALLSERIAL': <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, 'REGCLASS': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, 'REGCOLLATION': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, 'REGCONFIG': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, 'REGDICTIONARY': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, 'REGNAMESPACE': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, 'REGOPER': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, 'REGOPERATOR': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, 'REGPROC': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, 'REGPROCEDURE': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, 'REGROLE': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, 'REGTYPE': <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, 'XML': <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '$': <TokenType.HEREDOC_STRING: 'HEREDOC_STRING'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  RAW_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  QUOTES
  STRING_ESCAPES
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  NESTED_COMMENTS
  HINT_START
  TOKENS_PRECEDING_HINT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  use_rs_tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Postgres.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    378    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    379        SUPPORTS_OMITTED_INTERVAL_SPAN_UNIT = True
    380
    381        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    382            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    383            "SET": lambda self: self.expression(exp.SetConfigProperty, this=self._parse_set()),
    384        }
    385        PROPERTY_PARSERS.pop("INPUT")
    386
    387        PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS = {
    388            **parser.Parser.PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS,
    389            TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: lambda self: self.expression(exp.Placeholder, jdbc=True),
    390            TokenType.MOD: lambda self: self._parse_query_parameter(),
    391        }
    392
    393        FUNCTIONS = {
    394            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    395            "BIT_AND": exp.BitwiseAndAgg.from_arg_list,
    396            "BIT_OR": exp.BitwiseOrAgg.from_arg_list,
    397            "BIT_XOR": exp.BitwiseXorAgg.from_arg_list,
    398            "DATE_TRUNC": build_timestamp_trunc,
    399            "DIV": lambda args: exp.cast(
    400                binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv)(args), exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL
    401            ),
    402            "GENERATE_SERIES": _build_generate_series,
    403            "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH": build_json_extract_path(exp.JSONExtract),
    404            "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT": build_json_extract_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
    405            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), encoding=seq_get(args, 1)),
    406            "MAKE_TIME": exp.TimeFromParts.from_arg_list,
    407            "MAKE_TIMESTAMP": exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list,
    408            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    409            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
    410            "TO_CHAR": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "postgres"),
    411            "TO_DATE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "postgres"),
    412            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_to_timestamp,
    413            "UNNEST": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    414            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    415            "SHA384": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(384)),
    416            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    417            "LEVENSHTEIN_LESS_EQUAL": _build_levenshtein_less_equal,
    418            "JSON_OBJECT_AGG": lambda args: exp.JSONObjectAgg(expressions=args),
    419            "JSONB_OBJECT_AGG": exp.JSONBObjectAgg.from_arg_list,
    420        }
    421
    422        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    423            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    424            TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: exp.CurrentSchema,
    425        }
    426
    427        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    428            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    429            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
    430            "JSON_AGG": lambda self: self.expression(
    431                exp.JSONArrayAgg,
    432                this=self._parse_lambda(),
    433                order=self._parse_order(),
    434            ),
    435            "JSONB_EXISTS": lambda self: self._parse_jsonb_exists(),
    436        }
    437
    438        BITWISE = {
    439            **parser.Parser.BITWISE,
    440            TokenType.HASH: exp.BitwiseXor,
    441        }
    442
    443        EXPONENT = {
    444            TokenType.CARET: exp.Pow,
    445        }
    446
    447        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    448            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    449            TokenType.DAMP: binary_range_parser(exp.ArrayOverlaps),
    450            TokenType.DAT: lambda self, this: self.expression(
    451                exp.MatchAgainst, this=self._parse_bitwise(), expressions=[this]
    452            ),
    453            TokenType.OPERATOR: lambda self, this: self._parse_operator(this),
    454        }
    455
    456        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    457            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    458            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_commit_or_rollback(),
    459        }
    460
    461        JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE = True
    462
    463        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    464            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,
    465            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, this, path: self.validate_expression(
    466                build_json_extract_path(
    467                    exp.JSONExtract, arrow_req_json_type=self.JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
    468                )([this, path])
    469            ),
    470            TokenType.DARROW: lambda self, this, path: self.validate_expression(
    471                build_json_extract_path(
    472                    exp.JSONExtractScalar, arrow_req_json_type=self.JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
    473                )([this, path])
    474            ),
    475        }
    476
    477        def _parse_query_parameter(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    478            this = (
    479                self._parse_wrapped(self._parse_id_var)
    480                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
    481                else None
    482            )
    483            self._match_text_seq("S")
    484            return self.expression(exp.Placeholder, this=this)
    485
    486        def _parse_operator(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    487            while True:
    488                if not self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN):
    489                    break
    490
    491                op = ""
    492                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    493                    op += self._curr.text
    494                    self._advance()
    495
    496                this = self.expression(
    497                    exp.Operator,
    498                    comments=self._prev_comments,
    499                    this=this,
    500                    operator=op,
    501                    expression=self._parse_bitwise(),
    502                )
    503
    504                if not self._match(TokenType.OPERATOR):
    505                    break
    506
    507            return this
    508
    509        def _parse_date_part(self) -> exp.Expression:
    510            part = self._parse_type()
    511            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    512            value = self._parse_bitwise()
    513
    514            if part and isinstance(part, (exp.Column, exp.Literal)):
    515                part = exp.var(part.name)
    516
    517            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=part, expression=value)
    518
    519        def _parse_unique_key(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    520            return None
    521
    522        def _parse_jsonb_exists(self) -> exp.JSONBExists:
    523            return self.expression(
    524                exp.JSONBExists,
    525                this=self._parse_bitwise(),
    526                path=self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    527                and self.dialect.to_json_path(self._parse_bitwise()),
    528            )
    529
    530        def _parse_generated_as_identity(
    531            self,
    532        ) -> (
    533            exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    534            | exp.ComputedColumnConstraint
    535            | exp.GeneratedAsRowColumnConstraint
    536        ):
    537            this = super()._parse_generated_as_identity()
    538
    539            if self._match_text_seq("STORED"):
    540                this = self.expression(exp.ComputedColumnConstraint, this=this.expression)
    541
    542            return this
    543
    544        def _parse_user_defined_type(
    545            self, identifier: exp.Identifier
    546        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    547            udt_type: exp.Identifier | exp.Dot = identifier
    548
    549            while self._match(TokenType.DOT):
    550                part = self._parse_id_var()
    551                if part:
    552                    udt_type = exp.Dot(this=udt_type, expression=part)
    553
    554            return exp.DataType.build(udt_type, udt=True)

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

SUPPORTS_OMITTED_INTERVAL_SPAN_UNIT = True
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTRIBUTED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DUPLICATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EMPTY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENVIRONMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STREAMING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Postgres.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS = {<TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>: <function Postgres.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>: <function Postgres.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTIONS = {'AI_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AIAgg'>>, 'AI_CLASSIFY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AIClassify'>>, 'AI_SUMMARIZE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AISummarizeAgg'>>, 'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ACOS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Acos'>>, 'ACOSH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Acosh'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantiles'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopSum'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcatAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFirst'>>, 'ARRAY_INTERSECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayIntersect'>>, 'ARRAY_INTERSECTION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayIntersect'>>, 'ARRAY_LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayLast'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_REMOVE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayRemove'>>, 'ARRAY_REVERSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayReverse'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SLICE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySlice'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'ASCII': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ascii'>>, 'ASIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Asin'>>, 'ASINH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Asinh'>>, 'ATAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Atan'>>, 'ATAN2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Atan2'>>, 'ATANH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Atanh'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'BASE64_DECODE_BINARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Base64DecodeBinary'>>, 'BASE64_DECODE_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Base64DecodeString'>>, 'BASE64_ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Base64Encode'>>, 'BIT_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitLength'>>, 'BITWISE_AND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAndAgg'>>, 'BITWISE_COUNT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseCountAgg'>>, 'BITWISE_OR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOrAgg'>>, 'BITWISE_XOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXorAgg'>>, 'BYTE_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ByteLength'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'CODE_POINTS_TO_BYTES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CodePointsToBytes'>>, 'CODE_POINTS_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CodePointsToString'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'COMPRESS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Compress'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Contains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CONVERT_TO_CHARSET': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConvertToCharset'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COSINE_DISTANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CosineDistance'>>, 'COT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cot'>>, 'COTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coth'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CSC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Csc'>>, 'CSCH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Csch'>>, 'CUME_DIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CumeDist'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentSchema'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP_L_T_Z': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestampLTZ'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATE_BIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateBin'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_FROM_UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromUnixDate'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function build_timestamp_trunc>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DECODE_CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DecodeCase'>>, 'DENSE_RANK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DenseRank'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'ENDS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EndsWith'>>, 'ENDSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EndsWith'>>, 'EUCLIDEAN_DISTANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EuclideanDistance'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FARM_FINGERPRINT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FarmFingerprint'>>, 'FARMFINGERPRINT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FarmFingerprint'>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FeaturesAtTime'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOAT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Float64'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Format'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE32': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase32'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_EMBEDDING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateEmbedding'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <function _build_generate_series>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GET_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GetExtract'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'GROUPING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Grouping'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HEX_DECODE_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HexDecodeString'>>, 'HEX_ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HexEncode'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'INT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>>, 'IS_ASCII': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsAscii'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_APPEND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAppend'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayInsert'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'J_S_O_N_B_CONTAINS_ALL_TOP_KEYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContainsAllTopKeys'>>, 'J_S_O_N_B_CONTAINS_ANY_TOP_KEYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContainsAnyTopKeys'>>, 'J_S_O_N_B_DELETE_AT_PATH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBDeleteAtPath'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_B_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_BOOL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBool'>>, 'J_S_O_N_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONCast'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_KEYS_AT_DEPTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONKeysAtDepth'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'JSON_REMOVE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONRemove'>>, 'JSON_SET': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONSet'>>, 'JSON_STRIP_NULLS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONStripNulls'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'JSON_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONType'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>>, 'JUSTIFY_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JustifyDays'>>, 'JUSTIFY_HOURS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JustifyHours'>>, 'JUSTIFY_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JustifyInterval'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LAX_BOOL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LaxBool'>>, 'LAX_FLOAT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LaxFloat64'>>, 'LAX_INT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LaxInt64'>>, 'LAX_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LaxString'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <function Postgres.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHAR_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHARACTER_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'M_D5_NUMBER_LOWER64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5NumberLower64'>>, 'M_D5_NUMBER_UPPER64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5NumberUpper64'>>, 'M_L_FORECAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MLForecast'>>, 'M_L_TRANSLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MLTranslate'>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ntile'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_BIGNUMERIC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseBignumeric'>>, 'PARSE_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseDatetime'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PARSE_NUMERIC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseNumeric'>>, 'PARSE_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseTime'>>, 'PERCENT_RANK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentRank'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_BUCKET': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeBucket'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'RANK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rank'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_INSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpInstr'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _build_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Replace'>>, 'REVERSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reverse'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'S_H_A1_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA1Digest'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'S_H_A2_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2Digest'>>, 'SAFE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeAdd'>>, 'SAFE_CONVERT_BYTES_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConvertBytesToString'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SAFE_MULTIPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeMultiply'>>, 'SAFE_NEGATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeNegate'>>, 'SAFE_SUBTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeSubtract'>>, 'SEC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sec'>>, 'SECH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sech'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sin'>>, 'SINH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sinh'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SOUNDEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Soundex'>>, 'SPACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Space'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'ST_DISTANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StDistance'>>, 'ST_POINT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StPoint'>>, 'ST_MAKEPOINT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StPoint'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRTOK_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTRING_INDEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SubstringIndex'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE32': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase32'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_CODE_POINTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToCodePoints'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRANSLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Translate'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'TYPEOF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Typeof'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNICODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_MICROS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixMicros'>>, 'UNIX_MILLIS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixMillis'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UTC_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UtcDate'>>, 'UTC_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UtcTime'>>, 'UTC_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UtcTimestamp'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VECTOR_SEARCH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VectorSearch'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLElement'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_json_extract_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRPOS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'CHARINDEX': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'LOCATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'BIT_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAndAgg'>>, 'BIT_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOrAgg'>>, 'BIT_XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXorAgg'>>, 'DIV': <function Postgres.Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH': <function build_json_extract_path.<locals>._builder>, 'MAKE_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'MAKE_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'TO_DATE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_to_timestamp>, 'SHA256': <function Postgres.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA384': <function Postgres.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function Postgres.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN_LESS_EQUAL': <function _build_levenshtein_less_equal>, 'JSON_OBJECT_AGG': <function Postgres.Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSONB_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBObjectAgg'>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentSchema'>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ARG_MAX': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'ARGMAX': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'MAX_BY': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'ARG_MIN': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'ARGMIN': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'MIN_BY': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CEIL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FLOOR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function Postgres.Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_AGG': <function Postgres.Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <function Postgres.Parser.<lambda>>}
BITWISE = {<TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>, <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>, <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>, <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>}
EXPONENT = {<TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.AT_GT: 'AT_GT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.LT_AT: 'LT_AT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.QMARK_AMP: 'QMARK_AMP'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.QMARK_PIPE: 'QMARK_PIPE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.HASH_DASH: 'HASH_DASH'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.DAT: 'DAT'>: <function Postgres.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>: <function Postgres.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REVOKE: 'REVOKE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>: <function Postgres.Parser.<lambda>>}
JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE = True
COLUMN_OPERATORS = {<TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>: None, <TokenType.DOTCOLON: 'DOTCOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>: <function Postgres.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>: <function Postgres.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.STAGE: 'STAGE'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SESSION: 'SESSION'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.VOID: 'VOID'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHYPOINT: 'GEOGRAPHYPOINT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.SEMANTIC_VIEW: 'SEMANTIC_VIEW'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.GET: 'GET'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.NOTHING: 'NOTHING'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 'FILE_FORMAT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.STAGE: 'STAGE'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SESSION: 'SESSION'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.VOID: 'VOID'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHYPOINT: 'GEOGRAPHYPOINT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.SEMANTIC_VIEW: 'SEMANTIC_VIEW'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.GET: 'GET'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.NOTHING: 'NOTHING'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 'FILE_FORMAT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  COLON_PLACEHOLDER_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  TERM
  FACTOR
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  CAST_COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PIPE_SYNTAX_TRANSFORM_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_TOKENS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
  EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  WINDOW_EXCLUDE_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  DESCRIBE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  PARTITION_KEYWORDS
  AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS_TOKENS
  OPERATION_MODIFIERS
  RECURSIVE_CTE_SEARCH_KIND
  MODIFIABLES
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
  OPTIONAL_ALIAS_TOKEN_CTE
  ALTER_RENAME_REQUIRES_COLUMN
  JOINS_HAVE_EQUAL_PRECEDENCE
  ZONE_AWARE_TIMESTAMP_CONSTRUCTOR
  MAP_KEYS_ARE_ARBITRARY_EXPRESSIONS
  JSON_EXTRACT_REQUIRES_JSON_EXPRESSION
  ADD_JOIN_ON_TRUE
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  parse_set_operation
  build_cast
  errors
  sql

class Postgres.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    556    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    557        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    558        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    559        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
    560        JOIN_HINTS = False
    561        TABLE_HINTS = False
    562        QUERY_HINTS = False
    563        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    564        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    565        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "%"
    566        TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS = False
    567        TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD = "REPEATABLE"
    568        SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True
    569        JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION = True
    570        SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES = True
    571        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    572        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    573        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
    574        SUPPORTS_WINDOW_EXCLUDE = True
    575        COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD = False
    576        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
    577        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    578        ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED = True
    579        SUPPORTS_BETWEEN_FLAGS = True
    580
    581        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    582            exp.JSONPathKey,
    583            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    584            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    585        }
    586
    587        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    588            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    589            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "SMALLINT",
    590            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    591            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "DOUBLE PRECISION",
    592            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTEA",
    593            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTEA",
    594            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTEA",
    595            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    596            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    597            exp.DataType.Type.BLOB: "BYTEA",
    598        }
    599
    600        TRANSFORMS = {
    601            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    602            exp.AnyValue: _versioned_anyvalue_sql,
    603            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
    604            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
    605            exp.BitwiseAndAgg: rename_func("BIT_AND"),
    606            exp.BitwiseOrAgg: rename_func("BIT_OR"),
    607            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "#"),
    608            exp.BitwiseXorAgg: rename_func("BIT_XOR"),
    609            exp.ColumnDef: transforms.preprocess([_auto_increment_to_serial, _serial_to_generated]),
    610            exp.CurrentDate: no_paren_current_date_sql,
    611            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    612            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    613            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("+"),
    614            exp.DateDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    615            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    616            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("-"),
    617            exp.Explode: rename_func("UNNEST"),
    618            exp.ExplodingGenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_SERIES"),
    619            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: groupconcat_sql(
    620                self, e, func_name="STRING_AGG", within_group=False
    621            ),
    622            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    623            exp.JSONArrayAgg: lambda self, e: self.func(
    624                "JSON_AGG",
    625                self.sql(e, "this"),
    626                suffix=f"{self.sql(e, 'order')})",
    627            ),
    628            exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH", "->"),
    629            exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_extract_sql("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", "->>"),
    630            exp.JSONBExtract: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "#>"),
    631            exp.JSONBExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "#>>"),
    632            exp.JSONBContains: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "?"),
    633            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.sql(exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON)),
    634            exp.JSONPathKey: json_path_key_only_name,
    635            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
    636            exp.JSONPathSubscript: lambda self, e: self.json_path_part(e.this),
    637            exp.LastDay: no_last_day_sql,
    638            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    639            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    640            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    641            exp.MapFromEntries: no_map_from_entries_sql,
    642            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    643            exp.Merge: merge_without_target_sql,
    644            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    645            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    646                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    647            ),
    648            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    649                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    650            ),
    651            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    652            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    653            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "~"),
    654            exp.RegexpILike: lambda self, e: self.binary(e, "~*"),
    655            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    656                [
    657                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    658                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    659                ]
    660            ),
    661            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    662            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, func_name="POSITION"),
    663            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    664            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    665            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    666            exp.Substring: _substring_sql,
    667            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("MAKE_TIME"),
    668            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("MAKE_TIMESTAMP"),
    669            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(zone=True),
    670            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    671            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_CHAR", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    672            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    673            exp.Trim: trim_sql,
    674            exp.TryCast: no_trycast_sql,
    675            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("+"),
    676            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _date_diff_sql,
    677            exp.UnixToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this),
    678            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "GEN_RANDOM_UUID()",
    679            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    680                "DATE_PART", exp.Literal.string("epoch"), e.this
    681            ),
    682            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    683            exp.Variance: rename_func("VAR_SAMP"),
    684            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    685            exp.Unicode: rename_func("ASCII"),
    686            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    687            exp.Levenshtein: _levenshtein_sql,
    688            exp.JSONObjectAgg: rename_func("JSON_OBJECT_AGG"),
    689            exp.JSONBObjectAgg: rename_func("JSONB_OBJECT_AGG"),
    690            exp.CountIf: count_if_to_sum,
    691        }
    692
    693        TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.CommentColumnConstraint)
    694
    695        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    696            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    697            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    698            exp.TransientProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    699            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    700        }
    701
    702        def round_sql(self, expression: exp.Round) -> str:
    703            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    704            decimals = self.sql(expression, "decimals")
    705
    706            if not decimals:
    707                return self.func("ROUND", this)
    708
    709            if not expression.type:
    710                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    711
    712                expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    713
    714            # ROUND(double precision, integer) is not permitted in Postgres
    715            # so it's necessary to cast to decimal before rounding.
    716            if expression.this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE):
    717                decimal_type = exp.DataType.build(
    718                    exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL, expressions=expression.expressions
    719                )
    720                this = self.sql(exp.Cast(this=this, to=decimal_type))
    721
    722            return self.func("ROUND", this, decimals)
    723
    724        def schemacommentproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.SchemaCommentProperty) -> str:
    725            self.unsupported("Table comments are not supported in the CREATE statement")
    726            return ""
    727
    728        def commentcolumnconstraint_sql(self, expression: exp.CommentColumnConstraint) -> str:
    729            self.unsupported("Column comments are not supported in the CREATE statement")
    730            return ""
    731
    732        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    733            if len(expression.expressions) == 1:
    734                arg = expression.expressions[0]
    735                if isinstance(arg, exp.GenerateDateArray):
    736                    generate_series: exp.Expression = exp.GenerateSeries(**arg.args)
    737                    if isinstance(expression.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join)):
    738                        generate_series = (
    739                            exp.select("value::date")
    740                            .from_(exp.Table(this=generate_series).as_("_t", table=["value"]))
    741                            .subquery(expression.args.get("alias") or "_unnested_generate_series")
    742                        )
    743                    return self.sql(generate_series)
    744
    745                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    746
    747                this = annotate_types(arg, dialect=self.dialect)
    748                if this.is_type("array<json>"):
    749                    while isinstance(this, exp.Cast):
    750                        this = this.this
    751
    752                    arg_as_json = self.sql(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
    753                    alias = self.sql(expression, "alias")
    754                    alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    755
    756                    if expression.args.get("offset"):
    757                        self.unsupported("Unsupported JSON_ARRAY_ELEMENTS with offset")
    758
    759                    return f"JSON_ARRAY_ELEMENTS({arg_as_json}){alias}"
    760
    761            return super().unnest_sql(expression)
    762
    763        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    764            """Forms like ARRAY[1, 2, 3][3] aren't allowed; we need to wrap the ARRAY."""
    765            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Array):
    766                expression.set("this", exp.paren(expression.this, copy=False))
    767
    768            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    769
    770        def matchagainst_sql(self, expression: exp.MatchAgainst) -> str:
    771            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    772            expressions = [f"{self.sql(e)} @@ {this}" for e in expression.expressions]
    773            sql = " OR ".join(expressions)
    774            return f"({sql})" if len(expressions) > 1 else sql
    775
    776        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    777            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    778            exprs = f"({exprs})" if exprs else ""
    779
    780            access_method = self.sql(expression, "access_method")
    781            access_method = f"ACCESS METHOD {access_method}" if access_method else ""
    782            tablespace = self.sql(expression, "tablespace")
    783            tablespace = f"TABLESPACE {tablespace}" if tablespace else ""
    784            option = self.sql(expression, "option")
    785
    786            return f"SET {exprs}{access_method}{tablespace}{option}"
    787
    788        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    789            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY):
    790                if expression.expressions:
    791                    values = self.expressions(expression, key="values", flat=True)
    792                    return f"{self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}[{values}]"
    793                return "ARRAY"
    794
    795            if (
    796                expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE, exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT)
    797                and expression.expressions
    798            ):
    799                # Postgres doesn't support precision for REAL and DOUBLE PRECISION types
    800                return f"FLOAT({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    801
    802            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    803
    804        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    805            this = expression.this
    806
    807            # Postgres casts DIV() to decimal for transpilation but when roundtripping it's superfluous
    808            if isinstance(this, exp.IntDiv) and expression.to == exp.DataType.build("decimal"):
    809                return self.sql(this)
    810
    811            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    812
    813        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    814            exprs = expression.expressions
    815            func_name = self.normalize_func("ARRAY")
    816
    817            if isinstance(seq_get(exprs, 0), exp.Select):
    818                return f"{func_name}({self.sql(exprs[0])})"
    819
    820            return f"{func_name}{inline_array_sql(self, expression)}"
    821
    822        def computedcolumnconstraint_sql(self, expression: exp.ComputedColumnConstraint) -> str:
    823            return f"GENERATED ALWAYS AS ({self.sql(expression, 'this')}) STORED"
    824
    825        def isascii_sql(self, expression: exp.IsAscii) -> str:
    826            return f"({self.sql(expression.this)} ~ '^[[:ascii:]]*$')"
    827
    828        @unsupported_args("this")
    829        def currentschema_sql(self, expression: exp.CurrentSchema) -> str:
    830            return "CURRENT_SCHEMA"
    831
    832        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    833            unit = expression.text("unit").lower()
    834
    835            if unit.startswith("quarter") and isinstance(expression.this, exp.Literal):
    836                expression.this.replace(exp.Literal.number(int(expression.this.to_py()) * 3))
    837                expression.args["unit"].replace(exp.var("MONTH"))
    838
    839            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    840
    841        def placeholder_sql(self, expression: exp.Placeholder) -> str:
    842            if expression.args.get("jdbc"):
    843                return "?"
    844
    845            this = f"({expression.name})" if expression.this else ""
    846            return f"{self.NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN}{this}s"
    847
    848        def arraycontains_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayContains) -> str:
    849            # Convert DuckDB's LIST_CONTAINS(array, value) to PostgreSQL
    850            # DuckDB behavior:
    851            #   - LIST_CONTAINS([1,2,3], 2) -> true
    852            #   - LIST_CONTAINS([1,2,3], 4) -> false
    853            #   - LIST_CONTAINS([1,2,NULL], 4) -> false (not NULL)
    854            #   - LIST_CONTAINS([1,2,3], NULL) -> NULL
    855            #
    856            # PostgreSQL equivalent: CASE WHEN value IS NULL THEN NULL
    857            #                            ELSE COALESCE(value = ANY(array), FALSE) END
    858            value = expression.expression
    859            array = expression.this
    860
    861            coalesce_expr = exp.Coalesce(
    862                this=value.eq(exp.Any(this=exp.paren(expression=array, copy=False))),
    863                expressions=[exp.false()],
    864            )
    865
    866            case_expr = (
    867                exp.Case()
    868                .when(exp.Is(this=value, expression=exp.null()), exp.null(), copy=False)
    869                .else_(coalesce_expr, copy=False)
    870            )
    871
    872            return self.sql(case_expr)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = '%'
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS = False
TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD = 'REPEATABLE'
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION = True
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES = True
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
SUPPORTS_WINDOW_EXCLUDE = True
COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD = False
ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED = True
SUPPORTS_BETWEEN_FLAGS = True
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.BLOB: 'BLOB'>: 'BYTEA', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'BYTEA', <Type.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'SMALLINT', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'DOUBLE PRECISION', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTEA', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTEA', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function json_path_key_only_name>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeWith'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConvertToCharset'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CredentialsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EnviromentProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Get'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContainsAnyTopKeys'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContainsAllTopKeys'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBDeleteAtPath'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByBucket'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionByTruncate'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PositionalColumn'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Put'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TableColumn'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingTemplateProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingData'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UtcDate'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UtcTime'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UtcTimestamp'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekStart'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function _versioned_anyvalue_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>: <function filter_array_using_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAndAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOrAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXorAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ColumnDef'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function no_paren_current_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function _date_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function _json_extract_sql.<locals>._generate>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function _json_extract_sql.<locals>._generate>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function no_last_day_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>: <function no_map_from_entries_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Merge'>: <function merge_without_target_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>: <function _substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function trim_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function no_trycast_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _date_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Postgres.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function _levenshtein_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBObjectAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>: <function count_if_to_sum>}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EnviromentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StorageHandlerProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingTemplateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>}
def round_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Round) -> str: View Source

    702        def round_sql(self, expression: exp.Round) -> str:
    703            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    704            decimals = self.sql(expression, "decimals")
    705
    706            if not decimals:
    707                return self.func("ROUND", this)
    708
    709            if not expression.type:
    710                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    711
    712                expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    713
    714            # ROUND(double precision, integer) is not permitted in Postgres
    715            # so it's necessary to cast to decimal before rounding.
    716            if expression.this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE):
    717                decimal_type = exp.DataType.build(
    718                    exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL, expressions=expression.expressions
    719                )
    720                this = self.sql(exp.Cast(this=this, to=decimal_type))
    721
    722            return self.func("ROUND", this, decimals)

def schemacommentproperty_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty) -> str: View Source

    724        def schemacommentproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.SchemaCommentProperty) -> str:
    725            self.unsupported("Table comments are not supported in the CREATE statement")
    726            return ""

def commentcolumnconstraint_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    728        def commentcolumnconstraint_sql(self, expression: exp.CommentColumnConstraint) -> str:
    729            self.unsupported("Column comments are not supported in the CREATE statement")
    730            return ""

def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    732        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    733            if len(expression.expressions) == 1:
    734                arg = expression.expressions[0]
    735                if isinstance(arg, exp.GenerateDateArray):
    736                    generate_series: exp.Expression = exp.GenerateSeries(**arg.args)
    737                    if isinstance(expression.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join)):
    738                        generate_series = (
    739                            exp.select("value::date")
    740                            .from_(exp.Table(this=generate_series).as_("_t", table=["value"]))
    741                            .subquery(expression.args.get("alias") or "_unnested_generate_series")
    742                        )
    743                    return self.sql(generate_series)
    744
    745                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    746
    747                this = annotate_types(arg, dialect=self.dialect)
    748                if this.is_type("array<json>"):
    749                    while isinstance(this, exp.Cast):
    750                        this = this.this
    751
    752                    arg_as_json = self.sql(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
    753                    alias = self.sql(expression, "alias")
    754                    alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    755
    756                    if expression.args.get("offset"):
    757                        self.unsupported("Unsupported JSON_ARRAY_ELEMENTS with offset")
    758
    759                    return f"JSON_ARRAY_ELEMENTS({arg_as_json}){alias}"
    760
    761            return super().unnest_sql(expression)

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str: View Source

    763        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    764            """Forms like ARRAY[1, 2, 3][3] aren't allowed; we need to wrap the ARRAY."""
    765            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Array):
    766                expression.set("this", exp.paren(expression.this, copy=False))
    767
    768            return super().bracket_sql(expression)

Forms like ARRAY[1, 2, 3][3] aren't allowed; we need to wrap the ARRAY.

def matchagainst_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst) -> str: View Source

    770        def matchagainst_sql(self, expression: exp.MatchAgainst) -> str:
    771            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    772            expressions = [f"{self.sql(e)} @@ {this}" for e in expression.expressions]
    773            sql = " OR ".join(expressions)
    774            return f"({sql})" if len(expressions) > 1 else sql

def alterset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AlterSet) -> str: View Source

    776        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    777            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    778            exprs = f"({exprs})" if exprs else ""
    779
    780            access_method = self.sql(expression, "access_method")
    781            access_method = f"ACCESS METHOD {access_method}" if access_method else ""
    782            tablespace = self.sql(expression, "tablespace")
    783            tablespace = f"TABLESPACE {tablespace}" if tablespace else ""
    784            option = self.sql(expression, "option")
    785
    786            return f"SET {exprs}{access_method}{tablespace}{option}"

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str: View Source

    788        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    789            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY):
    790                if expression.expressions:
    791                    values = self.expressions(expression, key="values", flat=True)
    792                    return f"{self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}[{values}]"
    793                return "ARRAY"
    794
    795            if (
    796                expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE, exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT)
    797                and expression.expressions
    798            ):
    799                # Postgres doesn't support precision for REAL and DOUBLE PRECISION types
    800                return f"FLOAT({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    801
    802            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

def cast_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cast, safe_prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> str: View Source

    804        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    805            this = expression.this
    806
    807            # Postgres casts DIV() to decimal for transpilation but when roundtripping it's superfluous
    808            if isinstance(this, exp.IntDiv) and expression.to == exp.DataType.build("decimal"):
    809                return self.sql(this)
    810
    811            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)

def array_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Array) -> str: View Source

    813        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    814            exprs = expression.expressions
    815            func_name = self.normalize_func("ARRAY")
    816
    817            if isinstance(seq_get(exprs, 0), exp.Select):
    818                return f"{func_name}({self.sql(exprs[0])})"
    819
    820            return f"{func_name}{inline_array_sql(self, expression)}"

def computedcolumnconstraint_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ComputedColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    822        def computedcolumnconstraint_sql(self, expression: exp.ComputedColumnConstraint) -> str:
    823            return f"GENERATED ALWAYS AS ({self.sql(expression, 'this')}) STORED"

def isascii_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.IsAscii) -> str: View Source

    825        def isascii_sql(self, expression: exp.IsAscii) -> str:
    826            return f"({self.sql(expression.this)} ~ '^[[:ascii:]]*$')"

@unsupported_args('this')
def currentschema_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CurrentSchema) -> str: View Source

    828        @unsupported_args("this")
    829        def currentschema_sql(self, expression: exp.CurrentSchema) -> str:
    830            return "CURRENT_SCHEMA"

def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str: View Source

    832        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    833            unit = expression.text("unit").lower()
    834
    835            if unit.startswith("quarter") and isinstance(expression.this, exp.Literal):
    836                expression.this.replace(exp.Literal.number(int(expression.this.to_py()) * 3))
    837                expression.args["unit"].replace(exp.var("MONTH"))
    838
    839            return super().interval_sql(expression)

def placeholder_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Placeholder) -> str: View Source

    841        def placeholder_sql(self, expression: exp.Placeholder) -> str:
    842            if expression.args.get("jdbc"):
    843                return "?"
    844
    845            this = f"({expression.name})" if expression.this else ""
    846            return f"{self.NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN}{this}s"

def arraycontains_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains) -> str: View Source

    848        def arraycontains_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayContains) -> str:
    849            # Convert DuckDB's LIST_CONTAINS(array, value) to PostgreSQL
    850            # DuckDB behavior:
    851            #   - LIST_CONTAINS([1,2,3], 2) -> true
    852            #   - LIST_CONTAINS([1,2,3], 4) -> false
    853            #   - LIST_CONTAINS([1,2,NULL], 4) -> false (not NULL)
    854            #   - LIST_CONTAINS([1,2,3], NULL) -> NULL
    855            #
    856            # PostgreSQL equivalent: CASE WHEN value IS NULL THEN NULL
    857            #                            ELSE COALESCE(value = ANY(array), FALSE) END
    858            value = expression.expression
    859            array = expression.this
    860
    861            coalesce_expr = exp.Coalesce(
    862                this=value.eq(exp.Any(this=exp.paren(expression=array, copy=False))),
    863                expressions=[exp.false()],
    864            )
    865
    866            case_expr = (
    867                exp.Case()
    868                .when(exp.Is(this=value, expression=exp.null()), exp.null(), copy=False)
    869                .else_(coalesce_expr, copy=False)
    870            )
    871
    872            return self.sql(case_expr)

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False
SUPPORTS_DECODE_CASE = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_FETCH
  LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  COLLATE_IS_FUNC
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  UNICODE_SUBSTITUTE
  STAR_EXCEPT
  HEX_FUNC
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS
  SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
  SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS
  ALTER_SET_WRAPPED
  NORMALIZE_EXTRACT_DATE_PARTS
  PARSE_JSON_NAME
  ARRAY_SIZE_NAME
  ALTER_SET_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_LIKE_QUANTIFIERS
  MATCH_AGAINST_TABLE_PREFIX
  UNSUPPORTED_TYPES
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  RESPECT_IGNORE_NULLS_UNSUPPORTED_EXPRESSIONS
  SAFE_JSON_PATH_KEY_RE
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  sanitize_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  limitoptions_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablefromrows_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  groupingsets_sql
  rollup_sql
  cube_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  queryband_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  for_modifiers
  queryoption_sql
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  formatphrase_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterindex_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  alterrename_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  alter_sql
  altersession_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  addpartition_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  safedivide_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  ilike_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  trycast_sql
  jsoncast_sql
  try_sql
  log_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  ceil_floor
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  whens_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  tonumber_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  duplicatekeyproperty_sql
  uniquekeyproperty_sql
  distributedbyproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  generateembedding_sql
  mltranslate_sql
  mlforecast_sql
  featuresattime_sql
  vectorsearch_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodatetime_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  struct_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql
  datadeletionproperty_sql
  maskingpolicycolumnconstraint_sql
  gapfill_sql
  scope_resolution
  scoperesolution_sql
  parsejson_sql
  rand_sql
  changes_sql
  pad_sql
  summarize_sql
  explodinggenerateseries_sql
  arrayconcat_sql
  converttimezone_sql
  json_sql
  jsonvalue_sql
  conditionalinsert_sql
  multitableinserts_sql
  oncondition_sql
  jsonextractquote_sql
  jsonexists_sql
  arrayagg_sql
  apply_sql
  grant_sql
  revoke_sql
  grantprivilege_sql
  grantprincipal_sql
  columns_sql
  overlay_sql
  todouble_sql
  string_sql
  median_sql
  overflowtruncatebehavior_sql
  unixseconds_sql
  arraysize_sql
  attach_sql
  detach_sql
  attachoption_sql
  watermarkcolumnconstraint_sql
  encodeproperty_sql
  includeproperty_sql
  xmlelement_sql
  xmlkeyvalueoption_sql
  partitionbyrangeproperty_sql
  partitionbyrangepropertydynamic_sql
  unpivotcolumns_sql
  analyzesample_sql
  analyzestatistics_sql
  analyzehistogram_sql
  analyzedelete_sql
  analyzelistchainedrows_sql
  analyzevalidate_sql
  analyze_sql
  xmltable_sql
  xmlnamespace_sql
  export_sql
  declare_sql
  declareitem_sql
  recursivewithsearch_sql
  parameterizedagg_sql
  anonymousaggfunc_sql
  combinedaggfunc_sql
  combinedparameterizedagg_sql
  show_sql
  install_sql
  get_put_sql
  translatecharacters_sql
  decodecase_sql
  semanticview_sql
  getextract_sql
  datefromunixdate_sql
  space_sql
  buildproperty_sql
  refreshtriggerproperty_sql
  modelattribute_sql