sqlglot.dialects.snowflake API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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       1from __future__ import annotations
       2
       3import typing as t
       4
       5from sqlglot import exp, generator, jsonpath, parser, tokens, transforms
       6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
       7    Dialect,
       8    NormalizationStrategy,
       9    binary_from_function,
      10    build_default_decimal_type,
      11    build_timestamp_from_parts,
      12    date_delta_sql,
      13    date_trunc_to_time,
      14    datestrtodate_sql,
      15    build_formatted_time,
      16    if_sql,
      17    inline_array_sql,
      18    max_or_greatest,
      19    min_or_least,
      20    rename_func,
      21    timestamptrunc_sql,
      22    timestrtotime_sql,
      23    var_map_sql,
      24    map_date_part,
      25    no_safe_divide_sql,
      26    no_timestamp_sql,
      27    timestampdiff_sql,
      28    no_make_interval_sql,
      29)
      30from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
      31from sqlglot.helper import flatten, is_float, is_int, seq_get
      32from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
      33
      34if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
      35    from sqlglot._typing import E, B
      36
      37
      38# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
      39def _build_datetime(
      40    name: str, kind: exp.DataType.Type, safe: bool = False
      41) -> t.Callable[[t.List], exp.Func]:
      42    def _builder(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
      43        value = seq_get(args, 0)
      44        scale_or_fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
      45
      46        int_value = value is not None and is_int(value.name)
      47        int_scale_or_fmt = scale_or_fmt is not None and scale_or_fmt.is_int
      48
      49        if isinstance(value, exp.Literal) or (value and scale_or_fmt):
      50            # Converts calls like `TO_TIME('01:02:03')` into casts
      51            if len(args) == 1 and value.is_string and not int_value:
      52                return (
      53                    exp.TryCast(this=value, to=exp.DataType.build(kind))
      54                    if safe
      55                    else exp.cast(value, kind)
      56                )
      57
      58            # Handles `TO_TIMESTAMP(str, fmt)` and `TO_TIMESTAMP(num, scale)` as special
      59            # cases so we can transpile them, since they're relatively common
      60            if kind == exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP:
      61                if not safe and (int_value or int_scale_or_fmt):
      62                    # TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP('integer') is not parsed into exp.UnixToTime as
      63                    # it's not easily transpilable
      64                    return exp.UnixToTime(this=value, scale=scale_or_fmt)
      65                if not int_scale_or_fmt and not is_float(value.name):
      66                    expr = build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
      67                    expr.set("safe", safe)
      68                    return expr
      69
      70        if kind == exp.DataType.Type.DATE and not int_value:
      71            formatted_exp = build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "snowflake")(args)
      72            formatted_exp.set("safe", safe)
      73            return formatted_exp
      74
      75        return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
      76
      77    return _builder
      78
      79
      80def _build_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
      81    expression = parser.build_var_map(args)
      82
      83    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
      84        return expression
      85
      86    return exp.Struct(
      87        expressions=[
      88            exp.PropertyEQ(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
      89        ]
      90    )
      91
      92
      93def _build_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
      94    return exp.DateDiff(
      95        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
      96    )
      97
      98
      99def _build_date_time_add(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
     100    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
     101        return expr_type(
     102            this=seq_get(args, 2),
     103            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
     104            unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
     105        )
     106
     107    return _builder
     108
     109
     110def _build_bitwise(expr_type: t.Type[B], name: str) -> t.Callable[[t.List], B | exp.Anonymous]:
     111    def _builder(args: t.List) -> B | exp.Anonymous:
     112        if len(args) == 3:
     113            return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
     114
     115        return binary_from_function(expr_type)(args)
     116
     117    return _builder
     118
     119
     120# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
     121def _build_if_from_div0(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     122    lhs = exp._wrap(seq_get(args, 0), exp.Binary)
     123    rhs = exp._wrap(seq_get(args, 1), exp.Binary)
     124
     125    cond = exp.EQ(this=rhs, expression=exp.Literal.number(0)).and_(
     126        exp.Is(this=lhs, expression=exp.null()).not_()
     127    )
     128    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
     129    false = exp.Div(this=lhs, expression=rhs)
     130    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
     131
     132
     133# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     134def _build_if_from_zeroifnull(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     135    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
     136    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     137
     138
     139# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     140def _build_if_from_nullifzero(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     141    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
     142    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     143
     144
     145def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
     146    flag = expression.text("flag")
     147
     148    if "i" not in flag:
     149        flag += "i"
     150
     151    return self.func(
     152        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
     153    )
     154
     155
     156def _build_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
     157    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
     158
     159    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
     160        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
     161
     162    return regexp_replace
     163
     164
     165def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
     166    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
     167        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
     168
     169    return _parse
     170
     171
     172def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
     173    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
     174    trunc.set("unit", map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
     175    return trunc
     176
     177
     178def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     179    """
     180    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
     181    so we need to unqualify them.
     182
     183    Example:
     184        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
     185        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
     186        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
     187        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
     188    """
     189    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
     190        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
     191
     192    return expression
     193
     194
     195def _flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     196    assert isinstance(expression, exp.Create)
     197
     198    def _flatten_structured_type(expression: exp.DataType) -> exp.DataType:
     199        if expression.this in exp.DataType.NESTED_TYPES:
     200            expression.set("expressions", None)
     201        return expression
     202
     203    props = expression.args.get("properties")
     204    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Schema) and not (props and props.find(exp.IcebergProperty)):
     205        for schema_expression in expression.this.expressions:
     206            if isinstance(schema_expression, exp.ColumnDef):
     207                column_type = schema_expression.kind
     208                if isinstance(column_type, exp.DataType):
     209                    column_type.transform(_flatten_structured_type, copy=False)
     210
     211    return expression
     212
     213
     214def _unnest_generate_date_array(unnest: exp.Unnest) -> None:
     215    generate_date_array = unnest.expressions[0]
     216    start = generate_date_array.args.get("start")
     217    end = generate_date_array.args.get("end")
     218    step = generate_date_array.args.get("step")
     219
     220    if not start or not end or not isinstance(step, exp.Interval) or step.name != "1":
     221        return
     222
     223    unit = step.args.get("unit")
     224
     225    unnest_alias = unnest.args.get("alias")
     226    if unnest_alias:
     227        unnest_alias = unnest_alias.copy()
     228        sequence_value_name = seq_get(unnest_alias.columns, 0) or "value"
     229    else:
     230        sequence_value_name = "value"
     231
     232    # We'll add the next sequence value to the starting date and project the result
     233    date_add = _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd)(
     234        [unit, exp.cast(sequence_value_name, "int"), exp.cast(start, "date")]
     235    ).as_(sequence_value_name)
     236
     237    # We use DATEDIFF to compute the number of sequence values needed
     238    number_sequence = Snowflake.Parser.FUNCTIONS["ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE"](
     239        [exp.Literal.number(0), _build_datediff([unit, start, end]) + 1]
     240    )
     241
     242    unnest.set("expressions", [number_sequence])
     243    unnest.replace(exp.select(date_add).from_(unnest.copy()).subquery(unnest_alias))
     244
     245
     246def _transform_generate_date_array(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     247    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
     248        for generate_date_array in expression.find_all(exp.GenerateDateArray):
     249            parent = generate_date_array.parent
     250
     251            # If GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY is used directly as an array (e.g passed into ARRAY_LENGTH), the transformed Snowflake
     252            # query is the following (it'll be unnested properly on the next iteration due to copy):
     253            # SELECT ref(GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY(...)) -> SELECT ref((SELECT ARRAY_AGG(*) FROM UNNEST(GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY(...))))
     254            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Unnest):
     255                unnest = exp.Unnest(expressions=[generate_date_array.copy()])
     256                generate_date_array.replace(
     257                    exp.select(exp.ArrayAgg(this=exp.Star())).from_(unnest).subquery()
     258                )
     259
     260            if (
     261                isinstance(parent, exp.Unnest)
     262                and isinstance(parent.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join))
     263                and len(parent.expressions) == 1
     264            ):
     265                _unnest_generate_date_array(parent)
     266
     267    return expression
     268
     269
     270def _build_regexp_extract(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
     271    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
     272        return expr_type(
     273            this=seq_get(args, 0),
     274            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
     275            position=seq_get(args, 2),
     276            occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
     277            parameters=seq_get(args, 4),
     278            group=seq_get(args, 5) or exp.Literal.number(0),
     279        )
     280
     281    return _builder
     282
     283
     284def _regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract | exp.RegexpExtractAll) -> str:
     285    # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     286    # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     287    group = expression.args.get("group")
     288
     289    # To avoid generating all these default values, we set group to None if
     290    # it's 0 (also default value) which doesn't trigger the following chain
     291    if group and group.name == "0":
     292        group = None
     293
     294    parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
     295    occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
     296    position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
     297
     298    return self.func(
     299        "REGEXP_SUBSTR" if isinstance(expression, exp.RegexpExtract) else "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL",
     300        expression.this,
     301        expression.expression,
     302        position,
     303        occurrence,
     304        parameters,
     305        group,
     306    )
     307
     308
     309def _json_extract_value_array_sql(
     310    self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.JSONValueArray | exp.JSONExtractArray
     311) -> str:
     312    json_extract = exp.JSONExtract(this=expression.this, expression=expression.expression)
     313    ident = exp.to_identifier("x")
     314
     315    if isinstance(expression, exp.JSONValueArray):
     316        this: exp.Expression = exp.cast(ident, to=exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
     317    else:
     318        this = exp.ParseJSON(this=f"TO_JSON({ident})")
     319
     320    transform_lambda = exp.Lambda(expressions=[ident], this=this)
     321
     322    return self.func("TRANSFORM", json_extract, transform_lambda)
     323
     324
     325class Snowflake(Dialect):
     326    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     327    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     328    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     329    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     330    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     331    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     332    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     333    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     334    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     335    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
     336
     337    TIME_MAPPING = {
     338        "YYYY": "%Y",
     339        "yyyy": "%Y",
     340        "YY": "%y",
     341        "yy": "%y",
     342        "MMMM": "%B",
     343        "mmmm": "%B",
     344        "MON": "%b",
     345        "mon": "%b",
     346        "MM": "%m",
     347        "mm": "%m",
     348        "DD": "%d",
     349        "dd": "%-d",
     350        "DY": "%a",
     351        "dy": "%w",
     352        "HH24": "%H",
     353        "hh24": "%H",
     354        "HH12": "%I",
     355        "hh12": "%I",
     356        "MI": "%M",
     357        "mi": "%M",
     358        "SS": "%S",
     359        "ss": "%S",
     360        "FF": "%f",
     361        "ff": "%f",
     362        "FF6": "%f",
     363        "ff6": "%f",
     364    }
     365
     366    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     367        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     368        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     369        if (
     370            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     371            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     372            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     373        ):
     374            return expression  # type: ignore
     375
     376        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     377
     378    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
     379        SINGLE_TOKENS = jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
     380        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("$")
     381
     382    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     383        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     384        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     385        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
     386
     387        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     388            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     389            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     390        }
     391
     392        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     393        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     394
     395        FUNCTIONS = {
     396            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     397            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     398            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
     399            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     400                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     401            ),
     402            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     403                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     404                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     405                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     406                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     407            ),
     408            "BITXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
     409            "BIT_XOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
     410            "BITOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
     411            "BIT_OR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
     412            "BITSHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BITSHIFTLEFT"),
     413            "BIT_SHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BIT_SHIFTLEFT"),
     414            "BITSHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
     415            "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT"),
     416            "BOOLXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.Xor, "BOOLXOR"),
     417            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     418            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     419            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     420            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     421            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     422            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
     423                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
     424            ),
     425            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     426            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     427                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     428            ),
     429            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     430            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     431                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     432            ),
     433            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     434            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     435            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     436            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     437            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     438            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     439            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     440            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     441            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     442            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     443            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     444            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     445            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     446            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     447            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     448            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     449            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     450            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     451            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     452            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
     453            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     454            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
     455                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
     456            ),
     457            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     458            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     459                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     460                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     461                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     462                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     463            ),
     464            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     465            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     466            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     467            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     468            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     469            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     470            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     471        }
     472
     473        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     474            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     475            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     476            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     477        }
     478        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     479
     480        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     481
     482        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     483            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     484            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     485            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     486        }
     487
     488        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     489            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     490            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     491                exp.Set,
     492                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     493                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     494                unset=True,
     495            ),
     496        }
     497
     498        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     499            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     500            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     501        }
     502
     503        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     504            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     505            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     506            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_tag(),
     507        }
     508
     509        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
     510            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     511            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     512        }
     513
     514        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     515            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     516            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     517            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     518            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     519            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     520            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     521            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     522            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     523            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     524            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     525            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     526            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     527            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     528            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     529            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     530            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     531            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     532            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     533            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     534        }
     535
     536        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     537            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     538            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     539            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     540            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     541            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     542        }
     543
     544        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     545            TokenType.DOT,
     546            TokenType.MOD,
     547            TokenType.SLASH,
     548        }
     549
     550        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     551
     552        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     553
     554        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
     555
     556        LAMBDAS = {
     557            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     558            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     559                exp.Lambda,
     560                this=self._replace_lambda(
     561                    self._parse_assignment(),
     562                    expressions,
     563                ),
     564                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     565            ),
     566        }
     567
     568        def _negate_range(
     569            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     570        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     571            if not this:
     572                return this
     573
     574            query = this.args.get("query")
     575            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
     576                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
     577                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
     578                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
     579                #
     580                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
     581                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
     582                return self.expression(
     583                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
     584                )
     585
     586            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
     587
     588        def _parse_tag(self) -> exp.Tags:
     589            return self.expression(
     590                exp.Tags,
     591                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
     592            )
     593
     594        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     595            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
     596                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
     597
     598            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
     599                policy = self._parse_column()
     600                return self.expression(
     601                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
     602                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     603                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
     604                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     605                )
     606            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
     607                policy = self._parse_column()
     608                return self.expression(
     609                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
     610                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     611                )
     612            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     613                return self._parse_tag()
     614
     615            return None
     616
     617        def _parse_with_property(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression] | t.List[exp.Expression]:
     618            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     619                return self._parse_tag()
     620
     621            return super()._parse_with_property()
     622
     623        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     624            expression = super()._parse_create()
     625            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
     626                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     627                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     628
     629            return expression
     630
     631        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     632        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     633        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     634            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     635
     636            if not this:
     637                return None
     638
     639            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     640            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     641            this = map_date_part(this)
     642            name = this.name.upper()
     643
     644            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     645                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     646                    scale = 10**3
     647                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     648                    scale = 10**6
     649                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     650                    scale = 10**9
     651                else:
     652                    scale = None
     653
     654                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     655                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     656
     657                if scale:
     658                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     659
     660                return to_unix
     661
     662            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     663
     664        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     665            if is_map:
     666                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     667                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     668                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     669                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     670
     671            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
     672
     673        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     674            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     675            if not lateral:
     676                return lateral
     677
     678            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     679                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     680                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     681                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     682                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     683                elif not table_alias:
     684                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     685
     686            return lateral
     687
     688        def _parse_table_parts(
     689            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     690        ) -> exp.Table:
     691            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     692            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     693                table = self._parse_string()
     694            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     695                table = self._parse_location_path()
     696            else:
     697                table = None
     698
     699            if table:
     700                file_format = None
     701                pattern = None
     702
     703                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     704                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     705                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     706                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     707                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     708                        )
     709                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     710                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     711                    else:
     712                        break
     713
     714                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     715
     716                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     717            else:
     718                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     719
     720            return table
     721
     722        def _parse_id_var(
     723            self,
     724            any_token: bool = True,
     725            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     726        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     727            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     728                identifier = (
     729                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     730                    or self._parse_string()
     731                )
     732                self._match_r_paren()
     733                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     734
     735            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     736
     737        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     738            scope = None
     739            scope_kind = None
     740
     741            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     742            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     743            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     744
     745            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     746
     747            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     748
     749            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     750                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     751                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     752                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     753                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     754                    if self._curr:
     755                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     756                elif self._curr:
     757                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     758                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     759
     760            return self.expression(
     761                exp.Show,
     762                **{
     763                    "terse": terse,
     764                    "this": this,
     765                    "history": history,
     766                    "like": like,
     767                    "scope": scope,
     768                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     769                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     770                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     771                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     772                },
     773            )
     774
     775        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     776            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     777            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     778
     779        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     780            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     781            return (
     782                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
     783                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     784                else self._parse_table_parts()
     785            )
     786
     787        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     788            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     789
     790            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     791            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     792            # in case of subqueries
     793            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     794                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     795            ):
     796                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     797
     798            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     799
     800        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     801            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     802
     803            if not this:
     804                return this
     805
     806            typ = self._parse_types()
     807
     808            if typ:
     809                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     810
     811            return this
     812
     813        def _parse_foreign_key(self) -> exp.ForeignKey:
     814            # inlineFK, the REFERENCES columns are implied
     815            if self._match(TokenType.REFERENCES, advance=False):
     816                return self.expression(exp.ForeignKey)
     817
     818            # outoflineFK, explicitly names the columns
     819            return super()._parse_foreign_key()
     820
     821    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     822        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     823        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     824        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     825        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     826        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
     827
     828        KEYWORDS = {
     829            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     830            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     831            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     832            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     833            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     834            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     835            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     836            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     837            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     838            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     839            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     840            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     841            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     842            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     843            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     844            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     845            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     846            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     847            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     848            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     849            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     850            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
     851            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
     852        }
     853        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     854
     855        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     856            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     857            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     858        }
     859
     860        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     861
     862        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     863
     864    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     865        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     866        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     867        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     868        JOIN_HINTS = False
     869        TABLE_HINTS = False
     870        QUERY_HINTS = False
     871        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     872        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     873        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     874        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     875        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     876        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     877        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     878        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     879        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     880        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     881        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     882        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     883        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     884        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     885        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
     886        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
     887
     888        TRANSFORMS = {
     889            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     890            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     891            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     892            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     893            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     894            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     895            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     896            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     897                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     898            ),
     899            exp.BitwiseOr: rename_func("BITOR"),
     900            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     901            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTLEFT"),
     902            exp.BitwiseRightShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
     903            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     904            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     905            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     906            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     907            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
     908            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     909            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     910            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     911            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     912            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     913            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     914            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     915                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     916            ),
     917            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     918                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     919            ),
     920            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     921            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     922            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     923            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     924                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     925            ),
     926            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     927            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     928            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     929            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     930            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     931            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     932            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
     933            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     934            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     935            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     936                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     937            ),
     938            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     939            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     940                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     941            ),
     942            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     943                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     944            ),
     945            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     946            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
     947            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
     948            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     949            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     950            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     951                [
     952                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     953                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     954                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     955                    _transform_generate_date_array,
     956                ]
     957            ),
     958            exp.SafeDivide: lambda self, e: no_safe_divide_sql(self, e, "IFF"),
     959            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     960            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     961            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     962            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     963                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     964            ),
     965            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     966            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     967            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     968            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
     969            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     970            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     971                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     972            ),
     973            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     974            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     975            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     976            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     977            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     978            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
     979            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     980            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     981            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     982                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     983            ),
     984            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     985            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
     986            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     987            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     988            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     989            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
     990                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
     991            ),
     992        }
     993
     994        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     995            exp.JSONPathKey,
     996            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     997            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     998        }
     999
    1000        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    1001            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    1002            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
    1003            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
    1004        }
    1005
    1006        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    1007            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    1008            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1009            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1010        }
    1011
    1012        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
    1013            exp.Map,
    1014            exp.StarMap,
    1015            exp.Struct,
    1016            exp.VarMap,
    1017        }
    1018
    1019        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    1020            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
    1021
    1022        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    1023            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    1024                values_as_table = False
    1025
    1026            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
    1027
    1028        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    1029            expressions = expression.expressions
    1030            if (
    1031                expressions
    1032                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    1033                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    1034            ):
    1035                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    1036                return "OBJECT"
    1037
    1038            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    1039
    1040        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    1041            return self.func(
    1042                "TO_NUMBER",
    1043                expression.this,
    1044                expression.args.get("format"),
    1045                expression.args.get("precision"),
    1046                expression.args.get("scale"),
    1047            )
    1048
    1049        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    1050            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    1051            if milli is not None:
    1052                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    1053                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    1054
    1055            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    1056
    1057        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1058            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1059                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1060            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1061                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1062
    1063            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    1064
    1065        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1066            value = expression.this
    1067
    1068            if value.type is None:
    1069                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1070
    1071                value = annotate_types(value)
    1072
    1073            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1074                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1075
    1076            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1077            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    1078
    1079        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1080            if not expression.expression:
    1081                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1082
    1083            return super().log_sql(expression)
    1084
    1085        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1086            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1087            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1088
    1089            columns = [
    1090                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1091                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1092                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1093                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1094                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1095                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1096                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1097            ]
    1098
    1099            if unnest_alias:
    1100                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1101            else:
    1102                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1103
    1104            table_input = self.sql(expression.expressions[0])
    1105            if not table_input.startswith("INPUT =>"):
    1106                table_input = f"INPUT => {table_input}"
    1107
    1108            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN({table_input}))"
    1109            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1110            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1111            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    1112
    1113        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1114            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1115            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1116            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1117            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1118
    1119            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1120            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1121
    1122            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1123            if scope_kind:
    1124                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1125
    1126            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1127            if starts_with:
    1128                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1129
    1130            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1131
    1132            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1133            if from_:
    1134                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1135
    1136            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    1137
    1138        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1139            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1140            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1141            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1142            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1143            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1144            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1145            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1146
    1147        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1148            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1149        ) -> str:
    1150            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1151            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1152            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1153            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1154            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1155
    1156        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1157            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1158
    1159        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1160            keys = []
    1161            values = []
    1162
    1163            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1164                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1165                    keys.append(
    1166                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1167                    )
    1168                    values.append(e.expression)
    1169                else:
    1170                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1171                    values.append(e)
    1172
    1173            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1174
    1175        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1176        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1177            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1178
    1179        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1180            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1181            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1182            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1183            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1184            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1185            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1186            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1187            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1188
    1189            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
    1190
    1191        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1192            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1193            return self.func(
    1194                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1195            )
    1196
    1197        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1198            return self.sql(
    1199                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1200                    this=expression.this,
    1201                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1202                    unit=expression.unit,
    1203                )
    1204            )
    1205
    1206        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1207            this = expression.this
    1208
    1209            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1210            return self.func(
    1211                "GET_PATH",
    1212                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1213                expression.expression,
    1214            )
    1215
    1216        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1217            this = expression.this
    1218            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1219                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1220
    1221            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))
    1222
    1223        def datesub_sql(self, expression: exp.DateSub) -> str:
    1224            value = expression.expression
    1225            if value:
    1226                value.replace(value * (-1))
    1227            else:
    1228                self.unsupported("DateSub cannot be transpiled if the subtracted count is unknown")
    1229
    1230            return date_delta_sql("DATEADD")(self, expression)
    1231
    1232        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    1233            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
    1234            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1235            if offset and not limit:
    1236                expression.limit(exp.Null(), copy=False)
    1237            return super().select_sql(expression)

class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

     326class Snowflake(Dialect):
     327    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     328    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     329    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     330    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     331    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     332    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     333    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     334    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     335    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     336    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
     337
     338    TIME_MAPPING = {
     339        "YYYY": "%Y",
     340        "yyyy": "%Y",
     341        "YY": "%y",
     342        "yy": "%y",
     343        "MMMM": "%B",
     344        "mmmm": "%B",
     345        "MON": "%b",
     346        "mon": "%b",
     347        "MM": "%m",
     348        "mm": "%m",
     349        "DD": "%d",
     350        "dd": "%-d",
     351        "DY": "%a",
     352        "dy": "%w",
     353        "HH24": "%H",
     354        "hh24": "%H",
     355        "HH12": "%I",
     356        "hh12": "%I",
     357        "MI": "%M",
     358        "mi": "%M",
     359        "SS": "%S",
     360        "ss": "%S",
     361        "FF": "%f",
     362        "ff": "%f",
     363        "FF6": "%f",
     364        "ff6": "%f",
     365    }
     366
     367    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     368        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     369        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     370        if (
     371            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     372            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     373            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     374        ):
     375            return expression  # type: ignore
     376
     377        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     378
     379    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
     380        SINGLE_TOKENS = jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
     381        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("$")
     382
     383    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     384        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     385        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     386        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
     387
     388        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     389            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     390            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     391        }
     392
     393        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     394        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     395
     396        FUNCTIONS = {
     397            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     398            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     399            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
     400            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     401                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     402            ),
     403            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     404                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     405                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     406                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     407                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     408            ),
     409            "BITXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
     410            "BIT_XOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
     411            "BITOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
     412            "BIT_OR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
     413            "BITSHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BITSHIFTLEFT"),
     414            "BIT_SHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BIT_SHIFTLEFT"),
     415            "BITSHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
     416            "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT"),
     417            "BOOLXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.Xor, "BOOLXOR"),
     418            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     419            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     420            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     421            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     422            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     423            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
     424                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
     425            ),
     426            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     427            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     428                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     429            ),
     430            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     431            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     432                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     433            ),
     434            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     435            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     436            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     437            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     438            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     439            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     440            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     441            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     442            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     443            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     444            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     445            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     446            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     447            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     448            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     449            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     450            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     451            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     452            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     453            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
     454            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     455            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
     456                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
     457            ),
     458            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     459            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     460                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     461                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     462                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     463                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     464            ),
     465            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     466            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     467            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     468            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     469            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     470            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     471            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     472        }
     473
     474        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     475            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     476            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     477            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     478        }
     479        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     480
     481        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     482
     483        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     484            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     485            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     486            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     487        }
     488
     489        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     490            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     491            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     492                exp.Set,
     493                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     494                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     495                unset=True,
     496            ),
     497        }
     498
     499        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     500            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     501            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     502        }
     503
     504        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     505            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     506            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     507            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_tag(),
     508        }
     509
     510        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
     511            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     512            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     513        }
     514
     515        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     516            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     517            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     518            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     519            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     520            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     521            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     522            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     523            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     524            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     525            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     526            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     527            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     528            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     529            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     530            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     531            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     532            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     533            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     534            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     535        }
     536
     537        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     538            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     539            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     540            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     541            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     542            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     543        }
     544
     545        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     546            TokenType.DOT,
     547            TokenType.MOD,
     548            TokenType.SLASH,
     549        }
     550
     551        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     552
     553        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     554
     555        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
     556
     557        LAMBDAS = {
     558            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     559            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     560                exp.Lambda,
     561                this=self._replace_lambda(
     562                    self._parse_assignment(),
     563                    expressions,
     564                ),
     565                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     566            ),
     567        }
     568
     569        def _negate_range(
     570            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     571        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     572            if not this:
     573                return this
     574
     575            query = this.args.get("query")
     576            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
     577                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
     578                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
     579                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
     580                #
     581                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
     582                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
     583                return self.expression(
     584                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
     585                )
     586
     587            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
     588
     589        def _parse_tag(self) -> exp.Tags:
     590            return self.expression(
     591                exp.Tags,
     592                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
     593            )
     594
     595        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     596            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
     597                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
     598
     599            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
     600                policy = self._parse_column()
     601                return self.expression(
     602                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
     603                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     604                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
     605                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     606                )
     607            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
     608                policy = self._parse_column()
     609                return self.expression(
     610                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
     611                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     612                )
     613            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     614                return self._parse_tag()
     615
     616            return None
     617
     618        def _parse_with_property(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression] | t.List[exp.Expression]:
     619            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     620                return self._parse_tag()
     621
     622            return super()._parse_with_property()
     623
     624        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     625            expression = super()._parse_create()
     626            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
     627                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     628                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     629
     630            return expression
     631
     632        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     633        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     634        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     635            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     636
     637            if not this:
     638                return None
     639
     640            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     641            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     642            this = map_date_part(this)
     643            name = this.name.upper()
     644
     645            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     646                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     647                    scale = 10**3
     648                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     649                    scale = 10**6
     650                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     651                    scale = 10**9
     652                else:
     653                    scale = None
     654
     655                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     656                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     657
     658                if scale:
     659                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     660
     661                return to_unix
     662
     663            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     664
     665        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     666            if is_map:
     667                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     668                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     669                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     670                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     671
     672            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
     673
     674        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     675            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     676            if not lateral:
     677                return lateral
     678
     679            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     680                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     681                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     682                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     683                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     684                elif not table_alias:
     685                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     686
     687            return lateral
     688
     689        def _parse_table_parts(
     690            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     691        ) -> exp.Table:
     692            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     693            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     694                table = self._parse_string()
     695            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     696                table = self._parse_location_path()
     697            else:
     698                table = None
     699
     700            if table:
     701                file_format = None
     702                pattern = None
     703
     704                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     705                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     706                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     707                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     708                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     709                        )
     710                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     711                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     712                    else:
     713                        break
     714
     715                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     716
     717                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     718            else:
     719                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     720
     721            return table
     722
     723        def _parse_id_var(
     724            self,
     725            any_token: bool = True,
     726            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     727        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     728            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     729                identifier = (
     730                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     731                    or self._parse_string()
     732                )
     733                self._match_r_paren()
     734                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     735
     736            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     737
     738        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     739            scope = None
     740            scope_kind = None
     741
     742            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     743            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     744            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     745
     746            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     747
     748            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     749
     750            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     751                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     752                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     753                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     754                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     755                    if self._curr:
     756                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     757                elif self._curr:
     758                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     759                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     760
     761            return self.expression(
     762                exp.Show,
     763                **{
     764                    "terse": terse,
     765                    "this": this,
     766                    "history": history,
     767                    "like": like,
     768                    "scope": scope,
     769                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     770                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     771                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     772                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     773                },
     774            )
     775
     776        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     777            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     778            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     779
     780        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     781            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     782            return (
     783                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
     784                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     785                else self._parse_table_parts()
     786            )
     787
     788        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     789            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     790
     791            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     792            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     793            # in case of subqueries
     794            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     795                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     796            ):
     797                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     798
     799            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     800
     801        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     802            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     803
     804            if not this:
     805                return this
     806
     807            typ = self._parse_types()
     808
     809            if typ:
     810                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     811
     812            return this
     813
     814        def _parse_foreign_key(self) -> exp.ForeignKey:
     815            # inlineFK, the REFERENCES columns are implied
     816            if self._match(TokenType.REFERENCES, advance=False):
     817                return self.expression(exp.ForeignKey)
     818
     819            # outoflineFK, explicitly names the columns
     820            return super()._parse_foreign_key()
     821
     822    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     823        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     824        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     825        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     826        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     827        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
     828
     829        KEYWORDS = {
     830            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     831            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     832            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     833            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     834            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     835            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     836            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     837            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     838            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     839            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     840            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     841            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     842            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     843            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     844            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     845            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     846            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     847            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     848            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     849            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     850            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     851            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
     852            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
     853        }
     854        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     855
     856        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     857            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     858            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     859        }
     860
     861        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     862
     863        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     864
     865    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     866        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     867        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     868        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     869        JOIN_HINTS = False
     870        TABLE_HINTS = False
     871        QUERY_HINTS = False
     872        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     873        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     874        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     875        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     876        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     877        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     878        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     879        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     880        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     881        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     882        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     883        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     884        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     885        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     886        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
     887        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
     888
     889        TRANSFORMS = {
     890            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     891            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     892            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     893            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     894            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     895            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     896            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     897            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     898                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     899            ),
     900            exp.BitwiseOr: rename_func("BITOR"),
     901            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     902            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTLEFT"),
     903            exp.BitwiseRightShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
     904            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     905            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     906            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     907            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     908            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
     909            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     910            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     911            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     912            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     913            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     914            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     915            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     916                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     917            ),
     918            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     919                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     920            ),
     921            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     922            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     923            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     924            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     925                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     926            ),
     927            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     928            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     929            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     930            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     931            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     932            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     933            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
     934            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     935            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     936            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     937                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     938            ),
     939            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     940            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     941                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     942            ),
     943            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     944                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     945            ),
     946            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     947            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
     948            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
     949            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     950            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     951            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     952                [
     953                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     954                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     955                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     956                    _transform_generate_date_array,
     957                ]
     958            ),
     959            exp.SafeDivide: lambda self, e: no_safe_divide_sql(self, e, "IFF"),
     960            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     961            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     962            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     963            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     964                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     965            ),
     966            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     967            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     968            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     969            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
     970            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     971            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     972                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     973            ),
     974            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     975            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     976            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     977            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     978            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     979            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
     980            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     981            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     982            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     983                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     984            ),
     985            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     986            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
     987            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     988            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     989            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     990            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
     991                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
     992            ),
     993        }
     994
     995        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     996            exp.JSONPathKey,
     997            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     998            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     999        }
    1000
    1001        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    1002            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    1003            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
    1004            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
    1005        }
    1006
    1007        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    1008            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    1009            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1010            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1011        }
    1012
    1013        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
    1014            exp.Map,
    1015            exp.StarMap,
    1016            exp.Struct,
    1017            exp.VarMap,
    1018        }
    1019
    1020        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    1021            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
    1022
    1023        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    1024            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    1025                values_as_table = False
    1026
    1027            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
    1028
    1029        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    1030            expressions = expression.expressions
    1031            if (
    1032                expressions
    1033                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    1034                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    1035            ):
    1036                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    1037                return "OBJECT"
    1038
    1039            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    1040
    1041        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    1042            return self.func(
    1043                "TO_NUMBER",
    1044                expression.this,
    1045                expression.args.get("format"),
    1046                expression.args.get("precision"),
    1047                expression.args.get("scale"),
    1048            )
    1049
    1050        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    1051            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    1052            if milli is not None:
    1053                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    1054                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    1055
    1056            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    1057
    1058        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1059            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1060                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1061            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1062                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1063
    1064            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    1065
    1066        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1067            value = expression.this
    1068
    1069            if value.type is None:
    1070                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1071
    1072                value = annotate_types(value)
    1073
    1074            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1075                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1076
    1077            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1078            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    1079
    1080        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1081            if not expression.expression:
    1082                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1083
    1084            return super().log_sql(expression)
    1085
    1086        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1087            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1088            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1089
    1090            columns = [
    1091                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1092                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1093                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1094                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1095                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1096                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1097                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1098            ]
    1099
    1100            if unnest_alias:
    1101                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1102            else:
    1103                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1104
    1105            table_input = self.sql(expression.expressions[0])
    1106            if not table_input.startswith("INPUT =>"):
    1107                table_input = f"INPUT => {table_input}"
    1108
    1109            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN({table_input}))"
    1110            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1111            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1112            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    1113
    1114        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1115            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1116            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1117            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1118            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1119
    1120            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1121            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1122
    1123            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1124            if scope_kind:
    1125                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1126
    1127            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1128            if starts_with:
    1129                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1130
    1131            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1132
    1133            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1134            if from_:
    1135                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1136
    1137            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    1138
    1139        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1140            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1141            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1142            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1143            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1144            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1145            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1146            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1147
    1148        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1149            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1150        ) -> str:
    1151            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1152            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1153            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1154            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1155            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1156
    1157        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1158            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1159
    1160        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1161            keys = []
    1162            values = []
    1163
    1164            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1165                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1166                    keys.append(
    1167                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1168                    )
    1169                    values.append(e.expression)
    1170                else:
    1171                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1172                    values.append(e)
    1173
    1174            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1175
    1176        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1177        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1178            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1179
    1180        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1181            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1182            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1183            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1184            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1185            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1186            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1187            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1188            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1189
    1190            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
    1191
    1192        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1193            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1194            return self.func(
    1195                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1196            )
    1197
    1198        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1199            return self.sql(
    1200                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1201                    this=expression.this,
    1202                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1203                    unit=expression.unit,
    1204                )
    1205            )
    1206
    1207        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1208            this = expression.this
    1209
    1210            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1211            return self.func(
    1212                "GET_PATH",
    1213                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1214                expression.expression,
    1215            )
    1216
    1217        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1218            this = expression.this
    1219            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1220                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1221
    1222            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))
    1223
    1224        def datesub_sql(self, expression: exp.DateSub) -> str:
    1225            value = expression.expression
    1226            if value:
    1227                value.replace(value * (-1))
    1228            else:
    1229                self.unsupported("DateSub cannot be transpiled if the subtracted count is unknown")
    1230
    1231            return date_delta_sql("DATEADD")(self, expression)
    1232
    1233        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    1234            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
    1235            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1236            if offset and not limit:
    1237                expression.limit(exp.Null(), copy=False)
    1238            return super().select_sql(expression)

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

    will be rewritten as

    WITH y(c) AS (
        SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
    ) SELECT c FROM y;

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False

Whether COPY statement parameters are separated by comma or whitespace

ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS: Optional[bool] = None

Whether ArrayAgg needs to filter NULL values.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    367    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    368        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    369        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    370        if (
    371            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    372            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    373            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    374        ):
    375            return expression  # type: ignore
    376
    377        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an `Identifier`, this method is a no-op.
- identify: If set to `False`, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION
  EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY
  SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL
  HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS
  STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX
  ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR
  PROMOTE_TO_INFERRED_DATETIME_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT
  NUMBERS_CAN_BE_UNDERSCORE_SEPARATED
  REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP
  SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT
  CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS
  ANNOTATORS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.JSONPathTokenizer(sqlglot.jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer): View Source

    379    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
    380        SINGLE_TOKENS = jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
    381        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("$")

SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, "'": <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '"': <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEX_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  QUOTES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  NESTED_COMMENTS
  HINT_START
  TOKENS_PRECEDING_HINT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  use_rs_tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens
sqlglot.jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer
  KEYWORDS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  STRING_ESCAPES

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    383    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    384        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    385        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
    386        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
    387
    388        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    389            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    390            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    391        }
    392
    393        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    394        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
    395
    396        FUNCTIONS = {
    397            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    398            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    399            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
    400            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    401                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    402            ),
    403            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    404                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    405                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    406                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    407                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    408            ),
    409            "BITXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
    410            "BIT_XOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
    411            "BITOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
    412            "BIT_OR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
    413            "BITSHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BITSHIFTLEFT"),
    414            "BIT_SHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BIT_SHIFTLEFT"),
    415            "BITSHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
    416            "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT"),
    417            "BOOLXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.Xor, "BOOLXOR"),
    418            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    419            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    420            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    421            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    422            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
    423            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
    424                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
    425            ),
    426            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    427            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    428                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    429            ),
    430            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    431            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    432                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    433            ),
    434            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    435            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    436            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    437            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
    438            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
    439            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    440            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
    441            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    442            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    443            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    444            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    445            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
    446            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    447            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    448            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
    449            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    450            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    451            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    452            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    453            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
    454            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
    455            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
    456                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
    457            ),
    458            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    459            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
    460                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    461                format=seq_get(args, 1),
    462                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
    463                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
    464            ),
    465            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
    466            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    467            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
    468            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    469            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
    470            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    471            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
    472        }
    473
    474        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    475            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    476            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
    477            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    478        }
    479        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    480
    481        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    482
    483        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    484            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    485            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    486            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    487        }
    488
    489        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    490            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    491            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    492                exp.Set,
    493                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    494                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    495                unset=True,
    496            ),
    497        }
    498
    499        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    500            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    501            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    502        }
    503
    504        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    505            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    506            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
    507            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_tag(),
    508        }
    509
    510        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
    511            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
    512            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
    513        }
    514
    515        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    516            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    517            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    518            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    519            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    520            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    521            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    522            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    523            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    524            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    525            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    526            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    527            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    528            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    529            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    530            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    531            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    532            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    533            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    534            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    535        }
    536
    537        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    538            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    539            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    540            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    541            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    542            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    543        }
    544
    545        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    546            TokenType.DOT,
    547            TokenType.MOD,
    548            TokenType.SLASH,
    549        }
    550
    551        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    552
    553        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
    554
    555        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
    556
    557        LAMBDAS = {
    558            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
    559            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
    560                exp.Lambda,
    561                this=self._replace_lambda(
    562                    self._parse_assignment(),
    563                    expressions,
    564                ),
    565                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
    566            ),
    567        }
    568
    569        def _negate_range(
    570            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    571        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    572            if not this:
    573                return this
    574
    575            query = this.args.get("query")
    576            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
    577                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
    578                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
    579                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
    580                #
    581                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
    582                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
    583                return self.expression(
    584                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
    585                )
    586
    587            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
    588
    589        def _parse_tag(self) -> exp.Tags:
    590            return self.expression(
    591                exp.Tags,
    592                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
    593            )
    594
    595        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    596            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
    597                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    598
    599            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
    600                policy = self._parse_column()
    601                return self.expression(
    602                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
    603                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
    604                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
    605                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    606                )
    607            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
    608                policy = self._parse_column()
    609                return self.expression(
    610                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
    611                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
    612                )
    613            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
    614                return self._parse_tag()
    615
    616            return None
    617
    618        def _parse_with_property(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression] | t.List[exp.Expression]:
    619            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
    620                return self._parse_tag()
    621
    622            return super()._parse_with_property()
    623
    624        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
    625            expression = super()._parse_create()
    626            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
    627                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
    628                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
    629
    630            return expression
    631
    632        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
    633        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
    634        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    635            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
    636
    637            if not this:
    638                return None
    639
    640            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    641            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    642            this = map_date_part(this)
    643            name = this.name.upper()
    644
    645            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
    646                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
    647                    scale = 10**3
    648                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
    649                    scale = 10**6
    650                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
    651                    scale = 10**9
    652                else:
    653                    scale = None
    654
    655                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    656                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    657
    658                if scale:
    659                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    660
    661                return to_unix
    662
    663            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    664
    665        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    666            if is_map:
    667                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    668                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    669                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    670                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    671
    672            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
    673
    674        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    675            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    676            if not lateral:
    677                return lateral
    678
    679            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    680                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    681                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    682                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    683                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    684                elif not table_alias:
    685                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    686
    687            return lateral
    688
    689        def _parse_table_parts(
    690            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    691        ) -> exp.Table:
    692            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    693            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    694                table = self._parse_string()
    695            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    696                table = self._parse_location_path()
    697            else:
    698                table = None
    699
    700            if table:
    701                file_format = None
    702                pattern = None
    703
    704                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    705                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    706                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    707                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    708                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    709                        )
    710                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    711                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    712                    else:
    713                        break
    714
    715                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    716
    717                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    718            else:
    719                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    720
    721            return table
    722
    723        def _parse_id_var(
    724            self,
    725            any_token: bool = True,
    726            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    727        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    728            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    729                identifier = (
    730                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    731                    or self._parse_string()
    732                )
    733                self._match_r_paren()
    734                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    735
    736            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    737
    738        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    739            scope = None
    740            scope_kind = None
    741
    742            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    743            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    744            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    745
    746            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    747
    748            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    749
    750            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    751                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    752                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    753                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    754                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    755                    if self._curr:
    756                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    757                elif self._curr:
    758                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
    759                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    760
    761            return self.expression(
    762                exp.Show,
    763                **{
    764                    "terse": terse,
    765                    "this": this,
    766                    "history": history,
    767                    "like": like,
    768                    "scope": scope,
    769                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    770                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    771                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    772                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    773                },
    774            )
    775
    776        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    777            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    778            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    779
    780        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    781            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
    782            return (
    783                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
    784                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
    785                else self._parse_table_parts()
    786            )
    787
    788        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    789            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    790
    791            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    792            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
    793            # in case of subqueries
    794            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
    795                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
    796            ):
    797                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    798
    799            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    800
    801        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    802            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
    803
    804            if not this:
    805                return this
    806
    807            typ = self._parse_types()
    808
    809            if typ:
    810                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
    811
    812            return this
    813
    814        def _parse_foreign_key(self) -> exp.ForeignKey:
    815            # inlineFK, the REFERENCES columns are implied
    816            if self._match(TokenType.REFERENCES, advance=False):
    817                return self.expression(exp.ForeignKey)
    818
    819            # outoflineFK, explicitly names the columns
    820            return super()._parse_foreign_key()

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = 'BERNOULLI'
COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Contains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FeaturesAtTime'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'INT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>>, 'IS_ASCII': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsAscii'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHARACTER_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _build_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNICODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLElement'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITXOR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BIT_XOR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BITOR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BIT_OR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BITSHIFTLEFT': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BIT_SHIFTLEFT': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BITSHIFTRIGHT': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BIT_SHIFTRIGHT': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BOOLXOR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'DATEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'DIV0': <function _build_if_from_div0>, 'EDITDISTANCE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _build_if_from_nullifzero>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _build_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TRY_PARSE_JSON': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _build_if_from_zeroifnull>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CEIL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FLOOR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.AT_GT: 'AT_GT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.LT_AT: 'LT_AT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTRIBUTED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DUPLICATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EMPTY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STREAMING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TAG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TYPE_CONVERTERS = {<Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: <function build_default_decimal_type.<locals>._builder>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WATERMARK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'MASKING': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PROJECTION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TAG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SCHEMA_KINDS = {'IMPORTED KEYS', 'VIEWS', 'TABLES', 'SEQUENCES', 'OBJECTS', 'UNIQUE KEYS'}
NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {'STORAGE INTEGRATION', 'TAG', 'STREAMLIT', 'WAREHOUSE'}
LAMBDAS = {<TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
  EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  DESCRIBE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  PARTITION_KEYWORDS
  AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS_TOKENS
  OPERATION_MODIFIERS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
  OPTIONAL_ALIAS_TOKEN_CTE
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    822    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    823        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    824        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    825        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    826        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    827        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
    828
    829        KEYWORDS = {
    830            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    831            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    832            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    833            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    834            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    835            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    836            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    837            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    838            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    839            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    840            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    841            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    842            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    843            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    844            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    845            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    846            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    847            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
    848            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
    849            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    850            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    851            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
    852            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
    853        }
    854        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    855
    856        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    857            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    858            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    859        }
    860
    861        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    862
    863        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
NESTED_COMMENTS = False
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_CONDITION': <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'STORAGE INTEGRATION': <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, 'TAG': <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'WAREHOUSE': <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, 'STREAMLIT': <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  QUOTES
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  HINT_START
  TOKENS_PRECEDING_HINT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  use_rs_tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

     865    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     866        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     867        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     868        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     869        JOIN_HINTS = False
     870        TABLE_HINTS = False
     871        QUERY_HINTS = False
     872        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     873        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     874        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     875        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     876        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     877        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     878        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     879        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     880        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     881        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     882        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     883        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     884        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     885        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     886        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
     887        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
     888
     889        TRANSFORMS = {
     890            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     891            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     892            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     893            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     894            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     895            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     896            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     897            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     898                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     899            ),
     900            exp.BitwiseOr: rename_func("BITOR"),
     901            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     902            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTLEFT"),
     903            exp.BitwiseRightShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
     904            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     905            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     906            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     907            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     908            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
     909            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     910            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     911            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     912            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     913            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     914            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     915            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     916                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     917            ),
     918            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     919                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     920            ),
     921            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     922            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     923            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     924            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     925                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     926            ),
     927            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     928            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     929            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     930            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     931            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     932            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     933            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
     934            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     935            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     936            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     937                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     938            ),
     939            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     940            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     941                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     942            ),
     943            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     944                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     945            ),
     946            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     947            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
     948            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
     949            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     950            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     951            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     952                [
     953                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     954                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     955                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     956                    _transform_generate_date_array,
     957                ]
     958            ),
     959            exp.SafeDivide: lambda self, e: no_safe_divide_sql(self, e, "IFF"),
     960            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     961            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     962            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     963            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     964                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     965            ),
     966            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     967            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     968            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     969            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
     970            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     971            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     972                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     973            ),
     974            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     975            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     976            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     977            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     978            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     979            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
     980            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     981            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     982            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     983                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     984            ),
     985            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     986            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
     987            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     988            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     989            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     990            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
     991                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
     992            ),
     993        }
     994
     995        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     996            exp.JSONPathKey,
     997            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     998            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     999        }
    1000
    1001        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    1002            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    1003            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
    1004            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
    1005        }
    1006
    1007        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    1008            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    1009            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1010            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1011        }
    1012
    1013        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
    1014            exp.Map,
    1015            exp.StarMap,
    1016            exp.Struct,
    1017            exp.VarMap,
    1018        }
    1019
    1020        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    1021            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
    1022
    1023        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    1024            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    1025                values_as_table = False
    1026
    1027            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
    1028
    1029        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    1030            expressions = expression.expressions
    1031            if (
    1032                expressions
    1033                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    1034                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    1035            ):
    1036                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    1037                return "OBJECT"
    1038
    1039            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    1040
    1041        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    1042            return self.func(
    1043                "TO_NUMBER",
    1044                expression.this,
    1045                expression.args.get("format"),
    1046                expression.args.get("precision"),
    1047                expression.args.get("scale"),
    1048            )
    1049
    1050        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    1051            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    1052            if milli is not None:
    1053                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    1054                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    1055
    1056            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    1057
    1058        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1059            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1060                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1061            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1062                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1063
    1064            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    1065
    1066        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1067            value = expression.this
    1068
    1069            if value.type is None:
    1070                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1071
    1072                value = annotate_types(value)
    1073
    1074            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1075                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1076
    1077            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1078            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    1079
    1080        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1081            if not expression.expression:
    1082                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1083
    1084            return super().log_sql(expression)
    1085
    1086        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1087            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1088            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1089
    1090            columns = [
    1091                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1092                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1093                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1094                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1095                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1096                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1097                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1098            ]
    1099
    1100            if unnest_alias:
    1101                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1102            else:
    1103                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1104
    1105            table_input = self.sql(expression.expressions[0])
    1106            if not table_input.startswith("INPUT =>"):
    1107                table_input = f"INPUT => {table_input}"
    1108
    1109            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN({table_input}))"
    1110            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1111            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1112            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    1113
    1114        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1115            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1116            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1117            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1118            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1119
    1120            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1121            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1122
    1123            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1124            if scope_kind:
    1125                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1126
    1127            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1128            if starts_with:
    1129                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1130
    1131            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1132
    1133            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1134            if from_:
    1135                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1136
    1137            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    1138
    1139        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1140            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1141            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1142            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1143            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1144            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1145            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1146            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1147
    1148        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1149            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1150        ) -> str:
    1151            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1152            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1153            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1154            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1155            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1156
    1157        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1158            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1159
    1160        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1161            keys = []
    1162            values = []
    1163
    1164            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1165                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1166                    keys.append(
    1167                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1168                    )
    1169                    values.append(e.expression)
    1170                else:
    1171                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1172                    values.append(e)
    1173
    1174            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1175
    1176        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1177        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1178            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1179
    1180        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1181            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1182            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1183            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1184            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1185            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1186            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1187            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1188            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1189
    1190            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
    1191
    1192        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1193            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1194            return self.func(
    1195                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1196            )
    1197
    1198        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1199            return self.sql(
    1200                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1201                    this=expression.this,
    1202                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1203                    unit=expression.unit,
    1204                )
    1205            )
    1206
    1207        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1208            this = expression.this
    1209
    1210            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1211            return self.func(
    1212                "GET_PATH",
    1213                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1214                expression.expression,
    1215            )
    1216
    1217        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1218            this = expression.this
    1219            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1220                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1221
    1222            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))
    1223
    1224        def datesub_sql(self, expression: exp.DateSub) -> str:
    1225            value = expression.expression
    1226            if value:
    1227                value.replace(value * (-1))
    1228            else:
    1229                self.unsupported("DateSub cannot be transpiled if the subtracted count is unknown")
    1230
    1231            return date_delta_sql("DATEADD")(self, expression)
    1232
    1233        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    1234            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
    1235            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1236            if offset and not limit:
    1237                expression.limit(exp.Null(), copy=False)
    1238            return super().select_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
STAR_EXCEPT = 'EXCLUDE'
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = 'ARRAY_SIZE'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeWith'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingData'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function timestampdiff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>: <function _json_extract_value_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>: <function _json_extract_value_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>: <function no_make_interval_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function _regexpextract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>: <function _regexpextract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>: 'OBJECT', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'OBJECT'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>}
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    1020        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    1021            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")

def values_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str: View Source

    1023        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    1024            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    1025                values_as_table = False
    1026
    1027            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str: View Source

    1029        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    1030            expressions = expression.expressions
    1031            if (
    1032                expressions
    1033                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    1034                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    1035            ):
    1036                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    1037                return "OBJECT"
    1038
    1039            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

def tonumber_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber) -> str: View Source

    1041        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    1042            return self.func(
    1043                "TO_NUMBER",
    1044                expression.this,
    1045                expression.args.get("format"),
    1046                expression.args.get("precision"),
    1047                expression.args.get("scale"),
    1048            )

def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str: View Source

    1050        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    1051            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    1052            if milli is not None:
    1053                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    1054                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    1055
    1056            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)

def cast_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cast, safe_prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> str: View Source

    1058        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1059            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1060                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1061            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1062                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1063
    1064            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    1066        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1067            value = expression.this
    1068
    1069            if value.type is None:
    1070                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1071
    1072                value = annotate_types(value)
    1073
    1074            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1075                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1076
    1077            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1078            return self.cast_sql(expression)

def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str: View Source

    1080        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1081            if not expression.expression:
    1082                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1083
    1084            return super().log_sql(expression)

def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    1086        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1087            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1088            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1089
    1090            columns = [
    1091                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1092                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1093                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1094                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1095                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1096                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1097                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1098            ]
    1099
    1100            if unnest_alias:
    1101                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1102            else:
    1103                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1104
    1105            table_input = self.sql(expression.expressions[0])
    1106            if not table_input.startswith("INPUT =>"):
    1107                table_input = f"INPUT => {table_input}"
    1108
    1109            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN({table_input}))"
    1110            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1111            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1112            return f"{explode}{alias}"

def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str: View Source

    1114        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1115            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1116            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1117            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1118            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1119
    1120            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1121            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1122
    1123            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1124            if scope_kind:
    1125                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1126
    1127            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1128            if starts_with:
    1129                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1130
    1131            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1132
    1133            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1134            if from_:
    1135                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1136
    1137            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    1139        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1140            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1141            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1142            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1143            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1144            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1145            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1146            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    1148        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1149            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1150        ) -> str:
    1151            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1152            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1153            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1154            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1155            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str: View Source

    1157        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1158            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    1160        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1161            keys = []
    1162            values = []
    1163
    1164            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1165                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1166                    keys.append(
    1167                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1168                    )
    1169                    values.append(e.expression)
    1170                else:
    1171                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1172                    values.append(e)
    1173
    1174            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))

@unsupported_args('weight', 'accuracy')
def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile) -> str: View Source

    1176        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1177        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1178            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))

def alterset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AlterSet) -> str: View Source

    1180        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1181            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1182            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1183            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1184            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1185            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1186            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1187            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1188            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1189
    1190            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

def strtotime_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime): View Source

    1192        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1193            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1194            return self.func(
    1195                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1196            )

def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub): View Source

    1198        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1199            return self.sql(
    1200                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1201                    this=expression.this,
    1202                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1203                    unit=expression.unit,
    1204                )
    1205            )

def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract): View Source

    1207        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1208            this = expression.this
    1209
    1210            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1211            return self.func(
    1212                "GET_PATH",
    1213                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1214                expression.expression,
    1215            )

def timetostr_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr) -> str: View Source

    1217        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1218            this = expression.this
    1219            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1220                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1221
    1222            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))

def datesub_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DateSub) -> str: View Source

    1224        def datesub_sql(self, expression: exp.DateSub) -> str:
    1225            value = expression.expression
    1226            if value:
    1227                value.replace(value * (-1))
    1228            else:
    1229                self.unsupported("DateSub cannot be transpiled if the subtracted count is unknown")
    1230
    1231            return date_delta_sql("DATEADD")(self, expression)

def select_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Select) -> str: View Source

    1233        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    1234            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
    1235            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1236            if offset and not limit:
    1237                expression.limit(exp.Null(), copy=False)
    1238            return super().select_sql(expression)

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  HEX_FUNC
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS
  PARSE_JSON_NAME
  ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
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