sqlglot.dialects.oracle API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.oracle

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    NormalizationStrategy,
      9    build_formatted_time,
     10    no_ilike_sql,
     11    rename_func,
     12    str_position_sql,
     13    to_number_with_nls_param,
     14    trim_sql,
     15)
     16from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
     17from sqlglot.parser import OPTIONS_TYPE, build_coalesce
     18from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     19
     20if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     21    from sqlglot._typing import E
     22
     23
     24def _build_timetostr_or_tochar(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr | exp.ToChar:
     25    this = seq_get(args, 0)
     26
     27    if this and not this.type:
     28        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     29
     30        annotate_types(this)
     31        if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEMPORAL_TYPES):
     32            return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "oracle", default=True)(args)
     33
     34    return exp.ToChar.from_arg_list(args)
     35
     36
     37def _trim_sql(self: Oracle.Generator, expression: exp.Trim) -> str:
     38    position = expression.args.get("position")
     39
     40    if position and position.upper() in ("LEADING", "TRAILING"):
     41        return self.trim_sql(expression)
     42
     43    return trim_sql(self, expression)
     44
     45
     46class Oracle(Dialect):
     47    ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
     48    LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
     49    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     50    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     51    ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR = False
     52
     53    # See section 8: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/A97630_01/server.920/a96540/sql_elements9a.htm
     54    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     55
     56    # https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/SQLRF/sql_elements004.htm#SQLRF00212
     57    # https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-format-codes
     58    TIME_MAPPING = {
     59        "AM": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
     60        "A.M.": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
     61        "PM": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
     62        "P.M.": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
     63        "D": "%u",  # Day of week (1-7)
     64        "DAY": "%A",  # name of day
     65        "DD": "%d",  # day of month (1-31)
     66        "DDD": "%j",  # day of year (1-366)
     67        "DY": "%a",  # abbreviated name of day
     68        "HH": "%I",  # Hour of day (1-12)
     69        "HH12": "%I",  # alias for HH
     70        "HH24": "%H",  # Hour of day (0-23)
     71        "IW": "%V",  # Calendar week of year (1-52 or 1-53), as defined by the ISO 8601 standard
     72        "MI": "%M",  # Minute (0-59)
     73        "MM": "%m",  # Month (01-12; January = 01)
     74        "MON": "%b",  # Abbreviated name of month
     75        "MONTH": "%B",  # Name of month
     76        "SS": "%S",  # Second (0-59)
     77        "WW": "%W",  # Week of year (1-53)
     78        "YY": "%y",  # 15
     79        "YYYY": "%Y",  # 2015
     80        "FF6": "%f",  # only 6 digits are supported in python formats
     81    }
     82
     83    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     84        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"}
     85
     86        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
     87            (prefix + q, q)
     88            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
     89            for prefix in ("U", "u")
     90        ]
     91
     92        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
     93
     94        KEYWORDS = {
     95            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     96            "(+)": TokenType.JOIN_MARKER,
     97            "BINARY_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     98            "BINARY_FLOAT": TokenType.FLOAT,
     99            "BULK COLLECT INTO": TokenType.BULK_COLLECT_INTO,
    100            "COLUMNS": TokenType.COLUMN,
    101            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    102            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    103            "NVARCHAR2": TokenType.NVARCHAR,
    104            "ORDER SIBLINGS BY": TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY,
    105            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    106            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    107            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    108            "VARCHAR2": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    109        }
    110
    111    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    112        ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
    113        WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS = {TokenType.OVER, TokenType.KEEP}
    114        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    115
    116        FUNCTIONS = {
    117            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    118            "NVL": lambda args: build_coalesce(args, is_nvl=True),
    119            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    120            "TO_CHAR": _build_timetostr_or_tochar,
    121            "TO_TIMESTAMP": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "oracle"),
    122            "TO_DATE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "oracle"),
    123            "TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    124                unit=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("DD"),
    125                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    126                unabbreviate=False,
    127            ),
    128        }
    129
    130        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    131            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    132            "NEXT": lambda self: self._parse_next_value_for(),
    133            "SYSDATE": lambda self: self.expression(exp.CurrentTimestamp, sysdate=True),
    134        }
    135
    136        FUNCTION_PARSERS: t.Dict[str, t.Callable] = {
    137            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    138            "JSON_ARRAY": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
    139                exp.JSONArray,
    140                expressions=self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise())),
    141            ),
    142            "JSON_ARRAYAGG": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
    143                exp.JSONArrayAgg,
    144                this=self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise()),
    145                order=self._parse_order(),
    146            ),
    147            "JSON_EXISTS": lambda self: self._parse_json_exists(),
    148        }
    149
    150        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    151            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    152            "GLOBAL": lambda self: self._match_text_seq("TEMPORARY")
    153            and self.expression(exp.TemporaryProperty, this="GLOBAL"),
    154            "PRIVATE": lambda self: self._match_text_seq("TEMPORARY")
    155            and self.expression(exp.TemporaryProperty, this="PRIVATE"),
    156        }
    157
    158        QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = {
    159            **parser.Parser.QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS,
    160            TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY: lambda self: ("order", self._parse_order()),
    161            TokenType.WITH: lambda self: ("options", [self._parse_query_restrictions()]),
    162        }
    163
    164        TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS = {
    165            exp.DataType.Type.DATE: lambda self, this, _: self.expression(
    166                exp.DateStrToDate, this=this
    167            )
    168        }
    169
    170        # SELECT UNIQUE .. is old-style Oracle syntax for SELECT DISTINCT ..
    171        # Reference: https://stackoverflow.com/a/336455
    172        DISTINCT_TOKENS = {TokenType.DISTINCT, TokenType.UNIQUE}
    173
    174        QUERY_RESTRICTIONS: OPTIONS_TYPE = {
    175            "WITH": (
    176                ("READ", "ONLY"),
    177                ("CHECK", "OPTION"),
    178            ),
    179        }
    180
    181        def _parse_json_array(self, expr_type: t.Type[E], **kwargs) -> E:
    182            return self.expression(
    183                expr_type,
    184                null_handling=self._parse_on_handling("NULL", "NULL", "ABSENT"),
    185                return_type=self._match_text_seq("RETURNING") and self._parse_type(),
    186                strict=self._match_text_seq("STRICT"),
    187                **kwargs,
    188            )
    189
    190        def _parse_hint_function_call(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    191            if not self._curr or not self._next or self._next.token_type != TokenType.L_PAREN:
    192                return None
    193
    194            this = self._curr.text
    195
    196            self._advance(2)
    197            args = self._parse_hint_args()
    198            this = self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this=this, expressions=args)
    199            self._match_r_paren(this)
    200            return this
    201
    202        def _parse_hint_args(self):
    203            args = []
    204            result = self._parse_var()
    205
    206            while result:
    207                args.append(result)
    208                result = self._parse_var()
    209
    210            return args
    211
    212        def _parse_query_restrictions(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    213            kind = self._parse_var_from_options(self.QUERY_RESTRICTIONS, raise_unmatched=False)
    214
    215            if not kind:
    216                return None
    217
    218            return self.expression(
    219                exp.QueryOption,
    220                this=kind,
    221                expression=self._match(TokenType.CONSTRAINT) and self._parse_field(),
    222            )
    223
    224        def _parse_json_exists(self) -> exp.JSONExists:
    225            this = self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise())
    226            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    227            return self.expression(
    228                exp.JSONExists,
    229                this=this,
    230                path=self.dialect.to_json_path(self._parse_bitwise()),
    231                passing=self._match_text_seq("PASSING")
    232                and self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_alias(self._parse_bitwise())),
    233                on_condition=self._parse_on_condition(),
    234            )
    235
    236        def _parse_into(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Into]:
    237            # https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/lnpls/SELECT-INTO-statement.html
    238            bulk_collect = self._match(TokenType.BULK_COLLECT_INTO)
    239            if not bulk_collect and not self._match(TokenType.INTO):
    240                return None
    241
    242            index = self._index
    243
    244            expressions = self._parse_expressions()
    245            if len(expressions) == 1:
    246                self._retreat(index)
    247                self._match(TokenType.TABLE)
    248                return self.expression(
    249                    exp.Into, this=self._parse_table(schema=True), bulk_collect=bulk_collect
    250                )
    251
    252            return self.expression(exp.Into, bulk_collect=bulk_collect, expressions=expressions)
    253
    254    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    255        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
    256        JOIN_HINTS = False
    257        TABLE_HINTS = False
    258        DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED = True
    259        ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False
    260        LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH"
    261        TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS = "SAMPLE"
    262        LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False
    263        SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True
    264        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    265        QUERY_HINT_SEP = " "
    266
    267        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    268            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    269            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "NUMBER",
    270            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "NUMBER",
    271            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "NUMBER",
    272            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "NUMBER",
    273            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMBER",
    274            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "DOUBLE PRECISION",
    275            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "VARCHAR2",
    276            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "NVARCHAR2",
    277            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "NCHAR",
    278            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "CLOB",
    279            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    280            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    281            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BLOB",
    282            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BLOB",
    283            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BLOB",
    284        }
    285
    286        TRANSFORMS = {
    287            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    288            exp.DateStrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
    289                "TO_DATE", e.this, exp.Literal.string("YYYY-MM-DD")
    290            ),
    291            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("TRUNC", e.this, e.unit),
    292            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    293            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    294            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("MAX"),
    295            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("MIN"),
    296            exp.Mod: rename_func("MOD"),
    297            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    298                [
    299                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    300                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    301                ]
    302            ),
    303            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(
    304                self, e, str_position_func_name="INSTR"
    305            ),
    306            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    307            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    308            exp.Subquery: lambda self, e: self.subquery_sql(e, sep=" "),
    309            exp.Substring: rename_func("SUBSTR"),
    310            exp.Table: lambda self, e: self.table_sql(e, sep=" "),
    311            exp.TableSample: lambda self, e: self.tablesample_sql(e),
    312            exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda _, e: f"{e.name or 'GLOBAL'} TEMPORARY",
    313            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_CHAR", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    314            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    315            exp.ToNumber: to_number_with_nls_param,
    316            exp.Trim: _trim_sql,
    317            exp.Unicode: lambda self, e: f"ASCII(UNISTR({self.sql(e.this)}))",
    318            exp.UnixToTime: lambda self,
    319            e: f"TO_DATE('1970-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD') + ({self.sql(e, 'this')} / 86400)",
    320        }
    321
    322        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    323            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    324            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    325        }
    326
    327        def currenttimestamp_sql(self, expression: exp.CurrentTimestamp) -> str:
    328            if expression.args.get("sysdate"):
    329                return "SYSDATE"
    330
    331            this = expression.this
    332            return self.func("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP", this) if this else "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"
    333
    334        def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str:
    335            return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS"
    336
    337        def add_column_sql(self, expression: exp.Alter) -> str:
    338            actions = self.expressions(expression, key="actions", flat=True)
    339            if len(expression.args.get("actions", [])) > 1:
    340                return f"ADD ({actions})"
    341            return f"ADD {actions}"
    342
    343        def queryoption_sql(self, expression: exp.QueryOption) -> str:
    344            option = self.sql(expression, "this")
    345            value = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    346            value = f" CONSTRAINT {value}" if value else ""
    347
    348            return f"{option}{value}"
    349
    350        def coalesce_sql(self, expression: exp.Coalesce) -> str:
    351            func_name = "NVL" if expression.args.get("is_nvl") else "COALESCE"
    352            return rename_func(func_name)(self, expression)
    353
    354        def into_sql(self, expression: exp.Into) -> str:
    355            into = "INTO" if not expression.args.get("bulk_collect") else "BULK COLLECT INTO"
    356            if expression.this:
    357                return f"{self.seg(into)} {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    358
    359            return f"{self.seg(into)} {self.expressions(expression)}"
    360
    361        def hint_sql(self, expression: exp.Hint) -> str:
    362            expressions = []
    363
    364            for expression in expression.expressions:
    365                if isinstance(expression, exp.Anonymous):
    366                    formatted_args = self.format_args(*expression.expressions, sep=" ")
    367                    expressions.append(f"{self.sql(expression, 'this')}({formatted_args})")
    368                else:
    369                    expressions.append(self.sql(expression))
    370
    371            return f" /*+ {self.expressions(sqls=expressions, sep=self.QUERY_HINT_SEP).strip()} */"
    372
    373        def isascii_sql(self, expression: exp.IsAscii) -> str:
    374            return f"NVL(REGEXP_LIKE({self.sql(expression.this)}, '^[' || CHR(1) || '-' || CHR(127) || ']*$'), TRUE)"

class Oracle(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

     47class Oracle(Dialect):
     48    ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True
     49    LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
     50    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     51    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     52    ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR = False
     53
     54    # See section 8: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/A97630_01/server.920/a96540/sql_elements9a.htm
     55    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     56
     57    # https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/SQLRF/sql_elements004.htm#SQLRF00212
     58    # https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-format-codes
     59    TIME_MAPPING = {
     60        "AM": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
     61        "A.M.": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
     62        "PM": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
     63        "P.M.": "%p",  # Meridian indicator with or without periods
     64        "D": "%u",  # Day of week (1-7)
     65        "DAY": "%A",  # name of day
     66        "DD": "%d",  # day of month (1-31)
     67        "DDD": "%j",  # day of year (1-366)
     68        "DY": "%a",  # abbreviated name of day
     69        "HH": "%I",  # Hour of day (1-12)
     70        "HH12": "%I",  # alias for HH
     71        "HH24": "%H",  # Hour of day (0-23)
     72        "IW": "%V",  # Calendar week of year (1-52 or 1-53), as defined by the ISO 8601 standard
     73        "MI": "%M",  # Minute (0-59)
     74        "MM": "%m",  # Month (01-12; January = 01)
     75        "MON": "%b",  # Abbreviated name of month
     76        "MONTH": "%B",  # Name of month
     77        "SS": "%S",  # Second (0-59)
     78        "WW": "%W",  # Week of year (1-53)
     79        "YY": "%y",  # 15
     80        "YYYY": "%Y",  # 2015
     81        "FF6": "%f",  # only 6 digits are supported in python formats
     82    }
     83
     84    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     85        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"}
     86
     87        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
     88            (prefix + q, q)
     89            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
     90            for prefix in ("U", "u")
     91        ]
     92
     93        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
     94
     95        KEYWORDS = {
     96            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     97            "(+)": TokenType.JOIN_MARKER,
     98            "BINARY_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     99            "BINARY_FLOAT": TokenType.FLOAT,
    100            "BULK COLLECT INTO": TokenType.BULK_COLLECT_INTO,
    101            "COLUMNS": TokenType.COLUMN,
    102            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    103            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    104            "NVARCHAR2": TokenType.NVARCHAR,
    105            "ORDER SIBLINGS BY": TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY,
    106            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    107            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    108            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    109            "VARCHAR2": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    110        }
    111
    112    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    113        ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
    114        WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS = {TokenType.OVER, TokenType.KEEP}
    115        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    116
    117        FUNCTIONS = {
    118            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    119            "NVL": lambda args: build_coalesce(args, is_nvl=True),
    120            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    121            "TO_CHAR": _build_timetostr_or_tochar,
    122            "TO_TIMESTAMP": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "oracle"),
    123            "TO_DATE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "oracle"),
    124            "TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    125                unit=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("DD"),
    126                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    127                unabbreviate=False,
    128            ),
    129        }
    130
    131        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    132            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    133            "NEXT": lambda self: self._parse_next_value_for(),
    134            "SYSDATE": lambda self: self.expression(exp.CurrentTimestamp, sysdate=True),
    135        }
    136
    137        FUNCTION_PARSERS: t.Dict[str, t.Callable] = {
    138            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    139            "JSON_ARRAY": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
    140                exp.JSONArray,
    141                expressions=self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise())),
    142            ),
    143            "JSON_ARRAYAGG": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
    144                exp.JSONArrayAgg,
    145                this=self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise()),
    146                order=self._parse_order(),
    147            ),
    148            "JSON_EXISTS": lambda self: self._parse_json_exists(),
    149        }
    150
    151        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    152            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    153            "GLOBAL": lambda self: self._match_text_seq("TEMPORARY")
    154            and self.expression(exp.TemporaryProperty, this="GLOBAL"),
    155            "PRIVATE": lambda self: self._match_text_seq("TEMPORARY")
    156            and self.expression(exp.TemporaryProperty, this="PRIVATE"),
    157        }
    158
    159        QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = {
    160            **parser.Parser.QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS,
    161            TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY: lambda self: ("order", self._parse_order()),
    162            TokenType.WITH: lambda self: ("options", [self._parse_query_restrictions()]),
    163        }
    164
    165        TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS = {
    166            exp.DataType.Type.DATE: lambda self, this, _: self.expression(
    167                exp.DateStrToDate, this=this
    168            )
    169        }
    170
    171        # SELECT UNIQUE .. is old-style Oracle syntax for SELECT DISTINCT ..
    172        # Reference: https://stackoverflow.com/a/336455
    173        DISTINCT_TOKENS = {TokenType.DISTINCT, TokenType.UNIQUE}
    174
    175        QUERY_RESTRICTIONS: OPTIONS_TYPE = {
    176            "WITH": (
    177                ("READ", "ONLY"),
    178                ("CHECK", "OPTION"),
    179            ),
    180        }
    181
    182        def _parse_json_array(self, expr_type: t.Type[E], **kwargs) -> E:
    183            return self.expression(
    184                expr_type,
    185                null_handling=self._parse_on_handling("NULL", "NULL", "ABSENT"),
    186                return_type=self._match_text_seq("RETURNING") and self._parse_type(),
    187                strict=self._match_text_seq("STRICT"),
    188                **kwargs,
    189            )
    190
    191        def _parse_hint_function_call(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    192            if not self._curr or not self._next or self._next.token_type != TokenType.L_PAREN:
    193                return None
    194
    195            this = self._curr.text
    196
    197            self._advance(2)
    198            args = self._parse_hint_args()
    199            this = self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this=this, expressions=args)
    200            self._match_r_paren(this)
    201            return this
    202
    203        def _parse_hint_args(self):
    204            args = []
    205            result = self._parse_var()
    206
    207            while result:
    208                args.append(result)
    209                result = self._parse_var()
    210
    211            return args
    212
    213        def _parse_query_restrictions(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    214            kind = self._parse_var_from_options(self.QUERY_RESTRICTIONS, raise_unmatched=False)
    215
    216            if not kind:
    217                return None
    218
    219            return self.expression(
    220                exp.QueryOption,
    221                this=kind,
    222                expression=self._match(TokenType.CONSTRAINT) and self._parse_field(),
    223            )
    224
    225        def _parse_json_exists(self) -> exp.JSONExists:
    226            this = self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise())
    227            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    228            return self.expression(
    229                exp.JSONExists,
    230                this=this,
    231                path=self.dialect.to_json_path(self._parse_bitwise()),
    232                passing=self._match_text_seq("PASSING")
    233                and self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_alias(self._parse_bitwise())),
    234                on_condition=self._parse_on_condition(),
    235            )
    236
    237        def _parse_into(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Into]:
    238            # https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/lnpls/SELECT-INTO-statement.html
    239            bulk_collect = self._match(TokenType.BULK_COLLECT_INTO)
    240            if not bulk_collect and not self._match(TokenType.INTO):
    241                return None
    242
    243            index = self._index
    244
    245            expressions = self._parse_expressions()
    246            if len(expressions) == 1:
    247                self._retreat(index)
    248                self._match(TokenType.TABLE)
    249                return self.expression(
    250                    exp.Into, this=self._parse_table(schema=True), bulk_collect=bulk_collect
    251                )
    252
    253            return self.expression(exp.Into, bulk_collect=bulk_collect, expressions=expressions)
    254
    255    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    256        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
    257        JOIN_HINTS = False
    258        TABLE_HINTS = False
    259        DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED = True
    260        ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False
    261        LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH"
    262        TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS = "SAMPLE"
    263        LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False
    264        SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True
    265        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    266        QUERY_HINT_SEP = " "
    267
    268        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    269            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    270            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "NUMBER",
    271            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "NUMBER",
    272            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "NUMBER",
    273            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "NUMBER",
    274            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMBER",
    275            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "DOUBLE PRECISION",
    276            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "VARCHAR2",
    277            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "NVARCHAR2",
    278            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "NCHAR",
    279            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "CLOB",
    280            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    281            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    282            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BLOB",
    283            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BLOB",
    284            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BLOB",
    285        }
    286
    287        TRANSFORMS = {
    288            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    289            exp.DateStrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
    290                "TO_DATE", e.this, exp.Literal.string("YYYY-MM-DD")
    291            ),
    292            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("TRUNC", e.this, e.unit),
    293            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    294            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    295            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("MAX"),
    296            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("MIN"),
    297            exp.Mod: rename_func("MOD"),
    298            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    299                [
    300                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    301                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    302                ]
    303            ),
    304            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(
    305                self, e, str_position_func_name="INSTR"
    306            ),
    307            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    308            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    309            exp.Subquery: lambda self, e: self.subquery_sql(e, sep=" "),
    310            exp.Substring: rename_func("SUBSTR"),
    311            exp.Table: lambda self, e: self.table_sql(e, sep=" "),
    312            exp.TableSample: lambda self, e: self.tablesample_sql(e),
    313            exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda _, e: f"{e.name or 'GLOBAL'} TEMPORARY",
    314            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_CHAR", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    315            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    316            exp.ToNumber: to_number_with_nls_param,
    317            exp.Trim: _trim_sql,
    318            exp.Unicode: lambda self, e: f"ASCII(UNISTR({self.sql(e.this)}))",
    319            exp.UnixToTime: lambda self,
    320            e: f"TO_DATE('1970-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD') + ({self.sql(e, 'this')} / 86400)",
    321        }
    322
    323        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    324            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    325            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    326        }
    327
    328        def currenttimestamp_sql(self, expression: exp.CurrentTimestamp) -> str:
    329            if expression.args.get("sysdate"):
    330                return "SYSDATE"
    331
    332            this = expression.this
    333            return self.func("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP", this) if this else "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"
    334
    335        def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str:
    336            return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS"
    337
    338        def add_column_sql(self, expression: exp.Alter) -> str:
    339            actions = self.expressions(expression, key="actions", flat=True)
    340            if len(expression.args.get("actions", [])) > 1:
    341                return f"ADD ({actions})"
    342            return f"ADD {actions}"
    343
    344        def queryoption_sql(self, expression: exp.QueryOption) -> str:
    345            option = self.sql(expression, "this")
    346            value = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    347            value = f" CONSTRAINT {value}" if value else ""
    348
    349            return f"{option}{value}"
    350
    351        def coalesce_sql(self, expression: exp.Coalesce) -> str:
    352            func_name = "NVL" if expression.args.get("is_nvl") else "COALESCE"
    353            return rename_func(func_name)(self, expression)
    354
    355        def into_sql(self, expression: exp.Into) -> str:
    356            into = "INTO" if not expression.args.get("bulk_collect") else "BULK COLLECT INTO"
    357            if expression.this:
    358                return f"{self.seg(into)} {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    359
    360            return f"{self.seg(into)} {self.expressions(expression)}"
    361
    362        def hint_sql(self, expression: exp.Hint) -> str:
    363            expressions = []
    364
    365            for expression in expression.expressions:
    366                if isinstance(expression, exp.Anonymous):
    367                    formatted_args = self.format_args(*expression.expressions, sep=" ")
    368                    expressions.append(f"{self.sql(expression, 'this')}({formatted_args})")
    369                else:
    370                    expressions.append(self.sql(expression))
    371
    372            return f" /*+ {self.expressions(sqls=expressions, sep=self.QUERY_HINT_SEP).strip()} */"
    373
    374        def isascii_sql(self, expression: exp.IsAscii) -> str:
    375            return f"NVL(REGEXP_LIKE({self.sql(expression.this)}, '^[' || CHR(1) || '-' || CHR(127) || ']*$'), TRUE)"

ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE = True

Whether the table alias comes after tablesample.

LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR = False

Whether "X ON EMPTY" should come before "X ON ERROR" (for dialects like T-SQL, MySQL, Oracle).

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'AM': '%p', 'A.M.': '%p', 'PM': '%p', 'P.M.': '%p', 'D': '%u', 'DAY': '%A', 'DD': '%d', 'DDD': '%j', 'DY': '%a', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'IW': '%V', 'MI': '%M', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'SS': '%S', 'WW': '%W', 'YY': '%y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'FF6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = True

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Oracle.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Oracle.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Oracle.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'A': {'M': {0: True}, '.': {'M': {'.': {0: True}}}}, 'P': {'M': {0: True}, '.': {'M': {'.': {0: True}}}}, 'D': {0: True, 'A': {'Y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {'W': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}, 'F': {'F': {'6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'A': {'M': {0: True}, '.': {'M': {'.': {0: True}}}}, 'P': {'M': {0: True}, '.': {'M': {'.': {0: True}}}}, 'D': {0: True, 'A': {'Y': {0: True}}, 'D': {0: True, 'D': {0: True}}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {'W': {0: True}}, 'M': {'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 'W': {'W': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}}}, 'F': {'F': {'6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%p': 'P.M.', '%u': 'D', '%A': 'DAY', '%d': 'DD', '%j': 'DDD', '%a': 'DY', '%I': 'HH12', '%H': 'HH24', '%V': 'IW', '%M': 'MI', '%m': 'MM', '%b': 'MON', '%B': 'MONTH', '%S': 'SS', '%W': 'WW', '%y': 'YY', '%Y': 'YYYY', '%f': 'FF6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'p': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'a': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'V': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES
  SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  TIME_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
  FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION
  EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY
  SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL
  HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS
  STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX
  ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS
  PROMOTE_TO_INFERRED_DATETIME_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT
  NUMBERS_CAN_BE_UNDERSCORE_SEPARATED
  REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP
  SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT
  CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS
  ANNOTATORS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Oracle.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

     84    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     85        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"}
     86
     87        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
     88            (prefix + q, q)
     89            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
     90            for prefix in ("U", "u")
     91        ]
     92
     93        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
     94
     95        KEYWORDS = {
     96            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     97            "(+)": TokenType.JOIN_MARKER,
     98            "BINARY_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     99            "BINARY_FLOAT": TokenType.FLOAT,
    100            "BULK COLLECT INTO": TokenType.BULK_COLLECT_INTO,
    101            "COLUMNS": TokenType.COLUMN,
    102            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    103            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    104            "NVARCHAR2": TokenType.NVARCHAR,
    105            "ORDER SIBLINGS BY": TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY,
    106            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    107            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    108            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    109            "VARCHAR2": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    110        }

VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$', '#', '@'}
UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U'", "'"), ("u'", "'")]
NESTED_COMMENTS = False
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, '(+)': <TokenType.JOIN_MARKER: 'JOIN_MARKER'>, 'BINARY_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'BINARY_FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'BULK COLLECT INTO': <TokenType.BULK_COLLECT_INTO: 'BULK_COLLECT_INTO'>, 'COLUMNS': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ORDER SIBLINGS BY': <TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY: 'ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEX_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  QUOTES
  STRING_ESCAPES
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  HINT_START
  TOKENS_PRECEDING_HINT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  use_rs_tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Oracle.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    112    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    113        ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
    114        WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS = {TokenType.OVER, TokenType.KEEP}
    115        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    116
    117        FUNCTIONS = {
    118            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    119            "NVL": lambda args: build_coalesce(args, is_nvl=True),
    120            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    121            "TO_CHAR": _build_timetostr_or_tochar,
    122            "TO_TIMESTAMP": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "oracle"),
    123            "TO_DATE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "oracle"),
    124            "TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    125                unit=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("DD"),
    126                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    127                unabbreviate=False,
    128            ),
    129        }
    130
    131        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    132            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    133            "NEXT": lambda self: self._parse_next_value_for(),
    134            "SYSDATE": lambda self: self.expression(exp.CurrentTimestamp, sysdate=True),
    135        }
    136
    137        FUNCTION_PARSERS: t.Dict[str, t.Callable] = {
    138            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    139            "JSON_ARRAY": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
    140                exp.JSONArray,
    141                expressions=self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise())),
    142            ),
    143            "JSON_ARRAYAGG": lambda self: self._parse_json_array(
    144                exp.JSONArrayAgg,
    145                this=self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise()),
    146                order=self._parse_order(),
    147            ),
    148            "JSON_EXISTS": lambda self: self._parse_json_exists(),
    149        }
    150
    151        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    152            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    153            "GLOBAL": lambda self: self._match_text_seq("TEMPORARY")
    154            and self.expression(exp.TemporaryProperty, this="GLOBAL"),
    155            "PRIVATE": lambda self: self._match_text_seq("TEMPORARY")
    156            and self.expression(exp.TemporaryProperty, this="PRIVATE"),
    157        }
    158
    159        QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = {
    160            **parser.Parser.QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS,
    161            TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY: lambda self: ("order", self._parse_order()),
    162            TokenType.WITH: lambda self: ("options", [self._parse_query_restrictions()]),
    163        }
    164
    165        TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS = {
    166            exp.DataType.Type.DATE: lambda self, this, _: self.expression(
    167                exp.DateStrToDate, this=this
    168            )
    169        }
    170
    171        # SELECT UNIQUE .. is old-style Oracle syntax for SELECT DISTINCT ..
    172        # Reference: https://stackoverflow.com/a/336455
    173        DISTINCT_TOKENS = {TokenType.DISTINCT, TokenType.UNIQUE}
    174
    175        QUERY_RESTRICTIONS: OPTIONS_TYPE = {
    176            "WITH": (
    177                ("READ", "ONLY"),
    178                ("CHECK", "OPTION"),
    179            ),
    180        }
    181
    182        def _parse_json_array(self, expr_type: t.Type[E], **kwargs) -> E:
    183            return self.expression(
    184                expr_type,
    185                null_handling=self._parse_on_handling("NULL", "NULL", "ABSENT"),
    186                return_type=self._match_text_seq("RETURNING") and self._parse_type(),
    187                strict=self._match_text_seq("STRICT"),
    188                **kwargs,
    189            )
    190
    191        def _parse_hint_function_call(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    192            if not self._curr or not self._next or self._next.token_type != TokenType.L_PAREN:
    193                return None
    194
    195            this = self._curr.text
    196
    197            self._advance(2)
    198            args = self._parse_hint_args()
    199            this = self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this=this, expressions=args)
    200            self._match_r_paren(this)
    201            return this
    202
    203        def _parse_hint_args(self):
    204            args = []
    205            result = self._parse_var()
    206
    207            while result:
    208                args.append(result)
    209                result = self._parse_var()
    210
    211            return args
    212
    213        def _parse_query_restrictions(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    214            kind = self._parse_var_from_options(self.QUERY_RESTRICTIONS, raise_unmatched=False)
    215
    216            if not kind:
    217                return None
    218
    219            return self.expression(
    220                exp.QueryOption,
    221                this=kind,
    222                expression=self._match(TokenType.CONSTRAINT) and self._parse_field(),
    223            )
    224
    225        def _parse_json_exists(self) -> exp.JSONExists:
    226            this = self._parse_format_json(self._parse_bitwise())
    227            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    228            return self.expression(
    229                exp.JSONExists,
    230                this=this,
    231                path=self.dialect.to_json_path(self._parse_bitwise()),
    232                passing=self._match_text_seq("PASSING")
    233                and self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_alias(self._parse_bitwise())),
    234                on_condition=self._parse_on_condition(),
    235            )
    236
    237        def _parse_into(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Into]:
    238            # https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/lnpls/SELECT-INTO-statement.html
    239            bulk_collect = self._match(TokenType.BULK_COLLECT_INTO)
    240            if not bulk_collect and not self._match(TokenType.INTO):
    241                return None
    242
    243            index = self._index
    244
    245            expressions = self._parse_expressions()
    246            if len(expressions) == 1:
    247                self._retreat(index)
    248                self._match(TokenType.TABLE)
    249                return self.expression(
    250                    exp.Into, this=self._parse_table(schema=True), bulk_collect=bulk_collect
    251                )
    252
    253            return self.expression(exp.Into, bulk_collect=bulk_collect, expressions=expressions)

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS = {<TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>}
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Contains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': 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Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method 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Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 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'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': 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Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_timetostr_or_tochar>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNICODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLElement'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'SQUARE': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_DATE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'TRUNC': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IF': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NEXT': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSDATE': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS: Dict[str, Callable] = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CEIL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FLOOR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_ARRAY': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_ARRAYAGG': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXISTS': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTRIBUTED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DUPLICATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EMPTY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STREAMING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIVATE': <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>}
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = {<TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PREWHERE: 'PREWHERE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY: 'ORDER_SIBLINGS_BY'>: <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>: <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>}
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS = {<Type.DATE: 'DATE'>: <function Oracle.Parser.<lambda>>}
DISTINCT_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>}
QUERY_RESTRICTIONS: Dict[str, Sequence[Union[Sequence[str], str]]] = {'WITH': (('READ', 'ONLY'), ('CHECK', 'OPTION'))}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
  EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  DESCRIBE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  PARTITION_KEYWORDS
  AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS_TOKENS
  OPERATION_MODIFIERS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
  OPTIONAL_ALIAS_TOKEN_CTE
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Oracle.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    255    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    256        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
    257        JOIN_HINTS = False
    258        TABLE_HINTS = False
    259        DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED = True
    260        ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False
    261        LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH"
    262        TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS = "SAMPLE"
    263        LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False
    264        SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True
    265        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    266        QUERY_HINT_SEP = " "
    267
    268        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    269            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    270            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "NUMBER",
    271            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "NUMBER",
    272            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "NUMBER",
    273            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "NUMBER",
    274            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMBER",
    275            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "DOUBLE PRECISION",
    276            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "VARCHAR2",
    277            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "NVARCHAR2",
    278            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "NCHAR",
    279            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "CLOB",
    280            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    281            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    282            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BLOB",
    283            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BLOB",
    284            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BLOB",
    285        }
    286
    287        TRANSFORMS = {
    288            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    289            exp.DateStrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
    290                "TO_DATE", e.this, exp.Literal.string("YYYY-MM-DD")
    291            ),
    292            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("TRUNC", e.this, e.unit),
    293            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    294            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    295            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("MAX"),
    296            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("MIN"),
    297            exp.Mod: rename_func("MOD"),
    298            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    299                [
    300                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    301                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    302                ]
    303            ),
    304            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(
    305                self, e, str_position_func_name="INSTR"
    306            ),
    307            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    308            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    309            exp.Subquery: lambda self, e: self.subquery_sql(e, sep=" "),
    310            exp.Substring: rename_func("SUBSTR"),
    311            exp.Table: lambda self, e: self.table_sql(e, sep=" "),
    312            exp.TableSample: lambda self, e: self.tablesample_sql(e),
    313            exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda _, e: f"{e.name or 'GLOBAL'} TEMPORARY",
    314            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_CHAR", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    315            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    316            exp.ToNumber: to_number_with_nls_param,
    317            exp.Trim: _trim_sql,
    318            exp.Unicode: lambda self, e: f"ASCII(UNISTR({self.sql(e.this)}))",
    319            exp.UnixToTime: lambda self,
    320            e: f"TO_DATE('1970-01-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD') + ({self.sql(e, 'this')} / 86400)",
    321        }
    322
    323        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    324            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    325            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    326        }
    327
    328        def currenttimestamp_sql(self, expression: exp.CurrentTimestamp) -> str:
    329            if expression.args.get("sysdate"):
    330                return "SYSDATE"
    331
    332            this = expression.this
    333            return self.func("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP", this) if this else "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"
    334
    335        def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str:
    336            return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS"
    337
    338        def add_column_sql(self, expression: exp.Alter) -> str:
    339            actions = self.expressions(expression, key="actions", flat=True)
    340            if len(expression.args.get("actions", [])) > 1:
    341                return f"ADD ({actions})"
    342            return f"ADD {actions}"
    343
    344        def queryoption_sql(self, expression: exp.QueryOption) -> str:
    345            option = self.sql(expression, "this")
    346            value = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    347            value = f" CONSTRAINT {value}" if value else ""
    348
    349            return f"{option}{value}"
    350
    351        def coalesce_sql(self, expression: exp.Coalesce) -> str:
    352            func_name = "NVL" if expression.args.get("is_nvl") else "COALESCE"
    353            return rename_func(func_name)(self, expression)
    354
    355        def into_sql(self, expression: exp.Into) -> str:
    356            into = "INTO" if not expression.args.get("bulk_collect") else "BULK COLLECT INTO"
    357            if expression.this:
    358                return f"{self.seg(into)} {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    359
    360            return f"{self.seg(into)} {self.expressions(expression)}"
    361
    362        def hint_sql(self, expression: exp.Hint) -> str:
    363            expressions = []
    364
    365            for expression in expression.expressions:
    366                if isinstance(expression, exp.Anonymous):
    367                    formatted_args = self.format_args(*expression.expressions, sep=" ")
    368                    expressions.append(f"{self.sql(expression, 'this')}({formatted_args})")
    369                else:
    370                    expressions.append(self.sql(expression))
    371
    372            return f" /*+ {self.expressions(sqls=expressions, sep=self.QUERY_HINT_SEP).strip()} */"
    373
    374        def isascii_sql(self, expression: exp.IsAscii) -> str:
    375            return f"NVL(REGEXP_LIKE({self.sql(expression.this)}, '^[' || CHR(1) || '-' || CHR(127) || ']*$'), TRUE)"

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED = True
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'FETCH'
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS = 'SAMPLE'
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
QUERY_HINT_SEP = ' '
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'NCHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'NVARCHAR2', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'BLOB', <Type.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'NUMBER', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'NUMBER', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'NUMBER', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'NUMBER', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMBER', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'DOUBLE PRECISION', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR2', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'CLOB', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BLOB', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BLOB'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeWith'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingData'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mod'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Subquery'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TableSample'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>: <function to_number_with_nls_param>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function _trim_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function Oracle.Generator.<lambda>>}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
def currenttimestamp_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp) -> str: View Source

    328        def currenttimestamp_sql(self, expression: exp.CurrentTimestamp) -> str:
    329            if expression.args.get("sysdate"):
    330                return "SYSDATE"
    331
    332            this = expression.this
    333            return self.func("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP", this) if this else "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"

def offset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Offset) -> str: View Source

    335        def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str:
    336            return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS"

def add_column_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Alter) -> str: View Source

    338        def add_column_sql(self, expression: exp.Alter) -> str:
    339            actions = self.expressions(expression, key="actions", flat=True)
    340            if len(expression.args.get("actions", [])) > 1:
    341                return f"ADD ({actions})"
    342            return f"ADD {actions}"

def queryoption_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.QueryOption) -> str: View Source

    344        def queryoption_sql(self, expression: exp.QueryOption) -> str:
    345            option = self.sql(expression, "this")
    346            value = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    347            value = f" CONSTRAINT {value}" if value else ""
    348
    349            return f"{option}{value}"

def coalesce_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce) -> str: View Source

    351        def coalesce_sql(self, expression: exp.Coalesce) -> str:
    352            func_name = "NVL" if expression.args.get("is_nvl") else "COALESCE"
    353            return rename_func(func_name)(self, expression)

def into_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Into) -> str: View Source

    355        def into_sql(self, expression: exp.Into) -> str:
    356            into = "INTO" if not expression.args.get("bulk_collect") else "BULK COLLECT INTO"
    357            if expression.this:
    358                return f"{self.seg(into)} {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    359
    360            return f"{self.seg(into)} {self.expressions(expression)}"

def hint_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Hint) -> str: View Source

    362        def hint_sql(self, expression: exp.Hint) -> str:
    363            expressions = []
    364
    365            for expression in expression.expressions:
    366                if isinstance(expression, exp.Anonymous):
    367                    formatted_args = self.format_args(*expression.expressions, sep=" ")
    368                    expressions.append(f"{self.sql(expression, 'this')}({formatted_args})")
    369                else:
    370                    expressions.append(self.sql(expression))
    371
    372            return f" /*+ {self.expressions(sqls=expressions, sep=self.QUERY_HINT_SEP).strip()} */"

def isascii_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.IsAscii) -> str: View Source

    374        def isascii_sql(self, expression: exp.IsAscii) -> str:
    375            return f"NVL(REGEXP_LIKE({self.sql(expression.this)}, '^[' || CHR(1) || '-' || CHR(127) || ']*$'), TRUE)"

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINTS
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  COLLATE_IS_FUNC
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  STAR_EXCEPT
  HEX_FUNC
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS
  ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
  SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
  SUPPORTS_MEDIAN
  SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS
  PARSE_JSON_NAME
  ARRAY_SIZE_NAME
  ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
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