sqlglot.dialects.presto API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.presto

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    NormalizationStrategy,
      9    binary_from_function,
     10    bool_xor_sql,
     11    date_trunc_to_time,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    encode_decode_sql,
     14    build_formatted_time,
     15    if_sql,
     16    left_to_substring_sql,
     17    no_ilike_sql,
     18    no_pivot_sql,
     19    no_safe_divide_sql,
     20    no_timestamp_sql,
     21    regexp_extract_sql,
     22    rename_func,
     23    right_to_substring_sql,
     24    sha256_sql,
     25    struct_extract_sql,
     26    str_position_sql,
     27    timestamptrunc_sql,
     28    timestrtotime_sql,
     29    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
     30    unit_to_str,
     31    sequence_sql,
     32    build_regexp_extract,
     33    explode_to_unnest_sql,
     34)
     35from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
     36from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
     37from sqlglot.helper import apply_index_offset, seq_get
     38from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     39from sqlglot.transforms import unqualify_columns
     40from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
     41
     42DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = t.Union[exp.DateAdd, exp.TimestampAdd, exp.DateSub]
     43
     44
     45def _initcap_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Initcap) -> str:
     46    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
     47    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
     48
     49
     50def _no_sort_array(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
     51    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
     52        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
     53    else:
     54        comparator = None
     55    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
     56
     57
     58def _schema_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
     59    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Property):
     60        columns = ", ".join(f"'{c.name}'" for c in expression.expressions)
     61        return f"ARRAY[{columns}]"
     62
     63    if expression.parent:
     64        for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
     65            column_defs = schema.find_all(exp.ColumnDef)
     66            if column_defs and isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
     67                expression.expressions.extend(column_defs)
     68
     69    return self.schema_sql(expression)
     70
     71
     72def _quantile_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
     73    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
     74    return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
     75
     76
     77def _str_to_time_sql(
     78    self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime | exp.TsOrDsToDate
     79) -> str:
     80    return self.func("DATE_PARSE", expression.this, self.format_time(expression))
     81
     82
     83def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
     84    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
     85    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.TIME_FORMAT, Presto.DATE_FORMAT):
     86        return self.sql(exp.cast(_str_to_time_sql(self, expression), exp.DataType.Type.DATE))
     87    return self.sql(
     88        exp.cast(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), exp.DataType.Type.DATE)
     89    )
     90
     91
     92def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
     93    expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
     94    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
     95    return self.func("DATE_ADD", unit, expression.expression, expression.this)
     96
     97
     98def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
     99    this = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    100    expr = exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    101    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
    102    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", unit, expr, this)
    103
    104
    105def _build_approx_percentile(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    106    if len(args) == 4:
    107        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    108            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    109            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
    110            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
    111            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
    112        )
    113    if len(args) == 3:
    114        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    115            this=seq_get(args, 0), quantile=seq_get(args, 1), accuracy=seq_get(args, 2)
    116        )
    117    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
    118
    119
    120def _build_from_unixtime(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    121    if len(args) == 3:
    122        return exp.UnixToTime(
    123            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    124            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
    125            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
    126        )
    127    if len(args) == 2:
    128        return exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0), zone=seq_get(args, 1))
    129
    130    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
    131
    132
    133def _first_last_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Func) -> str:
    134    """
    135    Trino doesn't support FIRST / LAST as functions, but they're valid in the context
    136    of MATCH_RECOGNIZE, so we need to preserve them in that case. In all other cases
    137    they're converted into an ARBITRARY call.
    138
    139    Reference: https://trino.io/docs/current/sql/match-recognize.html#logical-navigation-functions
    140    """
    141    if isinstance(expression.find_ancestor(exp.MatchRecognize, exp.Select), exp.MatchRecognize):
    142        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    143
    144    return rename_func("ARBITRARY")(self, expression)
    145
    146
    147def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    148    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    149    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
    150    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    151        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
    152
    153    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME(CAST({timestamp} AS DOUBLE) / POW(10, {scale}))"
    154
    155
    156def _to_int(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    157    if not expression.type:
    158        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    159
    160        annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    161    if expression.type and expression.type.this not in exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES:
    162        return exp.cast(expression, to=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
    163    return expression
    164
    165
    166def _build_to_char(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
    167    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
    168    if isinstance(fmt, exp.Literal):
    169        # We uppercase this to match Teradata's format mapping keys
    170        fmt.set("this", fmt.this.upper())
    171
    172    # We use "teradata" on purpose here, because the time formats are different in Presto.
    173    # See https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/teradata.html?highlight=to_char#to_char
    174    return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "teradata")(args)
    175
    176
    177def _date_delta_sql(
    178    name: str, negate_interval: bool = False
    179) -> t.Callable[[Presto.Generator, DATE_ADD_OR_SUB], str]:
    180    def _delta_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: DATE_ADD_OR_SUB) -> str:
    181        interval = _to_int(self, expression.expression)
    182        return self.func(
    183            name,
    184            unit_to_str(expression),
    185            interval * (-1) if negate_interval else interval,
    186            expression.this,
    187        )
    188
    189    return _delta_sql
    190
    191
    192class Presto(Dialect):
    193    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    194    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    195    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    196    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    197    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    198    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    199    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    200    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    201    SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False
    202
    203    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    204
    205    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    206    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    207    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    208    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    209
    210    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
    211    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
    212    ANNOTATORS = {
    213        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
    214        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    215        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    216        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
    217        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    218        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    219        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    220        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
    221        if e.this
    222        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
    223    }
    224
    225    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    226        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    227            (prefix + q, q)
    228            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    229            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    230        ]
    231
    232        KEYWORDS = {
    233            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    234            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    235            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    236            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    237            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    238            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    239            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    240            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    241            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    242            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    243            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    244            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    245        }
    246        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    247        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    248
    249    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    250        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    251
    252        FUNCTIONS = {
    253            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    254            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    255            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    256            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    257            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    258            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    259            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    260            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    261            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    262            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    263            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    264                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    265            ),
    266            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    267                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    268            ),
    269            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    270            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    271            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    272            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    273            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    274                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    275            ),
    276            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    277            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    278            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    279                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    280            ),
    281            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
    282            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    283            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    284            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    285            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    286                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    287                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    288                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    289            ),
    290            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    291            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    292            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    293            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    294            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    295                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    296            ),
    297            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    298            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    299            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    300                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    301            ),
    302            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    303            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    304            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    305        }
    306
    307        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    308        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    309
    310    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    311        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    312        JOIN_HINTS = False
    313        TABLE_HINTS = False
    314        QUERY_HINTS = False
    315        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    316        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    317        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    318        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    319        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    320        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    321        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    322        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    323        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    324        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    325        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    326        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    327        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    328        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    329        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
    330
    331        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    332            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    333            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    334            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    335        }
    336
    337        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    338            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    339            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    340            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    341            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    342            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    343            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    344            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    345            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    346            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    347            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    348            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    349            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    350            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    351        }
    352
    353        TRANSFORMS = {
    354            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    355            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    356            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    357            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    358            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    359            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    360            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    361            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    362            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    363            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    364            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    365            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    366            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    367            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    368                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    369            ),
    370            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    371            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    372            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    373                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    374            ),
    375            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    376            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    377            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
    378            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    379            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    380            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    381            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    382                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    383            ),
    384            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    385            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    386            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    387            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    388            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    389            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    390            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    391            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    392            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    393            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    394            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    395            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    396            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    397            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    398            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    399            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    400            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    401            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    402            exp.If: if_sql(),
    403            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    404            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    405            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.jsonextract_sql(e),
    406            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    407            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    408            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    409            exp.Lateral: explode_to_unnest_sql,
    410            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    411            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
    412                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
    413            ),
    414            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    415            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    416            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    417            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    418            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    419            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
    420            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    421            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    422            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    423            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    424            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    425                [
    426                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    427                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    428                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    429                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    430                ]
    431            ),
    432            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    433            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    434            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    435            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    436            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    437            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    438            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    439            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    440            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    441            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    442            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    443            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    444            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    445                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    446            ),
    447            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    448            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    449            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    450            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    451            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    452            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    453            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    454            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    455            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    456            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    457            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    458            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    459            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    460            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    461            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    462            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    463            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    464            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    465                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    466            ),
    467            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    468            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    469            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    470            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    471        }
    472
    473        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    474            "alter",
    475            "and",
    476            "as",
    477            "between",
    478            "by",
    479            "case",
    480            "cast",
    481            "constraint",
    482            "create",
    483            "cross",
    484            "current_time",
    485            "current_timestamp",
    486            "deallocate",
    487            "delete",
    488            "describe",
    489            "distinct",
    490            "drop",
    491            "else",
    492            "end",
    493            "escape",
    494            "except",
    495            "execute",
    496            "exists",
    497            "extract",
    498            "false",
    499            "for",
    500            "from",
    501            "full",
    502            "group",
    503            "having",
    504            "in",
    505            "inner",
    506            "insert",
    507            "intersect",
    508            "into",
    509            "is",
    510            "join",
    511            "left",
    512            "like",
    513            "natural",
    514            "not",
    515            "null",
    516            "on",
    517            "or",
    518            "order",
    519            "outer",
    520            "prepare",
    521            "right",
    522            "select",
    523            "table",
    524            "then",
    525            "true",
    526            "union",
    527            "using",
    528            "values",
    529            "when",
    530            "where",
    531            "with",
    532        }
    533
    534        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    535            this = expression.this
    536
    537            if not this.type:
    538                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    539
    540                this = annotate_types(this)
    541
    542            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    543                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    544
    545            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    546
    547        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    548            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    549            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    550            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    551            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    552            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    553            this = expression.this
    554            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    555            value_as_timestamp = (
    556                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    557            )
    558
    559            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    560
    561            formatted_value = self.func(
    562                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    563            )
    564            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    565                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    566                formatted_value,
    567                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    568            )
    569            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    570            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    571
    572        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    573            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    574                return self.func(
    575                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    576                    expression.this,
    577                    seq_get(
    578                        apply_index_offset(
    579                            expression.this,
    580                            expression.expressions,
    581                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    582                        ),
    583                        0,
    584                    ),
    585                )
    586            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    587
    588        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    589            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    590
    591            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    592            values: t.List[str] = []
    593            schema: t.List[str] = []
    594            unknown_type = False
    595
    596            for e in expression.expressions:
    597                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    598                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    599                        unknown_type = True
    600                    else:
    601                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    602                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    603                else:
    604                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    605
    606            size = len(expression.expressions)
    607
    608            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    609                if unknown_type:
    610                    self.unsupported(
    611                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    612                    )
    613                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    614            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    615
    616        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    617            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    618                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    619            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    620
    621        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    622            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    623            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    624            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    625
    626        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    627            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    628        ) -> t.List[str]:
    629            return [
    630                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    631                self.sql(limit),
    632            ]
    633
    634        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    635            """
    636            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    637            so we need to remove them
    638            """
    639            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    640            schema = expression.this
    641            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    642                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    643            return super().create_sql(expression)
    644
    645        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    646            """
    647            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    648            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    649            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    650            """
    651            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    652            if len(tables) > 1:
    653                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    654
    655            table = tables[0]
    656            expression.set("this", table)
    657            expression.set("tables", None)
    658
    659            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    660                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    661                if table_alias:
    662                    table_alias.pop()
    663                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    664
    665            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    666
    667        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    668            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    669
    670            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    671            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    672            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    673                return self.func(
    674                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    675                )
    676
    677            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    678
    679            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    680            segments = []
    681            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    682                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    683                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    684                    self.unsupported(
    685                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    686                    )
    687                    continue
    688                key = path_key.this
    689                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    690                    key = f'"{key}"'
    691                segments.append(f".{key}")
    692
    693            expr = "".join(segments)
    694
    695            return f"{this}{expr}"
    696
    697        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    698            return self.func(
    699                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    700                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    701                expression.args.get("separator"),
    702            )

DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = typing.Union[sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd, sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd, sqlglot.expressions.DateSub]
class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    193class Presto(Dialect):
    194    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    195    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    196    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    197    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    198    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    199    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    200    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    201    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    202    SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False
    203
    204    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    205
    206    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    207    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    208    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    209    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    210
    211    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
    212    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
    213    ANNOTATORS = {
    214        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
    215        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    216        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    217        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
    218        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    219        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    220        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    221        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
    222        if e.this
    223        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
    224    }
    225
    226    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    227        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    228            (prefix + q, q)
    229            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    230            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    231        ]
    232
    233        KEYWORDS = {
    234            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    235            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    236            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    237            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    238            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    239            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    240            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    241            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    242            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    243            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    244            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    245            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    246        }
    247        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    248        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    249
    250    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    251        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    252
    253        FUNCTIONS = {
    254            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    255            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    256            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    257            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    258            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    259            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    260            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    261            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    262            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    263            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    264            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    265                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    266            ),
    267            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    268                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    269            ),
    270            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    271            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    272            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    273            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    274            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    275                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    276            ),
    277            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    278            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    279            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    280                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    281            ),
    282            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
    283            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    284            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    285            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    286            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    287                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    288                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    289                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    290            ),
    291            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    292            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    293            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    294            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    295            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    296                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    297            ),
    298            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    299            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    300            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    301                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    302            ),
    303            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    304            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    305            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    306        }
    307
    308        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    309        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    310
    311    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    312        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    313        JOIN_HINTS = False
    314        TABLE_HINTS = False
    315        QUERY_HINTS = False
    316        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    317        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    318        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    319        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    320        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    321        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    322        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    323        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    324        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    325        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    326        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    327        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    328        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    329        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    330        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
    331
    332        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    333            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    334            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    335            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    336        }
    337
    338        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    339            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    340            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    341            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    342            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    343            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    344            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    345            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    346            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    347            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    348            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    349            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    350            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    351            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    352        }
    353
    354        TRANSFORMS = {
    355            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    356            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    357            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    358            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    359            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    360            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    361            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    362            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    363            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    364            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    365            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    366            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    367            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    368            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    369                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    370            ),
    371            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    372            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    373            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    374                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    375            ),
    376            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    377            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    378            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
    379            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    380            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    381            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    382            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    383                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    384            ),
    385            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    386            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    387            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    388            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    389            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    390            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    391            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    392            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    393            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    394            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    395            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    396            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    397            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    398            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    399            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    400            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    401            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    402            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    403            exp.If: if_sql(),
    404            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    405            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    406            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.jsonextract_sql(e),
    407            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    408            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    409            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    410            exp.Lateral: explode_to_unnest_sql,
    411            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    412            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
    413                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
    414            ),
    415            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    416            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    417            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    418            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    419            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    420            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
    421            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    422            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    423            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    424            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    425            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    426                [
    427                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    428                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    429                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    430                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    431                ]
    432            ),
    433            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    434            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    435            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    436            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    437            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    438            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    439            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    440            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    441            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    442            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    443            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    444            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    445            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    446                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    447            ),
    448            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    449            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    450            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    451            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    452            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    453            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    454            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    455            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    456            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    457            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    458            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    459            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    460            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    461            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    462            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    463            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    464            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    465            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    466                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    467            ),
    468            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    469            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    470            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    471            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    472        }
    473
    474        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    475            "alter",
    476            "and",
    477            "as",
    478            "between",
    479            "by",
    480            "case",
    481            "cast",
    482            "constraint",
    483            "create",
    484            "cross",
    485            "current_time",
    486            "current_timestamp",
    487            "deallocate",
    488            "delete",
    489            "describe",
    490            "distinct",
    491            "drop",
    492            "else",
    493            "end",
    494            "escape",
    495            "except",
    496            "execute",
    497            "exists",
    498            "extract",
    499            "false",
    500            "for",
    501            "from",
    502            "full",
    503            "group",
    504            "having",
    505            "in",
    506            "inner",
    507            "insert",
    508            "intersect",
    509            "into",
    510            "is",
    511            "join",
    512            "left",
    513            "like",
    514            "natural",
    515            "not",
    516            "null",
    517            "on",
    518            "or",
    519            "order",
    520            "outer",
    521            "prepare",
    522            "right",
    523            "select",
    524            "table",
    525            "then",
    526            "true",
    527            "union",
    528            "using",
    529            "values",
    530            "when",
    531            "where",
    532            "with",
    533        }
    534
    535        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    536            this = expression.this
    537
    538            if not this.type:
    539                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    540
    541                this = annotate_types(this)
    542
    543            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    544                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    545
    546            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    547
    548        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    549            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    550            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    551            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    552            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    553            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    554            this = expression.this
    555            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    556            value_as_timestamp = (
    557                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    558            )
    559
    560            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    561
    562            formatted_value = self.func(
    563                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    564            )
    565            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    566                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    567                formatted_value,
    568                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    569            )
    570            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    571            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    572
    573        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    574            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    575                return self.func(
    576                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    577                    expression.this,
    578                    seq_get(
    579                        apply_index_offset(
    580                            expression.this,
    581                            expression.expressions,
    582                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    583                        ),
    584                        0,
    585                    ),
    586                )
    587            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    588
    589        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    590            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    591
    592            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    593            values: t.List[str] = []
    594            schema: t.List[str] = []
    595            unknown_type = False
    596
    597            for e in expression.expressions:
    598                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    599                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    600                        unknown_type = True
    601                    else:
    602                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    603                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    604                else:
    605                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    606
    607            size = len(expression.expressions)
    608
    609            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    610                if unknown_type:
    611                    self.unsupported(
    612                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    613                    )
    614                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    615            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    616
    617        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    618            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    619                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    620            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    621
    622        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    623            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    624            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    625            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    626
    627        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    628            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    629        ) -> t.List[str]:
    630            return [
    631                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    632                self.sql(limit),
    633            ]
    634
    635        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    636            """
    637            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    638            so we need to remove them
    639            """
    640            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    641            schema = expression.this
    642            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    643                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    644            return super().create_sql(expression)
    645
    646        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    647            """
    648            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    649            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    650            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    651            """
    652            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    653            if len(tables) > 1:
    654                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    655
    656            table = tables[0]
    657            expression.set("this", table)
    658            expression.set("tables", None)
    659
    660            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    661                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    662                if table_alias:
    663                    table_alias.pop()
    664                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    665
    666            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    667
    668        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    669            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    670
    671            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    672            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    673            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    674                return self.func(
    675                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    676                )
    677
    678            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    679
    680            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    681            segments = []
    682            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    683                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    684                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    685                    self.unsupported(
    686                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    687                    )
    688                    continue
    689                key = path_key.this
    690                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    691                    key = f'"{key}"'
    692                segments.append(f".{key}")
    693
    694            expr = "".join(segments)
    695
    696            return f"{this}{expr}"
    697
    698        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    699            return self.func(
    700                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    701                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    702                expression.args.get("separator"),
    703            )

INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether `CONCAT`'s arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of `a / b` depends on the types of `a` and `b`. False means `a / b` is always float division. True means `a / b` is integer division if both `a` and `b` are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = None

Whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function. Possible values: `True`, `False`, `None` (two arguments are not supported by `LOG`)

SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False

Whether the DEFAULT keyword is supported in the VALUES clause.

TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%A'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

ANNOTATORS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Neg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Not'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Paren'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAlias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Add'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Binary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Connector'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DPipe'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distance'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Div'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Dot'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Escape'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Glob'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Kwarg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Like'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mod'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mul'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeNEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PropertyEQ'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SimilarTo'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Slice'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sub'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Boolean'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Between'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDateStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToTimeStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Anonymous'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Bracket'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distinct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Filter'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Interval'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Literal'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Null'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unnest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Presto.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Presto.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%A': '%W'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
  FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION
  EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY
  SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL
  HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS
  STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX
  ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR
  ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS
  PROMOTE_TO_INFERRED_DATETIME_TYPE
  NUMBERS_CAN_BE_UNDERSCORE_SEPARATED
  REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP
  SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT
  CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    226    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    227        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    228            (prefix + q, q)
    229            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    230            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    231        ]
    232
    233        KEYWORDS = {
    234            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    235            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    236            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    237            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    238            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    239            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    240            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    241            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    242            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    243            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    244            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    245            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    246        }
    247        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    248        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")

UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'DEALLOCATE PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'DESCRIBE INPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'DESCRIBE OUTPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RESET SESSION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEX_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  QUOTES
  STRING_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  NESTED_COMMENTS
  HINT_START
  TOKENS_PRECEDING_HINT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  use_rs_tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    250    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    251        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    252
    253        FUNCTIONS = {
    254            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    255            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    256            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    257            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    258            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    259            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    260            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    261            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    262            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    263            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    264            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    265                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    266            ),
    267            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    268                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    269            ),
    270            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    271            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    272            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    273            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    274            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    275                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    276            ),
    277            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    278            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    279            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    280                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    281            ),
    282            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
    283            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    284            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    285            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    286            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    287                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    288                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    289                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    290            ),
    291            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    292            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    293            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    294            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    295            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    296                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    297            ),
    298            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    299            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    300            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    301                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    302            ),
    303            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    304            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    305            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    306        }
    307
    308        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    309        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FeaturesAtTime'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'INT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>>, 'IS_ASCII': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsAscii'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHAR_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHARACTER_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <function build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_to_char>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNICODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLElement'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'ARBITRARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <function _build_approx_percentile>, 'BITWISE_AND': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_NOT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_OR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CARDINALITY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_PARSE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'ELEMENT_AT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function _build_from_unixtime>, 'FROM_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'ROW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'SEQUENCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'SPLIT_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STRPOS': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_UNIXTIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TO_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA256': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CEIL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FLOOR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  PROPERTY_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
  EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  DESCRIBE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  PARTITION_KEYWORDS
  AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS_TOKENS
  OPERATION_MODIFIERS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
  OPTIONAL_ALIAS_TOKEN_CTE
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    311    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    312        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    313        JOIN_HINTS = False
    314        TABLE_HINTS = False
    315        QUERY_HINTS = False
    316        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    317        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    318        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    319        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    320        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    321        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    322        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    323        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    324        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    325        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    326        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    327        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    328        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    329        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    330        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
    331
    332        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    333            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    334            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    335            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    336        }
    337
    338        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    339            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    340            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    341            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    342            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    343            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    344            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    345            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    346            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    347            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    348            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    349            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    350            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    351            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    352        }
    353
    354        TRANSFORMS = {
    355            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    356            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    357            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    358            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    359            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    360            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    361            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    362            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    363            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    364            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    365            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    366            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    367            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    368            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    369                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    370            ),
    371            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    372            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    373            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    374                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    375            ),
    376            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    377            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    378            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
    379            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    380            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    381            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    382            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    383                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    384            ),
    385            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    386            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    387            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    388            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    389            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    390            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    391            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    392            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    393            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    394            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    395            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    396            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    397            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    398            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    399            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    400            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    401            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    402            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    403            exp.If: if_sql(),
    404            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    405            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    406            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.jsonextract_sql(e),
    407            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    408            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    409            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    410            exp.Lateral: explode_to_unnest_sql,
    411            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    412            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
    413                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
    414            ),
    415            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    416            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    417            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    418            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    419            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    420            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
    421            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    422            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    423            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    424            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    425            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    426                [
    427                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    428                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    429                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    430                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    431                ]
    432            ),
    433            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    434            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    435            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    436            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    437            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    438            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    439            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    440            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    441            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    442            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    443            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    444            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    445            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    446                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    447            ),
    448            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    449            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    450            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    451            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    452            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    453            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    454            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    455            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    456            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    457            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    458            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    459            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    460            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    461            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    462            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    463            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    464            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    465            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    466                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    467            ),
    468            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    469            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    470            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    471            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    472        }
    473
    474        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    475            "alter",
    476            "and",
    477            "as",
    478            "between",
    479            "by",
    480            "case",
    481            "cast",
    482            "constraint",
    483            "create",
    484            "cross",
    485            "current_time",
    486            "current_timestamp",
    487            "deallocate",
    488            "delete",
    489            "describe",
    490            "distinct",
    491            "drop",
    492            "else",
    493            "end",
    494            "escape",
    495            "except",
    496            "execute",
    497            "exists",
    498            "extract",
    499            "false",
    500            "for",
    501            "from",
    502            "full",
    503            "group",
    504            "having",
    505            "in",
    506            "inner",
    507            "insert",
    508            "intersect",
    509            "into",
    510            "is",
    511            "join",
    512            "left",
    513            "like",
    514            "natural",
    515            "not",
    516            "null",
    517            "on",
    518            "or",
    519            "order",
    520            "outer",
    521            "prepare",
    522            "right",
    523            "select",
    524            "table",
    525            "then",
    526            "true",
    527            "union",
    528            "using",
    529            "values",
    530            "when",
    531            "where",
    532            "with",
    533        }
    534
    535        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    536            this = expression.this
    537
    538            if not this.type:
    539                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    540
    541                this = annotate_types(this)
    542
    543            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    544                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    545
    546            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    547
    548        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    549            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    550            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    551            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    552            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    553            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    554            this = expression.this
    555            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    556            value_as_timestamp = (
    557                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    558            )
    559
    560            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    561
    562            formatted_value = self.func(
    563                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    564            )
    565            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    566                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    567                formatted_value,
    568                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    569            )
    570            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    571            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    572
    573        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    574            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    575                return self.func(
    576                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    577                    expression.this,
    578                    seq_get(
    579                        apply_index_offset(
    580                            expression.this,
    581                            expression.expressions,
    582                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    583                        ),
    584                        0,
    585                    ),
    586                )
    587            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    588
    589        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    590            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    591
    592            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    593            values: t.List[str] = []
    594            schema: t.List[str] = []
    595            unknown_type = False
    596
    597            for e in expression.expressions:
    598                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    599                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    600                        unknown_type = True
    601                    else:
    602                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    603                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    604                else:
    605                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    606
    607            size = len(expression.expressions)
    608
    609            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    610                if unknown_type:
    611                    self.unsupported(
    612                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    613                    )
    614                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    615            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    616
    617        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    618            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    619                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    620            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    621
    622        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    623            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    624            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    625            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    626
    627        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    628            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    629        ) -> t.List[str]:
    630            return [
    631                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    632                self.sql(limit),
    633            ]
    634
    635        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    636            """
    637            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    638            so we need to remove them
    639            """
    640            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    641            schema = expression.this
    642            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    643                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    644            return super().create_sql(expression)
    645
    646        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    647            """
    648            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    649            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    650            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    651            """
    652            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    653            if len(tables) > 1:
    654                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    655
    656            table = tables[0]
    657            expression.set("this", table)
    658            expression.set("tables", None)
    659
    660            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    661                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    662                if table_alias:
    663                    table_alias.pop()
    664                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    665
    666            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    667
    668        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    669            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    670
    671            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    672            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    673            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    674                return self.func(
    675                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    676                )
    677
    678            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    679
    680            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    681            segments = []
    682            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    683                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    684                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    685                    self.unsupported(
    686                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    687                    )
    688                    continue
    689                key = path_key.this
    690                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    691                    key = f'"{key}"'
    692                segments.append(f".{key}")
    693
    694            expr = "".join(segments)
    695
    696            return f"{this}{expr}"
    697
    698        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    699            return self.func(
    700                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    701                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    702                expression.args.get("separator"),
    703            )

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
PARSE_JSON_NAME = 'JSON_PARSE'
PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = 'CARDINALITY'
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>: 'BOOLEAN', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>: 'HYPERLOGLOG', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'ROW', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeWith'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingData'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _initcap_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lateral'>: <function explode_to_unnest_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _quantile_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function no_safe_divide_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Schema'>: <function _schema_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _no_sort_array>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithinGroup'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'current_time', 'false', 'prepare', 'is', 'for', 'using', 'current_timestamp', 'union', 'with', 'inner', 'else', 'full', 'end', 'between', 'describe', 'exists', 'extract', 'intersect', 'natural', 'and', 'or', 'not', 'escape', 'group', 'having', 'create', 'where', 'execute', 'by', 'alter', 'like', 'right', 'distinct', 'select', 'deallocate', 'then', 'cross', 'join', 'outer', 'table', 'in', 'constraint', 'drop', 'order', 'as', 'left', 'when', 'delete', 'true', 'insert', 'null', 'case', 'into', 'on', 'cast', 'values', 'from', 'except'}
def md5_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.MD5) -> str: View Source

    535        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    536            this = expression.this
    537
    538            if not this.type:
    539                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    540
    541                this = annotate_types(this)
    542
    543            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    544                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    545
    546            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))

def strtounix_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix) -> str: View Source

    548        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    549            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    550            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    551            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    552            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    553            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    554            this = expression.this
    555            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    556            value_as_timestamp = (
    557                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    558            )
    559
    560            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    561
    562            formatted_value = self.func(
    563                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    564            )
    565            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    566                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    567                formatted_value,
    568                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    569            )
    570            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    571            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str: View Source

    573        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    574            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    575                return self.func(
    576                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    577                    expression.this,
    578                    seq_get(
    579                        apply_index_offset(
    580                            expression.this,
    581                            expression.expressions,
    582                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    583                        ),
    584                        0,
    585                    ),
    586                )
    587            return super().bracket_sql(expression)

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    589        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    590            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    591
    592            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    593            values: t.List[str] = []
    594            schema: t.List[str] = []
    595            unknown_type = False
    596
    597            for e in expression.expressions:
    598                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    599                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    600                        unknown_type = True
    601                    else:
    602                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    603                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    604                else:
    605                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    606
    607            size = len(expression.expressions)
    608
    609            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    610                if unknown_type:
    611                    self.unsupported(
    612                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    613                    )
    614                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    615            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"

def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str: View Source

    617        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    618            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    619                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    620            return super().interval_sql(expression)

def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str: View Source

    622        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    623            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    624            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    625            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"

def offset_limit_modifiers( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: Union[sqlglot.expressions.Fetch, sqlglot.expressions.Limit, NoneType]) -> List[str]: View Source

    627        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    628            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    629        ) -> t.List[str]:
    630            return [
    631                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    632                self.sql(limit),
    633            ]

def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str: View Source

    635        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    636            """
    637            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    638            so we need to remove them
    639            """
    640            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    641            schema = expression.this
    642            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    643                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    644            return super().create_sql(expression)

Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression), so we need to remove them

def delete_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Delete) -> str: View Source

    646        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    647            """
    648            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    649            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    650            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    651            """
    652            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    653            if len(tables) > 1:
    654                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    655
    656            table = tables[0]
    657            expression.set("this", table)
    658            expression.set("tables", None)
    659
    660            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    661                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    662                if table_alias:
    663                    table_alias.pop()
    664                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    665
    666            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.

def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract) -> str: View Source

    668        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    669            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    670
    671            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    672            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    673            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    674                return self.func(
    675                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    676                )
    677
    678            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    679
    680            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    681            segments = []
    682            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    683                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    684                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    685                    self.unsupported(
    686                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    687                    )
    688                    continue
    689                key = path_key.this
    690                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    691                    key = f'"{key}"'
    692                segments.append(f".{key}")
    693
    694            expr = "".join(segments)
    695
    696            return f"{this}{expr}"

def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat) -> str: View Source

    698        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    699            return self.func(
    700                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    701                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    702                expression.args.get("separator"),
    703            )

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  COLLATE_IS_FUNC
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  TRY_SUPPORTED
  SUPPORTS_UESCAPE
  STAR_EXCEPT
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS
  ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
  SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
  SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS
  ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  groupingsets_sql
  rollup_sql
  cube_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  unnest_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  alterrename_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  alterset_sql
  alter_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  trycast_sql
  try_sql
  log_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  ceil_floor
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  whens_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  tonumber_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  duplicatekeyproperty_sql
  uniquekeyproperty_sql
  distributedbyproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodatetime_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql
  datadeletionproperty_sql
  maskingpolicycolumnconstraint_sql
  gapfill_sql
  scope_resolution
  scoperesolution_sql
  parsejson_sql
  rand_sql
  changes_sql
  pad_sql
  summarize_sql
  explodinggenerateseries_sql
  arrayconcat_sql
  converttimezone_sql
  json_sql
  jsonvalue_sql
  conditionalinsert_sql
  multitableinserts_sql
  oncondition_sql
  jsonexists_sql
  arrayagg_sql
  apply_sql
  grant_sql
  grantprivilege_sql
  grantprincipal_sql
  columns_sql
  overlay_sql
  todouble_sql
  string_sql
  median_sql
  overflowtruncatebehavior_sql
  unixseconds_sql
  arraysize_sql
  attach_sql
  detach_sql
  attachoption_sql
  featuresattime_sql
  watermarkcolumnconstraint_sql
  encodeproperty_sql
  includeproperty_sql
  xmlelement_sql
  partitionbyrangeproperty_sql
  partitionbyrangepropertydynamic_sql
  unpivotcolumns_sql
  analyzesample_sql
  analyzestatistics_sql
  analyzehistogram_sql
  analyzedelete_sql
  analyzelistchainedrows_sql
  analyzevalidate_sql
  analyze_sql
  xmltable_sql