sqlglot.dialects.snowflake API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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       1from __future__ import annotations
       2
       3import typing as t
       4
       5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
       6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
       7    Dialect,
       8    NormalizationStrategy,
       9    binary_from_function,
      10    build_default_decimal_type,
      11    build_timestamp_from_parts,
      12    date_delta_sql,
      13    date_trunc_to_time,
      14    datestrtodate_sql,
      15    build_formatted_time,
      16    if_sql,
      17    inline_array_sql,
      18    max_or_greatest,
      19    min_or_least,
      20    rename_func,
      21    timestamptrunc_sql,
      22    timestrtotime_sql,
      23    var_map_sql,
      24    map_date_part,
      25)
      26from sqlglot.helper import flatten, is_float, is_int, seq_get
      27from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
      28
      29if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
      30    from sqlglot._typing import E
      31
      32
      33# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
      34def _build_datetime(
      35    name: str, kind: exp.DataType.Type, safe: bool = False
      36) -> t.Callable[[t.List], exp.Func]:
      37    def _builder(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
      38        value = seq_get(args, 0)
      39        int_value = value is not None and is_int(value.name)
      40
      41        if isinstance(value, exp.Literal):
      42            # Converts calls like `TO_TIME('01:02:03')` into casts
      43            if len(args) == 1 and value.is_string and not int_value:
      44                return exp.cast(value, kind)
      45
      46            # Handles `TO_TIMESTAMP(str, fmt)` and `TO_TIMESTAMP(num, scale)` as special
      47            # cases so we can transpile them, since they're relatively common
      48            if kind == exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP:
      49                if int_value:
      50                    return exp.UnixToTime(this=value, scale=seq_get(args, 1))
      51                if not is_float(value.this):
      52                    return build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
      53
      54        if kind == exp.DataType.Type.DATE and not int_value:
      55            formatted_exp = build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "snowflake")(args)
      56            formatted_exp.set("safe", safe)
      57            return formatted_exp
      58
      59        return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
      60
      61    return _builder
      62
      63
      64def _build_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
      65    expression = parser.build_var_map(args)
      66
      67    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
      68        return expression
      69
      70    return exp.Struct(
      71        expressions=[
      72            exp.PropertyEQ(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
      73        ]
      74    )
      75
      76
      77def _build_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
      78    return exp.DateDiff(
      79        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
      80    )
      81
      82
      83def _build_date_time_add(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
      84    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
      85        return expr_type(
      86            this=seq_get(args, 2),
      87            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
      88            unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
      89        )
      90
      91    return _builder
      92
      93
      94# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
      95def _build_if_from_div0(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
      96    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
      97    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
      98    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
      99    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
     100
     101
     102# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     103def _build_if_from_zeroifnull(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     104    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
     105    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     106
     107
     108# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     109def _build_if_from_nullifzero(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     110    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
     111    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     112
     113
     114def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
     115    flag = expression.text("flag")
     116
     117    if "i" not in flag:
     118        flag += "i"
     119
     120    return self.func(
     121        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
     122    )
     123
     124
     125def _build_convert_timezone(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.Anonymous, exp.AtTimeZone]:
     126    if len(args) == 3:
     127        return exp.Anonymous(this="CONVERT_TIMEZONE", expressions=args)
     128    return exp.AtTimeZone(this=seq_get(args, 1), zone=seq_get(args, 0))
     129
     130
     131def _build_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
     132    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
     133
     134    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
     135        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
     136
     137    return regexp_replace
     138
     139
     140def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
     141    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
     142        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
     143
     144    return _parse
     145
     146
     147def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
     148    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
     149    trunc.set("unit", map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
     150    return trunc
     151
     152
     153def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     154    """
     155    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
     156    so we need to unqualify them.
     157
     158    Example:
     159        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
     160        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
     161        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
     162        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
     163    """
     164    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
     165        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
     166
     167    return expression
     168
     169
     170def _flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     171    assert isinstance(expression, exp.Create)
     172
     173    def _flatten_structured_type(expression: exp.DataType) -> exp.DataType:
     174        if expression.this in exp.DataType.NESTED_TYPES:
     175            expression.set("expressions", None)
     176        return expression
     177
     178    props = expression.args.get("properties")
     179    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Schema) and not (props and props.find(exp.IcebergProperty)):
     180        for schema_expression in expression.this.expressions:
     181            if isinstance(schema_expression, exp.ColumnDef):
     182                column_type = schema_expression.kind
     183                if isinstance(column_type, exp.DataType):
     184                    column_type.transform(_flatten_structured_type, copy=False)
     185
     186    return expression
     187
     188
     189class Snowflake(Dialect):
     190    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     191    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     192    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     193    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     194    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     195    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     196    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     197    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     198    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     199
     200    TIME_MAPPING = {
     201        "YYYY": "%Y",
     202        "yyyy": "%Y",
     203        "YY": "%y",
     204        "yy": "%y",
     205        "MMMM": "%B",
     206        "mmmm": "%B",
     207        "MON": "%b",
     208        "mon": "%b",
     209        "MM": "%m",
     210        "mm": "%m",
     211        "DD": "%d",
     212        "dd": "%-d",
     213        "DY": "%a",
     214        "dy": "%w",
     215        "HH24": "%H",
     216        "hh24": "%H",
     217        "HH12": "%I",
     218        "hh12": "%I",
     219        "MI": "%M",
     220        "mi": "%M",
     221        "SS": "%S",
     222        "ss": "%S",
     223        "FF": "%f",
     224        "ff": "%f",
     225        "FF6": "%f",
     226        "ff6": "%f",
     227    }
     228
     229    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     230        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     231        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     232        if (
     233            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     234            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     235            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     236        ):
     237            return expression  # type: ignore
     238
     239        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     240
     241    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     242        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     243        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     244        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
     245
     246        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     247            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     248            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     249        }
     250
     251        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     252        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     253
     254        FUNCTIONS = {
     255            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     256            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     257            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
     258            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
     259            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     260                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     261            ),
     262            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     263                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     264                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     265                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     266                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     267            ),
     268            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     269            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     270            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
     271            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
     272            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     273            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     274            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     275            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     276            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     277            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     278            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     279                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     280            ),
     281            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     282            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     283                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     284            ),
     285            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     286            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     287            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     288            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
     289                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
     290            ),
     291            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     292            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     293            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     294            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
     295            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     296            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     297            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     298            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     299            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     300            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     301            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     302            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     303            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
     304            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     305            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     306            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     307                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     308                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     309                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     310                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     311            ),
     312            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     313            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     314            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     315            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     316            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     317            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     318            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     319        }
     320
     321        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     322            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     323            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     324            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     325        }
     326        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     327
     328        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     329
     330        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     331            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     332            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     333            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     334        }
     335
     336        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     337            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     338            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     339                exp.Set,
     340                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     341                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     342                unset=True,
     343            ),
     344            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
     345        }
     346
     347        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     348            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     349            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     350        }
     351
     352        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     353            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     354            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     355        }
     356
     357        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
     358            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     359            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     360        }
     361
     362        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     363            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     364            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     365            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     366            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     367            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     368            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     369            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     370            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     371            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     372            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     373            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     374            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     375            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     376            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     377            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     378            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     379            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     380            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     381            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     382        }
     383
     384        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     385            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     386            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     387            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     388            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     389            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     390        }
     391
     392        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     393            TokenType.DOT,
     394            TokenType.MOD,
     395            TokenType.SLASH,
     396        }
     397
     398        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     399
     400        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     401
     402        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
     403
     404        LAMBDAS = {
     405            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     406            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     407                exp.Lambda,
     408                this=self._replace_lambda(
     409                    self._parse_assignment(),
     410                    expressions,
     411                ),
     412                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     413            ),
     414        }
     415
     416        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     417            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
     418                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
     419
     420            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
     421                policy = self._parse_column()
     422                return self.expression(
     423                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
     424                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     425                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
     426                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     427                )
     428            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
     429                policy = self._parse_column()
     430                return self.expression(
     431                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
     432                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     433                )
     434            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     435                return self.expression(
     436                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
     437                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
     438                )
     439
     440            return None
     441
     442        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     443            expression = super()._parse_create()
     444            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
     445                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     446                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     447
     448            return expression
     449
     450        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     451        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     452        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     453            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     454
     455            if not this:
     456                return None
     457
     458            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     459            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     460            this = map_date_part(this)
     461            name = this.name.upper()
     462
     463            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     464                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     465                    scale = 10**3
     466                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     467                    scale = 10**6
     468                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     469                    scale = 10**9
     470                else:
     471                    scale = None
     472
     473                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     474                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     475
     476                if scale:
     477                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     478
     479                return to_unix
     480
     481            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     482
     483        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     484            if is_map:
     485                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     486                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     487                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     488                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     489
     490            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
     491
     492        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     493            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     494            if not lateral:
     495                return lateral
     496
     497            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     498                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     499                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     500                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     501                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     502                elif not table_alias:
     503                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     504
     505            return lateral
     506
     507        def _parse_historical_data(self) -> t.Optional[exp.HistoricalData]:
     508            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
     509            index = self._index
     510            historical_data = None
     511            if self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX):
     512                this = self._prev.text.upper()
     513                kind = (
     514                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     515                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
     516                    and self._prev.text.upper()
     517                )
     518                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
     519
     520                if expression:
     521                    self._match_r_paren()
     522                    historical_data = self.expression(
     523                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
     524                    )
     525                else:
     526                    self._retreat(index)
     527
     528            return historical_data
     529
     530        def _parse_changes(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Changes]:
     531            if not self._match_text_seq("CHANGES", "(", "INFORMATION", "=>"):
     532                return None
     533
     534            information = self._parse_var(any_token=True)
     535            self._match_r_paren()
     536
     537            return self.expression(
     538                exp.Changes,
     539                information=information,
     540                at_before=self._parse_historical_data(),
     541                end=self._parse_historical_data(),
     542            )
     543
     544        def _parse_table_parts(
     545            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     546        ) -> exp.Table:
     547            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     548            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     549                table = self._parse_string()
     550            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     551                table = self._parse_location_path()
     552            else:
     553                table = None
     554
     555            if table:
     556                file_format = None
     557                pattern = None
     558
     559                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     560                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     561                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     562                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     563                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     564                        )
     565                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     566                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     567                    else:
     568                        break
     569
     570                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     571
     572                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     573            else:
     574                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     575
     576            changes = self._parse_changes()
     577            if changes:
     578                table.set("changes", changes)
     579
     580            at_before = self._parse_historical_data()
     581            if at_before:
     582                table.set("when", at_before)
     583
     584            return table
     585
     586        def _parse_id_var(
     587            self,
     588            any_token: bool = True,
     589            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     590        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     591            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     592                identifier = (
     593                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     594                    or self._parse_string()
     595                )
     596                self._match_r_paren()
     597                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     598
     599            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     600
     601        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     602            scope = None
     603            scope_kind = None
     604
     605            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     606            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     607            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     608
     609            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     610
     611            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     612
     613            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     614                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     615                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     616                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     617                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     618                    if self._curr:
     619                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     620                elif self._curr:
     621                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     622                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     623
     624            return self.expression(
     625                exp.Show,
     626                **{
     627                    "terse": terse,
     628                    "this": this,
     629                    "history": history,
     630                    "like": like,
     631                    "scope": scope,
     632                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     633                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     634                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     635                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     636                },
     637            )
     638
     639        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
     640            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
     641            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
     642
     643        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     644            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     645            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     646
     647        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     648            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     649            return (
     650                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
     651                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     652                else self._parse_table_parts()
     653            )
     654
     655        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     656            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     657
     658            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     659            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     660            # in case of subqueries
     661            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     662                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     663            ):
     664                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     665
     666            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     667
     668        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     669            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     670
     671            if not this:
     672                return this
     673
     674            typ = self._parse_types()
     675
     676            if typ:
     677                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     678
     679            return this
     680
     681    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     682        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     683        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     684        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     685        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     686
     687        KEYWORDS = {
     688            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     689            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     690            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     691            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     692            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     693            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     694            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     695            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     696            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     697            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     698            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     699            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     700            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     701            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     702            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     703            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     704            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     705            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     706            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     707            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     708            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     709            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
     710            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
     711        }
     712        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     713
     714        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     715            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     716            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     717        }
     718
     719        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     720
     721        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     722
     723    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     724        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     725        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     726        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     727        JOIN_HINTS = False
     728        TABLE_HINTS = False
     729        QUERY_HINTS = False
     730        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     731        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     732        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     733        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     734        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     735        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     736        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     737        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     738        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     739        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     740
     741        TRANSFORMS = {
     742            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     743            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     744            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     745            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     746            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     747            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
     748            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     749            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     750                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     751            ),
     752            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     753            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     754            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     755            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     756            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     757            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     758            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     759            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     760            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     761            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     762            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     763                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     764            ),
     765            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     766                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     767            ),
     768            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     769            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     770            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
     771            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     772                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     773            ),
     774            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     775            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     776            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     777            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     778            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     779            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     780            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     781            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     782                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     783            ),
     784            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     785            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     786                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     787            ),
     788            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     789                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     790            ),
     791            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     792            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     793            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     794            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     795                [
     796                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     797                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     798                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     799                ]
     800            ),
     801            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     802            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     803            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     804            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     805                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     806            ),
     807            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     808            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     809            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     810            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     811                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     812            ),
     813            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     814            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     815            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
     816                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
     817            ),
     818            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     819            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     820            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     821            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
     822            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     823            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     824            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     825                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     826            ),
     827            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     828            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     829            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     830            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     831        }
     832
     833        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     834            exp.JSONPathKey,
     835            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     836            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     837        }
     838
     839        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     840            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     841            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     842            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     843        }
     844
     845        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     846            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     847            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     848            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     849        }
     850
     851        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     852            exp.Map,
     853            exp.StarMap,
     854            exp.Struct,
     855            exp.VarMap,
     856        }
     857
     858        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     859            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     860
     861        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     862            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     863                values_as_table = False
     864
     865            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     866
     867        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     868            expressions = expression.expressions
     869            if (
     870                expressions
     871                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     872                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     873            ):
     874                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     875                return "OBJECT"
     876
     877            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     878
     879        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     880            return self.func(
     881                "TO_NUMBER",
     882                expression.this,
     883                expression.args.get("format"),
     884                expression.args.get("precision"),
     885                expression.args.get("scale"),
     886            )
     887
     888        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     889            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     890            if milli is not None:
     891                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     892                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     893
     894            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     895
     896        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
     897            value = expression.this
     898
     899            if value.type is None:
     900                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     901
     902                value = annotate_types(value)
     903
     904            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
     905                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
     906
     907            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
     908            return self.cast_sql(expression)
     909
     910        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
     911            if not expression.expression:
     912                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
     913
     914            return super().log_sql(expression)
     915
     916        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
     917            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     918            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
     919
     920            columns = [
     921                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
     922                exp.to_identifier("key"),
     923                exp.to_identifier("path"),
     924                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
     925                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
     926                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
     927                exp.to_identifier("this"),
     928            ]
     929
     930            if unnest_alias:
     931                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
     932            else:
     933                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
     934
     935            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
     936            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
     937            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
     938            return f"{explode}{alias}"
     939
     940        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
     941            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
     942            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
     943            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
     944            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
     945
     946            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
     947            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
     948
     949            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
     950            if scope_kind:
     951                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
     952
     953            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
     954            if starts_with:
     955                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
     956
     957            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
     958
     959            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
     960            if from_:
     961                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
     962
     963            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
     964
     965        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     966            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     967            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     968            group = expression.args.get("group")
     969            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
     970            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
     971            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
     972
     973            return self.func(
     974                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
     975                expression.this,
     976                expression.expression,
     977                position,
     978                occurrence,
     979                parameters,
     980                group,
     981            )
     982
     983        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
     984            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
     985                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
     986            return super().except_op(expression)
     987
     988        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
     989            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
     990                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
     991            return super().intersect_op(expression)
     992
     993        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
     994            # Default to table if kind is unknown
     995            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
     996            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
     997            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
     998            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
     999            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1000            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1001
    1002        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1003            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1004        ) -> str:
    1005            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1006            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1007            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1008            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1009            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1010
    1011        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1012            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1013            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    1014
    1015        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1016            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1017
    1018        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1019            keys = []
    1020            values = []
    1021
    1022            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1023                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1024                    keys.append(
    1025                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1026                    )
    1027                    values.append(e.expression)
    1028                else:
    1029                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1030                    values.append(e)
    1031
    1032            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1033
    1034        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1035            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
    1036                self.unsupported(
    1037                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
    1038                )
    1039
    1040            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1041
    1042        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1043            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1044            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1045            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1046            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1047            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1048            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1049            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1050            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1051
    1052            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

     190class Snowflake(Dialect):
     191    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     192    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     193    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     194    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     195    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     196    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     197    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     198    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     199    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     200
     201    TIME_MAPPING = {
     202        "YYYY": "%Y",
     203        "yyyy": "%Y",
     204        "YY": "%y",
     205        "yy": "%y",
     206        "MMMM": "%B",
     207        "mmmm": "%B",
     208        "MON": "%b",
     209        "mon": "%b",
     210        "MM": "%m",
     211        "mm": "%m",
     212        "DD": "%d",
     213        "dd": "%-d",
     214        "DY": "%a",
     215        "dy": "%w",
     216        "HH24": "%H",
     217        "hh24": "%H",
     218        "HH12": "%I",
     219        "hh12": "%I",
     220        "MI": "%M",
     221        "mi": "%M",
     222        "SS": "%S",
     223        "ss": "%S",
     224        "FF": "%f",
     225        "ff": "%f",
     226        "FF6": "%f",
     227        "ff6": "%f",
     228    }
     229
     230    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     231        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     232        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     233        if (
     234            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     235            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     236            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     237        ):
     238            return expression  # type: ignore
     239
     240        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     241
     242    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     243        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     244        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     245        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
     246
     247        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     248            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     249            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     250        }
     251
     252        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     253        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     254
     255        FUNCTIONS = {
     256            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     257            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     258            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
     259            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
     260            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     261                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     262            ),
     263            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     264                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     265                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     266                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     267                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     268            ),
     269            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     270            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     271            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
     272            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
     273            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     274            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     275            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     276            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     277            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     278            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     279            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     280                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     281            ),
     282            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     283            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     284                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     285            ),
     286            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     287            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     288            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     289            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
     290                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
     291            ),
     292            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     293            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     294            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     295            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
     296            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     297            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     298            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     299            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     300            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     301            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     302            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     303            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     304            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
     305            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     306            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     307            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     308                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     309                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     310                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     311                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     312            ),
     313            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     314            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     315            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     316            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     317            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     318            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     319            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     320        }
     321
     322        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     323            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     324            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     325            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     326        }
     327        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     328
     329        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     330
     331        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     332            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     333            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     334            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     335        }
     336
     337        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     338            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     339            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     340                exp.Set,
     341                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     342                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     343                unset=True,
     344            ),
     345            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
     346        }
     347
     348        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     349            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     350            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     351        }
     352
     353        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     354            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     355            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     356        }
     357
     358        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
     359            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     360            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     361        }
     362
     363        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     364            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     365            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     366            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     367            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     368            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     369            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     370            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     371            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     372            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     373            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     374            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     375            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     376            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     377            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     378            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     379            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     380            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     381            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     382            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     383        }
     384
     385        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     386            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     387            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     388            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     389            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     390            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     391        }
     392
     393        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     394            TokenType.DOT,
     395            TokenType.MOD,
     396            TokenType.SLASH,
     397        }
     398
     399        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     400
     401        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     402
     403        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
     404
     405        LAMBDAS = {
     406            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     407            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     408                exp.Lambda,
     409                this=self._replace_lambda(
     410                    self._parse_assignment(),
     411                    expressions,
     412                ),
     413                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     414            ),
     415        }
     416
     417        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     418            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
     419                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
     420
     421            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
     422                policy = self._parse_column()
     423                return self.expression(
     424                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
     425                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     426                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
     427                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     428                )
     429            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
     430                policy = self._parse_column()
     431                return self.expression(
     432                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
     433                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     434                )
     435            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     436                return self.expression(
     437                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
     438                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
     439                )
     440
     441            return None
     442
     443        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     444            expression = super()._parse_create()
     445            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
     446                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     447                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     448
     449            return expression
     450
     451        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     452        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     453        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     454            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     455
     456            if not this:
     457                return None
     458
     459            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     460            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     461            this = map_date_part(this)
     462            name = this.name.upper()
     463
     464            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     465                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     466                    scale = 10**3
     467                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     468                    scale = 10**6
     469                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     470                    scale = 10**9
     471                else:
     472                    scale = None
     473
     474                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     475                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     476
     477                if scale:
     478                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     479
     480                return to_unix
     481
     482            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     483
     484        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     485            if is_map:
     486                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     487                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     488                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     489                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     490
     491            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
     492
     493        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     494            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     495            if not lateral:
     496                return lateral
     497
     498            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     499                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     500                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     501                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     502                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     503                elif not table_alias:
     504                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     505
     506            return lateral
     507
     508        def _parse_historical_data(self) -> t.Optional[exp.HistoricalData]:
     509            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
     510            index = self._index
     511            historical_data = None
     512            if self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX):
     513                this = self._prev.text.upper()
     514                kind = (
     515                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     516                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
     517                    and self._prev.text.upper()
     518                )
     519                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
     520
     521                if expression:
     522                    self._match_r_paren()
     523                    historical_data = self.expression(
     524                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
     525                    )
     526                else:
     527                    self._retreat(index)
     528
     529            return historical_data
     530
     531        def _parse_changes(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Changes]:
     532            if not self._match_text_seq("CHANGES", "(", "INFORMATION", "=>"):
     533                return None
     534
     535            information = self._parse_var(any_token=True)
     536            self._match_r_paren()
     537
     538            return self.expression(
     539                exp.Changes,
     540                information=information,
     541                at_before=self._parse_historical_data(),
     542                end=self._parse_historical_data(),
     543            )
     544
     545        def _parse_table_parts(
     546            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     547        ) -> exp.Table:
     548            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     549            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     550                table = self._parse_string()
     551            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     552                table = self._parse_location_path()
     553            else:
     554                table = None
     555
     556            if table:
     557                file_format = None
     558                pattern = None
     559
     560                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     561                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     562                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     563                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     564                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     565                        )
     566                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     567                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     568                    else:
     569                        break
     570
     571                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     572
     573                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     574            else:
     575                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     576
     577            changes = self._parse_changes()
     578            if changes:
     579                table.set("changes", changes)
     580
     581            at_before = self._parse_historical_data()
     582            if at_before:
     583                table.set("when", at_before)
     584
     585            return table
     586
     587        def _parse_id_var(
     588            self,
     589            any_token: bool = True,
     590            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     591        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     592            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     593                identifier = (
     594                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     595                    or self._parse_string()
     596                )
     597                self._match_r_paren()
     598                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     599
     600            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     601
     602        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     603            scope = None
     604            scope_kind = None
     605
     606            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     607            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     608            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     609
     610            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     611
     612            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     613
     614            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     615                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     616                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     617                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     618                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     619                    if self._curr:
     620                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     621                elif self._curr:
     622                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     623                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     624
     625            return self.expression(
     626                exp.Show,
     627                **{
     628                    "terse": terse,
     629                    "this": this,
     630                    "history": history,
     631                    "like": like,
     632                    "scope": scope,
     633                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     634                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     635                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     636                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     637                },
     638            )
     639
     640        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
     641            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
     642            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
     643
     644        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     645            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     646            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     647
     648        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     649            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     650            return (
     651                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
     652                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     653                else self._parse_table_parts()
     654            )
     655
     656        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     657            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     658
     659            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     660            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     661            # in case of subqueries
     662            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     663                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     664            ):
     665                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     666
     667            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     668
     669        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     670            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     671
     672            if not this:
     673                return this
     674
     675            typ = self._parse_types()
     676
     677            if typ:
     678                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     679
     680            return this
     681
     682    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     683        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     684        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     685        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     686        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     687
     688        KEYWORDS = {
     689            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     690            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     691            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     692            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     693            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     694            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     695            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     696            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     697            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     698            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     699            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     700            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     701            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     702            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     703            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     704            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     705            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     706            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     707            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     708            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     709            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     710            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
     711            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
     712        }
     713        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     714
     715        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     716            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     717            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     718        }
     719
     720        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     721
     722        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     723
     724    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     725        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     726        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     727        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     728        JOIN_HINTS = False
     729        TABLE_HINTS = False
     730        QUERY_HINTS = False
     731        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     732        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     733        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     734        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     735        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     736        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     737        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     738        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     739        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     740        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     741
     742        TRANSFORMS = {
     743            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     744            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     745            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     746            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     747            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     748            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
     749            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     750            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     751                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     752            ),
     753            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     754            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     755            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     756            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     757            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     758            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     759            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     760            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     761            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     762            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     763            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     764                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     765            ),
     766            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     767                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     768            ),
     769            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     770            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     771            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
     772            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     773                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     774            ),
     775            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     776            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     777            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     778            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     779            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     780            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     781            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     782            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     783                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     784            ),
     785            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     786            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     787                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     788            ),
     789            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     790                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     791            ),
     792            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     793            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     794            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     795            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     796                [
     797                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     798                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     799                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     800                ]
     801            ),
     802            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     803            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     804            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     805            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     806                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     807            ),
     808            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     809            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     810            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     811            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     812                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     813            ),
     814            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     815            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     816            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
     817                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
     818            ),
     819            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     820            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     821            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     822            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
     823            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     824            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     825            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     826                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     827            ),
     828            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     829            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     830            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     831            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     832        }
     833
     834        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     835            exp.JSONPathKey,
     836            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     837            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     838        }
     839
     840        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     841            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     842            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     843            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     844        }
     845
     846        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     847            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     848            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     849            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     850        }
     851
     852        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     853            exp.Map,
     854            exp.StarMap,
     855            exp.Struct,
     856            exp.VarMap,
     857        }
     858
     859        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     860            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     861
     862        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     863            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     864                values_as_table = False
     865
     866            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     867
     868        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     869            expressions = expression.expressions
     870            if (
     871                expressions
     872                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     873                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     874            ):
     875                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     876                return "OBJECT"
     877
     878            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     879
     880        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     881            return self.func(
     882                "TO_NUMBER",
     883                expression.this,
     884                expression.args.get("format"),
     885                expression.args.get("precision"),
     886                expression.args.get("scale"),
     887            )
     888
     889        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     890            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     891            if milli is not None:
     892                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     893                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     894
     895            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     896
     897        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
     898            value = expression.this
     899
     900            if value.type is None:
     901                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     902
     903                value = annotate_types(value)
     904
     905            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
     906                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
     907
     908            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
     909            return self.cast_sql(expression)
     910
     911        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
     912            if not expression.expression:
     913                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
     914
     915            return super().log_sql(expression)
     916
     917        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
     918            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     919            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
     920
     921            columns = [
     922                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
     923                exp.to_identifier("key"),
     924                exp.to_identifier("path"),
     925                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
     926                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
     927                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
     928                exp.to_identifier("this"),
     929            ]
     930
     931            if unnest_alias:
     932                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
     933            else:
     934                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
     935
     936            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
     937            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
     938            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
     939            return f"{explode}{alias}"
     940
     941        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
     942            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
     943            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
     944            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
     945            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
     946
     947            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
     948            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
     949
     950            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
     951            if scope_kind:
     952                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
     953
     954            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
     955            if starts_with:
     956                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
     957
     958            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
     959
     960            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
     961            if from_:
     962                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
     963
     964            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
     965
     966        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     967            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     968            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     969            group = expression.args.get("group")
     970            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
     971            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
     972            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
     973
     974            return self.func(
     975                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
     976                expression.this,
     977                expression.expression,
     978                position,
     979                occurrence,
     980                parameters,
     981                group,
     982            )
     983
     984        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
     985            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
     986                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
     987            return super().except_op(expression)
     988
     989        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
     990            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
     991                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
     992            return super().intersect_op(expression)
     993
     994        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
     995            # Default to table if kind is unknown
     996            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
     997            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
     998            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
     999            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1000            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1001            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1002
    1003        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1004            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1005        ) -> str:
    1006            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1007            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1008            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1009            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1010            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1011
    1012        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1013            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1014            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    1015
    1016        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1017            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1018
    1019        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1020            keys = []
    1021            values = []
    1022
    1023            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1024                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1025                    keys.append(
    1026                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1027                    )
    1028                    values.append(e.expression)
    1029                else:
    1030                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1031                    values.append(e)
    1032
    1033            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1034
    1035        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1036            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
    1037                self.unsupported(
    1038                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
    1039                )
    1040
    1041            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1042
    1043        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1044            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1045            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1046            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1047            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1048            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1049            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1050            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1051            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1052
    1053            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

    will be rewritten as

    WITH y(c) AS (
        SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
    ) SELECT c FROM y;

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False

Whether COPY statement parameters are separated by comma or whitespace

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    230    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    231        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    232        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    233        if (
    234            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    235            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    236            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    237        ):
    238            return expression  # type: ignore
    239
    240        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an `Identifier`, this method is a no-op.
- identify: If set to `False`, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION
  EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    242    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    243        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    244        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
    245        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
    246
    247        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    248            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    249            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    250        }
    251
    252        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    253        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
    254
    255        FUNCTIONS = {
    256            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    257            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    258            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    259            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    260            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    261                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    262            ),
    263            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    264                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    265                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    266                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    267                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    268            ),
    269            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    270            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    271            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    272            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _build_convert_timezone,
    273            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    274            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    275            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    276            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    277            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
    278            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    279            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    280                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    281            ),
    282            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    283            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    284                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    285            ),
    286            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    287            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    288            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    289            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
    290                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
    291            ),
    292            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
    293            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
    294            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
    295            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    296            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    297            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    298            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
    299            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    300            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    301            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
    302            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    303            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    304            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
    305            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
    306            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    307            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
    308                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    309                format=seq_get(args, 1),
    310                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
    311                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
    312            ),
    313            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
    314            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    315            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
    316            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    317            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
    318            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    319            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
    320        }
    321
    322        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    323            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    324            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
    325            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    326        }
    327        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    328
    329        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    330
    331        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    332            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    333            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    334            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    335        }
    336
    337        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    338            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    339            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    340                exp.Set,
    341                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    342                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    343                unset=True,
    344            ),
    345            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    346        }
    347
    348        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    349            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    350            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    351        }
    352
    353        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    354            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    355            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
    356        }
    357
    358        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
    359            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
    360            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
    361        }
    362
    363        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    364            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    365            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    366            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    367            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    368            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    369            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    370            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    371            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    372            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    373            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    374            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    375            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    376            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    377            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    378            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    379            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    380            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    381            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    382            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    383        }
    384
    385        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    386            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    387            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    388            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    389            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    390            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    391        }
    392
    393        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    394            TokenType.DOT,
    395            TokenType.MOD,
    396            TokenType.SLASH,
    397        }
    398
    399        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    400
    401        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
    402
    403        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
    404
    405        LAMBDAS = {
    406            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
    407            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
    408                exp.Lambda,
    409                this=self._replace_lambda(
    410                    self._parse_assignment(),
    411                    expressions,
    412                ),
    413                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
    414            ),
    415        }
    416
    417        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    418            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
    419                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    420
    421            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
    422                policy = self._parse_column()
    423                return self.expression(
    424                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
    425                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
    426                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
    427                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    428                )
    429            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
    430                policy = self._parse_column()
    431                return self.expression(
    432                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
    433                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
    434                )
    435            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
    436                return self.expression(
    437                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
    438                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
    439                )
    440
    441            return None
    442
    443        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
    444            expression = super()._parse_create()
    445            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
    446                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
    447                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
    448
    449            return expression
    450
    451        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
    452        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
    453        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    454            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
    455
    456            if not this:
    457                return None
    458
    459            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    460            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    461            this = map_date_part(this)
    462            name = this.name.upper()
    463
    464            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
    465                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
    466                    scale = 10**3
    467                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
    468                    scale = 10**6
    469                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
    470                    scale = 10**9
    471                else:
    472                    scale = None
    473
    474                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    475                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    476
    477                if scale:
    478                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    479
    480                return to_unix
    481
    482            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    483
    484        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    485            if is_map:
    486                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    487                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    488                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    489                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    490
    491            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
    492
    493        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    494            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    495            if not lateral:
    496                return lateral
    497
    498            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    499                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    500                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    501                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    502                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    503                elif not table_alias:
    504                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    505
    506            return lateral
    507
    508        def _parse_historical_data(self) -> t.Optional[exp.HistoricalData]:
    509            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    510            index = self._index
    511            historical_data = None
    512            if self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX):
    513                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    514                kind = (
    515                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    516                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    517                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    518                )
    519                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    520
    521                if expression:
    522                    self._match_r_paren()
    523                    historical_data = self.expression(
    524                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    525                    )
    526                else:
    527                    self._retreat(index)
    528
    529            return historical_data
    530
    531        def _parse_changes(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Changes]:
    532            if not self._match_text_seq("CHANGES", "(", "INFORMATION", "=>"):
    533                return None
    534
    535            information = self._parse_var(any_token=True)
    536            self._match_r_paren()
    537
    538            return self.expression(
    539                exp.Changes,
    540                information=information,
    541                at_before=self._parse_historical_data(),
    542                end=self._parse_historical_data(),
    543            )
    544
    545        def _parse_table_parts(
    546            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    547        ) -> exp.Table:
    548            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    549            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    550                table = self._parse_string()
    551            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    552                table = self._parse_location_path()
    553            else:
    554                table = None
    555
    556            if table:
    557                file_format = None
    558                pattern = None
    559
    560                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    561                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    562                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    563                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    564                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    565                        )
    566                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    567                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    568                    else:
    569                        break
    570
    571                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    572
    573                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    574            else:
    575                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    576
    577            changes = self._parse_changes()
    578            if changes:
    579                table.set("changes", changes)
    580
    581            at_before = self._parse_historical_data()
    582            if at_before:
    583                table.set("when", at_before)
    584
    585            return table
    586
    587        def _parse_id_var(
    588            self,
    589            any_token: bool = True,
    590            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    591        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    592            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    593                identifier = (
    594                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    595                    or self._parse_string()
    596                )
    597                self._match_r_paren()
    598                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    599
    600            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    601
    602        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    603            scope = None
    604            scope_kind = None
    605
    606            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    607            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    608            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    609
    610            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    611
    612            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    613
    614            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    615                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    616                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    617                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    618                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    619                    if self._curr:
    620                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    621                elif self._curr:
    622                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
    623                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    624
    625            return self.expression(
    626                exp.Show,
    627                **{
    628                    "terse": terse,
    629                    "this": this,
    630                    "history": history,
    631                    "like": like,
    632                    "scope": scope,
    633                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    634                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    635                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    636                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    637                },
    638            )
    639
    640        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    641            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    642            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    643
    644        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    645            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    646            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    647
    648        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    649            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
    650            return (
    651                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
    652                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
    653                else self._parse_table_parts()
    654            )
    655
    656        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    657            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    658
    659            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    660            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
    661            # in case of subqueries
    662            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
    663                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
    664            ):
    665                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    666
    667            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    668
    669        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    670            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
    671
    672            if not this:
    673                return this
    674
    675            typ = self._parse_types()
    676
    677            if typ:
    678                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
    679
    680            return this

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = 'BERNOULLI'
COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _build_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function _build_convert_timezone>, 'DATEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'DIV0': <function _build_if_from_div0>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'MEDIAN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _build_if_from_nullifzero>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _build_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_PARSE_JSON': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _build_if_from_zeroifnull>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
TYPE_CONVERTERS = {<Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: <function build_default_decimal_type.<locals>._builder>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'MASKING': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PROJECTION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TAG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SCHEMA_KINDS = {'SEQUENCES', 'OBJECTS', 'IMPORTED KEYS', 'UNIQUE KEYS', 'VIEWS', 'TABLES'}
NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {'TAG', 'STREAMLIT', 'WAREHOUSE', 'STORAGE INTEGRATION'}
LAMBDAS = {<TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    682    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    683        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    684        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    685        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    686        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    687
    688        KEYWORDS = {
    689            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    690            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    691            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    692            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    693            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    694            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    695            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    696            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    697            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    698            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    699            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    700            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    701            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    702            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    703            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    704            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    705            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    706            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
    707            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
    708            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    709            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    710            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
    711            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
    712        }
    713        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    714
    715        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    716            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    717            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    718        }
    719
    720        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    721
    722        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_CONDITION': <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'STORAGE INTEGRATION': <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, 'TAG': <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'WAREHOUSE': <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, 'STREAMLIT': <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  QUOTES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

     724    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     725        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     726        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     727        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     728        JOIN_HINTS = False
     729        TABLE_HINTS = False
     730        QUERY_HINTS = False
     731        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     732        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     733        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     734        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     735        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     736        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     737        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     738        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     739        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     740        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     741
     742        TRANSFORMS = {
     743            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     744            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     745            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     746            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     747            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     748            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
     749            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     750            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     751                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     752            ),
     753            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     754            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     755            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     756            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     757            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     758            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     759            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     760            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     761            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     762            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     763            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     764                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     765            ),
     766            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     767                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     768            ),
     769            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     770            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     771            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
     772            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     773                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     774            ),
     775            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     776            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     777            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     778            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     779            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     780            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     781            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     782            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     783                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     784            ),
     785            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     786            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     787                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     788            ),
     789            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     790                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     791            ),
     792            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     793            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     794            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     795            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     796                [
     797                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     798                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     799                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     800                ]
     801            ),
     802            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     803            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     804            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     805            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     806                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     807            ),
     808            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     809            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     810            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     811            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     812                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     813            ),
     814            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     815            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     816            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
     817                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
     818            ),
     819            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     820            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     821            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     822            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
     823            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     824            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     825            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     826                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     827            ),
     828            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     829            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     830            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     831            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     832        }
     833
     834        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     835            exp.JSONPathKey,
     836            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     837            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     838        }
     839
     840        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     841            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     842            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     843            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     844        }
     845
     846        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     847            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     848            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     849            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     850        }
     851
     852        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     853            exp.Map,
     854            exp.StarMap,
     855            exp.Struct,
     856            exp.VarMap,
     857        }
     858
     859        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     860            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     861
     862        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     863            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     864                values_as_table = False
     865
     866            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     867
     868        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     869            expressions = expression.expressions
     870            if (
     871                expressions
     872                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     873                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     874            ):
     875                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     876                return "OBJECT"
     877
     878            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     879
     880        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     881            return self.func(
     882                "TO_NUMBER",
     883                expression.this,
     884                expression.args.get("format"),
     885                expression.args.get("precision"),
     886                expression.args.get("scale"),
     887            )
     888
     889        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     890            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     891            if milli is not None:
     892                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     893                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     894
     895            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     896
     897        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
     898            value = expression.this
     899
     900            if value.type is None:
     901                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     902
     903                value = annotate_types(value)
     904
     905            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
     906                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
     907
     908            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
     909            return self.cast_sql(expression)
     910
     911        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
     912            if not expression.expression:
     913                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
     914
     915            return super().log_sql(expression)
     916
     917        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
     918            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     919            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
     920
     921            columns = [
     922                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
     923                exp.to_identifier("key"),
     924                exp.to_identifier("path"),
     925                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
     926                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
     927                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
     928                exp.to_identifier("this"),
     929            ]
     930
     931            if unnest_alias:
     932                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
     933            else:
     934                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
     935
     936            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
     937            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
     938            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
     939            return f"{explode}{alias}"
     940
     941        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
     942            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
     943            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
     944            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
     945            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
     946
     947            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
     948            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
     949
     950            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
     951            if scope_kind:
     952                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
     953
     954            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
     955            if starts_with:
     956                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
     957
     958            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
     959
     960            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
     961            if from_:
     962                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
     963
     964            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
     965
     966        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     967            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     968            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     969            group = expression.args.get("group")
     970            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
     971            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
     972            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
     973
     974            return self.func(
     975                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
     976                expression.this,
     977                expression.expression,
     978                position,
     979                occurrence,
     980                parameters,
     981                group,
     982            )
     983
     984        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
     985            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
     986                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
     987            return super().except_op(expression)
     988
     989        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
     990            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
     991                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
     992            return super().intersect_op(expression)
     993
     994        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
     995            # Default to table if kind is unknown
     996            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
     997            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
     998            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
     999            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1000            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1001            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1002
    1003        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1004            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1005        ) -> str:
    1006            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1007            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1008            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1009            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1010            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1011
    1012        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1013            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1014            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    1015
    1016        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1017            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1018
    1019        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1020            keys = []
    1021            values = []
    1022
    1023            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1024                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1025                    keys.append(
    1026                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1027                    )
    1028                    values.append(e.expression)
    1029                else:
    1030                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1031                    values.append(e)
    1032
    1033            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1034
    1035        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1036            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
    1037                self.unsupported(
    1038                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
    1039                )
    1040
    1041            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1042
    1043        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1044            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1045            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1046            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1047            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1048            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1049            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1050            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1051            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1052
    1053            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
STAR_EXCEPT = 'EXCLUDE'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TagColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>: 'OBJECT', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'OBJECT'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>}
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    859        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    860            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")

def values_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str: View Source

    862        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    863            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    864                values_as_table = False
    865
    866            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str: View Source

    868        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    869            expressions = expression.expressions
    870            if (
    871                expressions
    872                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    873                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    874            ):
    875                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    876                return "OBJECT"
    877
    878            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

def tonumber_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber) -> str: View Source

    880        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    881            return self.func(
    882                "TO_NUMBER",
    883                expression.this,
    884                expression.args.get("format"),
    885                expression.args.get("precision"),
    886                expression.args.get("scale"),
    887            )

def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str: View Source

    889        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    890            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    891            if milli is not None:
    892                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    893                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    894
    895            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    897        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    898            value = expression.this
    899
    900            if value.type is None:
    901                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    902
    903                value = annotate_types(value)
    904
    905            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    906                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    907
    908            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    909            return self.cast_sql(expression)

def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str: View Source

    911        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    912            if not expression.expression:
    913                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    914
    915            return super().log_sql(expression)

def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    917        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    918            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    919            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    920
    921            columns = [
    922                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    923                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    924                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    925                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    926                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    927                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    928                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    929            ]
    930
    931            if unnest_alias:
    932                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    933            else:
    934                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    935
    936            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    937            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    938            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    939            return f"{explode}{alias}"

def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str: View Source

    941        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    942            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    943            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    944            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    945            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    946
    947            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    948            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    949
    950            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    951            if scope_kind:
    952                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    953
    954            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    955            if starts_with:
    956                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    957
    958            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    959
    960            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    961            if from_:
    962                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    963
    964            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"

def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract) -> str: View Source

    966        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    967            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    968            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    969            group = expression.args.get("group")
    970            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    971            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    972            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    973
    974            return self.func(
    975                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    976                expression.this,
    977                expression.expression,
    978                position,
    979                occurrence,
    980                parameters,
    981                group,
    982            )

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    984        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    985            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    986                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    987            return super().except_op(expression)

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    989        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    990            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    991                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    992            return super().intersect_op(expression)

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

     994        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
     995            # Default to table if kind is unknown
     996            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
     997            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
     998            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
     999            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1000            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1001            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    1003        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1004            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1005        ) -> str:
    1006            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1007            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1008            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1009            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1010            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

def swaptable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable) -> str: View Source

    1012        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1013            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1014            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"

def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str: View Source

    1016        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1017            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    1019        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1020            keys = []
    1021            values = []
    1022
    1023            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1024                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1025                    keys.append(
    1026                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1027                    )
    1028                    values.append(e.expression)
    1029                else:
    1030                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1031                    values.append(e)
    1032
    1033            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))

def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile) -> str: View Source

    1035        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1036            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
    1037                self.unsupported(
    1038                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
    1039                )
    1040
    1041            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))

def alterset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AlterSet) -> str: View Source

    1043        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1044            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1045            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1046            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1047            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1048            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1049            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1050            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1051            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1052
    1053            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  EXPLICIT_SET_OP
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  HEX_FUNC
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  PARSE_JSON_NAME
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  set_operations
  union_sql
  union_op
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  bracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  currenttimestamp_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  renametable_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  altertable_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  try_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  operator_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  generateseries_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql
  datadeletionproperty_sql
  maskingpolicycolumnconstraint_sql
  gapfill_sql
  scope_resolution
  scoperesolution_sql
  parsejson_sql
  length_sql
  rand_sql
  strtodate_sql
  strtotime_sql
  changes_sql