sqlglot.dialects.presto API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.presto

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    NormalizationStrategy,
      9    binary_from_function,
     10    bool_xor_sql,
     11    date_trunc_to_time,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    encode_decode_sql,
     14    build_formatted_time,
     15    if_sql,
     16    left_to_substring_sql,
     17    no_ilike_sql,
     18    no_pivot_sql,
     19    no_safe_divide_sql,
     20    no_timestamp_sql,
     21    regexp_extract_sql,
     22    rename_func,
     23    right_to_substring_sql,
     24    sha256_sql,
     25    struct_extract_sql,
     26    str_position_sql,
     27    timestamptrunc_sql,
     28    timestrtotime_sql,
     29    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
     30    unit_to_str,
     31)
     32from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
     33from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
     34from sqlglot.helper import apply_index_offset, seq_get
     35from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     36from sqlglot.transforms import unqualify_columns
     37
     38
     39def _explode_to_unnest_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
     40    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Explode):
     41        return self.sql(
     42            exp.Join(
     43                this=exp.Unnest(
     44                    expressions=[expression.this.this],
     45                    alias=expression.args.get("alias"),
     46                    offset=isinstance(expression.this, exp.Posexplode),
     47                ),
     48                kind="cross",
     49            )
     50        )
     51    return self.lateral_sql(expression)
     52
     53
     54def _initcap_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Initcap) -> str:
     55    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
     56    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
     57
     58
     59def _no_sort_array(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
     60    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
     61        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
     62    else:
     63        comparator = None
     64    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
     65
     66
     67def _schema_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
     68    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Property):
     69        columns = ", ".join(f"'{c.name}'" for c in expression.expressions)
     70        return f"ARRAY[{columns}]"
     71
     72    if expression.parent:
     73        for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
     74            column_defs = schema.find_all(exp.ColumnDef)
     75            if column_defs and isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
     76                expression.expressions.extend(column_defs)
     77
     78    return self.schema_sql(expression)
     79
     80
     81def _quantile_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
     82    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
     83    return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
     84
     85
     86def _str_to_time_sql(
     87    self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime | exp.TsOrDsToDate
     88) -> str:
     89    return self.func("DATE_PARSE", expression.this, self.format_time(expression))
     90
     91
     92def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
     93    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
     94    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.TIME_FORMAT, Presto.DATE_FORMAT):
     95        return self.sql(exp.cast(_str_to_time_sql(self, expression), exp.DataType.Type.DATE))
     96    return self.sql(
     97        exp.cast(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), exp.DataType.Type.DATE)
     98    )
     99
    100
    101def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
    102    expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
    103    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
    104    return self.func("DATE_ADD", unit, expression.expression, expression.this)
    105
    106
    107def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
    108    this = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    109    expr = exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    110    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
    111    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", unit, expr, this)
    112
    113
    114def _build_approx_percentile(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    115    if len(args) == 4:
    116        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    117            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    118            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
    119            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
    120            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
    121        )
    122    if len(args) == 3:
    123        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    124            this=seq_get(args, 0), quantile=seq_get(args, 1), accuracy=seq_get(args, 2)
    125        )
    126    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
    127
    128
    129def _build_from_unixtime(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    130    if len(args) == 3:
    131        return exp.UnixToTime(
    132            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    133            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
    134            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
    135        )
    136    if len(args) == 2:
    137        return exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0), zone=seq_get(args, 1))
    138
    139    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
    140
    141
    142def _unnest_sequence(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    143    if isinstance(expression, exp.Table):
    144        if isinstance(expression.this, exp.GenerateSeries):
    145            unnest = exp.Unnest(expressions=[expression.this])
    146
    147            if expression.alias:
    148                return exp.alias_(unnest, alias="_u", table=[expression.alias], copy=False)
    149            return unnest
    150    return expression
    151
    152
    153def _first_last_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Func) -> str:
    154    """
    155    Trino doesn't support FIRST / LAST as functions, but they're valid in the context
    156    of MATCH_RECOGNIZE, so we need to preserve them in that case. In all other cases
    157    they're converted into an ARBITRARY call.
    158
    159    Reference: https://trino.io/docs/current/sql/match-recognize.html#logical-navigation-functions
    160    """
    161    if isinstance(expression.find_ancestor(exp.MatchRecognize, exp.Select), exp.MatchRecognize):
    162        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    163
    164    return rename_func("ARBITRARY")(self, expression)
    165
    166
    167def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    168    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    169    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
    170    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    171        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
    172
    173    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME(CAST({timestamp} AS DOUBLE) / POW(10, {scale}))"
    174
    175
    176def _jsonextract_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    177    is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    178
    179    # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    180    # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    181    if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    182        return self.func(
    183            "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    184        )
    185
    186    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    187
    188    # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    189    segments = []
    190    for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    191        if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    192            # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    193            self.unsupported(f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access")
    194            continue
    195        key = path_key.this
    196        if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    197            key = f'"{key}"'
    198        segments.append(f".{key}")
    199
    200    expr = "".join(segments)
    201
    202    return f"{this}{expr}"
    203
    204
    205def _to_int(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    206    if not expression.type:
    207        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    208
    209        annotate_types(expression)
    210    if expression.type and expression.type.this not in exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES:
    211        return exp.cast(expression, to=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
    212    return expression
    213
    214
    215def _build_to_char(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
    216    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
    217    if isinstance(fmt, exp.Literal):
    218        # We uppercase this to match Teradata's format mapping keys
    219        fmt.set("this", fmt.this.upper())
    220
    221    # We use "teradata" on purpose here, because the time formats are different in Presto.
    222    # See https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/teradata.html?highlight=to_char#to_char
    223    return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "teradata")(args)
    224
    225
    226class Presto(Dialect):
    227    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    228    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    229    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    230    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    231    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    232    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    233    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    234    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    235    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    236
    237    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    238    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    239    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    240    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    241
    242    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    243        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    244            (prefix + q, q)
    245            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    246            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    247        ]
    248
    249        KEYWORDS = {
    250            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    251            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    252            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    253            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    254            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    255            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    256            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    257            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    258        }
    259        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    260        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    261
    262    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    263        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    264
    265        FUNCTIONS = {
    266            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    267            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    268            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    269            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    270            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    271            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    272            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    273            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    274            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    275            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    276            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    277                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    278            ),
    279            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    280                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    281            ),
    282            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    283            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    284            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    285            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    286                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    287            ),
    288            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    289            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    290            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    291                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    292            ),
    293            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    294            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    295                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    296            ),
    297            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    298                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    299                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    300                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    301            ),
    302            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    303            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    304            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    305            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    306            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    307                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    308            ),
    309            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    310            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    311            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    312                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    313            ),
    314            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    315            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    316            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    317        }
    318
    319        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    320        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    321
    322    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    323        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    324        JOIN_HINTS = False
    325        TABLE_HINTS = False
    326        QUERY_HINTS = False
    327        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    328        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    329        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    330        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    331        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    332        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    333        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    334        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    335        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    336        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    337        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    338
    339        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    340            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    341            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    342            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    343        }
    344
    345        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    346            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    347            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    348            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    349            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    350            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    351            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    352            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    353            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    354            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    355            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    356            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    357        }
    358
    359        TRANSFORMS = {
    360            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    361            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    362            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    363                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
    364            ),
    365            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    366            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    367            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    368            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    369            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    370            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    371            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    372            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    373            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    374            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    375            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    376            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    377            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    378                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    379            ),
    380            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    381            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    382            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    383                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    384            ),
    385            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    386            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    387            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    388            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
    389                "DATE_ADD",
    390                unit_to_str(e),
    391                _to_int(e.expression),
    392                e.this,
    393            ),
    394            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    395                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    396            ),
    397            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    398            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    399            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    400            exp.DateSub: lambda self, e: self.func(
    401                "DATE_ADD",
    402                unit_to_str(e),
    403                _to_int(e.expression * -1),
    404                e.this,
    405            ),
    406            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    407            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    408            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    409            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    410            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    411            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    412            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    413            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    414            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    415            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    416            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
    417                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
    418            ),
    419            exp.If: if_sql(),
    420            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    421            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    422            exp.JSONExtract: _jsonextract_sql,
    423            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    424            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    425            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    426            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    427            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    428            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    429            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    430            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    431            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    432            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    433            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    434            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    435            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    436            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    437            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    438            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    439                [
    440                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    441                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    442                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    443                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    444                ]
    445            ),
    446            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    447            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    448            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    449            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    450            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    451            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    452            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
    453            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    454            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    455            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    456            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    457            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    458                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    459            ),
    460            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    461            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    462            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    463            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    464            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    465            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    466            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    467            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    468            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    469            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    470            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    471            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    472            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    473            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    474            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    475            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    476            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    477            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    478                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    479            ),
    480            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    481            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    482            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    483            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    484        }
    485
    486        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    487            "alter",
    488            "and",
    489            "as",
    490            "between",
    491            "by",
    492            "case",
    493            "cast",
    494            "constraint",
    495            "create",
    496            "cross",
    497            "current_time",
    498            "current_timestamp",
    499            "deallocate",
    500            "delete",
    501            "describe",
    502            "distinct",
    503            "drop",
    504            "else",
    505            "end",
    506            "escape",
    507            "except",
    508            "execute",
    509            "exists",
    510            "extract",
    511            "false",
    512            "for",
    513            "from",
    514            "full",
    515            "group",
    516            "having",
    517            "in",
    518            "inner",
    519            "insert",
    520            "intersect",
    521            "into",
    522            "is",
    523            "join",
    524            "left",
    525            "like",
    526            "natural",
    527            "not",
    528            "null",
    529            "on",
    530            "or",
    531            "order",
    532            "outer",
    533            "prepare",
    534            "right",
    535            "select",
    536            "table",
    537            "then",
    538            "true",
    539            "union",
    540            "using",
    541            "values",
    542            "when",
    543            "where",
    544            "with",
    545        }
    546
    547        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    548            this = expression.this
    549
    550            if not this.type:
    551                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    552
    553                this = annotate_types(this)
    554
    555            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    556                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    557
    558            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    559
    560        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    561            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    562            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    563            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    564            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    565            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    566            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    567            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    568            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    569                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    570                value_as_text,
    571                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    572            )
    573            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    574            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    575
    576        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    577            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    578                return self.func(
    579                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    580                    expression.this,
    581                    seq_get(
    582                        apply_index_offset(
    583                            expression.this,
    584                            expression.expressions,
    585                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    586                        ),
    587                        0,
    588                    ),
    589                )
    590            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    591
    592        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    593            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    594
    595            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    596            values: t.List[str] = []
    597            schema: t.List[str] = []
    598            unknown_type = False
    599
    600            for e in expression.expressions:
    601                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    602                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    603                        unknown_type = True
    604                    else:
    605                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    606                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    607                else:
    608                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    609
    610            size = len(expression.expressions)
    611
    612            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    613                if unknown_type:
    614                    self.unsupported(
    615                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    616                    )
    617                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    618            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    619
    620        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    621            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    622                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    623            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    624
    625        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    626            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    627            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    628            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    629
    630        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
    631            start = expression.args["start"]
    632            end = expression.args["end"]
    633            step = expression.args.get("step")
    634
    635            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
    636                target_type = start.to
    637            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
    638                target_type = end.to
    639            else:
    640                target_type = None
    641
    642            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
    643                if target_type is start.to:
    644                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
    645                else:
    646                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
    647
    648            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
    649
    650        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    651            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    652        ) -> t.List[str]:
    653            return [
    654                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    655                self.sql(limit),
    656            ]
    657
    658        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    659            """
    660            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    661            so we need to remove them
    662            """
    663            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    664            schema = expression.this
    665            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    666                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    667            return super().create_sql(expression)
    668
    669        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    670            """
    671            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    672            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    673            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    674            """
    675            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    676            if len(tables) > 1:
    677                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    678
    679            table = tables[0]
    680            expression.set("this", table)
    681            expression.set("tables", None)
    682
    683            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    684                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    685                if table_alias:
    686                    table_alias.pop()
    687                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    688
    689            return super().delete_sql(expression)

class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    227class Presto(Dialect):
    228    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    229    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    230    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    231    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    232    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    233    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    234    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    235    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    236    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    237
    238    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    239    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    240    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    241    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    242
    243    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    244        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    245            (prefix + q, q)
    246            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    247            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    248        ]
    249
    250        KEYWORDS = {
    251            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    252            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    253            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    254            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    255            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    256            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    257            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    258            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    259        }
    260        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    261        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    262
    263    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    264        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    265
    266        FUNCTIONS = {
    267            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    268            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    269            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    270            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    271            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    272            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    273            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    274            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    275            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    276            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    277            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    278                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    279            ),
    280            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    281                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    282            ),
    283            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    284            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    285            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    286            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    287                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    288            ),
    289            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    290            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    291            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    292                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    293            ),
    294            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    295            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    296                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    297            ),
    298            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    299                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    300                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    301                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    302            ),
    303            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    304            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    305            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    306            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    307            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    308                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    309            ),
    310            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    311            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    312            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    313                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    314            ),
    315            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    316            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    317            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    318        }
    319
    320        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    321        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    322
    323    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    324        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    325        JOIN_HINTS = False
    326        TABLE_HINTS = False
    327        QUERY_HINTS = False
    328        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    329        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    330        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    331        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    332        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    333        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    334        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    335        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    336        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    337        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    338        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    339
    340        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    341            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    342            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    343            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    344        }
    345
    346        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    347            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    348            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    349            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    350            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    351            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    352            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    353            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    354            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    355            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    356            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    357            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    358        }
    359
    360        TRANSFORMS = {
    361            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    362            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    363            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    364                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
    365            ),
    366            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    367            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    368            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    369            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    370            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    371            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    372            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    373            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    374            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    375            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    376            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    377            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    378            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    379                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    380            ),
    381            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    382            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    383            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    384                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    385            ),
    386            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    387            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    388            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    389            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
    390                "DATE_ADD",
    391                unit_to_str(e),
    392                _to_int(e.expression),
    393                e.this,
    394            ),
    395            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    396                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    397            ),
    398            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    399            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    400            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    401            exp.DateSub: lambda self, e: self.func(
    402                "DATE_ADD",
    403                unit_to_str(e),
    404                _to_int(e.expression * -1),
    405                e.this,
    406            ),
    407            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    408            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    409            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    410            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    411            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    412            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    413            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    414            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    415            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    416            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    417            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
    418                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
    419            ),
    420            exp.If: if_sql(),
    421            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    422            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    423            exp.JSONExtract: _jsonextract_sql,
    424            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    425            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    426            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    427            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    428            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    429            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    430            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    431            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    432            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    433            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    434            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    435            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    436            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    437            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    438            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    439            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    440                [
    441                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    442                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    443                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    444                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    445                ]
    446            ),
    447            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    448            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    449            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    450            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    451            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    452            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    453            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
    454            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    455            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    456            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    457            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    458            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    459                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    460            ),
    461            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    462            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    463            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    464            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    465            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    466            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    467            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    468            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    469            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    470            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    471            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    472            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    473            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    474            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    475            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    476            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    477            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    478            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    479                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    480            ),
    481            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    482            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    483            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    484            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    485        }
    486
    487        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    488            "alter",
    489            "and",
    490            "as",
    491            "between",
    492            "by",
    493            "case",
    494            "cast",
    495            "constraint",
    496            "create",
    497            "cross",
    498            "current_time",
    499            "current_timestamp",
    500            "deallocate",
    501            "delete",
    502            "describe",
    503            "distinct",
    504            "drop",
    505            "else",
    506            "end",
    507            "escape",
    508            "except",
    509            "execute",
    510            "exists",
    511            "extract",
    512            "false",
    513            "for",
    514            "from",
    515            "full",
    516            "group",
    517            "having",
    518            "in",
    519            "inner",
    520            "insert",
    521            "intersect",
    522            "into",
    523            "is",
    524            "join",
    525            "left",
    526            "like",
    527            "natural",
    528            "not",
    529            "null",
    530            "on",
    531            "or",
    532            "order",
    533            "outer",
    534            "prepare",
    535            "right",
    536            "select",
    537            "table",
    538            "then",
    539            "true",
    540            "union",
    541            "using",
    542            "values",
    543            "when",
    544            "where",
    545            "with",
    546        }
    547
    548        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    549            this = expression.this
    550
    551            if not this.type:
    552                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    553
    554                this = annotate_types(this)
    555
    556            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    557                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    558
    559            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    560
    561        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    562            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    563            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    564            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    565            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    566            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    567            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    568            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    569            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    570                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    571                value_as_text,
    572                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    573            )
    574            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    575            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    576
    577        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    578            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    579                return self.func(
    580                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    581                    expression.this,
    582                    seq_get(
    583                        apply_index_offset(
    584                            expression.this,
    585                            expression.expressions,
    586                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    587                        ),
    588                        0,
    589                    ),
    590                )
    591            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    592
    593        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    594            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    595
    596            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    597            values: t.List[str] = []
    598            schema: t.List[str] = []
    599            unknown_type = False
    600
    601            for e in expression.expressions:
    602                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    603                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    604                        unknown_type = True
    605                    else:
    606                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    607                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    608                else:
    609                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    610
    611            size = len(expression.expressions)
    612
    613            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    614                if unknown_type:
    615                    self.unsupported(
    616                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    617                    )
    618                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    619            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    620
    621        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    622            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    623                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    624            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    625
    626        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    627            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    628            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    629            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    630
    631        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
    632            start = expression.args["start"]
    633            end = expression.args["end"]
    634            step = expression.args.get("step")
    635
    636            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
    637                target_type = start.to
    638            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
    639                target_type = end.to
    640            else:
    641                target_type = None
    642
    643            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
    644                if target_type is start.to:
    645                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
    646                else:
    647                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
    648
    649            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
    650
    651        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    652            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    653        ) -> t.List[str]:
    654            return [
    655                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    656                self.sql(limit),
    657            ]
    658
    659        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    660            """
    661            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    662            so we need to remove them
    663            """
    664            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    665            schema = expression.this
    666            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    667                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    668            return super().create_sql(expression)
    669
    670        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    671            """
    672            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    673            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    674            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    675            """
    676            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    677            if len(tables) > 1:
    678                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    679
    680            table = tables[0]
    681            expression.set("this", table)
    682            expression.set("tables", None)
    683
    684            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    685                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    686                if table_alias:
    687                    table_alias.pop()
    688                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    689
    690            return super().delete_sql(expression)

INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%a'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether `CONCAT`'s arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of `a / b` depends on the types of `a` and `b`. False means `a / b` is always float division. True means `a / b` is integer division if both `a` and `b` are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = None

Whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function. Possible values: `True`, `False`, `None` (two arguments are not supported by `LOG`)

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Presto.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Presto.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%a': '%W'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'a': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
  FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION
  EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    243    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    244        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    245            (prefix + q, q)
    246            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    247            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    248        ]
    249
    250        KEYWORDS = {
    251            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    252            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    253            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    254            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    255            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    256            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    257            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    258            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    259        }
    260        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    261        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")

UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEX_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  QUOTES
  STRING_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    263    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    264        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    265
    266        FUNCTIONS = {
    267            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    268            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    269            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    270            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    271            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    272            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    273            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    274            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    275            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    276            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    277            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    278                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    279            ),
    280            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    281                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    282            ),
    283            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    284            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    285            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    286            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    287                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    288            ),
    289            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    290            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    291            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    292                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    293            ),
    294            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    295            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    296                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), group=seq_get(args, 2)
    297            ),
    298            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    299                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    300                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    301                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    302            ),
    303            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    304            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    305            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    306            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    307            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    308                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    309            ),
    310            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    311            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    312            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    313                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    314            ),
    315            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    316            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    317            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    318        }
    319
    320        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    321        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_to_char>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'ARBITRARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <function _build_approx_percentile>, 'BITWISE_AND': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_NOT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_OR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CARDINALITY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_PARSE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'ELEMENT_AT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function _build_from_unixtime>, 'FROM_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'ROW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'SEQUENCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'SPLIT_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STRPOS': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_UNIXTIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TO_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA256': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  PROPERTY_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    323    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    324        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    325        JOIN_HINTS = False
    326        TABLE_HINTS = False
    327        QUERY_HINTS = False
    328        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    329        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    330        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    331        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    332        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    333        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    334        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    335        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    336        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    337        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    338        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    339
    340        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    341            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    342            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    343            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    344        }
    345
    346        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    347            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    348            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    349            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    350            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    351            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    352            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    353            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    354            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    355            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    356            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    357            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    358        }
    359
    360        TRANSFORMS = {
    361            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    362            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    363            exp.ApproxDistinct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    364                "APPROX_DISTINCT", e.this, e.args.get("accuracy")
    365            ),
    366            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    367            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    368            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    369            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    370            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    371            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    372            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    373            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    374            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    375            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    376            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    377            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    378            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    379                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    380            ),
    381            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    382            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    383            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    384                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    385            ),
    386            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    387            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    388            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    389            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
    390                "DATE_ADD",
    391                unit_to_str(e),
    392                _to_int(e.expression),
    393                e.this,
    394            ),
    395            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    396                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    397            ),
    398            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    399            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    400            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    401            exp.DateSub: lambda self, e: self.func(
    402                "DATE_ADD",
    403                unit_to_str(e),
    404                _to_int(e.expression * -1),
    405                e.this,
    406            ),
    407            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    408            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    409            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    410            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    411            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    412            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    413            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    414            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    415            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    416            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    417            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: self.func(
    418                "ARRAY_JOIN", self.func("ARRAY_AGG", e.this), e.args.get("separator")
    419            ),
    420            exp.If: if_sql(),
    421            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    422            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    423            exp.JSONExtract: _jsonextract_sql,
    424            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    425            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    426            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    427            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    428            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    429            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    430            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    431            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    432            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    433            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    434            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    435            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    436            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    437            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    438            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    439            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    440                [
    441                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    442                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    443                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    444                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    445                ]
    446            ),
    447            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    448            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    449            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    450            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    451            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    452            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    453            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([_unnest_sequence]),
    454            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    455            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    456            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    457            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    458            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    459                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    460            ),
    461            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    462            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    463            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    464            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    465            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    466            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    467            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    468            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    469            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    470            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    471            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    472            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    473            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    474            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    475            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    476            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    477            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    478            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    479                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    480            ),
    481            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    482            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    483            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    484            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    485        }
    486
    487        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    488            "alter",
    489            "and",
    490            "as",
    491            "between",
    492            "by",
    493            "case",
    494            "cast",
    495            "constraint",
    496            "create",
    497            "cross",
    498            "current_time",
    499            "current_timestamp",
    500            "deallocate",
    501            "delete",
    502            "describe",
    503            "distinct",
    504            "drop",
    505            "else",
    506            "end",
    507            "escape",
    508            "except",
    509            "execute",
    510            "exists",
    511            "extract",
    512            "false",
    513            "for",
    514            "from",
    515            "full",
    516            "group",
    517            "having",
    518            "in",
    519            "inner",
    520            "insert",
    521            "intersect",
    522            "into",
    523            "is",
    524            "join",
    525            "left",
    526            "like",
    527            "natural",
    528            "not",
    529            "null",
    530            "on",
    531            "or",
    532            "order",
    533            "outer",
    534            "prepare",
    535            "right",
    536            "select",
    537            "table",
    538            "then",
    539            "true",
    540            "union",
    541            "using",
    542            "values",
    543            "when",
    544            "where",
    545            "with",
    546        }
    547
    548        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    549            this = expression.this
    550
    551            if not this.type:
    552                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    553
    554                this = annotate_types(this)
    555
    556            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    557                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    558
    559            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    560
    561        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    562            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    563            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    564            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    565            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    566            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    567            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    568            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    569            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    570                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    571                value_as_text,
    572                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    573            )
    574            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    575            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    576
    577        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    578            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    579                return self.func(
    580                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    581                    expression.this,
    582                    seq_get(
    583                        apply_index_offset(
    584                            expression.this,
    585                            expression.expressions,
    586                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    587                        ),
    588                        0,
    589                    ),
    590                )
    591            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    592
    593        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    594            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    595
    596            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    597            values: t.List[str] = []
    598            schema: t.List[str] = []
    599            unknown_type = False
    600
    601            for e in expression.expressions:
    602                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    603                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    604                        unknown_type = True
    605                    else:
    606                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    607                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    608                else:
    609                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    610
    611            size = len(expression.expressions)
    612
    613            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    614                if unknown_type:
    615                    self.unsupported(
    616                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    617                    )
    618                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    619            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    620
    621        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    622            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    623                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    624            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    625
    626        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    627            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    628            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    629            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    630
    631        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
    632            start = expression.args["start"]
    633            end = expression.args["end"]
    634            step = expression.args.get("step")
    635
    636            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
    637                target_type = start.to
    638            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
    639                target_type = end.to
    640            else:
    641                target_type = None
    642
    643            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
    644                if target_type is start.to:
    645                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
    646                else:
    647                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
    648
    649            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
    650
    651        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    652            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    653        ) -> t.List[str]:
    654            return [
    655                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    656                self.sql(limit),
    657            ]
    658
    659        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    660            """
    661            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    662            so we need to remove them
    663            """
    664            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    665            schema = expression.this
    666            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    667                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    668            return super().create_sql(expression)
    669
    670        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    671            """
    672            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    673            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    674            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    675            """
    676            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    677            if len(tables) > 1:
    678                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    679
    680            table = tables[0]
    681            expression.set("this", table)
    682            expression.set("tables", None)
    683
    684            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    685                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    686                if table_alias:
    687                    table_alias.pop()
    688                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    689
    690            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
PARSE_JSON_NAME = 'JSON_PARSE'
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'ROW', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>: 'HYPERLOGLOG'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function _jsonextract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TagColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _initcap_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lateral'>: <function _explode_to_unnest_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _quantile_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function no_safe_divide_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Schema'>: <function _schema_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _no_sort_array>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithinGroup'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'false', 'right', 'cross', 'by', 'outer', 'when', 'escape', 'order', 'delete', 'case', 'exists', 'and', 'create', 'into', 'like', 'group', 'full', 'cast', 'else', 'then', 'or', 'union', 'with', 'table', 'select', 'values', 'true', 'in', 'having', 'as', 'describe', 'prepare', 'natural', 'from', 'for', 'except', 'not', 'between', 'drop', 'join', 'extract', 'deallocate', 'execute', 'constraint', 'is', 'left', 'end', 'inner', 'on', 'distinct', 'intersect', 'current_timestamp', 'insert', 'null', 'using', 'current_time', 'alter', 'where'}
def md5_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.MD5) -> str: View Source

    548        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    549            this = expression.this
    550
    551            if not this.type:
    552                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    553
    554                this = annotate_types(this)
    555
    556            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    557                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    558
    559            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))

def strtounix_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix) -> str: View Source

    561        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    562            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    563            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    564            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    565            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    566            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    567            value_as_text = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    568            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    569            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    570                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    571                value_as_text,
    572                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    573            )
    574            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    575            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str: View Source

    577        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    578            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    579                return self.func(
    580                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    581                    expression.this,
    582                    seq_get(
    583                        apply_index_offset(
    584                            expression.this,
    585                            expression.expressions,
    586                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    587                        ),
    588                        0,
    589                    ),
    590                )
    591            return super().bracket_sql(expression)

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    593        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    594            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    595
    596            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    597            values: t.List[str] = []
    598            schema: t.List[str] = []
    599            unknown_type = False
    600
    601            for e in expression.expressions:
    602                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    603                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    604                        unknown_type = True
    605                    else:
    606                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    607                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    608                else:
    609                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    610
    611            size = len(expression.expressions)
    612
    613            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    614                if unknown_type:
    615                    self.unsupported(
    616                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    617                    )
    618                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    619            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"

def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str: View Source

    621        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    622            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    623                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    624            return super().interval_sql(expression)

def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str: View Source

    626        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    627            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    628            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    629            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"

def generateseries_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries) -> str: View Source

    631        def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
    632            start = expression.args["start"]
    633            end = expression.args["end"]
    634            step = expression.args.get("step")
    635
    636            if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
    637                target_type = start.to
    638            elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
    639                target_type = end.to
    640            else:
    641                target_type = None
    642
    643            if target_type and target_type.is_type("timestamp"):
    644                if target_type is start.to:
    645                    end = exp.cast(end, target_type)
    646                else:
    647                    start = exp.cast(start, target_type)
    648
    649            return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)

def offset_limit_modifiers( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: Union[sqlglot.expressions.Fetch, sqlglot.expressions.Limit, NoneType]) -> List[str]: View Source

    651        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    652            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    653        ) -> t.List[str]:
    654            return [
    655                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    656                self.sql(limit),
    657            ]

def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str: View Source

    659        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    660            """
    661            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    662            so we need to remove them
    663            """
    664            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    665            schema = expression.this
    666            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    667                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    668            return super().create_sql(expression)

Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression), so we need to remove them

def delete_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Delete) -> str: View Source

    670        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    671            """
    672            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    673            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    674            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    675            """
    676            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    677            if len(tables) > 1:
    678                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    679
    680            table = tables[0]
    681            expression.set("this", table)
    682            expression.set("tables", None)
    683
    684            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    685                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    686                if table_alias:
    687                    table_alias.pop()
    688                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    689
    690            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  EXPLICIT_SET_OP
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  COLLATE_IS_FUNC
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  TRY_SUPPORTED
  SUPPORTS_UESCAPE
  STAR_EXCEPT
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  except_op
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  intersect_op
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  set_operations
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
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