sqlglot.dialects.snowflake API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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       1from __future__ import annotations
       2
       3import typing as t
       4
       5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
       6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
       7    Dialect,
       8    NormalizationStrategy,
       9    binary_from_function,
      10    build_default_decimal_type,
      11    build_timestamp_from_parts,
      12    date_delta_sql,
      13    date_trunc_to_time,
      14    datestrtodate_sql,
      15    build_formatted_time,
      16    if_sql,
      17    inline_array_sql,
      18    max_or_greatest,
      19    min_or_least,
      20    rename_func,
      21    timestamptrunc_sql,
      22    timestrtotime_sql,
      23    var_map_sql,
      24    map_date_part,
      25    no_safe_divide_sql,
      26    no_timestamp_sql,
      27    timestampdiff_sql,
      28    no_make_interval_sql,
      29)
      30from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
      31from sqlglot.helper import flatten, is_float, is_int, seq_get
      32from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
      33
      34if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
      35    from sqlglot._typing import E
      36
      37
      38# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
      39def _build_datetime(
      40    name: str, kind: exp.DataType.Type, safe: bool = False
      41) -> t.Callable[[t.List], exp.Func]:
      42    def _builder(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
      43        value = seq_get(args, 0)
      44        int_value = value is not None and is_int(value.name)
      45
      46        if isinstance(value, exp.Literal):
      47            # Converts calls like `TO_TIME('01:02:03')` into casts
      48            if len(args) == 1 and value.is_string and not int_value:
      49                return (
      50                    exp.TryCast(this=value, to=exp.DataType.build(kind))
      51                    if safe
      52                    else exp.cast(value, kind)
      53                )
      54
      55            # Handles `TO_TIMESTAMP(str, fmt)` and `TO_TIMESTAMP(num, scale)` as special
      56            # cases so we can transpile them, since they're relatively common
      57            if kind == exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP:
      58                if int_value and not safe:
      59                    # TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP('integer') is not parsed into exp.UnixToTime as
      60                    # it's not easily transpilable
      61                    return exp.UnixToTime(this=value, scale=seq_get(args, 1))
      62                if not is_float(value.this):
      63                    expr = build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
      64                    expr.set("safe", safe)
      65                    return expr
      66
      67        if kind == exp.DataType.Type.DATE and not int_value:
      68            formatted_exp = build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "snowflake")(args)
      69            formatted_exp.set("safe", safe)
      70            return formatted_exp
      71
      72        return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
      73
      74    return _builder
      75
      76
      77def _build_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
      78    expression = parser.build_var_map(args)
      79
      80    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
      81        return expression
      82
      83    return exp.Struct(
      84        expressions=[
      85            exp.PropertyEQ(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
      86        ]
      87    )
      88
      89
      90def _build_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
      91    return exp.DateDiff(
      92        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
      93    )
      94
      95
      96def _build_date_time_add(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
      97    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
      98        return expr_type(
      99            this=seq_get(args, 2),
     100            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
     101            unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
     102        )
     103
     104    return _builder
     105
     106
     107# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
     108def _build_if_from_div0(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     109    lhs = exp._wrap(seq_get(args, 0), exp.Binary)
     110    rhs = exp._wrap(seq_get(args, 1), exp.Binary)
     111
     112    cond = exp.EQ(this=rhs, expression=exp.Literal.number(0)).and_(
     113        exp.Is(this=lhs, expression=exp.null()).not_()
     114    )
     115    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
     116    false = exp.Div(this=lhs, expression=rhs)
     117    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
     118
     119
     120# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     121def _build_if_from_zeroifnull(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     122    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
     123    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     124
     125
     126# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     127def _build_if_from_nullifzero(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     128    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
     129    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     130
     131
     132def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
     133    flag = expression.text("flag")
     134
     135    if "i" not in flag:
     136        flag += "i"
     137
     138    return self.func(
     139        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
     140    )
     141
     142
     143def _build_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
     144    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
     145
     146    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
     147        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
     148
     149    return regexp_replace
     150
     151
     152def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
     153    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
     154        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
     155
     156    return _parse
     157
     158
     159def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
     160    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
     161    trunc.set("unit", map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
     162    return trunc
     163
     164
     165def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     166    """
     167    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
     168    so we need to unqualify them.
     169
     170    Example:
     171        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
     172        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
     173        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
     174        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
     175    """
     176    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
     177        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
     178
     179    return expression
     180
     181
     182def _flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     183    assert isinstance(expression, exp.Create)
     184
     185    def _flatten_structured_type(expression: exp.DataType) -> exp.DataType:
     186        if expression.this in exp.DataType.NESTED_TYPES:
     187            expression.set("expressions", None)
     188        return expression
     189
     190    props = expression.args.get("properties")
     191    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Schema) and not (props and props.find(exp.IcebergProperty)):
     192        for schema_expression in expression.this.expressions:
     193            if isinstance(schema_expression, exp.ColumnDef):
     194                column_type = schema_expression.kind
     195                if isinstance(column_type, exp.DataType):
     196                    column_type.transform(_flatten_structured_type, copy=False)
     197
     198    return expression
     199
     200
     201def _unnest_generate_date_array(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     202    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
     203        for unnest in expression.find_all(exp.Unnest):
     204            if (
     205                isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join))
     206                and len(unnest.expressions) == 1
     207                and isinstance(unnest.expressions[0], exp.GenerateDateArray)
     208            ):
     209                generate_date_array = unnest.expressions[0]
     210                start = generate_date_array.args.get("start")
     211                end = generate_date_array.args.get("end")
     212                step = generate_date_array.args.get("step")
     213
     214                if not start or not end or not isinstance(step, exp.Interval) or step.name != "1":
     215                    continue
     216
     217                unit = step.args.get("unit")
     218
     219                unnest_alias = unnest.args.get("alias")
     220                if unnest_alias:
     221                    unnest_alias = unnest_alias.copy()
     222                    sequence_value_name = seq_get(unnest_alias.columns, 0) or "value"
     223                else:
     224                    sequence_value_name = "value"
     225
     226                # We'll add the next sequence value to the starting date and project the result
     227                date_add = _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd)(
     228                    [unit, exp.cast(sequence_value_name, "int"), exp.cast(start, "date")]
     229                ).as_(sequence_value_name)
     230
     231                # We use DATEDIFF to compute the number of sequence values needed
     232                number_sequence = Snowflake.Parser.FUNCTIONS["ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE"](
     233                    [exp.Literal.number(0), _build_datediff([unit, start, end]) + 1]
     234                )
     235
     236                unnest.set("expressions", [number_sequence])
     237                unnest.replace(exp.select(date_add).from_(unnest.copy()).subquery(unnest_alias))
     238
     239    return expression
     240
     241
     242def _build_regexp_extract(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
     243    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
     244        return expr_type(
     245            this=seq_get(args, 0),
     246            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
     247            position=seq_get(args, 2),
     248            occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
     249            parameters=seq_get(args, 4),
     250            group=seq_get(args, 5) or exp.Literal.number(0),
     251        )
     252
     253    return _builder
     254
     255
     256def _regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract | exp.RegexpExtractAll) -> str:
     257    # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     258    # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     259    group = expression.args.get("group")
     260
     261    # To avoid generating all these default values, we set group to None if
     262    # it's 0 (also default value) which doesn't trigger the following chain
     263    if group and group.name == "0":
     264        group = None
     265
     266    parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
     267    occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
     268    position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
     269
     270    return self.func(
     271        "REGEXP_SUBSTR" if isinstance(expression, exp.RegexpExtract) else "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL",
     272        expression.this,
     273        expression.expression,
     274        position,
     275        occurrence,
     276        parameters,
     277        group,
     278    )
     279
     280
     281def _json_extract_value_array_sql(
     282    self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.JSONValueArray | exp.JSONExtractArray
     283) -> str:
     284    json_extract = exp.JSONExtract(this=expression.this, expression=expression.expression)
     285    ident = exp.to_identifier("x")
     286
     287    if isinstance(expression, exp.JSONValueArray):
     288        this: exp.Expression = exp.cast(ident, to=exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
     289    else:
     290        this = exp.ParseJSON(this=f"TO_JSON({ident})")
     291
     292    transform_lambda = exp.Lambda(expressions=[ident], this=this)
     293
     294    return self.func("TRANSFORM", json_extract, transform_lambda)
     295
     296
     297class Snowflake(Dialect):
     298    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     299    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     300    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     301    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     302    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     303    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     304    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     305    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     306    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     307    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
     308
     309    TIME_MAPPING = {
     310        "YYYY": "%Y",
     311        "yyyy": "%Y",
     312        "YY": "%y",
     313        "yy": "%y",
     314        "MMMM": "%B",
     315        "mmmm": "%B",
     316        "MON": "%b",
     317        "mon": "%b",
     318        "MM": "%m",
     319        "mm": "%m",
     320        "DD": "%d",
     321        "dd": "%-d",
     322        "DY": "%a",
     323        "dy": "%w",
     324        "HH24": "%H",
     325        "hh24": "%H",
     326        "HH12": "%I",
     327        "hh12": "%I",
     328        "MI": "%M",
     329        "mi": "%M",
     330        "SS": "%S",
     331        "ss": "%S",
     332        "FF": "%f",
     333        "ff": "%f",
     334        "FF6": "%f",
     335        "ff6": "%f",
     336    }
     337
     338    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     339        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     340        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     341        if (
     342            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     343            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     344            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     345        ):
     346            return expression  # type: ignore
     347
     348        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     349
     350    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     351        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     352        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     353        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
     354
     355        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     356            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     357            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     358        }
     359
     360        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     361        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     362
     363        FUNCTIONS = {
     364            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     365            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     366            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
     367            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     368                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     369            ),
     370            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     371                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     372                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     373                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     374                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     375            ),
     376            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     377            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     378            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
     379            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     380            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     381            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     382            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     383            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     384            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
     385                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
     386            ),
     387            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     388            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     389                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     390            ),
     391            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     392            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     393                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     394            ),
     395            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     396            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     397            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     398            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     399            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     400            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     401            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     402            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     403            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     404            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     405            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     406            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     407            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     408            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     409            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     410            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     411            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     412            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     413            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     414            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
     415            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     416            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
     417                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
     418            ),
     419            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     420            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     421                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     422                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     423                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     424                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     425            ),
     426            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     427            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     428            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     429            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     430            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     431            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     432            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     433        }
     434
     435        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     436            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     437            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     438            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     439        }
     440        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     441
     442        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     443
     444        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     445            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     446            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     447            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     448        }
     449
     450        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     451            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     452            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     453                exp.Set,
     454                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     455                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     456                unset=True,
     457            ),
     458        }
     459
     460        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     461            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     462            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     463        }
     464
     465        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     466            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     467            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     468        }
     469
     470        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
     471            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     472            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     473        }
     474
     475        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     476            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     477            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     478            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     479            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     480            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     481            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     482            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     483            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     484            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     485            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     486            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     487            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     488            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     489            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     490            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     491            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     492            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     493            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     494            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     495        }
     496
     497        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     498            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     499            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     500            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     501            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     502            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     503        }
     504
     505        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     506            TokenType.DOT,
     507            TokenType.MOD,
     508            TokenType.SLASH,
     509        }
     510
     511        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     512
     513        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     514
     515        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
     516
     517        LAMBDAS = {
     518            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     519            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     520                exp.Lambda,
     521                this=self._replace_lambda(
     522                    self._parse_assignment(),
     523                    expressions,
     524                ),
     525                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     526            ),
     527        }
     528
     529        def _negate_range(
     530            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     531        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     532            if not this:
     533                return this
     534
     535            query = this.args.get("query")
     536            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
     537                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
     538                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
     539                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
     540                #
     541                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
     542                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
     543                return self.expression(
     544                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
     545                )
     546
     547            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
     548
     549        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     550            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
     551                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
     552
     553            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
     554                policy = self._parse_column()
     555                return self.expression(
     556                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
     557                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     558                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
     559                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     560                )
     561            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
     562                policy = self._parse_column()
     563                return self.expression(
     564                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
     565                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     566                )
     567            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     568                return self.expression(
     569                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
     570                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
     571                )
     572
     573            return None
     574
     575        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     576            expression = super()._parse_create()
     577            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
     578                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     579                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     580
     581            return expression
     582
     583        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     584        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     585        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     586            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     587
     588            if not this:
     589                return None
     590
     591            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     592            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     593            this = map_date_part(this)
     594            name = this.name.upper()
     595
     596            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     597                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     598                    scale = 10**3
     599                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     600                    scale = 10**6
     601                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     602                    scale = 10**9
     603                else:
     604                    scale = None
     605
     606                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     607                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     608
     609                if scale:
     610                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     611
     612                return to_unix
     613
     614            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     615
     616        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     617            if is_map:
     618                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     619                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     620                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     621                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     622
     623            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
     624
     625        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     626            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     627            if not lateral:
     628                return lateral
     629
     630            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     631                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     632                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     633                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     634                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     635                elif not table_alias:
     636                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     637
     638            return lateral
     639
     640        def _parse_table_parts(
     641            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     642        ) -> exp.Table:
     643            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     644            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     645                table = self._parse_string()
     646            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     647                table = self._parse_location_path()
     648            else:
     649                table = None
     650
     651            if table:
     652                file_format = None
     653                pattern = None
     654
     655                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     656                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     657                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     658                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     659                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     660                        )
     661                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     662                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     663                    else:
     664                        break
     665
     666                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     667
     668                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     669            else:
     670                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     671
     672            return table
     673
     674        def _parse_id_var(
     675            self,
     676            any_token: bool = True,
     677            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     678        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     679            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     680                identifier = (
     681                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     682                    or self._parse_string()
     683                )
     684                self._match_r_paren()
     685                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     686
     687            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     688
     689        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     690            scope = None
     691            scope_kind = None
     692
     693            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     694            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     695            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     696
     697            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     698
     699            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     700
     701            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     702                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     703                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     704                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     705                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     706                    if self._curr:
     707                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     708                elif self._curr:
     709                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     710                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     711
     712            return self.expression(
     713                exp.Show,
     714                **{
     715                    "terse": terse,
     716                    "this": this,
     717                    "history": history,
     718                    "like": like,
     719                    "scope": scope,
     720                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     721                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     722                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     723                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     724                },
     725            )
     726
     727        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     728            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     729            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     730
     731        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     732            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     733            return (
     734                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
     735                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     736                else self._parse_table_parts()
     737            )
     738
     739        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     740            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     741
     742            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     743            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     744            # in case of subqueries
     745            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     746                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     747            ):
     748                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     749
     750            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     751
     752        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     753            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     754
     755            if not this:
     756                return this
     757
     758            typ = self._parse_types()
     759
     760            if typ:
     761                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     762
     763            return this
     764
     765    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     766        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     767        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     768        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     769        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     770        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
     771
     772        KEYWORDS = {
     773            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     774            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     775            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     776            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     777            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     778            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     779            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     780            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     781            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     782            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     783            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     784            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     785            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     786            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     787            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     788            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     789            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     790            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     791            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     792            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     793            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     794            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
     795            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
     796        }
     797        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     798
     799        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     800            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     801            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     802        }
     803
     804        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     805
     806        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     807
     808    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     809        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     810        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     811        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     812        JOIN_HINTS = False
     813        TABLE_HINTS = False
     814        QUERY_HINTS = False
     815        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     816        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     817        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     818        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     819        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     820        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     821        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     822        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     823        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     824        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     825        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     826        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     827        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     828        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     829        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
     830        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
     831
     832        TRANSFORMS = {
     833            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     834            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     835            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     836            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     837            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     838            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     839            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     840            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     841                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     842            ),
     843            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     844            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     845            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     846            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     847            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     848            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
     849            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     850            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     851            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     852            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     853            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     854            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     855            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     856                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     857            ),
     858            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     859                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     860            ),
     861            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     862            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     863            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     864            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     865                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     866            ),
     867            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     868            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     869            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     870            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     871            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     872            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     873            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
     874            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     875            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     876            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     877                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     878            ),
     879            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     880            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     881                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     882            ),
     883            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     884                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     885            ),
     886            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     887            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
     888            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
     889            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     890            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     891            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     892                [
     893                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     894                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     895                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     896                    _unnest_generate_date_array,
     897                ]
     898            ),
     899            exp.SafeDivide: lambda self, e: no_safe_divide_sql(self, e, "IFF"),
     900            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     901            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     902            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     903            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     904                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     905            ),
     906            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     907            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     908            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     909            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
     910            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     911            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     912                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     913            ),
     914            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     915            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     916            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     917            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     918            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     919            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
     920            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     921            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     922            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     923                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     924            ),
     925            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     926            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
     927            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     928            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     929            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     930            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
     931                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
     932            ),
     933        }
     934
     935        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     936            exp.JSONPathKey,
     937            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     938            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     939        }
     940
     941        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     942            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     943            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     944            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     945        }
     946
     947        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     948            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     949            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     950            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     951        }
     952
     953        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     954            exp.Map,
     955            exp.StarMap,
     956            exp.Struct,
     957            exp.VarMap,
     958        }
     959
     960        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     961            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     962
     963        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     964            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     965                values_as_table = False
     966
     967            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     968
     969        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     970            expressions = expression.expressions
     971            if (
     972                expressions
     973                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     974                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     975            ):
     976                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     977                return "OBJECT"
     978
     979            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     980
     981        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     982            return self.func(
     983                "TO_NUMBER",
     984                expression.this,
     985                expression.args.get("format"),
     986                expression.args.get("precision"),
     987                expression.args.get("scale"),
     988            )
     989
     990        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     991            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     992            if milli is not None:
     993                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     994                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     995
     996            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     997
     998        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
     999            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1000                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1001            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1002                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1003
    1004            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    1005
    1006        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1007            value = expression.this
    1008
    1009            if value.type is None:
    1010                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1011
    1012                value = annotate_types(value)
    1013
    1014            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1015                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1016
    1017            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1018            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    1019
    1020        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1021            if not expression.expression:
    1022                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1023
    1024            return super().log_sql(expression)
    1025
    1026        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1027            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1028            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1029
    1030            columns = [
    1031                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1032                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1033                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1034                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1035                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1036                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1037                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1038            ]
    1039
    1040            if unnest_alias:
    1041                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1042            else:
    1043                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1044
    1045            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    1046            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1047            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1048            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    1049
    1050        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1051            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1052            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1053            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1054            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1055
    1056            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1057            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1058
    1059            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1060            if scope_kind:
    1061                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1062
    1063            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1064            if starts_with:
    1065                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1066
    1067            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1068
    1069            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1070            if from_:
    1071                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1072
    1073            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    1074
    1075        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1076            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1077            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1078            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1079            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1080            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1081            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1082            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1083
    1084        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1085            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1086        ) -> str:
    1087            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1088            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1089            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1090            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1091            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1092
    1093        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1094            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1095
    1096        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1097            keys = []
    1098            values = []
    1099
    1100            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1101                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1102                    keys.append(
    1103                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1104                    )
    1105                    values.append(e.expression)
    1106                else:
    1107                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1108                    values.append(e)
    1109
    1110            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1111
    1112        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1113        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1114            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1115
    1116        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1117            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1118            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1119            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1120            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1121            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1122            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1123            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1124            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1125
    1126            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
    1127
    1128        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1129            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1130            return self.func(
    1131                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1132            )
    1133
    1134        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1135            return self.sql(
    1136                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1137                    this=expression.this,
    1138                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1139                    unit=expression.unit,
    1140                )
    1141            )
    1142
    1143        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1144            this = expression.this
    1145
    1146            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1147            return self.func(
    1148                "GET_PATH",
    1149                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1150                expression.expression,
    1151            )
    1152
    1153        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1154            this = expression.this
    1155            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1156                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1157
    1158            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))

class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

     298class Snowflake(Dialect):
     299    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     300    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     301    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     302    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     303    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     304    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     305    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     306    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     307    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     308    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
     309
     310    TIME_MAPPING = {
     311        "YYYY": "%Y",
     312        "yyyy": "%Y",
     313        "YY": "%y",
     314        "yy": "%y",
     315        "MMMM": "%B",
     316        "mmmm": "%B",
     317        "MON": "%b",
     318        "mon": "%b",
     319        "MM": "%m",
     320        "mm": "%m",
     321        "DD": "%d",
     322        "dd": "%-d",
     323        "DY": "%a",
     324        "dy": "%w",
     325        "HH24": "%H",
     326        "hh24": "%H",
     327        "HH12": "%I",
     328        "hh12": "%I",
     329        "MI": "%M",
     330        "mi": "%M",
     331        "SS": "%S",
     332        "ss": "%S",
     333        "FF": "%f",
     334        "ff": "%f",
     335        "FF6": "%f",
     336        "ff6": "%f",
     337    }
     338
     339    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     340        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     341        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     342        if (
     343            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     344            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     345            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     346        ):
     347            return expression  # type: ignore
     348
     349        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     350
     351    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     352        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     353        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     354        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
     355
     356        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     357            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     358            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     359        }
     360
     361        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     362        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     363
     364        FUNCTIONS = {
     365            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     366            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     367            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
     368            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     369                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     370            ),
     371            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     372                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     373                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     374                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     375                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     376            ),
     377            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     378            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     379            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
     380            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     381            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     382            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     383            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     384            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     385            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
     386                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
     387            ),
     388            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     389            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     390                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     391            ),
     392            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     393            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     394                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     395            ),
     396            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     397            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     398            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     399            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     400            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     401            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     402            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     403            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     404            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     405            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     406            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     407            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     408            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     409            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     410            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     411            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     412            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     413            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     414            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     415            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
     416            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     417            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
     418                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
     419            ),
     420            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     421            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     422                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     423                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     424                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     425                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     426            ),
     427            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     428            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     429            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     430            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     431            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     432            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     433            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     434        }
     435
     436        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     437            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     438            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     439            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     440        }
     441        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     442
     443        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     444
     445        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     446            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     447            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     448            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     449        }
     450
     451        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     452            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     453            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     454                exp.Set,
     455                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     456                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     457                unset=True,
     458            ),
     459        }
     460
     461        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     462            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     463            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     464        }
     465
     466        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     467            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     468            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     469        }
     470
     471        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
     472            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     473            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     474        }
     475
     476        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     477            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     478            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     479            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     480            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     481            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     482            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     483            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     484            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     485            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     486            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     487            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     488            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     489            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     490            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     491            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     492            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     493            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     494            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     495            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     496        }
     497
     498        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     499            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     500            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     501            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     502            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     503            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     504        }
     505
     506        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     507            TokenType.DOT,
     508            TokenType.MOD,
     509            TokenType.SLASH,
     510        }
     511
     512        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     513
     514        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     515
     516        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
     517
     518        LAMBDAS = {
     519            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     520            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     521                exp.Lambda,
     522                this=self._replace_lambda(
     523                    self._parse_assignment(),
     524                    expressions,
     525                ),
     526                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     527            ),
     528        }
     529
     530        def _negate_range(
     531            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     532        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     533            if not this:
     534                return this
     535
     536            query = this.args.get("query")
     537            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
     538                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
     539                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
     540                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
     541                #
     542                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
     543                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
     544                return self.expression(
     545                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
     546                )
     547
     548            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
     549
     550        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     551            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
     552                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
     553
     554            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
     555                policy = self._parse_column()
     556                return self.expression(
     557                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
     558                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     559                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
     560                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     561                )
     562            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
     563                policy = self._parse_column()
     564                return self.expression(
     565                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
     566                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     567                )
     568            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     569                return self.expression(
     570                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
     571                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
     572                )
     573
     574            return None
     575
     576        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     577            expression = super()._parse_create()
     578            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
     579                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     580                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     581
     582            return expression
     583
     584        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     585        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     586        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     587            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     588
     589            if not this:
     590                return None
     591
     592            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     593            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     594            this = map_date_part(this)
     595            name = this.name.upper()
     596
     597            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     598                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     599                    scale = 10**3
     600                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     601                    scale = 10**6
     602                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     603                    scale = 10**9
     604                else:
     605                    scale = None
     606
     607                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     608                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     609
     610                if scale:
     611                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     612
     613                return to_unix
     614
     615            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     616
     617        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     618            if is_map:
     619                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     620                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     621                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     622                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     623
     624            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
     625
     626        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     627            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     628            if not lateral:
     629                return lateral
     630
     631            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     632                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     633                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     634                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     635                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     636                elif not table_alias:
     637                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     638
     639            return lateral
     640
     641        def _parse_table_parts(
     642            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     643        ) -> exp.Table:
     644            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     645            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     646                table = self._parse_string()
     647            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     648                table = self._parse_location_path()
     649            else:
     650                table = None
     651
     652            if table:
     653                file_format = None
     654                pattern = None
     655
     656                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     657                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     658                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     659                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     660                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     661                        )
     662                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     663                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     664                    else:
     665                        break
     666
     667                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     668
     669                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     670            else:
     671                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     672
     673            return table
     674
     675        def _parse_id_var(
     676            self,
     677            any_token: bool = True,
     678            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     679        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     680            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     681                identifier = (
     682                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     683                    or self._parse_string()
     684                )
     685                self._match_r_paren()
     686                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     687
     688            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     689
     690        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     691            scope = None
     692            scope_kind = None
     693
     694            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     695            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     696            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     697
     698            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     699
     700            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     701
     702            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     703                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     704                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     705                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     706                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     707                    if self._curr:
     708                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     709                elif self._curr:
     710                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     711                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     712
     713            return self.expression(
     714                exp.Show,
     715                **{
     716                    "terse": terse,
     717                    "this": this,
     718                    "history": history,
     719                    "like": like,
     720                    "scope": scope,
     721                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     722                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     723                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     724                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     725                },
     726            )
     727
     728        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     729            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     730            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     731
     732        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     733            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     734            return (
     735                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
     736                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     737                else self._parse_table_parts()
     738            )
     739
     740        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     741            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     742
     743            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     744            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     745            # in case of subqueries
     746            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     747                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     748            ):
     749                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     750
     751            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     752
     753        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     754            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     755
     756            if not this:
     757                return this
     758
     759            typ = self._parse_types()
     760
     761            if typ:
     762                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     763
     764            return this
     765
     766    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     767        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     768        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     769        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     770        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     771        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
     772
     773        KEYWORDS = {
     774            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     775            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     776            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     777            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     778            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     779            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     780            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     781            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     782            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     783            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     784            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     785            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     786            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     787            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     788            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     789            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     790            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     791            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     792            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     793            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     794            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     795            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
     796            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
     797        }
     798        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     799
     800        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     801            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     802            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     803        }
     804
     805        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     806
     807        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     808
     809    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     810        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     811        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     812        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     813        JOIN_HINTS = False
     814        TABLE_HINTS = False
     815        QUERY_HINTS = False
     816        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     817        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     818        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     819        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     820        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     821        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     822        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     823        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     824        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     825        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     826        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     827        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     828        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     829        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     830        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
     831        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
     832
     833        TRANSFORMS = {
     834            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     835            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     836            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     837            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     838            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     839            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     840            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     841            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     842                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     843            ),
     844            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     845            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     846            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     847            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     848            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     849            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
     850            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     851            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     852            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     853            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     854            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     855            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     856            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     857                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     858            ),
     859            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     860                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     861            ),
     862            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     863            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     864            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     865            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     866                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     867            ),
     868            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     869            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     870            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     871            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     872            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     873            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     874            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
     875            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     876            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     877            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     878                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     879            ),
     880            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     881            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     882                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     883            ),
     884            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     885                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     886            ),
     887            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     888            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
     889            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
     890            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     891            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     892            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     893                [
     894                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     895                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     896                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     897                    _unnest_generate_date_array,
     898                ]
     899            ),
     900            exp.SafeDivide: lambda self, e: no_safe_divide_sql(self, e, "IFF"),
     901            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     902            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     903            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     904            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     905                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     906            ),
     907            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     908            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     909            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     910            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
     911            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     912            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     913                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     914            ),
     915            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     916            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     917            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     918            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     919            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     920            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
     921            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     922            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     923            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     924                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     925            ),
     926            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     927            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
     928            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     929            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     930            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     931            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
     932                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
     933            ),
     934        }
     935
     936        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     937            exp.JSONPathKey,
     938            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     939            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     940        }
     941
     942        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     943            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     944            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     945            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     946        }
     947
     948        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     949            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     950            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     951            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     952        }
     953
     954        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     955            exp.Map,
     956            exp.StarMap,
     957            exp.Struct,
     958            exp.VarMap,
     959        }
     960
     961        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     962            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     963
     964        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     965            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     966                values_as_table = False
     967
     968            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     969
     970        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     971            expressions = expression.expressions
     972            if (
     973                expressions
     974                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     975                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     976            ):
     977                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     978                return "OBJECT"
     979
     980            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     981
     982        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     983            return self.func(
     984                "TO_NUMBER",
     985                expression.this,
     986                expression.args.get("format"),
     987                expression.args.get("precision"),
     988                expression.args.get("scale"),
     989            )
     990
     991        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     992            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     993            if milli is not None:
     994                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     995                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     996
     997            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     998
     999        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1000            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1001                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1002            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1003                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1004
    1005            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    1006
    1007        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1008            value = expression.this
    1009
    1010            if value.type is None:
    1011                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1012
    1013                value = annotate_types(value)
    1014
    1015            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1016                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1017
    1018            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1019            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    1020
    1021        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1022            if not expression.expression:
    1023                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1024
    1025            return super().log_sql(expression)
    1026
    1027        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1028            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1029            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1030
    1031            columns = [
    1032                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1033                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1034                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1035                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1036                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1037                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1038                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1039            ]
    1040
    1041            if unnest_alias:
    1042                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1043            else:
    1044                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1045
    1046            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    1047            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1048            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1049            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    1050
    1051        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1052            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1053            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1054            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1055            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1056
    1057            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1058            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1059
    1060            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1061            if scope_kind:
    1062                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1063
    1064            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1065            if starts_with:
    1066                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1067
    1068            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1069
    1070            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1071            if from_:
    1072                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1073
    1074            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    1075
    1076        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1077            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1078            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1079            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1080            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1081            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1082            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1083            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1084
    1085        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1086            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1087        ) -> str:
    1088            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1089            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1090            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1091            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1092            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1093
    1094        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1095            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1096
    1097        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1098            keys = []
    1099            values = []
    1100
    1101            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1102                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1103                    keys.append(
    1104                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1105                    )
    1106                    values.append(e.expression)
    1107                else:
    1108                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1109                    values.append(e)
    1110
    1111            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1112
    1113        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1114        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1115            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1116
    1117        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1118            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1119            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1120            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1121            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1122            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1123            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1124            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1125            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1126
    1127            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
    1128
    1129        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1130            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1131            return self.func(
    1132                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1133            )
    1134
    1135        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1136            return self.sql(
    1137                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1138                    this=expression.this,
    1139                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1140                    unit=expression.unit,
    1141                )
    1142            )
    1143
    1144        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1145            this = expression.this
    1146
    1147            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1148            return self.func(
    1149                "GET_PATH",
    1150                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1151                expression.expression,
    1152            )
    1153
    1154        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1155            this = expression.this
    1156            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1157                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1158
    1159            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

    will be rewritten as

    WITH y(c) AS (
        SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
    ) SELECT c FROM y;

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False

Whether COPY statement parameters are separated by comma or whitespace

ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS: Optional[bool] = None

Whether ArrayAgg needs to filter NULL values.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    339    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    340        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    341        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    342        if (
    343            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    344            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    345            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    346        ):
    347            return expression  # type: ignore
    348
    349        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an `Identifier`, this method is a no-op.
- identify: If set to `False`, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION
  EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY
  SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL
  HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS
  STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX
  ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR
  REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP
  SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT
  CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS
  ANNOTATORS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    351    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    352        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    353        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
    354        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
    355
    356        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    357            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    358            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    359        }
    360
    361        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    362        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
    363
    364        FUNCTIONS = {
    365            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    366            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    367            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
    368            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    369                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    370            ),
    371            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    372                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    373                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    374                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    375                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    376            ),
    377            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    378            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    379            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    380            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    381            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    382            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    383            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    384            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
    385            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
    386                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
    387            ),
    388            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    389            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    390                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    391            ),
    392            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    393            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    394                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    395            ),
    396            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    397            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    398            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    399            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
    400            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
    401            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    402            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
    403            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    404            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    405            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    406            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    407            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
    408            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    409            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    410            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
    411            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    412            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    413            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    414            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    415            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
    416            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
    417            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
    418                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
    419            ),
    420            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    421            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
    422                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    423                format=seq_get(args, 1),
    424                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
    425                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
    426            ),
    427            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
    428            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    429            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
    430            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    431            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
    432            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    433            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
    434        }
    435
    436        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    437            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    438            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
    439            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    440        }
    441        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    442
    443        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    444
    445        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    446            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    447            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    448            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    449        }
    450
    451        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    452            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    453            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    454                exp.Set,
    455                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    456                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    457                unset=True,
    458            ),
    459        }
    460
    461        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    462            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    463            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    464        }
    465
    466        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    467            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    468            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
    469        }
    470
    471        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
    472            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
    473            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
    474        }
    475
    476        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    477            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    478            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    479            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    480            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    481            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    482            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    483            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    484            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    485            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    486            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    487            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    488            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    489            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    490            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    491            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    492            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    493            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    494            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    495            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    496        }
    497
    498        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    499            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    500            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    501            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    502            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    503            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    504        }
    505
    506        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    507            TokenType.DOT,
    508            TokenType.MOD,
    509            TokenType.SLASH,
    510        }
    511
    512        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    513
    514        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
    515
    516        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
    517
    518        LAMBDAS = {
    519            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
    520            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
    521                exp.Lambda,
    522                this=self._replace_lambda(
    523                    self._parse_assignment(),
    524                    expressions,
    525                ),
    526                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
    527            ),
    528        }
    529
    530        def _negate_range(
    531            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    532        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    533            if not this:
    534                return this
    535
    536            query = this.args.get("query")
    537            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
    538                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
    539                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
    540                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
    541                #
    542                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
    543                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
    544                return self.expression(
    545                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
    546                )
    547
    548            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
    549
    550        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    551            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
    552                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    553
    554            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
    555                policy = self._parse_column()
    556                return self.expression(
    557                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
    558                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
    559                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
    560                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    561                )
    562            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
    563                policy = self._parse_column()
    564                return self.expression(
    565                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
    566                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
    567                )
    568            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
    569                return self.expression(
    570                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
    571                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
    572                )
    573
    574            return None
    575
    576        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
    577            expression = super()._parse_create()
    578            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
    579                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
    580                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
    581
    582            return expression
    583
    584        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
    585        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
    586        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    587            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
    588
    589            if not this:
    590                return None
    591
    592            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    593            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    594            this = map_date_part(this)
    595            name = this.name.upper()
    596
    597            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
    598                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
    599                    scale = 10**3
    600                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
    601                    scale = 10**6
    602                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
    603                    scale = 10**9
    604                else:
    605                    scale = None
    606
    607                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    608                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    609
    610                if scale:
    611                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    612
    613                return to_unix
    614
    615            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    616
    617        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    618            if is_map:
    619                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    620                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    621                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    622                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    623
    624            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
    625
    626        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    627            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    628            if not lateral:
    629                return lateral
    630
    631            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    632                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    633                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    634                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    635                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    636                elif not table_alias:
    637                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    638
    639            return lateral
    640
    641        def _parse_table_parts(
    642            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    643        ) -> exp.Table:
    644            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    645            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    646                table = self._parse_string()
    647            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    648                table = self._parse_location_path()
    649            else:
    650                table = None
    651
    652            if table:
    653                file_format = None
    654                pattern = None
    655
    656                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    657                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    658                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    659                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    660                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    661                        )
    662                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    663                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    664                    else:
    665                        break
    666
    667                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    668
    669                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    670            else:
    671                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    672
    673            return table
    674
    675        def _parse_id_var(
    676            self,
    677            any_token: bool = True,
    678            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    679        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    680            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    681                identifier = (
    682                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    683                    or self._parse_string()
    684                )
    685                self._match_r_paren()
    686                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    687
    688            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    689
    690        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    691            scope = None
    692            scope_kind = None
    693
    694            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    695            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    696            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    697
    698            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    699
    700            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    701
    702            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    703                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    704                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    705                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    706                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    707                    if self._curr:
    708                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    709                elif self._curr:
    710                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
    711                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    712
    713            return self.expression(
    714                exp.Show,
    715                **{
    716                    "terse": terse,
    717                    "this": this,
    718                    "history": history,
    719                    "like": like,
    720                    "scope": scope,
    721                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    722                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    723                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    724                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    725                },
    726            )
    727
    728        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    729            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    730            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    731
    732        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    733            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
    734            return (
    735                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
    736                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
    737                else self._parse_table_parts()
    738            )
    739
    740        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    741            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    742
    743            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    744            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
    745            # in case of subqueries
    746            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
    747                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
    748            ):
    749                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    750
    751            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    752
    753        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    754            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
    755
    756            if not this:
    757                return this
    758
    759            typ = self._parse_types()
    760
    761            if typ:
    762                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
    763
    764            return this

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = 'BERNOULLI'
COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Contains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': 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'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': 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'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'J_S_O_N_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _build_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'DATEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'DIV0': <function _build_if_from_div0>, 'EDITDISTANCE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _build_if_from_nullifzero>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _build_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TRY_PARSE_JSON': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _build_if_from_zeroifnull>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.AT_GT: 'AT_GT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.LT_AT: 'LT_AT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTRIBUTED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DUPLICATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EMPTY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STREAMING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
TYPE_CONVERTERS = {<Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: <function build_default_decimal_type.<locals>._builder>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'MASKING': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PROJECTION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TAG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SCHEMA_KINDS = {'OBJECTS', 'UNIQUE KEYS', 'IMPORTED KEYS', 'TABLES', 'SEQUENCES', 'VIEWS'}
NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {'TAG', 'STORAGE INTEGRATION', 'STREAMLIT', 'WAREHOUSE'}
LAMBDAS = {<TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
  EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  DESCRIBE_STYLES
  OPERATION_MODIFIERS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    766    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    767        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    768        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    769        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    770        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    771        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
    772
    773        KEYWORDS = {
    774            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    775            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    776            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    777            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    778            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    779            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    780            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    781            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    782            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    783            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    784            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    785            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    786            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    787            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    788            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    789            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    790            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    791            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
    792            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
    793            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    794            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    795            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
    796            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
    797        }
    798        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    799
    800        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    801            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    802            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    803        }
    804
    805        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    806
    807        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
NESTED_COMMENTS = False
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_CONDITION': <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'STORAGE INTEGRATION': <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, 'TAG': <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'WAREHOUSE': <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, 'STREAMLIT': <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  QUOTES
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

     809    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     810        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     811        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     812        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     813        JOIN_HINTS = False
     814        TABLE_HINTS = False
     815        QUERY_HINTS = False
     816        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     817        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     818        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     819        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     820        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     821        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     822        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     823        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     824        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     825        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     826        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     827        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     828        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     829        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     830        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
     831        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
     832
     833        TRANSFORMS = {
     834            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     835            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     836            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     837            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     838            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     839            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     840            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     841            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     842                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     843            ),
     844            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     845            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     846            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     847            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     848            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     849            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
     850            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     851            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     852            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     853            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     854            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     855            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     856            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     857                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     858            ),
     859            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     860                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     861            ),
     862            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     863            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     864            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     865            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     866                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     867            ),
     868            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     869            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     870            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
     871            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     872            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     873            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     874            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
     875            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     876            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     877            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     878                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     879            ),
     880            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     881            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     882                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     883            ),
     884            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     885                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     886            ),
     887            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     888            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
     889            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
     890            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     891            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     892            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     893                [
     894                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     895                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     896                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     897                    _unnest_generate_date_array,
     898                ]
     899            ),
     900            exp.SafeDivide: lambda self, e: no_safe_divide_sql(self, e, "IFF"),
     901            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     902            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     903            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     904            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     905                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     906            ),
     907            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     908            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     909            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     910            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
     911            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
     912            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     913                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     914            ),
     915            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     916            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     917            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     918            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     919            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     920            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
     921            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     922            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     923            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     924                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     925            ),
     926            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     927            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
     928            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     929            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     930            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     931            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
     932                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
     933            ),
     934        }
     935
     936        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     937            exp.JSONPathKey,
     938            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     939            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     940        }
     941
     942        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     943            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     944            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     945            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     946        }
     947
     948        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     949            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     950            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     951            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     952        }
     953
     954        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     955            exp.Map,
     956            exp.StarMap,
     957            exp.Struct,
     958            exp.VarMap,
     959        }
     960
     961        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     962            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     963
     964        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     965            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     966                values_as_table = False
     967
     968            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     969
     970        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     971            expressions = expression.expressions
     972            if (
     973                expressions
     974                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     975                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     976            ):
     977                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     978                return "OBJECT"
     979
     980            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     981
     982        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     983            return self.func(
     984                "TO_NUMBER",
     985                expression.this,
     986                expression.args.get("format"),
     987                expression.args.get("precision"),
     988                expression.args.get("scale"),
     989            )
     990
     991        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     992            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     993            if milli is not None:
     994                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     995                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     996
     997            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     998
     999        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1000            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1001                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1002            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1003                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1004
    1005            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    1006
    1007        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1008            value = expression.this
    1009
    1010            if value.type is None:
    1011                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1012
    1013                value = annotate_types(value)
    1014
    1015            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1016                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1017
    1018            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1019            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    1020
    1021        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1022            if not expression.expression:
    1023                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1024
    1025            return super().log_sql(expression)
    1026
    1027        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1028            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1029            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1030
    1031            columns = [
    1032                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1033                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1034                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1035                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1036                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1037                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1038                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1039            ]
    1040
    1041            if unnest_alias:
    1042                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1043            else:
    1044                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1045
    1046            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    1047            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1048            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1049            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    1050
    1051        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1052            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1053            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1054            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1055            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1056
    1057            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1058            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1059
    1060            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1061            if scope_kind:
    1062                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1063
    1064            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1065            if starts_with:
    1066                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1067
    1068            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1069
    1070            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1071            if from_:
    1072                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1073
    1074            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    1075
    1076        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1077            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1078            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1079            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1080            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1081            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1082            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1083            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1084
    1085        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1086            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1087        ) -> str:
    1088            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1089            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1090            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1091            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1092            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1093
    1094        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1095            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1096
    1097        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1098            keys = []
    1099            values = []
    1100
    1101            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1102                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1103                    keys.append(
    1104                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1105                    )
    1106                    values.append(e.expression)
    1107                else:
    1108                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1109                    values.append(e)
    1110
    1111            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1112
    1113        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1114        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1115            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1116
    1117        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1118            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1119            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1120            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1121            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1122            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1123            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1124            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1125            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1126
    1127            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
    1128
    1129        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1130            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1131            return self.func(
    1132                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1133            )
    1134
    1135        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1136            return self.sql(
    1137                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1138                    this=expression.this,
    1139                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1140                    unit=expression.unit,
    1141                )
    1142            )
    1143
    1144        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1145            this = expression.this
    1146
    1147            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1148            return self.func(
    1149                "GET_PATH",
    1150                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1151                expression.expression,
    1152            )
    1153
    1154        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1155            this = expression.this
    1156            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1157                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1158
    1159            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
STAR_EXCEPT = 'EXCLUDE'
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = 'ARRAY_SIZE'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TagColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function timestampdiff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>: <function _json_extract_value_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>: <function _json_extract_value_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>: <function no_make_interval_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function _regexpextract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>: <function _regexpextract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>: 'OBJECT', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'OBJECT'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>}
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    961        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    962            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")

def values_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str: View Source

    964        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    965            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    966                values_as_table = False
    967
    968            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str: View Source

    970        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    971            expressions = expression.expressions
    972            if (
    973                expressions
    974                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    975                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    976            ):
    977                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    978                return "OBJECT"
    979
    980            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

def tonumber_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber) -> str: View Source

    982        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    983            return self.func(
    984                "TO_NUMBER",
    985                expression.this,
    986                expression.args.get("format"),
    987                expression.args.get("precision"),
    988                expression.args.get("scale"),
    989            )

def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str: View Source

    991        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    992            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    993            if milli is not None:
    994                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    995                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    996
    997            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)

def cast_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cast, safe_prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> str: View Source

     999        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1000            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1001                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1002            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1003                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1004
    1005            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    1007        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1008            value = expression.this
    1009
    1010            if value.type is None:
    1011                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1012
    1013                value = annotate_types(value)
    1014
    1015            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1016                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1017
    1018            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1019            return self.cast_sql(expression)

def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str: View Source

    1021        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1022            if not expression.expression:
    1023                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1024
    1025            return super().log_sql(expression)

def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    1027        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1028            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1029            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1030
    1031            columns = [
    1032                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1033                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1034                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1035                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1036                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1037                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1038                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1039            ]
    1040
    1041            if unnest_alias:
    1042                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1043            else:
    1044                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1045
    1046            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    1047            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1048            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1049            return f"{explode}{alias}"

def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str: View Source

    1051        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1052            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1053            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1054            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1055            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1056
    1057            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1058            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1059
    1060            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1061            if scope_kind:
    1062                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1063
    1064            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1065            if starts_with:
    1066                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1067
    1068            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1069
    1070            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1071            if from_:
    1072                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1073
    1074            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    1076        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1077            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1078            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1079            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1080            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1081            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1082            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1083            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    1085        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1086            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1087        ) -> str:
    1088            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1089            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1090            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1091            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1092            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str: View Source

    1094        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1095            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    1097        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1098            keys = []
    1099            values = []
    1100
    1101            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1102                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1103                    keys.append(
    1104                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1105                    )
    1106                    values.append(e.expression)
    1107                else:
    1108                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1109                    values.append(e)
    1110
    1111            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))

@unsupported_args('weight', 'accuracy')
def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile) -> str: View Source

    1113        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1114        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1115            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))

def alterset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AlterSet) -> str: View Source

    1117        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1118            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1119            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1120            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1121            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1122            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1123            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1124            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1125            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1126
    1127            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

def strtotime_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime): View Source

    1129        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1130            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1131            return self.func(
    1132                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1133            )

def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub): View Source

    1135        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1136            return self.sql(
    1137                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1138                    this=expression.this,
    1139                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1140                    unit=expression.unit,
    1141                )
    1142            )

def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract): View Source

    1144        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1145            this = expression.this
    1146
    1147            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1148            return self.func(
    1149                "GET_PATH",
    1150                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1151                expression.expression,
    1152            )

def timetostr_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr) -> str: View Source

    1154        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1155            this = expression.this
    1156            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1157                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1158
    1159            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  HEX_FUNC
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS
  PARSE_JSON_NAME
  ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  groupingsets_sql
  rollup_sql
  cube_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  offset_limit_modifiers
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  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
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  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  bracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  alterrename_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  alter_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  try_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  duplicatekeyproperty_sql
  distributedbyproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodatetime_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql
  datadeletionproperty_sql
  maskingpolicycolumnconstraint_sql
  gapfill_sql
  scope_resolution
  scoperesolution_sql
  parsejson_sql
  rand_sql
  changes_sql
  pad_sql
  summarize_sql
  explodinggenerateseries_sql
  arrayconcat_sql
  converttimezone_sql
  json_sql
  jsonvalue_sql
  conditionalinsert_sql
  multitableinserts_sql
  oncondition_sql
  jsonexists_sql
  arrayagg_sql
  apply_sql
  grant_sql
  grantprivilege_sql
  grantprincipal_sql
  columns_sql
  overlay_sql
  todouble_sql
  string_sql
  median_sql
  overflowtruncatebehavior_sql
  unixseconds_sql
  arraysize_sql