sqlglot.dialects.bigquery API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

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       1from __future__ import annotations
       2
       3import logging
       4import re
       5import typing as t
       6
       7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
       8from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
       9    Dialect,
      10    NormalizationStrategy,
      11    arg_max_or_min_no_count,
      12    binary_from_function,
      13    date_add_interval_sql,
      14    datestrtodate_sql,
      15    build_formatted_time,
      16    filter_array_using_unnest,
      17    if_sql,
      18    inline_array_unless_query,
      19    max_or_greatest,
      20    min_or_least,
      21    no_ilike_sql,
      22    build_date_delta_with_interval,
      23    regexp_replace_sql,
      24    rename_func,
      25    sha256_sql,
      26    timestrtotime_sql,
      27    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
      28    unit_to_var,
      29)
      30from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
      31from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
      32
      33if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
      34    from sqlglot._typing import E, Lit
      35
      36    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import TypeAnnotator
      37
      38logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
      39
      40
      41def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
      42    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
      43        return self.values_sql(expression)
      44
      45    structs = []
      46    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
      47    for tup in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple):
      48        field_aliases = (
      49            alias.columns
      50            if alias and alias.columns
      51            else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(tup.expressions)))
      52        )
      53        expressions = [
      54            exp.PropertyEQ(this=exp.to_identifier(name), expression=fld)
      55            for name, fld in zip(field_aliases, tup.expressions)
      56        ]
      57        structs.append(exp.Struct(expressions=expressions))
      58
      59    # Due to `UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY`, it is expected that the table alias be contained in the columns expression
      60    alias_name_only = exp.TableAlias(columns=[alias.this]) if alias else None
      61    return self.unnest_sql(
      62        exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.array(*structs, copy=False)], alias=alias_name_only)
      63    )
      64
      65
      66def _returnsproperty_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
      67    this = expression.this
      68    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
      69        this = f"{self.sql(this, 'this')} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
      70    else:
      71        this = self.sql(this)
      72    return f"RETURNS {this}"
      73
      74
      75def _create_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
      76    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
      77    if expression.kind == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
      78        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
      79
      80        if isinstance(expression.expression, (exp.Subquery, exp.Literal)):
      81            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
      82
      83    return self.create_sql(expression)
      84
      85
      86# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
      87# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
      88# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
      89# SELECT y + 1 z
      90# FROM x
      91# GROUP BY x + 1
      92# ORDER by z
      93def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
      94    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
      95        group = expression.args.get("group")
      96        order = expression.args.get("order")
      97
      98        if group and order:
      99            aliases = {
     100                select.this: select.args["alias"]
     101                for select in expression.selects
     102                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
     103            }
     104
     105            for grouped in group.expressions:
     106                if grouped.is_int:
     107                    continue
     108                alias = aliases.get(grouped)
     109                if alias:
     110                    grouped.replace(exp.column(alias))
     111
     112    return expression
     113
     114
     115def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     116    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
     117    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
     118        cte_query = expression.this
     119
     120        if cte_query.is_star:
     121            logger.warning(
     122                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
     123                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
     124            )
     125            return expression
     126
     127        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
     128        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
     129
     130        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
     131            to_replace = select
     132
     133            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
     134                select = select.this
     135
     136            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
     137            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
     138
     139    return expression
     140
     141
     142def _build_parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
     143    this = build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
     144    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
     145    return this
     146
     147
     148def _build_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.Timestamp:
     149    timestamp = exp.Timestamp.from_arg_list(args)
     150    timestamp.set("with_tz", True)
     151    return timestamp
     152
     153
     154def _build_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
     155    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
     156    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
     157
     158
     159def _build_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
     160    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
     161    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
     162    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.LowerHex(this=arg)
     163
     164
     165def _array_contains_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ArrayContains) -> str:
     166    return self.sql(
     167        exp.Exists(
     168            this=exp.select("1")
     169            .from_(exp.Unnest(expressions=[expression.left]).as_("_unnest", table=["_col"]))
     170            .where(exp.column("_col").eq(expression.right))
     171        )
     172    )
     173
     174
     175def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
     176    return date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD")(self, ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression))
     177
     178
     179def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
     180    expression.this.replace(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP))
     181    expression.expression.replace(exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP))
     182    unit = unit_to_var(expression)
     183    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", expression.this, expression.expression, unit)
     184
     185
     186def _unix_to_time_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
     187    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
     188    timestamp = expression.this
     189
     190    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
     191        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_SECONDS", timestamp)
     192    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
     193        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_MILLIS", timestamp)
     194    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
     195        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_MICROS", timestamp)
     196
     197    unix_seconds = exp.cast(
     198        exp.Div(this=timestamp, expression=exp.func("POW", 10, scale)), exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT
     199    )
     200    return self.func("TIMESTAMP_SECONDS", unix_seconds)
     201
     202
     203def _build_time(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
     204    if len(args) == 1:
     205        return exp.TsOrDsToTime(this=args[0])
     206    if len(args) == 2:
     207        return exp.Time.from_arg_list(args)
     208    return exp.TimeFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
     209
     210
     211def _build_datetime(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
     212    if len(args) == 1:
     213        return exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp.from_arg_list(args)
     214    if len(args) == 2:
     215        return exp.Datetime.from_arg_list(args)
     216    return exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
     217
     218
     219def _build_regexp_extract(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpExtract:
     220    try:
     221        group = re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1
     222    except re.error:
     223        group = False
     224
     225    return exp.RegexpExtract(
     226        this=seq_get(args, 0),
     227        expression=seq_get(args, 1),
     228        position=seq_get(args, 2),
     229        occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
     230        group=exp.Literal.number(1) if group else None,
     231    )
     232
     233
     234def _build_json_extract_scalar(args: t.List, dialect: Dialect) -> exp.JSONExtractScalar:
     235    if len(args) == 1:
     236        # The default value for the JSONPath is '$' i.e all of the data
     237        args.append(exp.Literal.string("$"))
     238    return parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar)(args, dialect)
     239
     240
     241def _str_to_datetime_sql(
     242    self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime
     243) -> str:
     244    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
     245    dtype = "DATE" if isinstance(expression, exp.StrToDate) else "TIMESTAMP"
     246
     247    if expression.args.get("safe"):
     248        fmt = self.format_time(
     249            expression,
     250            self.dialect.INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING,
     251            self.dialect.INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE,
     252        )
     253        return f"SAFE_CAST({this} AS {dtype} FORMAT {fmt})"
     254
     255    fmt = self.format_time(expression)
     256    return self.func(f"PARSE_{dtype}", fmt, this, expression.args.get("zone"))
     257
     258
     259def _annotate_math_functions(self: TypeAnnotator, expression: E) -> E:
     260    """
     261    Many BigQuery math functions such as CEIL, FLOOR etc follow this return type convention:
     262    +---------+---------+---------+------------+---------+
     263    |  INPUT  | INT64   | NUMERIC | BIGNUMERIC | FLOAT64 |
     264    +---------+---------+---------+------------+---------+
     265    |  OUTPUT | FLOAT64 | NUMERIC | BIGNUMERIC | FLOAT64 |
     266    +---------+---------+---------+------------+---------+
     267    """
     268    self._annotate_args(expression)
     269
     270    this: exp.Expression = expression.this
     271
     272    self._set_type(
     273        expression,
     274        exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES) else this.type,
     275    )
     276    return expression
     277
     278
     279class BigQuery(Dialect):
     280    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
     281    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
     282    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     283    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     284    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
     285    HEX_LOWERCASE = True
     286    FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True
     287    EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY = True
     288
     289    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
     290    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
     291
     292    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
     293    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
     294
     295    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_elements_date_time
     296    TIME_MAPPING = {
     297        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
     298        "%E6S": "%S.%f",
     299        "%e": "%-d",
     300    }
     301
     302    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
     303        "DD": "%d",
     304        "MM": "%m",
     305        "MON": "%b",
     306        "MONTH": "%B",
     307        "YYYY": "%Y",
     308        "YY": "%y",
     309        "HH": "%I",
     310        "HH12": "%I",
     311        "HH24": "%H",
     312        "MI": "%M",
     313        "SS": "%S",
     314        "SSSSS": "%f",
     315        "TZH": "%z",
     316    }
     317
     318    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
     319    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
     320    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
     321
     322    # All set operations require either a DISTINCT or ALL specifier
     323    SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT = dict.fromkeys((exp.Except, exp.Intersect, exp.Union), None)
     324
     325    ANNOTATORS = {
     326        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
     327        **{
     328            expr_type: lambda self, e: _annotate_math_functions(self, e)
     329            for expr_type in (exp.Floor, exp.Ceil, exp.Log, exp.Ln, exp.Sqrt, exp.Exp, exp.Round)
     330        },
     331        **{
     332            expr_type: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
     333            for expr_type in (
     334                exp.Left,
     335                exp.Right,
     336                exp.Lower,
     337                exp.Upper,
     338                exp.Pad,
     339                exp.Trim,
     340                exp.RegexpExtract,
     341                exp.RegexpReplace,
     342                exp.Repeat,
     343                exp.Substring,
     344            )
     345        },
     346        exp.Concat: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "expressions"),
     347        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
     348        exp.Split: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", array=True),
     349    }
     350
     351    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
     352        if (
     353            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     354            and self.normalization_strategy is not NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
     355        ):
     356            parent = expression.parent
     357            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
     358                parent = parent.parent
     359
     360            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
     361            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
     362            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
     363            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
     364            case_sensitive = (
     365                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
     366                or (
     367                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
     368                    and parent.db
     369                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
     370                )
     371                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
     372            )
     373            if not case_sensitive:
     374                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
     375
     376        return expression
     377
     378    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     379        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
     380        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
     381        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
     382        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
     383
     384        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
     385
     386        BYTE_STRINGS = [
     387            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
     388        ]
     389
     390        RAW_STRINGS = [
     391            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
     392        ]
     393
     394        KEYWORDS = {
     395            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     396            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
     397            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
     398            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
     399            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     400            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
     401            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
     402            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
     403            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     404            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
     405            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
     406            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     407            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
     408            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
     409            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
     410            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
     411            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     412        }
     413        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
     414        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
     415        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     416
     417    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     418        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
     419        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
     420        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
     421
     422        FUNCTIONS = {
     423            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     424            "DATE": _build_date,
     425            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
     426            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
     427            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
     428                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
     429                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     430                zone=seq_get(args, 2),
     431            ),
     432            "DATETIME": _build_datetime,
     433            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
     434            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
     435            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
     436            "EDIT_DISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
     437                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
     438            ),
     439            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
     440                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
     441            ),
     442            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
     443            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": _build_json_extract_scalar,
     444            "JSON_QUERY": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtract),
     445            "JSON_VALUE": _build_json_extract_scalar,
     446            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     447            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
     448            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
     449            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
     450                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
     451            ),
     452            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
     453            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     454            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": _build_regexp_extract,
     455            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
     456            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
     457            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
     458                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
     459                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     460                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
     461            ),
     462            "TIME": _build_time,
     463            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
     464            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
     465            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
     466            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
     467            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
     468            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
     469                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
     470            ),
     471            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
     472                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
     473            ),
     474            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
     475            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
     476            "FORMAT_DATETIME": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
     477                this=exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
     478            ),
     479        }
     480
     481        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     482            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     483            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
     484        }
     485        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     486
     487        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
     488            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
     489            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
     490        }
     491
     492        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
     493            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
     494            TokenType.TABLE,
     495        }
     496
     497        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     498            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     499            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
     500                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
     501            ),
     502            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
     503        }
     504
     505        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     506            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     507            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
     508        }
     509
     510        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
     511        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
     512
     513        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
     514
     515        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     516            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     517            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
     518            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
     519            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
     520        }
     521
     522        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
     523            "OFFSET": (0, False),
     524            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
     525            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
     526            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
     527        }
     528
     529        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
     530            this = self._parse_range()
     531            self._match_text_seq("DO")
     532            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
     533
     534        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     535            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
     536
     537            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
     538            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
     539                table_name = this.name
     540                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
     541                    text = ""
     542                    while self._is_connected() and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
     543                        self._advance()
     544                        text += self._prev.text
     545                    table_name += text
     546
     547                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
     548            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
     549                table_name = this.name
     550
     551                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
     552                    table_name += self._prev.text
     553
     554                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
     555
     556            return this
     557
     558        def _parse_table_parts(
     559            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     560        ) -> exp.Table:
     561            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
     562                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
     563            )
     564
     565            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
     566            if not table.catalog:
     567                if table.db:
     568                    parts = table.db.split(".")
     569                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
     570                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
     571                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
     572                else:
     573                    parts = table.name.split(".")
     574                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
     575                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
     576                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
     577
     578            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
     579                alias = table.this
     580                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
     581                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
     582                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
     583                )
     584
     585                if rest and this:
     586                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
     587
     588                table = exp.Table(
     589                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
     590                )
     591                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
     592            else:
     593                alias = None
     594
     595            # The `INFORMATION_SCHEMA` views in BigQuery need to be qualified by a region or
     596            # dataset, so if the project identifier is omitted we need to fix the ast so that
     597            # the `INFORMATION_SCHEMA.X` bit is represented as a single (quoted) Identifier.
     598            # Otherwise, we wouldn't correctly qualify a `Table` node that references these
     599            # views, because it would seem like the "catalog" part is set, when it'd actually
     600            # be the region/dataset. Merging the two identifiers into a single one is done to
     601            # avoid producing a 4-part Table reference, which would cause issues in the schema
     602            # module, when there are 3-part table names mixed with information schema views.
     603            #
     604            # See: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/information-schema-intro#syntax
     605            table_parts = table.parts
     606            if len(table_parts) > 1 and table_parts[-2].name.upper() == "INFORMATION_SCHEMA":
     607                # We need to alias the table here to avoid breaking existing qualified columns.
     608                # This is expected to be safe, because if there's an actual alias coming up in
     609                # the token stream, it will overwrite this one. If there isn't one, we are only
     610                # exposing the name that can be used to reference the view explicitly (a no-op).
     611                exp.alias_(
     612                    table,
     613                    t.cast(exp.Identifier, alias or table_parts[-1]),
     614                    table=True,
     615                    copy=False,
     616                )
     617
     618                info_schema_view = f"{table_parts[-2].name}.{table_parts[-1].name}"
     619                table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=info_schema_view, quoted=True))
     620                table.set("db", seq_get(table_parts, -3))
     621                table.set("catalog", seq_get(table_parts, -4))
     622
     623            return table
     624
     625        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     626            column = super()._parse_column()
     627            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
     628                parts = column.parts
     629                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
     630                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
     631                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
     632                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
     633                    )
     634
     635                    if rest and this:
     636                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
     637
     638                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
     639                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
     640
     641            return column
     642
     643        @t.overload
     644        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
     645
     646        @t.overload
     647        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
     648
     649        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
     650            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
     651            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
     652
     653            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
     654            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
     655            if (
     656                array_kv_pair
     657                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
     658                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
     659            ):
     660                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
     661                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
     662
     663                json_object.set(
     664                    "expressions",
     665                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
     666                )
     667
     668            return json_object
     669
     670        def _parse_bracket(
     671            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     672        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     673            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
     674
     675            if this is bracket:
     676                return bracket
     677
     678            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
     679                for expression in bracket.expressions:
     680                    name = expression.name.upper()
     681
     682                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
     683                        break
     684
     685                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
     686                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
     687                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
     688                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
     689
     690            return bracket
     691
     692        def _parse_unnest(self, with_alias: bool = True) -> t.Optional[exp.Unnest]:
     693            unnest = super()._parse_unnest(with_alias=with_alias)
     694
     695            if not unnest:
     696                return None
     697
     698            unnest_expr = seq_get(unnest.expressions, 0)
     699            if unnest_expr:
     700                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     701
     702                unnest_expr = annotate_types(unnest_expr)
     703
     704                # Unnesting a nested array (i.e array of structs) explodes the top-level struct fields,
     705                # in contrast to other dialects such as DuckDB which flattens only the array by default
     706                if unnest_expr.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY) and any(
     707                    array_elem.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
     708                    for array_elem in unnest_expr._type.expressions
     709                ):
     710                    unnest.set("explode_array", True)
     711
     712            return unnest
     713
     714    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     715        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
     716        JOIN_HINTS = False
     717        QUERY_HINTS = False
     718        TABLE_HINTS = False
     719        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
     720        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
     721        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
     722        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
     723        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     724        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     725        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
     726        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
     727        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     728        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
     729        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
     730        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
     731        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
     732        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
     733        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
     734        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
     735        WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = "OPTIONS"
     736        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     737        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     738
     739        TRANSFORMS = {
     740            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     741            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     742            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
     743            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
     744            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
     745            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
     746            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
     747            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
     748            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
     749            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
     750                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     751                if e.args.get("default")
     752                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     753            ),
     754            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
     755            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
     756            exp.Create: _create_sql,
     757            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
     758            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
     759            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     760                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
     761            ),
     762            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
     763            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     764            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
     765            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
     766            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
     767            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func(
     768                "DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit"), e.args.get("zone")
     769            ),
     770            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     771                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
     772            ),
     773            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
     774            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
     775            exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))),
     776            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
     777            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
     778            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
     779            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
     780            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("EDIT_DISTANCE"),
     781            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     782            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
     783            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
     784            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     785            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     786            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
     787                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
     788                e.this,
     789                e.expression,
     790                e.args.get("position"),
     791                e.args.get("occurrence"),
     792            ),
     793            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
     794            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
     795            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
     796            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
     797            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     798                [
     799                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     800                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
     801                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     802                    _alias_ordered_group,
     803                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     804                ]
     805            ),
     806            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     807            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
     808            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
     809                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
     810            ),
     811            exp.String: rename_func("STRING"),
     812            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     813            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     814            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
     815            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
     816            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     817            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
     818            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
     819            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
     820            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
     821            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     822            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
     823            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
     824            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
     825            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
     826            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     827            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
     828            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
     829            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
     830            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "GENERATE_UUID()",
     831            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
     832            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
     833        }
     834
     835        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     836            exp.JSONPathKey,
     837            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     838            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     839        }
     840
     841        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     842            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     843            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
     844            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
     845            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
     846            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
     847            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
     848            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
     849            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
     850            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
     851            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
     852            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
     853            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
     854            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
     855            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
     856            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
     857            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
     858            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
     859            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
     860            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
     861            exp.DataType.Type.UUID: "STRING",
     862            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
     863            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
     864            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
     865        }
     866
     867        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     868            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     869            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
     870            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     871        }
     872
     873        # WINDOW comes after QUALIFY
     874        # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#window_clause
     875        AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {
     876            "qualify": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["qualify"],
     877            "windows": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["windows"],
     878        }
     879
     880        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
     881        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
     882            "all",
     883            "and",
     884            "any",
     885            "array",
     886            "as",
     887            "asc",
     888            "assert_rows_modified",
     889            "at",
     890            "between",
     891            "by",
     892            "case",
     893            "cast",
     894            "collate",
     895            "contains",
     896            "create",
     897            "cross",
     898            "cube",
     899            "current",
     900            "default",
     901            "define",
     902            "desc",
     903            "distinct",
     904            "else",
     905            "end",
     906            "enum",
     907            "escape",
     908            "except",
     909            "exclude",
     910            "exists",
     911            "extract",
     912            "false",
     913            "fetch",
     914            "following",
     915            "for",
     916            "from",
     917            "full",
     918            "group",
     919            "grouping",
     920            "groups",
     921            "hash",
     922            "having",
     923            "if",
     924            "ignore",
     925            "in",
     926            "inner",
     927            "intersect",
     928            "interval",
     929            "into",
     930            "is",
     931            "join",
     932            "lateral",
     933            "left",
     934            "like",
     935            "limit",
     936            "lookup",
     937            "merge",
     938            "natural",
     939            "new",
     940            "no",
     941            "not",
     942            "null",
     943            "nulls",
     944            "of",
     945            "on",
     946            "or",
     947            "order",
     948            "outer",
     949            "over",
     950            "partition",
     951            "preceding",
     952            "proto",
     953            "qualify",
     954            "range",
     955            "recursive",
     956            "respect",
     957            "right",
     958            "rollup",
     959            "rows",
     960            "select",
     961            "set",
     962            "some",
     963            "struct",
     964            "tablesample",
     965            "then",
     966            "to",
     967            "treat",
     968            "true",
     969            "unbounded",
     970            "union",
     971            "unnest",
     972            "using",
     973            "when",
     974            "where",
     975            "window",
     976            "with",
     977            "within",
     978        }
     979
     980        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
     981            this = expression.this
     982            expr = expression.expression
     983            return self.func(
     984                "MOD",
     985                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
     986                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
     987            )
     988
     989        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
     990            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
     991                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
     992                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
     993                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
     994                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
     995                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
     996
     997            return super().column_parts(expression)
     998
     999        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    1000            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    1001            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    1002            #
    1003            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    1004            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    1005            #
    1006            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    1007            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    1008            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    1009                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    1010                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1011
    1012            return super().table_parts(expression)
    1013
    1014        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1015            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1016                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    1017            else:
    1018                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    1019            this = (
    1020                expression.this
    1021                if isinstance(expression.this, (exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    1022                else expression
    1023            )
    1024            return self.func(func_name, self.format_time(expression), this.this)
    1025
    1026        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    1027            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    1028            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    1029                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    1030                    return "NULL"
    1031
    1032            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    1033
    1034        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    1035            parent = expression.parent
    1036
    1037            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    1038            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    1039            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    1040                return self.func(
    1041                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    1042                )
    1043
    1044            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    1045
    1046        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1047            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    1048
    1049        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    1050            this = expression.this
    1051            expressions = expression.expressions
    1052
    1053            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    1054                arg = expressions[0]
    1055                if arg.type is None:
    1056                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1057
    1058                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    1059
    1060                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    1061                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    1062                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    1063
    1064            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1065            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1066
    1067            if offset == 0:
    1068                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    1069            elif offset == 1:
    1070                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    1071            elif offset is not None:
    1072                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    1073
    1074            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    1075                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    1076
    1077            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    1078
    1079        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1080            return self.sql(expression)
    1081
    1082        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    1083            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    1084                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    1085            return super().version_sql(expression)

logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

     280class BigQuery(Dialect):
     281    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
     282    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
     283    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     284    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     285    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
     286    HEX_LOWERCASE = True
     287    FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True
     288    EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY = True
     289
     290    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
     291    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
     292
     293    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
     294    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
     295
     296    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_elements_date_time
     297    TIME_MAPPING = {
     298        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
     299        "%E6S": "%S.%f",
     300        "%e": "%-d",
     301    }
     302
     303    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
     304        "DD": "%d",
     305        "MM": "%m",
     306        "MON": "%b",
     307        "MONTH": "%B",
     308        "YYYY": "%Y",
     309        "YY": "%y",
     310        "HH": "%I",
     311        "HH12": "%I",
     312        "HH24": "%H",
     313        "MI": "%M",
     314        "SS": "%S",
     315        "SSSSS": "%f",
     316        "TZH": "%z",
     317    }
     318
     319    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
     320    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
     321    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
     322
     323    # All set operations require either a DISTINCT or ALL specifier
     324    SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT = dict.fromkeys((exp.Except, exp.Intersect, exp.Union), None)
     325
     326    ANNOTATORS = {
     327        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
     328        **{
     329            expr_type: lambda self, e: _annotate_math_functions(self, e)
     330            for expr_type in (exp.Floor, exp.Ceil, exp.Log, exp.Ln, exp.Sqrt, exp.Exp, exp.Round)
     331        },
     332        **{
     333            expr_type: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
     334            for expr_type in (
     335                exp.Left,
     336                exp.Right,
     337                exp.Lower,
     338                exp.Upper,
     339                exp.Pad,
     340                exp.Trim,
     341                exp.RegexpExtract,
     342                exp.RegexpReplace,
     343                exp.Repeat,
     344                exp.Substring,
     345            )
     346        },
     347        exp.Concat: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "expressions"),
     348        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
     349        exp.Split: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", array=True),
     350    }
     351
     352    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
     353        if (
     354            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     355            and self.normalization_strategy is not NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
     356        ):
     357            parent = expression.parent
     358            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
     359                parent = parent.parent
     360
     361            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
     362            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
     363            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
     364            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
     365            case_sensitive = (
     366                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
     367                or (
     368                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
     369                    and parent.db
     370                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
     371                )
     372                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
     373            )
     374            if not case_sensitive:
     375                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
     376
     377        return expression
     378
     379    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     380        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
     381        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
     382        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
     383        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
     384
     385        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
     386
     387        BYTE_STRINGS = [
     388            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
     389        ]
     390
     391        RAW_STRINGS = [
     392            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
     393        ]
     394
     395        KEYWORDS = {
     396            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     397            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
     398            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
     399            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
     400            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     401            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
     402            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
     403            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
     404            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     405            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
     406            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
     407            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     408            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
     409            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
     410            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
     411            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
     412            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     413        }
     414        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
     415        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
     416        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     417
     418    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     419        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
     420        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
     421        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
     422
     423        FUNCTIONS = {
     424            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     425            "DATE": _build_date,
     426            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
     427            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
     428            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
     429                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
     430                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     431                zone=seq_get(args, 2),
     432            ),
     433            "DATETIME": _build_datetime,
     434            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
     435            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
     436            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
     437            "EDIT_DISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
     438                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
     439            ),
     440            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
     441                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
     442            ),
     443            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
     444            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": _build_json_extract_scalar,
     445            "JSON_QUERY": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtract),
     446            "JSON_VALUE": _build_json_extract_scalar,
     447            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     448            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
     449            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
     450            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
     451                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
     452            ),
     453            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
     454            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     455            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": _build_regexp_extract,
     456            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
     457            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
     458            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
     459                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
     460                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     461                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
     462            ),
     463            "TIME": _build_time,
     464            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
     465            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
     466            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
     467            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
     468            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
     469            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
     470                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
     471            ),
     472            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
     473                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
     474            ),
     475            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
     476            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
     477            "FORMAT_DATETIME": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
     478                this=exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
     479            ),
     480        }
     481
     482        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     483            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     484            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
     485        }
     486        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     487
     488        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
     489            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
     490            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
     491        }
     492
     493        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
     494            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
     495            TokenType.TABLE,
     496        }
     497
     498        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     499            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     500            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
     501                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
     502            ),
     503            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
     504        }
     505
     506        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     507            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     508            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
     509        }
     510
     511        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
     512        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
     513
     514        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
     515
     516        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     517            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     518            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
     519            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
     520            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
     521        }
     522
     523        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
     524            "OFFSET": (0, False),
     525            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
     526            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
     527            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
     528        }
     529
     530        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
     531            this = self._parse_range()
     532            self._match_text_seq("DO")
     533            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
     534
     535        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     536            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
     537
     538            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
     539            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
     540                table_name = this.name
     541                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
     542                    text = ""
     543                    while self._is_connected() and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
     544                        self._advance()
     545                        text += self._prev.text
     546                    table_name += text
     547
     548                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
     549            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
     550                table_name = this.name
     551
     552                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
     553                    table_name += self._prev.text
     554
     555                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
     556
     557            return this
     558
     559        def _parse_table_parts(
     560            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     561        ) -> exp.Table:
     562            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
     563                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
     564            )
     565
     566            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
     567            if not table.catalog:
     568                if table.db:
     569                    parts = table.db.split(".")
     570                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
     571                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
     572                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
     573                else:
     574                    parts = table.name.split(".")
     575                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
     576                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
     577                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
     578
     579            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
     580                alias = table.this
     581                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
     582                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
     583                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
     584                )
     585
     586                if rest and this:
     587                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
     588
     589                table = exp.Table(
     590                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
     591                )
     592                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
     593            else:
     594                alias = None
     595
     596            # The `INFORMATION_SCHEMA` views in BigQuery need to be qualified by a region or
     597            # dataset, so if the project identifier is omitted we need to fix the ast so that
     598            # the `INFORMATION_SCHEMA.X` bit is represented as a single (quoted) Identifier.
     599            # Otherwise, we wouldn't correctly qualify a `Table` node that references these
     600            # views, because it would seem like the "catalog" part is set, when it'd actually
     601            # be the region/dataset. Merging the two identifiers into a single one is done to
     602            # avoid producing a 4-part Table reference, which would cause issues in the schema
     603            # module, when there are 3-part table names mixed with information schema views.
     604            #
     605            # See: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/information-schema-intro#syntax
     606            table_parts = table.parts
     607            if len(table_parts) > 1 and table_parts[-2].name.upper() == "INFORMATION_SCHEMA":
     608                # We need to alias the table here to avoid breaking existing qualified columns.
     609                # This is expected to be safe, because if there's an actual alias coming up in
     610                # the token stream, it will overwrite this one. If there isn't one, we are only
     611                # exposing the name that can be used to reference the view explicitly (a no-op).
     612                exp.alias_(
     613                    table,
     614                    t.cast(exp.Identifier, alias or table_parts[-1]),
     615                    table=True,
     616                    copy=False,
     617                )
     618
     619                info_schema_view = f"{table_parts[-2].name}.{table_parts[-1].name}"
     620                table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=info_schema_view, quoted=True))
     621                table.set("db", seq_get(table_parts, -3))
     622                table.set("catalog", seq_get(table_parts, -4))
     623
     624            return table
     625
     626        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     627            column = super()._parse_column()
     628            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
     629                parts = column.parts
     630                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
     631                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
     632                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
     633                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
     634                    )
     635
     636                    if rest and this:
     637                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
     638
     639                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
     640                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
     641
     642            return column
     643
     644        @t.overload
     645        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
     646
     647        @t.overload
     648        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
     649
     650        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
     651            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
     652            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
     653
     654            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
     655            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
     656            if (
     657                array_kv_pair
     658                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
     659                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
     660            ):
     661                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
     662                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
     663
     664                json_object.set(
     665                    "expressions",
     666                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
     667                )
     668
     669            return json_object
     670
     671        def _parse_bracket(
     672            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     673        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     674            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
     675
     676            if this is bracket:
     677                return bracket
     678
     679            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
     680                for expression in bracket.expressions:
     681                    name = expression.name.upper()
     682
     683                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
     684                        break
     685
     686                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
     687                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
     688                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
     689                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
     690
     691            return bracket
     692
     693        def _parse_unnest(self, with_alias: bool = True) -> t.Optional[exp.Unnest]:
     694            unnest = super()._parse_unnest(with_alias=with_alias)
     695
     696            if not unnest:
     697                return None
     698
     699            unnest_expr = seq_get(unnest.expressions, 0)
     700            if unnest_expr:
     701                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     702
     703                unnest_expr = annotate_types(unnest_expr)
     704
     705                # Unnesting a nested array (i.e array of structs) explodes the top-level struct fields,
     706                # in contrast to other dialects such as DuckDB which flattens only the array by default
     707                if unnest_expr.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY) and any(
     708                    array_elem.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
     709                    for array_elem in unnest_expr._type.expressions
     710                ):
     711                    unnest.set("explode_array", True)
     712
     713            return unnest
     714
     715    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     716        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
     717        JOIN_HINTS = False
     718        QUERY_HINTS = False
     719        TABLE_HINTS = False
     720        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
     721        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
     722        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
     723        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
     724        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     725        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     726        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
     727        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
     728        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     729        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
     730        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
     731        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
     732        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
     733        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
     734        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
     735        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
     736        WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = "OPTIONS"
     737        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     738        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     739
     740        TRANSFORMS = {
     741            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     742            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     743            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
     744            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
     745            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
     746            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
     747            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
     748            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
     749            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
     750            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
     751                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     752                if e.args.get("default")
     753                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     754            ),
     755            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
     756            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
     757            exp.Create: _create_sql,
     758            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
     759            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
     760            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     761                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
     762            ),
     763            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
     764            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     765            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
     766            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
     767            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
     768            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func(
     769                "DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit"), e.args.get("zone")
     770            ),
     771            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     772                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
     773            ),
     774            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
     775            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
     776            exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))),
     777            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
     778            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
     779            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
     780            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
     781            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("EDIT_DISTANCE"),
     782            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     783            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
     784            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
     785            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     786            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     787            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
     788                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
     789                e.this,
     790                e.expression,
     791                e.args.get("position"),
     792                e.args.get("occurrence"),
     793            ),
     794            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
     795            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
     796            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
     797            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
     798            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     799                [
     800                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     801                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
     802                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     803                    _alias_ordered_group,
     804                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     805                ]
     806            ),
     807            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     808            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
     809            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
     810                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
     811            ),
     812            exp.String: rename_func("STRING"),
     813            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     814            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     815            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
     816            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
     817            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     818            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
     819            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
     820            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
     821            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
     822            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     823            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
     824            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
     825            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
     826            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
     827            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     828            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
     829            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
     830            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
     831            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "GENERATE_UUID()",
     832            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
     833            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
     834        }
     835
     836        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     837            exp.JSONPathKey,
     838            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     839            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     840        }
     841
     842        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     843            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     844            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
     845            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
     846            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
     847            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
     848            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
     849            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
     850            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
     851            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
     852            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
     853            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
     854            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
     855            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
     856            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
     857            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
     858            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
     859            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
     860            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
     861            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
     862            exp.DataType.Type.UUID: "STRING",
     863            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
     864            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
     865            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
     866        }
     867
     868        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     869            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     870            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
     871            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     872        }
     873
     874        # WINDOW comes after QUALIFY
     875        # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#window_clause
     876        AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {
     877            "qualify": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["qualify"],
     878            "windows": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["windows"],
     879        }
     880
     881        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
     882        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
     883            "all",
     884            "and",
     885            "any",
     886            "array",
     887            "as",
     888            "asc",
     889            "assert_rows_modified",
     890            "at",
     891            "between",
     892            "by",
     893            "case",
     894            "cast",
     895            "collate",
     896            "contains",
     897            "create",
     898            "cross",
     899            "cube",
     900            "current",
     901            "default",
     902            "define",
     903            "desc",
     904            "distinct",
     905            "else",
     906            "end",
     907            "enum",
     908            "escape",
     909            "except",
     910            "exclude",
     911            "exists",
     912            "extract",
     913            "false",
     914            "fetch",
     915            "following",
     916            "for",
     917            "from",
     918            "full",
     919            "group",
     920            "grouping",
     921            "groups",
     922            "hash",
     923            "having",
     924            "if",
     925            "ignore",
     926            "in",
     927            "inner",
     928            "intersect",
     929            "interval",
     930            "into",
     931            "is",
     932            "join",
     933            "lateral",
     934            "left",
     935            "like",
     936            "limit",
     937            "lookup",
     938            "merge",
     939            "natural",
     940            "new",
     941            "no",
     942            "not",
     943            "null",
     944            "nulls",
     945            "of",
     946            "on",
     947            "or",
     948            "order",
     949            "outer",
     950            "over",
     951            "partition",
     952            "preceding",
     953            "proto",
     954            "qualify",
     955            "range",
     956            "recursive",
     957            "respect",
     958            "right",
     959            "rollup",
     960            "rows",
     961            "select",
     962            "set",
     963            "some",
     964            "struct",
     965            "tablesample",
     966            "then",
     967            "to",
     968            "treat",
     969            "true",
     970            "unbounded",
     971            "union",
     972            "unnest",
     973            "using",
     974            "when",
     975            "where",
     976            "window",
     977            "with",
     978            "within",
     979        }
     980
     981        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
     982            this = expression.this
     983            expr = expression.expression
     984            return self.func(
     985                "MOD",
     986                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
     987                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
     988            )
     989
     990        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
     991            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
     992                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
     993                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
     994                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
     995                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
     996                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
     997
     998            return super().column_parts(expression)
     999
    1000        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    1001            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    1002            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    1003            #
    1004            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    1005            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    1006            #
    1007            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    1008            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    1009            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    1010                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    1011                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1012
    1013            return super().table_parts(expression)
    1014
    1015        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1016            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1017                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    1018            else:
    1019                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    1020            this = (
    1021                expression.this
    1022                if isinstance(expression.this, (exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    1023                else expression
    1024            )
    1025            return self.func(func_name, self.format_time(expression), this.this)
    1026
    1027        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    1028            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    1029            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    1030                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    1031                    return "NULL"
    1032
    1033            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    1034
    1035        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    1036            parent = expression.parent
    1037
    1038            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    1039            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    1040            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    1041                return self.func(
    1042                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    1043                )
    1044
    1045            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    1046
    1047        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1048            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    1049
    1050        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    1051            this = expression.this
    1052            expressions = expression.expressions
    1053
    1054            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    1055                arg = expressions[0]
    1056                if arg.type is None:
    1057                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1058
    1059                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    1060
    1061                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    1062                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    1063                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    1064
    1065            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1066            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1067
    1068            if offset == 0:
    1069                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    1070            elif offset == 1:
    1071                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    1072            elif offset is not None:
    1073                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    1074
    1075            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    1076                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    1077
    1078            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    1079
    1080        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1081            return self.sql(expression)
    1082
    1083        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    1084            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    1085                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    1086            return super().version_sql(expression)

WEEK_OFFSET = -1

First day of the week in DATE_TRUNC(week). Defaults to 0 (Monday). -1 would be Sunday.

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True

Whether `UNNEST` table aliases are treated as column aliases.

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = False

Whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function. Possible values: `True`, `False`, `None` (two arguments are not supported by `LOG`)

HEX_LOWERCASE = True

Whether the `HEX` function returns a lowercase hexadecimal string.

FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True

Whether alias reference expansion (_expand_alias_refs()) should run before column qualification (_qualify_columns()).

###### For example:

> WITH data AS ( SELECT 1 AS id, 2 AS my_id ) SELECT id AS my_id FROM data WHERE my_id = 1 GROUP BY my_id, HAVING my_id = 1

In most dialects, "my_id" would refer to "data.my_id" across the query, except: - BigQuery, which will forward the alias to GROUP BY + HAVING clauses i.e it resolves to "WHERE my_id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1" - Clickhouse, which will forward the alias across the query i.e it resolves to "WHERE id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1"

EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY = True

Whether alias reference expansion before qualification should only happen for the GROUP BY clause.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False

Determines how function names are going to be normalized.

###### Possible values:

> "upper" or True: Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y', '%E6S': '%S.%f', '%e': '%-d'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}

Helper which is used for parsing the special syntax `CAST(x AS DATE FORMAT 'yyyy')`. If empty, the corresponding trie will be constructed off of `TIME_MAPPING`.

PSEUDOCOLUMNS: Set[str] = {'_PARTITIONTIME', '_PARTITIONDATE'}

Columns that are auto-generated by the engine corresponding to this dialect. For example, such columns may be excluded from `SELECT *` queries.

SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT: Dict[Type[sqlglot.expressions.Expression], Optional[bool]] = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: None, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: None, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: None}

Whether a set operation uses DISTINCT by default. This is `None` when either `DISTINCT` or `ALL` must be explicitly specified.

ANNOTATORS: Dict[Type[~E], Callable[[sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types.TypeAnnotator, ~E], ~E]] = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Neg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Not'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Paren'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAlias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Add'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Binary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Connector'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DPipe'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distance'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Div'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Dot'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Escape'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Glob'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Kwarg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Like'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mod'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mul'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeNEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PropertyEQ'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SimilarTo'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Slice'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sub'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Between'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Boolean'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>: <function BigQuery.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToTimeStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>: <function BigQuery.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDateStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Anonymous'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Bracket'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distinct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Filter'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Interval'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Literal'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Null'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unnest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>: <function BigQuery.<lambda>>}
def normalize_identifier(self, expression: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    352    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
    353        if (
    354            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    355            and self.normalization_strategy is not NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
    356        ):
    357            parent = expression.parent
    358            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    359                parent = parent.parent
    360
    361            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
    362            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
    363            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
    364            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
    365            case_sensitive = (
    366                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    367                or (
    368                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
    369                    and parent.db
    370                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
    371                )
    372                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
    373            )
    374            if not case_sensitive:
    375                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    376
    377        return expression

Transforms an identifier in a way that resembles how it'd be resolved by this dialect.

For example, an identifier like `FoO` would be resolved as `foo` in Postgres, because it lowercases all unquoted identifiers. On the other hand, Snowflake uppercases them, so it would resolve it as `FOO`. If it was quoted, it'd need to be treated as case-sensitive, and so any normalization would be prohibited in order to avoid "breaking" the identifier.

There are also dialects like Spark, which are case-insensitive even when quotes are present, and dialects like MySQL, whose resolution rules match those employed by the underlying operating system, for example they may always be case-sensitive in Linux.

Finally, the normalization behavior of some engines can even be controlled through flags, like in Redshift's case, where users can explicitly set enable_case_sensitive_identifier.

SQLGlot aims to understand and handle all of these different behaviors gracefully, so that it can analyze queries in the optimizer and successfully capture their semantics.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}, 'E': {'6': {'S': {0: True}}}, 'e': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D', '%S.%f': '%E6S', '%-d': '%e'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'.': {'%': {'f': {0: True}}}}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%d': 'DD', '%m': 'MM', '%b': 'MON', '%B': 'MONTH', '%Y': 'YYYY', '%y': 'YY', '%I': 'HH12', '%H': 'HH24', '%M': 'MI', '%S': 'SS', '%f': 'SSSSS', '%z': 'TZH'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'d': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'z': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV
  NULL_ORDERING
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  TIME_FORMAT
  PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
  SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL
  HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS
  STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX
  ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR
  ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS
  REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP
  CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    379    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    380        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    381        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    382        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    383        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    384
    385        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    386
    387        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    388            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    389        ]
    390
    391        RAW_STRINGS = [
    392            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    393        ]
    394
    395        KEYWORDS = {
    396            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    397            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    398            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    399            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    400            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    401            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    402            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    403            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    404            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    405            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
    406            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    407            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    408            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    409            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    410            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    411            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    412            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    413        }
    414        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    415        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
    416        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")

QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ELSEIF': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXCEPTION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'MODEL': <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  NESTED_COMMENTS
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    418    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    419        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    420        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    421        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
    422
    423        FUNCTIONS = {
    424            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    425            "DATE": _build_date,
    426            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    427            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    428            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    429                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    430                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    431                zone=seq_get(args, 2),
    432            ),
    433            "DATETIME": _build_datetime,
    434            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    435            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    436            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    437            "EDIT_DISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
    438                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
    439            ),
    440            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    441                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    442            ),
    443            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    444            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": _build_json_extract_scalar,
    445            "JSON_QUERY": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtract),
    446            "JSON_VALUE": _build_json_extract_scalar,
    447            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    448            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    449            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
    450            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    451                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    452            ),
    453            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
    454            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    455            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": _build_regexp_extract,
    456            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    457            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    458            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    459                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    460                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    461                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    462            ),
    463            "TIME": _build_time,
    464            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    465            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    466            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
    467            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    468            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    469            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    470                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
    471            ),
    472            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    473                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
    474            ),
    475            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    476            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    477            "FORMAT_DATETIME": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    478                this=exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    479            ),
    480        }
    481
    482        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    483            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    484            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    485        }
    486        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    487
    488        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    489            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    490            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    491        }
    492
    493        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    494            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    495            TokenType.TABLE,
    496        }
    497
    498        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    499            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    500            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    501                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    502            ),
    503            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    504        }
    505
    506        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    507            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    508            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    509        }
    510
    511        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    512        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
    513
    514        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    515
    516        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    517            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    518            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    519            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    520            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
    521        }
    522
    523        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
    524            "OFFSET": (0, False),
    525            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
    526            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
    527            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
    528        }
    529
    530        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
    531            this = self._parse_range()
    532            self._match_text_seq("DO")
    533            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
    534
    535        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    536            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    537
    538            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    539            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    540                table_name = this.name
    541                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    542                    text = ""
    543                    while self._is_connected() and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
    544                        self._advance()
    545                        text += self._prev.text
    546                    table_name += text
    547
    548                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    549            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    550                table_name = this.name
    551
    552                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
    553                    table_name += self._prev.text
    554
    555                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    556
    557            return this
    558
    559        def _parse_table_parts(
    560            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    561        ) -> exp.Table:
    562            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
    563                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
    564            )
    565
    566            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
    567            if not table.catalog:
    568                if table.db:
    569                    parts = table.db.split(".")
    570                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
    571                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    572                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    573                else:
    574                    parts = table.name.split(".")
    575                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
    576                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    577                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    578
    579            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
    580                alias = table.this
    581                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    582                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    583                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
    584                )
    585
    586                if rest and this:
    587                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    588
    589                table = exp.Table(
    590                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
    591                )
    592                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
    593            else:
    594                alias = None
    595
    596            # The `INFORMATION_SCHEMA` views in BigQuery need to be qualified by a region or
    597            # dataset, so if the project identifier is omitted we need to fix the ast so that
    598            # the `INFORMATION_SCHEMA.X` bit is represented as a single (quoted) Identifier.
    599            # Otherwise, we wouldn't correctly qualify a `Table` node that references these
    600            # views, because it would seem like the "catalog" part is set, when it'd actually
    601            # be the region/dataset. Merging the two identifiers into a single one is done to
    602            # avoid producing a 4-part Table reference, which would cause issues in the schema
    603            # module, when there are 3-part table names mixed with information schema views.
    604            #
    605            # See: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/information-schema-intro#syntax
    606            table_parts = table.parts
    607            if len(table_parts) > 1 and table_parts[-2].name.upper() == "INFORMATION_SCHEMA":
    608                # We need to alias the table here to avoid breaking existing qualified columns.
    609                # This is expected to be safe, because if there's an actual alias coming up in
    610                # the token stream, it will overwrite this one. If there isn't one, we are only
    611                # exposing the name that can be used to reference the view explicitly (a no-op).
    612                exp.alias_(
    613                    table,
    614                    t.cast(exp.Identifier, alias or table_parts[-1]),
    615                    table=True,
    616                    copy=False,
    617                )
    618
    619                info_schema_view = f"{table_parts[-2].name}.{table_parts[-1].name}"
    620                table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=info_schema_view, quoted=True))
    621                table.set("db", seq_get(table_parts, -3))
    622                table.set("catalog", seq_get(table_parts, -4))
    623
    624            return table
    625
    626        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    627            column = super()._parse_column()
    628            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
    629                parts = column.parts
    630                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
    631                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
    632                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    633                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
    634                    )
    635
    636                    if rest and this:
    637                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    638
    639                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    640                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
    641
    642            return column
    643
    644        @t.overload
    645        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
    646
    647        @t.overload
    648        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
    649
    650        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
    651            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    652            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    653
    654            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    655            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    656            if (
    657                array_kv_pair
    658                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    659                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    660            ):
    661                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    662                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    663
    664                json_object.set(
    665                    "expressions",
    666                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    667                )
    668
    669            return json_object
    670
    671        def _parse_bracket(
    672            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    673        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    674            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
    675
    676            if this is bracket:
    677                return bracket
    678
    679            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
    680                for expression in bracket.expressions:
    681                    name = expression.name.upper()
    682
    683                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
    684                        break
    685
    686                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
    687                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
    688                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
    689                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
    690
    691            return bracket
    692
    693        def _parse_unnest(self, with_alias: bool = True) -> t.Optional[exp.Unnest]:
    694            unnest = super()._parse_unnest(with_alias=with_alias)
    695
    696            if not unnest:
    697                return None
    698
    699            unnest_expr = seq_get(unnest.expressions, 0)
    700            if unnest_expr:
    701                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    702
    703                unnest_expr = annotate_types(unnest_expr)
    704
    705                # Unnesting a nested array (i.e array of structs) explodes the top-level struct fields,
    706                # in contrast to other dialects such as DuckDB which flattens only the array by default
    707                if unnest_expr.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY) and any(
    708                    array_elem.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
    709                    for array_elem in unnest_expr._type.expressions
    710                ):
    711                    unnest.set("explode_array", True)
    712
    713            return unnest

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME': <function _build_datetime>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function _build_json_extract_scalar>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function _build_regexp_extract>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <function _build_time>, 'TIME_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <function _build_timestamp>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _build_to_hex>, 'DIV': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'EDIT_DISTANCE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'JSON_QUERY': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_VALUE': <function _build_json_extract_scalar>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SHA256': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_MICROS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_MILLIS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SECONDS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'FORMAT_DATETIME': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTRIBUTED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DUPLICATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EMPTY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STREAMING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.AT_GT: 'AT_GT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.LT_AT: 'LT_AT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
NULL_TOKENS = {<TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
BRACKET_OFFSETS = {'OFFSET': (0, False), 'ORDINAL': (1, False), 'SAFE_OFFSET': (0, True), 'SAFE_ORDINAL': (1, True)}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
  EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  DESCRIBE_STYLES
  OPERATION_MODIFIERS
  STRICT_CAST
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

     715    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     716        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
     717        JOIN_HINTS = False
     718        QUERY_HINTS = False
     719        TABLE_HINTS = False
     720        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
     721        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
     722        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
     723        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
     724        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     725        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     726        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
     727        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
     728        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     729        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
     730        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
     731        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
     732        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
     733        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
     734        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
     735        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
     736        WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = "OPTIONS"
     737        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     738        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     739
     740        TRANSFORMS = {
     741            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     742            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     743            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
     744            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
     745            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
     746            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
     747            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
     748            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
     749            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
     750            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
     751                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     752                if e.args.get("default")
     753                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     754            ),
     755            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
     756            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
     757            exp.Create: _create_sql,
     758            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
     759            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
     760            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     761                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
     762            ),
     763            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
     764            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     765            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
     766            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
     767            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
     768            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func(
     769                "DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit"), e.args.get("zone")
     770            ),
     771            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     772                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
     773            ),
     774            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
     775            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
     776            exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))),
     777            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
     778            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
     779            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
     780            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
     781            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("EDIT_DISTANCE"),
     782            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     783            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
     784            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
     785            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     786            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     787            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
     788                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
     789                e.this,
     790                e.expression,
     791                e.args.get("position"),
     792                e.args.get("occurrence"),
     793            ),
     794            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
     795            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
     796            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
     797            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
     798            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     799                [
     800                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     801                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
     802                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     803                    _alias_ordered_group,
     804                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     805                ]
     806            ),
     807            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     808            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
     809            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
     810                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
     811            ),
     812            exp.String: rename_func("STRING"),
     813            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     814            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     815            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
     816            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
     817            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     818            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
     819            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
     820            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
     821            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
     822            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     823            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
     824            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
     825            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
     826            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
     827            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     828            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
     829            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
     830            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
     831            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "GENERATE_UUID()",
     832            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
     833            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
     834        }
     835
     836        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     837            exp.JSONPathKey,
     838            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     839            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     840        }
     841
     842        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     843            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     844            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
     845            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
     846            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
     847            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
     848            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
     849            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
     850            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
     851            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
     852            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
     853            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
     854            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
     855            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
     856            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
     857            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
     858            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
     859            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
     860            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
     861            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
     862            exp.DataType.Type.UUID: "STRING",
     863            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
     864            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
     865            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
     866        }
     867
     868        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     869            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     870            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
     871            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     872        }
     873
     874        # WINDOW comes after QUALIFY
     875        # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#window_clause
     876        AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {
     877            "qualify": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["qualify"],
     878            "windows": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["windows"],
     879        }
     880
     881        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
     882        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
     883            "all",
     884            "and",
     885            "any",
     886            "array",
     887            "as",
     888            "asc",
     889            "assert_rows_modified",
     890            "at",
     891            "between",
     892            "by",
     893            "case",
     894            "cast",
     895            "collate",
     896            "contains",
     897            "create",
     898            "cross",
     899            "cube",
     900            "current",
     901            "default",
     902            "define",
     903            "desc",
     904            "distinct",
     905            "else",
     906            "end",
     907            "enum",
     908            "escape",
     909            "except",
     910            "exclude",
     911            "exists",
     912            "extract",
     913            "false",
     914            "fetch",
     915            "following",
     916            "for",
     917            "from",
     918            "full",
     919            "group",
     920            "grouping",
     921            "groups",
     922            "hash",
     923            "having",
     924            "if",
     925            "ignore",
     926            "in",
     927            "inner",
     928            "intersect",
     929            "interval",
     930            "into",
     931            "is",
     932            "join",
     933            "lateral",
     934            "left",
     935            "like",
     936            "limit",
     937            "lookup",
     938            "merge",
     939            "natural",
     940            "new",
     941            "no",
     942            "not",
     943            "null",
     944            "nulls",
     945            "of",
     946            "on",
     947            "or",
     948            "order",
     949            "outer",
     950            "over",
     951            "partition",
     952            "preceding",
     953            "proto",
     954            "qualify",
     955            "range",
     956            "recursive",
     957            "respect",
     958            "right",
     959            "rollup",
     960            "rows",
     961            "select",
     962            "set",
     963            "some",
     964            "struct",
     965            "tablesample",
     966            "then",
     967            "to",
     968            "treat",
     969            "true",
     970            "unbounded",
     971            "union",
     972            "unnest",
     973            "using",
     974            "when",
     975            "where",
     976            "window",
     977            "with",
     978            "within",
     979        }
     980
     981        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
     982            this = expression.this
     983            expr = expression.expression
     984            return self.func(
     985                "MOD",
     986                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
     987                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
     988            )
     989
     990        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
     991            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
     992                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
     993                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
     994                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
     995                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
     996                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
     997
     998            return super().column_parts(expression)
     999
    1000        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    1001            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    1002            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    1003            #
    1004            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    1005            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    1006            #
    1007            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    1008            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    1009            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    1010                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    1011                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1012
    1013            return super().table_parts(expression)
    1014
    1015        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1016            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1017                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    1018            else:
    1019                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    1020            this = (
    1021                expression.this
    1022                if isinstance(expression.this, (exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    1023                else expression
    1024            )
    1025            return self.func(func_name, self.format_time(expression), this.this)
    1026
    1027        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    1028            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    1029            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    1030                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    1031                    return "NULL"
    1032
    1033            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    1034
    1035        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    1036            parent = expression.parent
    1037
    1038            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    1039            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    1040            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    1041                return self.func(
    1042                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    1043                )
    1044
    1045            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    1046
    1047        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1048            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    1049
    1050        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    1051            this = expression.this
    1052            expressions = expression.expressions
    1053
    1054            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    1055                arg = expressions[0]
    1056                if arg.type is None:
    1057                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1058
    1059                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    1060
    1061                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    1062                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    1063                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    1064
    1065            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1066            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1067
    1068            if offset == 0:
    1069                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    1070            elif offset == 1:
    1071                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    1072            elif offset is not None:
    1073                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    1074
    1075            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    1076                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    1077
    1078            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    1079
    1080        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1081            return self.sql(expression)
    1082
    1083        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    1084            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    1085                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    1086            return super().version_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = '@'
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = 'OPTIONS'
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TagColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_unless_query>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function _array_contains_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>: <function filter_array_using_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Commit'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rollback'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function _str_to_datetime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_datetime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transaction'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.UUID: 'UUID'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'limit', 'extract', 'for', 'asc', 'all', 'from', 'rollup', 'ignore', 'rows', 'range', 'at', 'order', 'of', 'natural', 'null', 'groups', 'exists', 'select', 'grouping', 'partition', 'hash', 'some', 'cube', 'inner', 'over', 'collate', 'and', 'to', 'is', 'like', 'left', 'current', 'union', 'following', 'new', 'treat', 'default', 'distinct', 'by', 'end', 'join', 'interval', 'nulls', 'merge', 'assert_rows_modified', 'into', 'tablesample', 'array', 'cross', 'contains', 'unnest', 'else', 'full', 'respect', 'fetch', 'enum', 'right', 'true', 'where', 'in', 'lookup', 'escape', 'lateral', 'recursive', 'on', 'when', 'within', 'window', 'desc', 'outer', 'preceding', 'having', 'struct', 'case', 'using', 'unbounded', 'proto', 'qualify', 'or', 'between', 'except', 'false', 'as', 'no', 'exclude', 'if', 'create', 'not', 'set', 'cast', 'with', 'intersect', 'any', 'define', 'group', 'then'}
def mod_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Mod) -> str: View Source

    981        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
    982            this = expression.this
    983            expr = expression.expression
    984            return self.func(
    985                "MOD",
    986                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
    987                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
    988            )

def column_parts(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Column) -> str: View Source

    990        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    991            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    992                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    993                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    994                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    995                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    996                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    997
    998            return super().column_parts(expression)

def table_parts(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Table) -> str: View Source

    1000        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    1001            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    1002            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    1003            #
    1004            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    1005            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    1006            #
    1007            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    1008            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    1009            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    1010                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    1011                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1012
    1013            return super().table_parts(expression)

def timetostr_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr) -> str: View Source

    1015        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1016            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1017                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    1018            else:
    1019                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    1020            this = (
    1021                expression.this
    1022                if isinstance(expression.this, (exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    1023                else expression
    1024            )
    1025            return self.func(func_name, self.format_time(expression), this.this)

def eq_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.EQ) -> str: View Source

    1027        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    1028            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    1029            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    1030                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    1031                    return "NULL"
    1032
    1033            return self.binary(expression, "=")

def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str: View Source

    1035        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    1036            parent = expression.parent
    1037
    1038            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    1039            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    1040            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    1041                return self.func(
    1042                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    1043                )
    1044
    1045            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    1047        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1048            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str: View Source

    1050        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    1051            this = expression.this
    1052            expressions = expression.expressions
    1053
    1054            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    1055                arg = expressions[0]
    1056                if arg.type is None:
    1057                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1058
    1059                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    1060
    1061                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    1062                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    1063                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    1064
    1065            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1066            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1067
    1068            if offset == 0:
    1069                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    1070            elif offset == 1:
    1071                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    1072            elif offset is not None:
    1073                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    1074
    1075            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    1076                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    1077
    1078            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"

def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    1080        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1081            return self.sql(expression)

def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version) -> str: View Source

    1083        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    1084            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    1085                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    1086            return super().version_sql(expression)

TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  SELECT_KINDS
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  STAR_EXCEPT
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
  ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
  SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
  SUPPORTS_MEDIAN
  PARSE_JSON_NAME
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  groupingsets_sql
  rollup_sql
  cube_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
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