sqlglot.dialects.presto API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.presto

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    NormalizationStrategy,
      9    binary_from_function,
     10    bool_xor_sql,
     11    date_trunc_to_time,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    encode_decode_sql,
     14    build_formatted_time,
     15    if_sql,
     16    left_to_substring_sql,
     17    no_ilike_sql,
     18    no_pivot_sql,
     19    no_safe_divide_sql,
     20    no_timestamp_sql,
     21    regexp_extract_sql,
     22    rename_func,
     23    right_to_substring_sql,
     24    sha256_sql,
     25    struct_extract_sql,
     26    str_position_sql,
     27    timestamptrunc_sql,
     28    timestrtotime_sql,
     29    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
     30    unit_to_str,
     31    sequence_sql,
     32    build_regexp_extract,
     33    explode_to_unnest_sql,
     34)
     35from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
     36from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
     37from sqlglot.helper import apply_index_offset, seq_get
     38from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     39from sqlglot.transforms import unqualify_columns
     40
     41DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = t.Union[exp.DateAdd, exp.TimestampAdd, exp.DateSub]
     42
     43
     44def _initcap_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Initcap) -> str:
     45    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
     46    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
     47
     48
     49def _no_sort_array(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
     50    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
     51        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
     52    else:
     53        comparator = None
     54    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
     55
     56
     57def _schema_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
     58    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Property):
     59        columns = ", ".join(f"'{c.name}'" for c in expression.expressions)
     60        return f"ARRAY[{columns}]"
     61
     62    if expression.parent:
     63        for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
     64            column_defs = schema.find_all(exp.ColumnDef)
     65            if column_defs and isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
     66                expression.expressions.extend(column_defs)
     67
     68    return self.schema_sql(expression)
     69
     70
     71def _quantile_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
     72    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
     73    return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
     74
     75
     76def _str_to_time_sql(
     77    self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime | exp.TsOrDsToDate
     78) -> str:
     79    return self.func("DATE_PARSE", expression.this, self.format_time(expression))
     80
     81
     82def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
     83    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
     84    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.TIME_FORMAT, Presto.DATE_FORMAT):
     85        return self.sql(exp.cast(_str_to_time_sql(self, expression), exp.DataType.Type.DATE))
     86    return self.sql(
     87        exp.cast(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), exp.DataType.Type.DATE)
     88    )
     89
     90
     91def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
     92    expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
     93    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
     94    return self.func("DATE_ADD", unit, expression.expression, expression.this)
     95
     96
     97def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
     98    this = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
     99    expr = exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    100    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
    101    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", unit, expr, this)
    102
    103
    104def _build_approx_percentile(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    105    if len(args) == 4:
    106        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    107            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    108            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
    109            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
    110            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
    111        )
    112    if len(args) == 3:
    113        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    114            this=seq_get(args, 0), quantile=seq_get(args, 1), accuracy=seq_get(args, 2)
    115        )
    116    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
    117
    118
    119def _build_from_unixtime(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    120    if len(args) == 3:
    121        return exp.UnixToTime(
    122            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    123            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
    124            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
    125        )
    126    if len(args) == 2:
    127        return exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0), zone=seq_get(args, 1))
    128
    129    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
    130
    131
    132def _first_last_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Func) -> str:
    133    """
    134    Trino doesn't support FIRST / LAST as functions, but they're valid in the context
    135    of MATCH_RECOGNIZE, so we need to preserve them in that case. In all other cases
    136    they're converted into an ARBITRARY call.
    137
    138    Reference: https://trino.io/docs/current/sql/match-recognize.html#logical-navigation-functions
    139    """
    140    if isinstance(expression.find_ancestor(exp.MatchRecognize, exp.Select), exp.MatchRecognize):
    141        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    142
    143    return rename_func("ARBITRARY")(self, expression)
    144
    145
    146def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    147    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    148    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
    149    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    150        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
    151
    152    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME(CAST({timestamp} AS DOUBLE) / POW(10, {scale}))"
    153
    154
    155def _to_int(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    156    if not expression.type:
    157        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    158
    159        annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    160    if expression.type and expression.type.this not in exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES:
    161        return exp.cast(expression, to=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
    162    return expression
    163
    164
    165def _build_to_char(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
    166    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
    167    if isinstance(fmt, exp.Literal):
    168        # We uppercase this to match Teradata's format mapping keys
    169        fmt.set("this", fmt.this.upper())
    170
    171    # We use "teradata" on purpose here, because the time formats are different in Presto.
    172    # See https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/teradata.html?highlight=to_char#to_char
    173    return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "teradata")(args)
    174
    175
    176def _date_delta_sql(
    177    name: str, negate_interval: bool = False
    178) -> t.Callable[[Presto.Generator, DATE_ADD_OR_SUB], str]:
    179    def _delta_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: DATE_ADD_OR_SUB) -> str:
    180        interval = _to_int(self, expression.expression)
    181        return self.func(
    182            name,
    183            unit_to_str(expression),
    184            interval * (-1) if negate_interval else interval,
    185            expression.this,
    186        )
    187
    188    return _delta_sql
    189
    190
    191class Presto(Dialect):
    192    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    193    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    194    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    195    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    196    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    197    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    198    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    199    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    200
    201    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    202
    203    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    204    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    205    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    206    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    207
    208    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
    209    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
    210    ANNOTATORS = {
    211        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
    212        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    213        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    214        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
    215        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    216        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    217        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    218        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
    219        if e.this
    220        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
    221    }
    222
    223    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    224        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    225            (prefix + q, q)
    226            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    227            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    228        ]
    229
    230        KEYWORDS = {
    231            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    232            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    233            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    234            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    235            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    236            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    237            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    238            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    239        }
    240        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    241        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    242
    243    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    244        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    245
    246        FUNCTIONS = {
    247            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    248            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    249            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    250            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    251            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    252            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    253            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    254            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    255            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    256            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    257            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    258                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    259            ),
    260            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    261                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    262            ),
    263            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    264            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    265            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    266            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    267            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    268                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    269            ),
    270            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    271            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    272            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    273                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    274            ),
    275            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    276            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract,
    277            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    278                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    279                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    280                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    281            ),
    282            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    283            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    284            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    285            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    286            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    287                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    288            ),
    289            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    290            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    291            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    292                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    293            ),
    294            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    295            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    296            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    297        }
    298
    299        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    300        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    301
    302    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    303        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    304        JOIN_HINTS = False
    305        TABLE_HINTS = False
    306        QUERY_HINTS = False
    307        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    308        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    309        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    310        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    311        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    312        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    313        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    314        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    315        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    316        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    317        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    318        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    319        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    320
    321        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    322            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    323            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    324            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    325        }
    326
    327        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    328            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    329            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    330            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    331            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    332            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    333            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    334            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    335            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    336            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    337            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    338            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    339            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    340        }
    341
    342        TRANSFORMS = {
    343            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    344            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    345            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    346            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    347            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    348            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    349            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    350            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    351            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    352            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    353            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    354            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    355            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    356            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    357            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    358                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    359            ),
    360            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    361            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    362            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    363                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    364            ),
    365            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    366            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    367            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    368            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    369            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    370                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    371            ),
    372            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    373            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    374            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    375            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    376            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    377            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    378            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    379            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    380            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    381            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    382            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    383            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    384            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    385            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    386            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    387            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    388            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    389            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    390            exp.If: if_sql(),
    391            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    392            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    393            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.jsonextract_sql(e),
    394            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    395            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    396            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    397            exp.Lateral: explode_to_unnest_sql,
    398            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    399            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    400            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    401            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    402            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    403            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    404            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    405            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    406            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    407            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    408            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    409            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    410                [
    411                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    412                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    413                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    414                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    415                ]
    416            ),
    417            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    418            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    419            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    420            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    421            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    422            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    423            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    424            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    425            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    426            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    427            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    428            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    429            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    430                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    431            ),
    432            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    433            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    434            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    435            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    436            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    437            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    438            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    439            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    440            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    441            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    442            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    443            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    444            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    445            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    446            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    447            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    448            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    449            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    450                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    451            ),
    452            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    453            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    454            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    455            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    456        }
    457
    458        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    459            "alter",
    460            "and",
    461            "as",
    462            "between",
    463            "by",
    464            "case",
    465            "cast",
    466            "constraint",
    467            "create",
    468            "cross",
    469            "current_time",
    470            "current_timestamp",
    471            "deallocate",
    472            "delete",
    473            "describe",
    474            "distinct",
    475            "drop",
    476            "else",
    477            "end",
    478            "escape",
    479            "except",
    480            "execute",
    481            "exists",
    482            "extract",
    483            "false",
    484            "for",
    485            "from",
    486            "full",
    487            "group",
    488            "having",
    489            "in",
    490            "inner",
    491            "insert",
    492            "intersect",
    493            "into",
    494            "is",
    495            "join",
    496            "left",
    497            "like",
    498            "natural",
    499            "not",
    500            "null",
    501            "on",
    502            "or",
    503            "order",
    504            "outer",
    505            "prepare",
    506            "right",
    507            "select",
    508            "table",
    509            "then",
    510            "true",
    511            "union",
    512            "using",
    513            "values",
    514            "when",
    515            "where",
    516            "with",
    517        }
    518
    519        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    520            this = expression.this
    521
    522            if not this.type:
    523                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    524
    525                this = annotate_types(this)
    526
    527            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    528                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    529
    530            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    531
    532        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    533            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    534            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    535            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    536            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    537            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    538            this = expression.this
    539            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    540            value_as_timestamp = (
    541                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    542            )
    543
    544            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    545
    546            formatted_value = self.func(
    547                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    548            )
    549            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    550                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    551                formatted_value,
    552                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    553            )
    554            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    555            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    556
    557        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    558            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    559                return self.func(
    560                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    561                    expression.this,
    562                    seq_get(
    563                        apply_index_offset(
    564                            expression.this,
    565                            expression.expressions,
    566                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    567                        ),
    568                        0,
    569                    ),
    570                )
    571            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    572
    573        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    574            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    575
    576            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    577            values: t.List[str] = []
    578            schema: t.List[str] = []
    579            unknown_type = False
    580
    581            for e in expression.expressions:
    582                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    583                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    584                        unknown_type = True
    585                    else:
    586                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    587                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    588                else:
    589                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    590
    591            size = len(expression.expressions)
    592
    593            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    594                if unknown_type:
    595                    self.unsupported(
    596                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    597                    )
    598                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    599            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    600
    601        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    602            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    603                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    604            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    605
    606        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    607            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    608            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    609            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    610
    611        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    612            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    613        ) -> t.List[str]:
    614            return [
    615                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    616                self.sql(limit),
    617            ]
    618
    619        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    620            """
    621            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    622            so we need to remove them
    623            """
    624            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    625            schema = expression.this
    626            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    627                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    628            return super().create_sql(expression)
    629
    630        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    631            """
    632            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    633            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    634            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    635            """
    636            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    637            if len(tables) > 1:
    638                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    639
    640            table = tables[0]
    641            expression.set("this", table)
    642            expression.set("tables", None)
    643
    644            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    645                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    646                if table_alias:
    647                    table_alias.pop()
    648                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    649
    650            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    651
    652        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    653            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    654
    655            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    656            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    657            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    658                return self.func(
    659                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    660                )
    661
    662            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    663
    664            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    665            segments = []
    666            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    667                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    668                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    669                    self.unsupported(
    670                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    671                    )
    672                    continue
    673                key = path_key.this
    674                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    675                    key = f'"{key}"'
    676                segments.append(f".{key}")
    677
    678            expr = "".join(segments)
    679
    680            return f"{this}{expr}"
    681
    682        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    683            return self.func(
    684                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    685                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    686                expression.args.get("separator"),
    687            )

DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = typing.Union[sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd, sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd, sqlglot.expressions.DateSub]
class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    192class Presto(Dialect):
    193    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    194    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    195    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    196    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    197    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    198    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    199    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    200    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    201
    202    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    203
    204    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    205    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    206    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    207    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    208
    209    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
    210    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
    211    ANNOTATORS = {
    212        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
    213        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    214        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    215        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
    216        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    217        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    218        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    219        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
    220        if e.this
    221        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
    222    }
    223
    224    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    225        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    226            (prefix + q, q)
    227            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    228            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    229        ]
    230
    231        KEYWORDS = {
    232            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    233            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    234            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    235            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    236            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    237            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    238            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    239            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    240        }
    241        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    242        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    243
    244    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    245        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    246
    247        FUNCTIONS = {
    248            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    249            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    250            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    251            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    252            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    253            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    254            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    255            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    256            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    257            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    258            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    259                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    260            ),
    261            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    262                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    263            ),
    264            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    265            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    266            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    267            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    268            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    269                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    270            ),
    271            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    272            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    273            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    274                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    275            ),
    276            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    277            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract,
    278            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    279                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    280                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    281                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    282            ),
    283            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    284            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    285            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    286            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    287            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    288                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    289            ),
    290            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    291            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    292            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    293                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    294            ),
    295            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    296            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    297            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    298        }
    299
    300        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    301        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    302
    303    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    304        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    305        JOIN_HINTS = False
    306        TABLE_HINTS = False
    307        QUERY_HINTS = False
    308        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    309        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    310        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    311        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    312        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    313        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    314        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    315        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    316        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    317        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    318        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    319        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    320        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    321
    322        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    323            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    324            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    325            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    326        }
    327
    328        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    329            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    330            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    331            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    332            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    333            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    334            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    335            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    336            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    337            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    338            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    339            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    340            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    341        }
    342
    343        TRANSFORMS = {
    344            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    345            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    346            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    347            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    348            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    349            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    350            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    351            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    352            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    353            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    354            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    355            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    356            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    357            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    358            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    359                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    360            ),
    361            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    362            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    363            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    364                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    365            ),
    366            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    367            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    368            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    369            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    370            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    371                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    372            ),
    373            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    374            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    375            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    376            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    377            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    378            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    379            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    380            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    381            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    382            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    383            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    384            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    385            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    386            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    387            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    388            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    389            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    390            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    391            exp.If: if_sql(),
    392            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    393            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    394            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.jsonextract_sql(e),
    395            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    396            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    397            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    398            exp.Lateral: explode_to_unnest_sql,
    399            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    400            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    401            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    402            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    403            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    404            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    405            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    406            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    407            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    408            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    409            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    410            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    411                [
    412                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    413                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    414                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    415                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    416                ]
    417            ),
    418            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    419            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    420            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    421            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    422            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    423            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    424            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    425            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    426            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    427            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    428            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    429            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    430            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    431                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    432            ),
    433            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    434            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    435            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    436            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    437            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    438            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    439            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    440            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    441            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    442            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    443            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    444            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    445            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    446            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    447            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    448            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    449            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    450            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    451                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    452            ),
    453            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    454            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    455            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    456            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    457        }
    458
    459        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    460            "alter",
    461            "and",
    462            "as",
    463            "between",
    464            "by",
    465            "case",
    466            "cast",
    467            "constraint",
    468            "create",
    469            "cross",
    470            "current_time",
    471            "current_timestamp",
    472            "deallocate",
    473            "delete",
    474            "describe",
    475            "distinct",
    476            "drop",
    477            "else",
    478            "end",
    479            "escape",
    480            "except",
    481            "execute",
    482            "exists",
    483            "extract",
    484            "false",
    485            "for",
    486            "from",
    487            "full",
    488            "group",
    489            "having",
    490            "in",
    491            "inner",
    492            "insert",
    493            "intersect",
    494            "into",
    495            "is",
    496            "join",
    497            "left",
    498            "like",
    499            "natural",
    500            "not",
    501            "null",
    502            "on",
    503            "or",
    504            "order",
    505            "outer",
    506            "prepare",
    507            "right",
    508            "select",
    509            "table",
    510            "then",
    511            "true",
    512            "union",
    513            "using",
    514            "values",
    515            "when",
    516            "where",
    517            "with",
    518        }
    519
    520        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    521            this = expression.this
    522
    523            if not this.type:
    524                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    525
    526                this = annotate_types(this)
    527
    528            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    529                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    530
    531            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    532
    533        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    534            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    535            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    536            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    537            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    538            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    539            this = expression.this
    540            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    541            value_as_timestamp = (
    542                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    543            )
    544
    545            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    546
    547            formatted_value = self.func(
    548                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    549            )
    550            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    551                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    552                formatted_value,
    553                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    554            )
    555            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    556            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    557
    558        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    559            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    560                return self.func(
    561                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    562                    expression.this,
    563                    seq_get(
    564                        apply_index_offset(
    565                            expression.this,
    566                            expression.expressions,
    567                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    568                        ),
    569                        0,
    570                    ),
    571                )
    572            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    573
    574        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    575            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    576
    577            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    578            values: t.List[str] = []
    579            schema: t.List[str] = []
    580            unknown_type = False
    581
    582            for e in expression.expressions:
    583                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    584                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    585                        unknown_type = True
    586                    else:
    587                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    588                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    589                else:
    590                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    591
    592            size = len(expression.expressions)
    593
    594            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    595                if unknown_type:
    596                    self.unsupported(
    597                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    598                    )
    599                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    600            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    601
    602        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    603            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    604                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    605            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    606
    607        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    608            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    609            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    610            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    611
    612        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    613            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    614        ) -> t.List[str]:
    615            return [
    616                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    617                self.sql(limit),
    618            ]
    619
    620        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    621            """
    622            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    623            so we need to remove them
    624            """
    625            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    626            schema = expression.this
    627            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    628                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    629            return super().create_sql(expression)
    630
    631        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    632            """
    633            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    634            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    635            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    636            """
    637            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    638            if len(tables) > 1:
    639                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    640
    641            table = tables[0]
    642            expression.set("this", table)
    643            expression.set("tables", None)
    644
    645            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    646                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    647                if table_alias:
    648                    table_alias.pop()
    649                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    650
    651            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    652
    653        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    654            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    655
    656            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    657            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    658            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    659                return self.func(
    660                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    661                )
    662
    663            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    664
    665            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    666            segments = []
    667            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    668                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    669                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    670                    self.unsupported(
    671                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    672                    )
    673                    continue
    674                key = path_key.this
    675                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    676                    key = f'"{key}"'
    677                segments.append(f".{key}")
    678
    679            expr = "".join(segments)
    680
    681            return f"{this}{expr}"
    682
    683        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    684            return self.func(
    685                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    686                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    687                expression.args.get("separator"),
    688            )

INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether `CONCAT`'s arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of `a / b` depends on the types of `a` and `b`. False means `a / b` is always float division. True means `a / b` is integer division if both `a` and `b` are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = None

Whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function. Possible values: `True`, `False`, `None` (two arguments are not supported by `LOG`)

TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%A'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

ANNOTATORS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Neg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Not'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Paren'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAlias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Add'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Binary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Connector'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DPipe'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distance'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Div'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Dot'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Escape'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Glob'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Kwarg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Like'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mod'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mul'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeNEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PropertyEQ'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SimilarTo'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Slice'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sub'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Between'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Boolean'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToTimeStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDateStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>: <function _annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Anonymous'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Bracket'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distinct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Filter'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Interval'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Literal'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Null'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unnest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Presto.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Presto.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%A': '%W'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = None
HEX_END: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
  FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION
  EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY
  SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL
  HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS
  STRICT_JSON_PATH_SYNTAX
  ON_CONDITION_EMPTY_BEFORE_ERROR
  ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS
  REGEXP_EXTRACT_DEFAULT_GROUP
  SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT
  CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    224    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    225        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    226            (prefix + q, q)
    227            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    228            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    229        ]
    230
    231        KEYWORDS = {
    232            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    233            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    234            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    235            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    236            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    237            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    238            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    239            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    240        }
    241        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    242        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")

UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEX_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  QUOTES
  STRING_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  NESTED_COMMENTS
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    244    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    245        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    246
    247        FUNCTIONS = {
    248            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    249            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    250            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    251            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    252            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    253            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    254            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    255            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    256            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    257            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    258            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    259                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    260            ),
    261            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    262                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    263            ),
    264            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    265            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    266            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    267            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    268            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    269                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    270            ),
    271            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    272            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    273            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    274                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    275            ),
    276            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    277            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract,
    278            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    279                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    280                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    281                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    282            ),
    283            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    284            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    285            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    286            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    287            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    288                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), instance=seq_get(args, 2)
    289            ),
    290            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    291            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    292            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    293                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    294            ),
    295            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    296            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    297            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    298        }
    299
    300        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    301        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function build_regexp_extract>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_to_char>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'ARBITRARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <function _build_approx_percentile>, 'BITWISE_AND': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_NOT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_OR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CARDINALITY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_PARSE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'ELEMENT_AT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function _build_from_unixtime>, 'FROM_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'ROW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'SEQUENCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'SPLIT_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STRPOS': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_UNIXTIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TO_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA256': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  PROPERTY_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
  EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  DESCRIBE_STYLES
  OPERATION_MODIFIERS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    303    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    304        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    305        JOIN_HINTS = False
    306        TABLE_HINTS = False
    307        QUERY_HINTS = False
    308        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    309        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    310        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    311        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    312        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    313        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    314        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    315        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    316        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    317        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    318        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    319        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    320        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    321
    322        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    323            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    324            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    325            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    326        }
    327
    328        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    329            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    330            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    331            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    332            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    333            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    334            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    335            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    336            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    337            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    338            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    339            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    340            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    341        }
    342
    343        TRANSFORMS = {
    344            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    345            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    346            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    347            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    348            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    349            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    350            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    351            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    352            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    353            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    354            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    355            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    356            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    357            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    358            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    359                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    360            ),
    361            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    362            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    363            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    364                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    365            ),
    366            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    367            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    368            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    369            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    370            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    371                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    372            ),
    373            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    374            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    375            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    376            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    377            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    378            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    379            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    380            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    381            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    382            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    383            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    384            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    385            exp.FirstValue: _first_last_sql,
    386            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    387            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    388            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    389            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    390            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    391            exp.If: if_sql(),
    392            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    393            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    394            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.jsonextract_sql(e),
    395            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    396            exp.LastValue: _first_last_sql,
    397            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    398            exp.Lateral: explode_to_unnest_sql,
    399            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    400            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    401            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    402            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    403            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    404            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    405            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    406            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    407            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    408            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    409            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    410            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    411                [
    412                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    413                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    414                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(1),
    415                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    416                ]
    417            ),
    418            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    419            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: str_position_sql(self, e, generate_instance=True),
    420            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    421            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    422            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    423            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    424            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    425            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    426            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    427            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    428            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    429            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    430            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    431                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    432            ),
    433            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    434            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    435            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    436            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    437            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    438            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    439            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    440            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    441            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    442            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    443            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    444            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    445            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    446            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    447            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    448            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    449            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    450            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    451                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    452            ),
    453            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    454            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    455            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    456            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    457        }
    458
    459        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    460            "alter",
    461            "and",
    462            "as",
    463            "between",
    464            "by",
    465            "case",
    466            "cast",
    467            "constraint",
    468            "create",
    469            "cross",
    470            "current_time",
    471            "current_timestamp",
    472            "deallocate",
    473            "delete",
    474            "describe",
    475            "distinct",
    476            "drop",
    477            "else",
    478            "end",
    479            "escape",
    480            "except",
    481            "execute",
    482            "exists",
    483            "extract",
    484            "false",
    485            "for",
    486            "from",
    487            "full",
    488            "group",
    489            "having",
    490            "in",
    491            "inner",
    492            "insert",
    493            "intersect",
    494            "into",
    495            "is",
    496            "join",
    497            "left",
    498            "like",
    499            "natural",
    500            "not",
    501            "null",
    502            "on",
    503            "or",
    504            "order",
    505            "outer",
    506            "prepare",
    507            "right",
    508            "select",
    509            "table",
    510            "then",
    511            "true",
    512            "union",
    513            "using",
    514            "values",
    515            "when",
    516            "where",
    517            "with",
    518        }
    519
    520        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    521            this = expression.this
    522
    523            if not this.type:
    524                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    525
    526                this = annotate_types(this)
    527
    528            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    529                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    530
    531            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    532
    533        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    534            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    535            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    536            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    537            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    538            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    539            this = expression.this
    540            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    541            value_as_timestamp = (
    542                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    543            )
    544
    545            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    546
    547            formatted_value = self.func(
    548                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    549            )
    550            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    551                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    552                formatted_value,
    553                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    554            )
    555            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    556            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    557
    558        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    559            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    560                return self.func(
    561                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    562                    expression.this,
    563                    seq_get(
    564                        apply_index_offset(
    565                            expression.this,
    566                            expression.expressions,
    567                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    568                        ),
    569                        0,
    570                    ),
    571                )
    572            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    573
    574        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    575            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    576
    577            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    578            values: t.List[str] = []
    579            schema: t.List[str] = []
    580            unknown_type = False
    581
    582            for e in expression.expressions:
    583                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    584                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    585                        unknown_type = True
    586                    else:
    587                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    588                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    589                else:
    590                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    591
    592            size = len(expression.expressions)
    593
    594            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    595                if unknown_type:
    596                    self.unsupported(
    597                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    598                    )
    599                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    600            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    601
    602        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    603            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    604                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    605            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    606
    607        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    608            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    609            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    610            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    611
    612        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    613            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    614        ) -> t.List[str]:
    615            return [
    616                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    617                self.sql(limit),
    618            ]
    619
    620        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    621            """
    622            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    623            so we need to remove them
    624            """
    625            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    626            schema = expression.this
    627            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    628                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    629            return super().create_sql(expression)
    630
    631        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    632            """
    633            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    634            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    635            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    636            """
    637            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    638            if len(tables) > 1:
    639                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    640
    641            table = tables[0]
    642            expression.set("this", table)
    643            expression.set("tables", None)
    644
    645            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    646                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    647                if table_alias:
    648                    table_alias.pop()
    649                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    650
    651            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    652
    653        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    654            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    655
    656            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    657            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    658            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    659                return self.func(
    660                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    661                )
    662
    663            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    664
    665            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    666            segments = []
    667            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    668                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    669                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    670                    self.unsupported(
    671                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    672                    )
    673                    continue
    674                key = path_key.this
    675                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    676                    key = f'"{key}"'
    677                segments.append(f".{key}")
    678
    679            expr = "".join(segments)
    680
    681            return f"{this}{expr}"
    682
    683        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    684            return self.func(
    685                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    686                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    687                expression.args.get("separator"),
    688            )

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
PARSE_JSON_NAME = 'JSON_PARSE'
PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>: 'BOOLEAN', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>: 'HYPERLOGLOG', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'ROW', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TagColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _initcap_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lateral'>: <function explode_to_unnest_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _quantile_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function no_safe_divide_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Schema'>: <function _schema_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _no_sort_array>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithinGroup'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'by', 'true', 'cross', 'when', 'insert', 'constraint', 'delete', 'distinct', 'for', 'exists', 'not', 'order', 'with', 'between', 'current_timestamp', 'alter', 'cast', 'values', 'right', 'drop', 'like', 'where', 'end', 'intersect', 'null', 'false', 'and', 'using', 'describe', 'select', 'except', 'current_time', 'execute', 'having', 'escape', 'union', 'else', 'join', 'create', 'deallocate', 'inner', 'full', 'natural', 'prepare', 'outer', 'extract', 'group', 'then', 'or', 'case', 'is', 'on', 'as', 'table', 'in', 'into', 'left', 'from'}
def md5_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.MD5) -> str: View Source

    520        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    521            this = expression.this
    522
    523            if not this.type:
    524                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    525
    526                this = annotate_types(this)
    527
    528            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    529                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    530
    531            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))

def strtounix_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix) -> str: View Source

    533        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    534            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    535            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    536            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    537            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    538            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    539            this = expression.this
    540            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    541            value_as_timestamp = (
    542                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    543            )
    544
    545            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    546
    547            formatted_value = self.func(
    548                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    549            )
    550            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    551                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    552                formatted_value,
    553                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    554            )
    555            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    556            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str: View Source

    558        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    559            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    560                return self.func(
    561                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    562                    expression.this,
    563                    seq_get(
    564                        apply_index_offset(
    565                            expression.this,
    566                            expression.expressions,
    567                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    568                        ),
    569                        0,
    570                    ),
    571                )
    572            return super().bracket_sql(expression)

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    574        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    575            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    576
    577            expression = annotate_types(expression)
    578            values: t.List[str] = []
    579            schema: t.List[str] = []
    580            unknown_type = False
    581
    582            for e in expression.expressions:
    583                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    584                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    585                        unknown_type = True
    586                    else:
    587                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    588                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    589                else:
    590                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    591
    592            size = len(expression.expressions)
    593
    594            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    595                if unknown_type:
    596                    self.unsupported(
    597                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    598                    )
    599                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    600            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"

def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str: View Source

    602        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    603            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    604                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    605            return super().interval_sql(expression)

def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str: View Source

    607        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    608            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    609            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    610            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"

def offset_limit_modifiers( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: Union[sqlglot.expressions.Fetch, sqlglot.expressions.Limit, NoneType]) -> List[str]: View Source

    612        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    613            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    614        ) -> t.List[str]:
    615            return [
    616                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    617                self.sql(limit),
    618            ]

def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str: View Source

    620        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    621            """
    622            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    623            so we need to remove them
    624            """
    625            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    626            schema = expression.this
    627            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    628                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    629            return super().create_sql(expression)

Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression), so we need to remove them

def delete_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Delete) -> str: View Source

    631        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    632            """
    633            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    634            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    635            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    636            """
    637            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    638            if len(tables) > 1:
    639                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    640
    641            table = tables[0]
    642            expression.set("this", table)
    643            expression.set("tables", None)
    644
    645            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    646                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    647                if table_alias:
    648                    table_alias.pop()
    649                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    650
    651            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.

def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract) -> str: View Source

    653        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    654            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    655
    656            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    657            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    658            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    659                return self.func(
    660                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    661                )
    662
    663            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    664
    665            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    666            segments = []
    667            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    668                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    669                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    670                    self.unsupported(
    671                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    672                    )
    673                    continue
    674                key = path_key.this
    675                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    676                    key = f'"{key}"'
    677                segments.append(f".{key}")
    678
    679            expr = "".join(segments)
    680
    681            return f"{this}{expr}"

def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat) -> str: View Source

    683        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    684            return self.func(
    685                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    686                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    687                expression.args.get("separator"),
    688            )

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  COLLATE_IS_FUNC
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  TRY_SUPPORTED
  SUPPORTS_UESCAPE
  STAR_EXCEPT
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS
  ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
  SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  groupingsets_sql
  rollup_sql
  cube_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  unnest_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
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  formatjson_sql
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  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
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  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
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  add_sql
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  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
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  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
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  commit_sql
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  altercolumn_sql
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  alterrename_sql
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  alterset_sql
  alter_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
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  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
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  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
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  eq_sql
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  escape_sql
  glob_sql
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  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
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  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
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  mod_sql
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  nullsafeeq_sql
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  slice_sql
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  log_sql
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  binary
  function_fallback_sql
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  tag_sql
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  tochar_sql
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  dictproperty_sql
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  duplicatekeyproperty_sql
  distributedbyproperty_sql
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  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
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  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
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  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
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  semicolon_sql
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  gapfill_sql
  scope_resolution
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  parsejson_sql
  rand_sql
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  explodinggenerateseries_sql
  arrayconcat_sql
  converttimezone_sql
  json_sql
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  conditionalinsert_sql
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  oncondition_sql
  jsonexists_sql
  arrayagg_sql
  apply_sql
  grant_sql
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  grantprincipal_sql
  columns_sql
  overlay_sql
  todouble_sql
  string_sql