sqlglot.dialects.snowflake API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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       1from __future__ import annotations
       2
       3import typing as t
       4
       5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
       6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
       7    Dialect,
       8    NormalizationStrategy,
       9    binary_from_function,
      10    build_default_decimal_type,
      11    build_timestamp_from_parts,
      12    date_delta_sql,
      13    date_trunc_to_time,
      14    datestrtodate_sql,
      15    build_formatted_time,
      16    if_sql,
      17    inline_array_sql,
      18    max_or_greatest,
      19    min_or_least,
      20    rename_func,
      21    timestamptrunc_sql,
      22    timestrtotime_sql,
      23    var_map_sql,
      24    map_date_part,
      25)
      26from sqlglot.helper import flatten, is_float, is_int, seq_get
      27from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
      28
      29if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
      30    from sqlglot._typing import E
      31
      32
      33# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
      34def _build_datetime(
      35    name: str, kind: exp.DataType.Type, safe: bool = False
      36) -> t.Callable[[t.List], exp.Func]:
      37    def _builder(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
      38        value = seq_get(args, 0)
      39        int_value = value is not None and is_int(value.name)
      40
      41        if isinstance(value, exp.Literal):
      42            # Converts calls like `TO_TIME('01:02:03')` into casts
      43            if len(args) == 1 and value.is_string and not int_value:
      44                return exp.cast(value, kind)
      45
      46            # Handles `TO_TIMESTAMP(str, fmt)` and `TO_TIMESTAMP(num, scale)` as special
      47            # cases so we can transpile them, since they're relatively common
      48            if kind == exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP:
      49                if int_value:
      50                    return exp.UnixToTime(this=value, scale=seq_get(args, 1))
      51                if not is_float(value.this):
      52                    return build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
      53
      54        if kind == exp.DataType.Type.DATE and not int_value:
      55            formatted_exp = build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "snowflake")(args)
      56            formatted_exp.set("safe", safe)
      57            return formatted_exp
      58
      59        return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
      60
      61    return _builder
      62
      63
      64def _build_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
      65    expression = parser.build_var_map(args)
      66
      67    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
      68        return expression
      69
      70    return exp.Struct(
      71        expressions=[
      72            exp.PropertyEQ(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
      73        ]
      74    )
      75
      76
      77def _build_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
      78    return exp.DateDiff(
      79        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
      80    )
      81
      82
      83def _build_date_time_add(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
      84    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
      85        return expr_type(
      86            this=seq_get(args, 2),
      87            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
      88            unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
      89        )
      90
      91    return _builder
      92
      93
      94# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
      95def _build_if_from_div0(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
      96    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
      97    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
      98    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
      99    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
     100
     101
     102# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     103def _build_if_from_zeroifnull(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     104    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
     105    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     106
     107
     108# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     109def _build_if_from_nullifzero(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     110    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
     111    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     112
     113
     114def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
     115    flag = expression.text("flag")
     116
     117    if "i" not in flag:
     118        flag += "i"
     119
     120    return self.func(
     121        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
     122    )
     123
     124
     125def _build_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
     126    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
     127
     128    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
     129        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
     130
     131    return regexp_replace
     132
     133
     134def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
     135    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
     136        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
     137
     138    return _parse
     139
     140
     141def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
     142    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
     143    trunc.set("unit", map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
     144    return trunc
     145
     146
     147def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     148    """
     149    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
     150    so we need to unqualify them.
     151
     152    Example:
     153        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
     154        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
     155        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
     156        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
     157    """
     158    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
     159        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
     160
     161    return expression
     162
     163
     164def _flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     165    assert isinstance(expression, exp.Create)
     166
     167    def _flatten_structured_type(expression: exp.DataType) -> exp.DataType:
     168        if expression.this in exp.DataType.NESTED_TYPES:
     169            expression.set("expressions", None)
     170        return expression
     171
     172    props = expression.args.get("properties")
     173    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Schema) and not (props and props.find(exp.IcebergProperty)):
     174        for schema_expression in expression.this.expressions:
     175            if isinstance(schema_expression, exp.ColumnDef):
     176                column_type = schema_expression.kind
     177                if isinstance(column_type, exp.DataType):
     178                    column_type.transform(_flatten_structured_type, copy=False)
     179
     180    return expression
     181
     182
     183def _unnest_generate_date_array(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     184    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
     185        for unnest in expression.find_all(exp.Unnest):
     186            if (
     187                isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join))
     188                and len(unnest.expressions) == 1
     189                and isinstance(unnest.expressions[0], exp.GenerateDateArray)
     190            ):
     191                generate_date_array = unnest.expressions[0]
     192                start = generate_date_array.args.get("start")
     193                end = generate_date_array.args.get("end")
     194                step = generate_date_array.args.get("step")
     195
     196                if not start or not end or not isinstance(step, exp.Interval) or step.name != "1":
     197                    continue
     198
     199                unit = step.args.get("unit")
     200
     201                unnest_alias = unnest.args.get("alias")
     202                if unnest_alias:
     203                    unnest_alias = unnest_alias.copy()
     204                    sequence_value_name = seq_get(unnest_alias.columns, 0) or "value"
     205                else:
     206                    sequence_value_name = "value"
     207
     208                # We'll add the next sequence value to the starting date and project the result
     209                date_add = _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd)(
     210                    [unit, exp.cast(sequence_value_name, "int"), exp.cast(start, "date")]
     211                ).as_(sequence_value_name)
     212
     213                # We use DATEDIFF to compute the number of sequence values needed
     214                number_sequence = Snowflake.Parser.FUNCTIONS["ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE"](
     215                    [exp.Literal.number(0), _build_datediff([unit, start, end]) + 1]
     216                )
     217
     218                unnest.set("expressions", [number_sequence])
     219                unnest.replace(exp.select(date_add).from_(unnest.copy()).subquery(unnest_alias))
     220
     221    return expression
     222
     223
     224class Snowflake(Dialect):
     225    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     226    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     227    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     228    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     229    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     230    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     231    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     232    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     233    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     234
     235    TIME_MAPPING = {
     236        "YYYY": "%Y",
     237        "yyyy": "%Y",
     238        "YY": "%y",
     239        "yy": "%y",
     240        "MMMM": "%B",
     241        "mmmm": "%B",
     242        "MON": "%b",
     243        "mon": "%b",
     244        "MM": "%m",
     245        "mm": "%m",
     246        "DD": "%d",
     247        "dd": "%-d",
     248        "DY": "%a",
     249        "dy": "%w",
     250        "HH24": "%H",
     251        "hh24": "%H",
     252        "HH12": "%I",
     253        "hh12": "%I",
     254        "MI": "%M",
     255        "mi": "%M",
     256        "SS": "%S",
     257        "ss": "%S",
     258        "FF": "%f",
     259        "ff": "%f",
     260        "FF6": "%f",
     261        "ff6": "%f",
     262    }
     263
     264    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     265        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     266        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     267        if (
     268            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     269            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     270            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     271        ):
     272            return expression  # type: ignore
     273
     274        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     275
     276    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     277        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     278        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     279        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
     280
     281        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     282            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     283            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     284        }
     285
     286        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     287        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     288
     289        FUNCTIONS = {
     290            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     291            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     292            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
     293            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
     294            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     295                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     296            ),
     297            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     298                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     299                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     300                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     301                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     302            ),
     303            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     304            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     305            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
     306            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     307            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     308            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     309            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     310            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     311            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     312            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     313                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     314            ),
     315            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     316            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     317                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     318            ),
     319            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     320            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     321            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     322            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
     323                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
     324            ),
     325            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     326            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     327            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     328            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
     329            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     330            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     331            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     332            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     333            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     334            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     335            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     336            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     337            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
     338            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     339            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     340            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     341                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     342                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     343                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     344                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     345            ),
     346            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     347            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     348            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     349            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     350            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     351            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     352            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     353        }
     354
     355        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     356            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     357            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     358            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     359        }
     360        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     361
     362        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     363
     364        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     365            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     366            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     367            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     368        }
     369
     370        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     371            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     372            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     373                exp.Set,
     374                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     375                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     376                unset=True,
     377            ),
     378            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
     379        }
     380
     381        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     382            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     383            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     384        }
     385
     386        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     387            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     388            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     389        }
     390
     391        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
     392            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     393            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     394        }
     395
     396        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     397            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     398            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     399            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     400            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     401            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     402            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     403            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     404            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     405            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     406            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     407            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     408            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     409            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     410            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     411            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     412            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     413            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     414            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     415            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     416        }
     417
     418        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     419            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     420            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     421            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     422            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     423            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     424        }
     425
     426        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     427            TokenType.DOT,
     428            TokenType.MOD,
     429            TokenType.SLASH,
     430        }
     431
     432        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     433
     434        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     435
     436        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
     437
     438        LAMBDAS = {
     439            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     440            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     441                exp.Lambda,
     442                this=self._replace_lambda(
     443                    self._parse_assignment(),
     444                    expressions,
     445                ),
     446                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     447            ),
     448        }
     449
     450        def _negate_range(
     451            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     452        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     453            if not this:
     454                return this
     455
     456            query = this.args.get("query")
     457            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
     458                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
     459                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
     460                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
     461                #
     462                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
     463                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
     464                return self.expression(
     465                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
     466                )
     467
     468            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
     469
     470        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     471            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
     472                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
     473
     474            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
     475                policy = self._parse_column()
     476                return self.expression(
     477                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
     478                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     479                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
     480                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     481                )
     482            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
     483                policy = self._parse_column()
     484                return self.expression(
     485                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
     486                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     487                )
     488            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     489                return self.expression(
     490                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
     491                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
     492                )
     493
     494            return None
     495
     496        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     497            expression = super()._parse_create()
     498            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
     499                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     500                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     501
     502            return expression
     503
     504        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     505        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     506        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     507            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     508
     509            if not this:
     510                return None
     511
     512            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     513            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     514            this = map_date_part(this)
     515            name = this.name.upper()
     516
     517            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     518                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     519                    scale = 10**3
     520                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     521                    scale = 10**6
     522                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     523                    scale = 10**9
     524                else:
     525                    scale = None
     526
     527                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     528                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     529
     530                if scale:
     531                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     532
     533                return to_unix
     534
     535            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     536
     537        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     538            if is_map:
     539                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     540                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     541                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     542                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     543
     544            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
     545
     546        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     547            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     548            if not lateral:
     549                return lateral
     550
     551            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     552                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     553                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     554                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     555                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     556                elif not table_alias:
     557                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     558
     559            return lateral
     560
     561        def _parse_table_parts(
     562            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     563        ) -> exp.Table:
     564            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     565            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     566                table = self._parse_string()
     567            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     568                table = self._parse_location_path()
     569            else:
     570                table = None
     571
     572            if table:
     573                file_format = None
     574                pattern = None
     575
     576                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     577                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     578                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     579                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     580                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     581                        )
     582                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     583                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     584                    else:
     585                        break
     586
     587                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     588
     589                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     590            else:
     591                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     592
     593            return table
     594
     595        def _parse_id_var(
     596            self,
     597            any_token: bool = True,
     598            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     599        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     600            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     601                identifier = (
     602                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     603                    or self._parse_string()
     604                )
     605                self._match_r_paren()
     606                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     607
     608            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     609
     610        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     611            scope = None
     612            scope_kind = None
     613
     614            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     615            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     616            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     617
     618            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     619
     620            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     621
     622            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     623                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     624                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     625                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     626                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     627                    if self._curr:
     628                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     629                elif self._curr:
     630                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     631                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     632
     633            return self.expression(
     634                exp.Show,
     635                **{
     636                    "terse": terse,
     637                    "this": this,
     638                    "history": history,
     639                    "like": like,
     640                    "scope": scope,
     641                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     642                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     643                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     644                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     645                },
     646            )
     647
     648        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
     649            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
     650            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
     651
     652        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     653            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     654            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     655
     656        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     657            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     658            return (
     659                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
     660                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     661                else self._parse_table_parts()
     662            )
     663
     664        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     665            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     666
     667            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     668            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     669            # in case of subqueries
     670            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     671                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     672            ):
     673                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     674
     675            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     676
     677        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     678            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     679
     680            if not this:
     681                return this
     682
     683            typ = self._parse_types()
     684
     685            if typ:
     686                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     687
     688            return this
     689
     690    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     691        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     692        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     693        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     694        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     695        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
     696
     697        KEYWORDS = {
     698            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     699            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     700            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     701            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     702            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     703            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     704            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     705            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     706            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     707            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     708            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     709            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     710            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     711            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     712            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     713            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     714            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     715            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     716            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     717            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     718            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     719            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
     720            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
     721        }
     722        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     723
     724        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     725            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     726            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     727        }
     728
     729        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     730
     731        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     732
     733    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     734        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     735        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     736        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     737        JOIN_HINTS = False
     738        TABLE_HINTS = False
     739        QUERY_HINTS = False
     740        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     741        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     742        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     743        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     744        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     745        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     746        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     747        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     748        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     749        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     750        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     751        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     752        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     753
     754        TRANSFORMS = {
     755            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     756            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     757            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     758            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     759            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     760            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     761            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     762            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     763                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     764            ),
     765            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     766            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     767            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     768            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     769            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     770            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     771            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     772            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     773            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     774            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     775            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     776                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     777            ),
     778            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     779                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     780            ),
     781            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     782            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     783            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
     784            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     785                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     786            ),
     787            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     788            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     789            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     790            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     791            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     792            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     793            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     794            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     795                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     796            ),
     797            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     798            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     799                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     800            ),
     801            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     802                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     803            ),
     804            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     805            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     806            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     807            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     808                [
     809                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     810                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     811                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     812                    _unnest_generate_date_array,
     813                ]
     814            ),
     815            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     816            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     817            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     818            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     819                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     820            ),
     821            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     822            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     823            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     824            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     825                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     826            ),
     827            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     828            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     829            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
     830                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
     831            ),
     832            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     833            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     834            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     835            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
     836            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     837            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     838            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     839                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     840            ),
     841            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     842            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     843            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     844            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     845        }
     846
     847        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     848            exp.JSONPathKey,
     849            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     850            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     851        }
     852
     853        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     854            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     855            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     856            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     857        }
     858
     859        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     860            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     861            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     862            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     863        }
     864
     865        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     866            exp.Map,
     867            exp.StarMap,
     868            exp.Struct,
     869            exp.VarMap,
     870        }
     871
     872        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     873            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     874
     875        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     876            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     877                values_as_table = False
     878
     879            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     880
     881        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     882            expressions = expression.expressions
     883            if (
     884                expressions
     885                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     886                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     887            ):
     888                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     889                return "OBJECT"
     890
     891            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     892
     893        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     894            return self.func(
     895                "TO_NUMBER",
     896                expression.this,
     897                expression.args.get("format"),
     898                expression.args.get("precision"),
     899                expression.args.get("scale"),
     900            )
     901
     902        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     903            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     904            if milli is not None:
     905                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     906                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     907
     908            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     909
     910        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
     911            value = expression.this
     912
     913            if value.type is None:
     914                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     915
     916                value = annotate_types(value)
     917
     918            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
     919                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
     920
     921            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
     922            return self.cast_sql(expression)
     923
     924        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
     925            if not expression.expression:
     926                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
     927
     928            return super().log_sql(expression)
     929
     930        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
     931            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     932            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
     933
     934            columns = [
     935                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
     936                exp.to_identifier("key"),
     937                exp.to_identifier("path"),
     938                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
     939                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
     940                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
     941                exp.to_identifier("this"),
     942            ]
     943
     944            if unnest_alias:
     945                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
     946            else:
     947                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
     948
     949            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
     950            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
     951            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
     952            return f"{explode}{alias}"
     953
     954        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
     955            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
     956            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
     957            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
     958            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
     959
     960            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
     961            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
     962
     963            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
     964            if scope_kind:
     965                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
     966
     967            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
     968            if starts_with:
     969                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
     970
     971            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
     972
     973            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
     974            if from_:
     975                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
     976
     977            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
     978
     979        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     980            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     981            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     982            group = expression.args.get("group")
     983            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
     984            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
     985            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
     986
     987            return self.func(
     988                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
     989                expression.this,
     990                expression.expression,
     991                position,
     992                occurrence,
     993                parameters,
     994                group,
     995            )
     996
     997        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
     998            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
     999                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1000            return super().except_op(expression)
    1001
    1002        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    1003            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1004                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1005            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    1006
    1007        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1008            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1009            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1010            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1011            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1012            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1013            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1014            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1015
    1016        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1017            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1018        ) -> str:
    1019            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1020            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1021            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1022            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1023            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1024
    1025        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1026            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1027            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    1028
    1029        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1030            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1031
    1032        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1033            keys = []
    1034            values = []
    1035
    1036            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1037                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1038                    keys.append(
    1039                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1040                    )
    1041                    values.append(e.expression)
    1042                else:
    1043                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1044                    values.append(e)
    1045
    1046            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1047
    1048        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1049            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
    1050                self.unsupported(
    1051                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
    1052                )
    1053
    1054            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1055
    1056        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1057            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1058            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1059            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1060            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1061            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1062            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1063            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1064            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1065
    1066            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

     225class Snowflake(Dialect):
     226    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     227    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     228    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     229    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     230    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     231    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     232    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     233    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     234    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     235
     236    TIME_MAPPING = {
     237        "YYYY": "%Y",
     238        "yyyy": "%Y",
     239        "YY": "%y",
     240        "yy": "%y",
     241        "MMMM": "%B",
     242        "mmmm": "%B",
     243        "MON": "%b",
     244        "mon": "%b",
     245        "MM": "%m",
     246        "mm": "%m",
     247        "DD": "%d",
     248        "dd": "%-d",
     249        "DY": "%a",
     250        "dy": "%w",
     251        "HH24": "%H",
     252        "hh24": "%H",
     253        "HH12": "%I",
     254        "hh12": "%I",
     255        "MI": "%M",
     256        "mi": "%M",
     257        "SS": "%S",
     258        "ss": "%S",
     259        "FF": "%f",
     260        "ff": "%f",
     261        "FF6": "%f",
     262        "ff6": "%f",
     263    }
     264
     265    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     266        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     267        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     268        if (
     269            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     270            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     271            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     272        ):
     273            return expression  # type: ignore
     274
     275        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     276
     277    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     278        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     279        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     280        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
     281
     282        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     283            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     284            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     285        }
     286
     287        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     288        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     289
     290        FUNCTIONS = {
     291            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     292            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     293            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
     294            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
     295            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     296                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     297            ),
     298            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     299                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     300                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     301                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     302                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     303            ),
     304            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     305            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
     306            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
     307            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     308            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     309            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     310            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     311            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     312            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     313            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     314                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     315            ),
     316            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     317            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     318                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     319            ),
     320            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     321            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     322            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
     323            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
     324                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
     325            ),
     326            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     327            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     328            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     329            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
     330            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     331            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     332            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     333            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     334            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     335            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     336            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     337            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     338            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
     339            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     340            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     341            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     342                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     343                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     344                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     345                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     346            ),
     347            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     348            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     349            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     350            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     351            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     352            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     353            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     354        }
     355
     356        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     357            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     358            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     359            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     360        }
     361        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     362
     363        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     364
     365        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     366            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     367            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     368            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     369        }
     370
     371        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     372            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     373            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     374                exp.Set,
     375                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     376                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     377                unset=True,
     378            ),
     379            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
     380        }
     381
     382        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     383            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     384            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     385        }
     386
     387        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     388            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     389            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     390        }
     391
     392        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
     393            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     394            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     395        }
     396
     397        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     398            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     399            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     400            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     401            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     402            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     403            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     404            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     405            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     406            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     407            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     408            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     409            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     410            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     411            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     412            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     413            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     414            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     415            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     416            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     417        }
     418
     419        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     420            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     421            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     422            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     423            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     424            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     425        }
     426
     427        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     428            TokenType.DOT,
     429            TokenType.MOD,
     430            TokenType.SLASH,
     431        }
     432
     433        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     434
     435        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     436
     437        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
     438
     439        LAMBDAS = {
     440            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     441            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     442                exp.Lambda,
     443                this=self._replace_lambda(
     444                    self._parse_assignment(),
     445                    expressions,
     446                ),
     447                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     448            ),
     449        }
     450
     451        def _negate_range(
     452            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     453        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     454            if not this:
     455                return this
     456
     457            query = this.args.get("query")
     458            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
     459                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
     460                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
     461                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
     462                #
     463                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
     464                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
     465                return self.expression(
     466                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
     467                )
     468
     469            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
     470
     471        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     472            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
     473                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
     474
     475            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
     476                policy = self._parse_column()
     477                return self.expression(
     478                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
     479                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     480                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
     481                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     482                )
     483            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
     484                policy = self._parse_column()
     485                return self.expression(
     486                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
     487                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     488                )
     489            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     490                return self.expression(
     491                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
     492                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
     493                )
     494
     495            return None
     496
     497        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     498            expression = super()._parse_create()
     499            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
     500                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     501                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     502
     503            return expression
     504
     505        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     506        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     507        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     508            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     509
     510            if not this:
     511                return None
     512
     513            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     514            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     515            this = map_date_part(this)
     516            name = this.name.upper()
     517
     518            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     519                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     520                    scale = 10**3
     521                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     522                    scale = 10**6
     523                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     524                    scale = 10**9
     525                else:
     526                    scale = None
     527
     528                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     529                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     530
     531                if scale:
     532                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     533
     534                return to_unix
     535
     536            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     537
     538        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     539            if is_map:
     540                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     541                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     542                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     543                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     544
     545            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
     546
     547        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     548            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     549            if not lateral:
     550                return lateral
     551
     552            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     553                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     554                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     555                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     556                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     557                elif not table_alias:
     558                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     559
     560            return lateral
     561
     562        def _parse_table_parts(
     563            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     564        ) -> exp.Table:
     565            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     566            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     567                table = self._parse_string()
     568            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     569                table = self._parse_location_path()
     570            else:
     571                table = None
     572
     573            if table:
     574                file_format = None
     575                pattern = None
     576
     577                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     578                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     579                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     580                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     581                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     582                        )
     583                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     584                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     585                    else:
     586                        break
     587
     588                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     589
     590                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     591            else:
     592                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     593
     594            return table
     595
     596        def _parse_id_var(
     597            self,
     598            any_token: bool = True,
     599            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     600        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     601            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     602                identifier = (
     603                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     604                    or self._parse_string()
     605                )
     606                self._match_r_paren()
     607                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     608
     609            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     610
     611        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     612            scope = None
     613            scope_kind = None
     614
     615            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     616            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     617            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     618
     619            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     620
     621            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     622
     623            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     624                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     625                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     626                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     627                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     628                    if self._curr:
     629                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     630                elif self._curr:
     631                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     632                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     633
     634            return self.expression(
     635                exp.Show,
     636                **{
     637                    "terse": terse,
     638                    "this": this,
     639                    "history": history,
     640                    "like": like,
     641                    "scope": scope,
     642                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     643                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     644                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     645                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     646                },
     647            )
     648
     649        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
     650            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
     651            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
     652
     653        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     654            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     655            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     656
     657        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     658            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     659            return (
     660                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
     661                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     662                else self._parse_table_parts()
     663            )
     664
     665        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     666            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
     667
     668            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     669            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     670            # in case of subqueries
     671            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     672                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     673            ):
     674                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
     675
     676            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
     677
     678        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     679            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     680
     681            if not this:
     682                return this
     683
     684            typ = self._parse_types()
     685
     686            if typ:
     687                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     688
     689            return this
     690
     691    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     692        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     693        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     694        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     695        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     696        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
     697
     698        KEYWORDS = {
     699            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     700            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     701            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     702            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     703            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     704            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     705            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     706            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     707            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     708            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     709            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     710            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
     711            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     712            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     713            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     714            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     715            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     716            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     717            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     718            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     719            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     720            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
     721            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
     722        }
     723        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     724
     725        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     726            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     727            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     728        }
     729
     730        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     731
     732        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     733
     734    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     735        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     736        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     737        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     738        JOIN_HINTS = False
     739        TABLE_HINTS = False
     740        QUERY_HINTS = False
     741        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     742        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     743        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     744        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     745        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     746        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     747        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     748        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     749        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     750        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     751        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     752        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     753        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     754
     755        TRANSFORMS = {
     756            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     757            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     758            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     759            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     760            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     761            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     762            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     763            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     764                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     765            ),
     766            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     767            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     768            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     769            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     770            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     771            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     772            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     773            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     774            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     775            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     776            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     777                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     778            ),
     779            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     780                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     781            ),
     782            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     783            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     784            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
     785            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     786                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     787            ),
     788            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     789            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     790            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     791            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     792            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     793            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     794            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     795            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     796                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     797            ),
     798            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     799            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     800                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     801            ),
     802            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     803                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     804            ),
     805            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     806            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     807            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     808            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     809                [
     810                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     811                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     812                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     813                    _unnest_generate_date_array,
     814                ]
     815            ),
     816            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     817            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     818            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     819            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     820                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     821            ),
     822            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     823            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     824            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     825            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     826                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     827            ),
     828            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     829            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     830            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
     831                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
     832            ),
     833            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     834            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     835            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     836            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
     837            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     838            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     839            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     840                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     841            ),
     842            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     843            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     844            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     845            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     846        }
     847
     848        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     849            exp.JSONPathKey,
     850            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     851            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     852        }
     853
     854        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     855            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     856            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     857            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     858        }
     859
     860        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     861            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     862            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     863            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     864        }
     865
     866        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     867            exp.Map,
     868            exp.StarMap,
     869            exp.Struct,
     870            exp.VarMap,
     871        }
     872
     873        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     874            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     875
     876        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     877            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     878                values_as_table = False
     879
     880            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     881
     882        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     883            expressions = expression.expressions
     884            if (
     885                expressions
     886                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     887                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     888            ):
     889                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     890                return "OBJECT"
     891
     892            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     893
     894        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     895            return self.func(
     896                "TO_NUMBER",
     897                expression.this,
     898                expression.args.get("format"),
     899                expression.args.get("precision"),
     900                expression.args.get("scale"),
     901            )
     902
     903        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     904            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     905            if milli is not None:
     906                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     907                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     908
     909            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     910
     911        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
     912            value = expression.this
     913
     914            if value.type is None:
     915                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     916
     917                value = annotate_types(value)
     918
     919            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
     920                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
     921
     922            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
     923            return self.cast_sql(expression)
     924
     925        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
     926            if not expression.expression:
     927                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
     928
     929            return super().log_sql(expression)
     930
     931        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
     932            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     933            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
     934
     935            columns = [
     936                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
     937                exp.to_identifier("key"),
     938                exp.to_identifier("path"),
     939                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
     940                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
     941                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
     942                exp.to_identifier("this"),
     943            ]
     944
     945            if unnest_alias:
     946                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
     947            else:
     948                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
     949
     950            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
     951            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
     952            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
     953            return f"{explode}{alias}"
     954
     955        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
     956            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
     957            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
     958            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
     959            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
     960
     961            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
     962            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
     963
     964            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
     965            if scope_kind:
     966                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
     967
     968            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
     969            if starts_with:
     970                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
     971
     972            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
     973
     974            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
     975            if from_:
     976                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
     977
     978            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
     979
     980        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     981            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     982            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     983            group = expression.args.get("group")
     984            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
     985            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
     986            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
     987
     988            return self.func(
     989                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
     990                expression.this,
     991                expression.expression,
     992                position,
     993                occurrence,
     994                parameters,
     995                group,
     996            )
     997
     998        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
     999            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1000                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1001            return super().except_op(expression)
    1002
    1003        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    1004            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1005                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1006            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    1007
    1008        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1009            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1010            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1011            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1012            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1013            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1014            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1015            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1016
    1017        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1018            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1019        ) -> str:
    1020            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1021            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1022            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1023            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1024            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1025
    1026        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1027            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1028            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    1029
    1030        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1031            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1032
    1033        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1034            keys = []
    1035            values = []
    1036
    1037            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1038                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1039                    keys.append(
    1040                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1041                    )
    1042                    values.append(e.expression)
    1043                else:
    1044                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1045                    values.append(e)
    1046
    1047            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1048
    1049        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1050            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
    1051                self.unsupported(
    1052                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
    1053                )
    1054
    1055            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1056
    1057        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1058            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1059            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1060            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1061            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1062            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1063            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1064            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1065            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1066
    1067            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

    will be rewritten as

    WITH y(c) AS (
        SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
    ) SELECT c FROM y;

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False

Whether COPY statement parameters are separated by comma or whitespace

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    265    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    266        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    267        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    268        if (
    269            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    270            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    271            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    272        ):
    273            return expression  # type: ignore
    274
    275        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an `Identifier`, this method is a no-op.
- identify: If set to `False`, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  HEX_LOWERCASE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION
  EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY
  SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL
  HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS
  CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS
  ANNOTATORS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    277    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    278        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    279        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
    280        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
    281
    282        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    283            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    284            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    285        }
    286
    287        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    288        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
    289
    290        FUNCTIONS = {
    291            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    292            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    293            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    294            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
    295            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    296                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    297            ),
    298            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    299                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    300                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    301                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    302                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    303            ),
    304            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    305            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    306            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    307            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    308            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    309            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    310            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    311            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
    312            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    313            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    314                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    315            ),
    316            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    317            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    318                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    319            ),
    320            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    321            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    322            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    323            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
    324                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
    325            ),
    326            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
    327            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
    328            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
    329            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    330            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    331            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    332            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
    333            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    334            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    335            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
    336            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    337            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    338            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
    339            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
    340            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    341            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
    342                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    343                format=seq_get(args, 1),
    344                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
    345                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
    346            ),
    347            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
    348            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    349            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
    350            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    351            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
    352            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    353            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
    354        }
    355
    356        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    357            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    358            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
    359            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    360        }
    361        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    362
    363        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    364
    365        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    366            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    367            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    368            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    369        }
    370
    371        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    372            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    373            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    374                exp.Set,
    375                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    376                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    377                unset=True,
    378            ),
    379            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    380        }
    381
    382        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    383            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    384            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    385        }
    386
    387        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    388            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    389            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
    390        }
    391
    392        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
    393            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
    394            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
    395        }
    396
    397        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    398            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    399            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    400            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    401            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    402            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    403            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    404            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    405            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    406            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    407            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    408            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    409            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    410            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    411            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    412            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    413            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    414            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    415            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    416            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    417        }
    418
    419        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    420            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    421            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    422            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    423            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    424            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    425        }
    426
    427        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    428            TokenType.DOT,
    429            TokenType.MOD,
    430            TokenType.SLASH,
    431        }
    432
    433        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    434
    435        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
    436
    437        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
    438
    439        LAMBDAS = {
    440            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
    441            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
    442                exp.Lambda,
    443                this=self._replace_lambda(
    444                    self._parse_assignment(),
    445                    expressions,
    446                ),
    447                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
    448            ),
    449        }
    450
    451        def _negate_range(
    452            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    453        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    454            if not this:
    455                return this
    456
    457            query = this.args.get("query")
    458            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
    459                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
    460                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
    461                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
    462                #
    463                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
    464                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
    465                return self.expression(
    466                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
    467                )
    468
    469            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
    470
    471        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    472            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
    473                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    474
    475            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
    476                policy = self._parse_column()
    477                return self.expression(
    478                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
    479                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
    480                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
    481                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    482                )
    483            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
    484                policy = self._parse_column()
    485                return self.expression(
    486                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
    487                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
    488                )
    489            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
    490                return self.expression(
    491                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
    492                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
    493                )
    494
    495            return None
    496
    497        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
    498            expression = super()._parse_create()
    499            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
    500                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
    501                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
    502
    503            return expression
    504
    505        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
    506        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
    507        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    508            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
    509
    510            if not this:
    511                return None
    512
    513            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    514            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    515            this = map_date_part(this)
    516            name = this.name.upper()
    517
    518            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
    519                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
    520                    scale = 10**3
    521                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
    522                    scale = 10**6
    523                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
    524                    scale = 10**9
    525                else:
    526                    scale = None
    527
    528                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    529                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    530
    531                if scale:
    532                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    533
    534                return to_unix
    535
    536            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    537
    538        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    539            if is_map:
    540                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    541                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    542                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    543                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    544
    545            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
    546
    547        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    548            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    549            if not lateral:
    550                return lateral
    551
    552            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    553                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    554                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    555                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    556                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    557                elif not table_alias:
    558                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    559
    560            return lateral
    561
    562        def _parse_table_parts(
    563            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    564        ) -> exp.Table:
    565            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    566            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    567                table = self._parse_string()
    568            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    569                table = self._parse_location_path()
    570            else:
    571                table = None
    572
    573            if table:
    574                file_format = None
    575                pattern = None
    576
    577                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    578                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    579                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    580                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    581                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    582                        )
    583                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    584                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    585                    else:
    586                        break
    587
    588                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    589
    590                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    591            else:
    592                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    593
    594            return table
    595
    596        def _parse_id_var(
    597            self,
    598            any_token: bool = True,
    599            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    600        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    601            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    602                identifier = (
    603                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    604                    or self._parse_string()
    605                )
    606                self._match_r_paren()
    607                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    608
    609            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    610
    611        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    612            scope = None
    613            scope_kind = None
    614
    615            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    616            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    617            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    618
    619            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    620
    621            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    622
    623            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    624                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    625                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    626                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    627                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    628                    if self._curr:
    629                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    630                elif self._curr:
    631                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
    632                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    633
    634            return self.expression(
    635                exp.Show,
    636                **{
    637                    "terse": terse,
    638                    "this": this,
    639                    "history": history,
    640                    "like": like,
    641                    "scope": scope,
    642                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    643                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    644                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    645                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    646                },
    647            )
    648
    649        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    650            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    651            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    652
    653        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    654            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    655            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    656
    657        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    658            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
    659            return (
    660                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
    661                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
    662                else self._parse_table_parts()
    663            )
    664
    665        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    666            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    667
    668            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    669            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
    670            # in case of subqueries
    671            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
    672                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
    673            ):
    674                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    675
    676            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    677
    678        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    679            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
    680
    681            if not this:
    682                return this
    683
    684            typ = self._parse_types()
    685
    686            if typ:
    687                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
    688
    689            return this

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = 'BERNOULLI'
COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _build_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'DATEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'DIV0': <function _build_if_from_div0>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'MEDIAN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _build_if_from_nullifzero>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _build_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_PARSE_JSON': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _build_if_from_zeroifnull>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EMPTY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STREAMING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
TYPE_CONVERTERS = {<Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: <function build_default_decimal_type.<locals>._builder>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'MASKING': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PROJECTION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TAG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SCHEMA_KINDS = {'OBJECTS', 'TABLES', 'IMPORTED KEYS', 'UNIQUE KEYS', 'SEQUENCES', 'VIEWS'}
NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {'STORAGE INTEGRATION', 'WAREHOUSE', 'TAG', 'STREAMLIT'}
LAMBDAS = {<TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    691    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    692        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    693        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    694        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    695        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    696        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
    697
    698        KEYWORDS = {
    699            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    700            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    701            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    702            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    703            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    704            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    705            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    706            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    707            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    708            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    709            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    710            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    711            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    712            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    713            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    714            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    715            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    716            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
    717            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
    718            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    719            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    720            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
    721            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
    722        }
    723        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    724
    725        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    726            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    727            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    728        }
    729
    730        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    731
    732        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
NESTED_COMMENTS = False
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_CONDITION': <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'STORAGE INTEGRATION': <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, 'TAG': <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'WAREHOUSE': <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, 'STREAMLIT': <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  QUOTES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

     734    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     735        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     736        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     737        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     738        JOIN_HINTS = False
     739        TABLE_HINTS = False
     740        QUERY_HINTS = False
     741        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     742        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     743        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     744        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     745        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     746        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     747        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     748        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     749        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     750        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     751        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     752        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     753        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     754
     755        TRANSFORMS = {
     756            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     757            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     758            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     759            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     760            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     761            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
     762            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
     763            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     764                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
     765            ),
     766            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
     767            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
     768            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
     769            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     770            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     771            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
     772            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
     773            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
     774            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
     775            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
     776            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     777                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
     778            ),
     779            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
     780                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
     781            ),
     782            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
     783            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
     784            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
     785            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
     786                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
     787            ),
     788            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
     789            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
     790            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
     791            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
     792            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     793            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     794            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     795            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
     796                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
     797            ),
     798            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     799            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
     800                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     801            ),
     802            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
     803                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
     804            ),
     805            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
     806            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
     807            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
     808            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     809                [
     810                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     811                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
     812                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     813                    _unnest_generate_date_array,
     814                ]
     815            ),
     816            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     817            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     818            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
     819            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
     820                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
     821            ),
     822            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_TIMESTAMP", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
     823            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
     824            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
     825            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     826                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
     827            ),
     828            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
     829            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     830            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
     831                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
     832            ),
     833            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
     834            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
     835            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
     836            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
     837            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
     838            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
     839            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
     840                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
     841            ),
     842            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
     843            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
     844            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
     845            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
     846        }
     847
     848        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
     849            exp.JSONPathKey,
     850            exp.JSONPathRoot,
     851            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
     852        }
     853
     854        TYPE_MAPPING = {
     855            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
     856            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
     857            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
     858        }
     859
     860        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
     861            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
     862            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     863            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
     864        }
     865
     866        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
     867            exp.Map,
     868            exp.StarMap,
     869            exp.Struct,
     870            exp.VarMap,
     871        }
     872
     873        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
     874            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
     875
     876        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
     877            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
     878                values_as_table = False
     879
     880            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
     881
     882        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
     883            expressions = expression.expressions
     884            if (
     885                expressions
     886                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
     887                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
     888            ):
     889                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
     890                return "OBJECT"
     891
     892            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
     893
     894        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
     895            return self.func(
     896                "TO_NUMBER",
     897                expression.this,
     898                expression.args.get("format"),
     899                expression.args.get("precision"),
     900                expression.args.get("scale"),
     901            )
     902
     903        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
     904            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
     905            if milli is not None:
     906                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
     907                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
     908
     909            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
     910
     911        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
     912            value = expression.this
     913
     914            if value.type is None:
     915                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     916
     917                value = annotate_types(value)
     918
     919            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
     920                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
     921
     922            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
     923            return self.cast_sql(expression)
     924
     925        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
     926            if not expression.expression:
     927                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
     928
     929            return super().log_sql(expression)
     930
     931        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
     932            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     933            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
     934
     935            columns = [
     936                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
     937                exp.to_identifier("key"),
     938                exp.to_identifier("path"),
     939                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
     940                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
     941                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
     942                exp.to_identifier("this"),
     943            ]
     944
     945            if unnest_alias:
     946                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
     947            else:
     948                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
     949
     950            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
     951            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
     952            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
     953            return f"{explode}{alias}"
     954
     955        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
     956            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
     957            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
     958            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
     959            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
     960
     961            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
     962            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
     963
     964            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
     965            if scope_kind:
     966                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
     967
     968            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
     969            if starts_with:
     970                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
     971
     972            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
     973
     974            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
     975            if from_:
     976                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
     977
     978            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
     979
     980        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
     981            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     982            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     983            group = expression.args.get("group")
     984            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
     985            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
     986            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
     987
     988            return self.func(
     989                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
     990                expression.this,
     991                expression.expression,
     992                position,
     993                occurrence,
     994                parameters,
     995                group,
     996            )
     997
     998        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
     999            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1000                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1001            return super().except_op(expression)
    1002
    1003        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    1004            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1005                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1006            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    1007
    1008        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1009            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1010            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1011            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1012            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1013            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1014            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1015            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1016
    1017        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1018            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1019        ) -> str:
    1020            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1021            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1022            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1023            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1024            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1025
    1026        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1027            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1028            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    1029
    1030        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1031            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1032
    1033        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1034            keys = []
    1035            values = []
    1036
    1037            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1038                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1039                    keys.append(
    1040                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1041                    )
    1042                    values.append(e.expression)
    1043                else:
    1044                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1045                    values.append(e)
    1046
    1047            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1048
    1049        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1050            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
    1051                self.unsupported(
    1052                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
    1053                )
    1054
    1055            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1056
    1057        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1058            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1059            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1060            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1061            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1062            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1063            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1064            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1065            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1066
    1067            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
STAR_EXCEPT = 'EXCLUDE'
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TagColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>: 'OBJECT', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'OBJECT'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>}
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    873        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    874            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")

def values_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str: View Source

    876        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    877            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    878                values_as_table = False
    879
    880            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str: View Source

    882        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    883            expressions = expression.expressions
    884            if (
    885                expressions
    886                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    887                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    888            ):
    889                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    890                return "OBJECT"
    891
    892            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

def tonumber_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber) -> str: View Source

    894        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    895            return self.func(
    896                "TO_NUMBER",
    897                expression.this,
    898                expression.args.get("format"),
    899                expression.args.get("precision"),
    900                expression.args.get("scale"),
    901            )

def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str: View Source

    903        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    904            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    905            if milli is not None:
    906                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    907                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    908
    909            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    911        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    912            value = expression.this
    913
    914            if value.type is None:
    915                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    916
    917                value = annotate_types(value)
    918
    919            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    920                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    921
    922            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    923            return self.cast_sql(expression)

def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str: View Source

    925        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    926            if not expression.expression:
    927                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    928
    929            return super().log_sql(expression)

def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    931        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    932            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    933            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    934
    935            columns = [
    936                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    937                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    938                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    939                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    940                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    941                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    942                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    943            ]
    944
    945            if unnest_alias:
    946                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    947            else:
    948                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    949
    950            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    951            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    952            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    953            return f"{explode}{alias}"

def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str: View Source

    955        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    956            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    957            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    958            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    959            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    960
    961            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    962            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    963
    964            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    965            if scope_kind:
    966                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    967
    968            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    969            if starts_with:
    970                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    971
    972            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    973
    974            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    975            if from_:
    976                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    977
    978            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"

def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract) -> str: View Source

    980        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    981            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    982            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    983            group = expression.args.get("group")
    984            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    985            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    986            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    987
    988            return self.func(
    989                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    990                expression.this,
    991                expression.expression,
    992                position,
    993                occurrence,
    994                parameters,
    995                group,
    996            )

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

     998        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
     999            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1000                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1001            return super().except_op(expression)

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    1003        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    1004            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    1005                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    1006            return super().intersect_op(expression)

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    1008        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1009            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1010            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1011            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1012            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1013            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1014            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1015            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    1017        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1018            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1019        ) -> str:
    1020            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1021            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1022            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1023            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1024            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

def swaptable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable) -> str: View Source

    1026        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    1027            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    1028            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"

def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str: View Source

    1030        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1031            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    1033        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1034            keys = []
    1035            values = []
    1036
    1037            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1038                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1039                    keys.append(
    1040                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1041                    )
    1042                    values.append(e.expression)
    1043                else:
    1044                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1045                    values.append(e)
    1046
    1047            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))

def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile) -> str: View Source

    1049        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1050            if expression.args.get("weight") or expression.args.get("accuracy"):
    1051                self.unsupported(
    1052                    "APPROX_PERCENTILE with weight and/or accuracy arguments are not supported in Snowflake"
    1053                )
    1054
    1055            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))

def alterset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AlterSet) -> str: View Source

    1057        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1058            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1059            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1060            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1061            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1062            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1063            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1064            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1065            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1066
    1067            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False
SUPPORTS_NULLABLE_TYPES = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  EXPLICIT_SET_OP
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  HEX_FUNC
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
  PARSE_JSON_NAME
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  set_operations
  union_sql
  union_op
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  bracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  renametable_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  alter_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  try_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql
  datadeletionproperty_sql
  maskingpolicycolumnconstraint_sql
  gapfill_sql
  scope_resolution
  scoperesolution_sql
  parsejson_sql
  rand_sql
  changes_sql
  pad_sql
  summarize_sql
  explodinggenerateseries_sql
  arrayconcat_sql
  converttimezone_sql