sqlglot.dialects.bigquery API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import logging
      4import re
      5import typing as t
      6
      7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      8from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      9    Dialect,
     10    NormalizationStrategy,
     11    arg_max_or_min_no_count,
     12    binary_from_function,
     13    date_add_interval_sql,
     14    datestrtodate_sql,
     15    build_formatted_time,
     16    filter_array_using_unnest,
     17    if_sql,
     18    inline_array_unless_query,
     19    max_or_greatest,
     20    min_or_least,
     21    no_ilike_sql,
     22    build_date_delta_with_interval,
     23    regexp_replace_sql,
     24    rename_func,
     25    sha256_sql,
     26    timestrtotime_sql,
     27    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
     28    unit_to_var,
     29)
     30from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
     31from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     32
     33if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     34    from sqlglot._typing import E, Lit
     35
     36logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
     37
     38
     39def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
     40    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
     41        return self.values_sql(expression)
     42
     43    structs = []
     44    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     45    for tup in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple):
     46        field_aliases = (
     47            alias.columns
     48            if alias and alias.columns
     49            else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(tup.expressions)))
     50        )
     51        expressions = [
     52            exp.PropertyEQ(this=exp.to_identifier(name), expression=fld)
     53            for name, fld in zip(field_aliases, tup.expressions)
     54        ]
     55        structs.append(exp.Struct(expressions=expressions))
     56
     57    # Due to `UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY`, it is expected that the table alias be contained in the columns expression
     58    alias_name_only = exp.TableAlias(columns=[alias.this]) if alias else None
     59    return self.unnest_sql(
     60        exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.array(*structs, copy=False)], alias=alias_name_only)
     61    )
     62
     63
     64def _returnsproperty_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
     65    this = expression.this
     66    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
     67        this = f"{self.sql(this, 'this')} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
     68    else:
     69        this = self.sql(this)
     70    return f"RETURNS {this}"
     71
     72
     73def _create_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
     74    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
     75    if expression.kind == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
     76        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
     77
     78        if isinstance(expression.expression, (exp.Subquery, exp.Literal)):
     79            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
     80
     81    return self.create_sql(expression)
     82
     83
     84# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
     85# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
     86# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
     87# SELECT y + 1 z
     88# FROM x
     89# GROUP BY x + 1
     90# ORDER by z
     91def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     92    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
     93        group = expression.args.get("group")
     94        order = expression.args.get("order")
     95
     96        if group and order:
     97            aliases = {
     98                select.this: select.args["alias"]
     99                for select in expression.selects
    100                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
    101            }
    102
    103            for grouped in group.expressions:
    104                if grouped.is_int:
    105                    continue
    106                alias = aliases.get(grouped)
    107                if alias:
    108                    grouped.replace(exp.column(alias))
    109
    110    return expression
    111
    112
    113def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    114    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
    115    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
    116        cte_query = expression.this
    117
    118        if cte_query.is_star:
    119            logger.warning(
    120                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
    121                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
    122            )
    123            return expression
    124
    125        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
    126        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
    127
    128        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
    129            to_replace = select
    130
    131            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
    132                select = select.this
    133
    134            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
    135            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
    136
    137    return expression
    138
    139
    140def _build_parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
    141    this = build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
    142    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
    143    return this
    144
    145
    146def _build_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.Timestamp:
    147    timestamp = exp.Timestamp.from_arg_list(args)
    148    timestamp.set("with_tz", True)
    149    return timestamp
    150
    151
    152def _build_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
    153    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
    154    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
    155
    156
    157def _build_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
    158    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
    159    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
    160    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.LowerHex(this=arg)
    161
    162
    163def _array_contains_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ArrayContains) -> str:
    164    return self.sql(
    165        exp.Exists(
    166            this=exp.select("1")
    167            .from_(exp.Unnest(expressions=[expression.left]).as_("_unnest", table=["_col"]))
    168            .where(exp.column("_col").eq(expression.right))
    169        )
    170    )
    171
    172
    173def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
    174    return date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD")(self, ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression))
    175
    176
    177def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
    178    expression.this.replace(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP))
    179    expression.expression.replace(exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP))
    180    unit = unit_to_var(expression)
    181    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", expression.this, expression.expression, unit)
    182
    183
    184def _unix_to_time_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    185    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    186    timestamp = expression.this
    187
    188    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    189        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_SECONDS", timestamp)
    190    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
    191        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_MILLIS", timestamp)
    192    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
    193        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_MICROS", timestamp)
    194
    195    unix_seconds = exp.cast(
    196        exp.Div(this=timestamp, expression=exp.func("POW", 10, scale)), exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT
    197    )
    198    return self.func("TIMESTAMP_SECONDS", unix_seconds)
    199
    200
    201def _build_time(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
    202    if len(args) == 1:
    203        return exp.TsOrDsToTime(this=args[0])
    204    if len(args) == 2:
    205        return exp.Time.from_arg_list(args)
    206    return exp.TimeFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
    207
    208
    209def _build_datetime(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
    210    if len(args) == 1:
    211        return exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp.from_arg_list(args)
    212    if len(args) == 2:
    213        return exp.Datetime.from_arg_list(args)
    214    return exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
    215
    216
    217def _str_to_datetime_sql(
    218    self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime
    219) -> str:
    220    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    221    dtype = "DATE" if isinstance(expression, exp.StrToDate) else "TIMESTAMP"
    222
    223    if expression.args.get("safe"):
    224        fmt = self.format_time(
    225            expression,
    226            self.dialect.INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING,
    227            self.dialect.INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE,
    228        )
    229        return f"SAFE_CAST({this} AS {dtype} FORMAT {fmt})"
    230
    231    fmt = self.format_time(expression)
    232    return self.func(f"PARSE_{dtype}", fmt, this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    233
    234
    235class BigQuery(Dialect):
    236    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
    237    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    238    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    239    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    240    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    241    HEX_LOWERCASE = True
    242    FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True
    243    EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY = True
    244
    245    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    246    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    247
    248    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    249    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    250
    251    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_elements_date_time
    252    TIME_MAPPING = {
    253        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    254        "%E6S": "%S.%f",
    255        "%e": "%-d",
    256    }
    257
    258    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    259        "DD": "%d",
    260        "MM": "%m",
    261        "MON": "%b",
    262        "MONTH": "%B",
    263        "YYYY": "%Y",
    264        "YY": "%y",
    265        "HH": "%I",
    266        "HH12": "%I",
    267        "HH24": "%H",
    268        "MI": "%M",
    269        "SS": "%S",
    270        "SSSSS": "%f",
    271        "TZH": "%z",
    272    }
    273
    274    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    275    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    276    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    277
    278    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
    279        if (
    280            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    281            and self.normalization_strategy is not NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
    282        ):
    283            parent = expression.parent
    284            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    285                parent = parent.parent
    286
    287            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
    288            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
    289            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
    290            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
    291            case_sensitive = (
    292                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    293                or (
    294                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
    295                    and parent.db
    296                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
    297                )
    298                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
    299            )
    300            if not case_sensitive:
    301                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    302
    303        return expression
    304
    305    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    306        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    307        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    308        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    309        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    310
    311        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    312
    313        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    314            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    315        ]
    316
    317        RAW_STRINGS = [
    318            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    319        ]
    320
    321        KEYWORDS = {
    322            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    323            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    324            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    325            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    326            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    327            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    328            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    329            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    330            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    331            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
    332            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    333            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    334            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    335            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    336            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    337            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    338            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    339        }
    340        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    341        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
    342        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    343
    344    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    345        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    346        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    347        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
    348
    349        FUNCTIONS = {
    350            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    351            "DATE": _build_date,
    352            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    353            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    354            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    355                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    356                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    357            ),
    358            "DATETIME": _build_datetime,
    359            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    360            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    361            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    362            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    363                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    364            ),
    365            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    366            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
    367                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
    368            ),
    369            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    370            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    371            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
    372            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    373                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    374            ),
    375            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
    376            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    377            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    378                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    379                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    380                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    381                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    382                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
    383            ),
    384            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    385            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    386            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    387                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    388                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    389                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    390            ),
    391            "TIME": _build_time,
    392            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    393            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    394            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
    395            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    396            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    397            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    398                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
    399            ),
    400            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    401                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
    402            ),
    403            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    404            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    405            "FORMAT_DATETIME": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    406                this=exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    407            ),
    408        }
    409
    410        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    411            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    412            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    413        }
    414        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    415
    416        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    417            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    418            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    419        }
    420
    421        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    422            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    423            TokenType.TABLE,
    424        }
    425
    426        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    427            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    428            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    429                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    430            ),
    431            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    432        }
    433
    434        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    435            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    436            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    437        }
    438
    439        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    440        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
    441
    442        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    443
    444        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    445            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    446            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    447            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    448            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
    449        }
    450
    451        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
    452            "OFFSET": (0, False),
    453            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
    454            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
    455            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
    456        }
    457
    458        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
    459            this = self._parse_range()
    460            self._match_text_seq("DO")
    461            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
    462
    463        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    464            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    465
    466            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    467            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    468                table_name = this.name
    469                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    470                    text = ""
    471                    while self._curr and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
    472                        self._advance()
    473                        text += self._prev.text
    474                    table_name += text
    475
    476                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    477            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    478                table_name = this.name
    479
    480                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
    481                    table_name += self._prev.text
    482
    483                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    484
    485            return this
    486
    487        def _parse_table_parts(
    488            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    489        ) -> exp.Table:
    490            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
    491                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
    492            )
    493
    494            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
    495            if not table.catalog:
    496                if table.db:
    497                    parts = table.db.split(".")
    498                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
    499                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    500                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    501                else:
    502                    parts = table.name.split(".")
    503                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
    504                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    505                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    506
    507            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
    508                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    509                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    510                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
    511                )
    512
    513                if rest and this:
    514                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    515
    516                table = exp.Table(
    517                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
    518                )
    519                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
    520
    521            return table
    522
    523        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    524            column = super()._parse_column()
    525            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
    526                parts = column.parts
    527                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
    528                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
    529                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    530                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
    531                    )
    532
    533                    if rest and this:
    534                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    535
    536                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    537                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
    538
    539            return column
    540
    541        @t.overload
    542        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
    543
    544        @t.overload
    545        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
    546
    547        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
    548            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    549            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    550
    551            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    552            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    553            if (
    554                array_kv_pair
    555                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    556                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    557            ):
    558                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    559                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    560
    561                json_object.set(
    562                    "expressions",
    563                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    564                )
    565
    566            return json_object
    567
    568        def _parse_bracket(
    569            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    570        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    571            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
    572
    573            if this is bracket:
    574                return bracket
    575
    576            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
    577                for expression in bracket.expressions:
    578                    name = expression.name.upper()
    579
    580                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
    581                        break
    582
    583                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
    584                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
    585                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
    586                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
    587
    588            return bracket
    589
    590        def _parse_unnest(self, with_alias: bool = True) -> t.Optional[exp.Unnest]:
    591            unnest = super()._parse_unnest(with_alias=with_alias)
    592
    593            if not unnest:
    594                return None
    595
    596            unnest_expr = seq_get(unnest.expressions, 0)
    597            if unnest_expr:
    598                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    599
    600                unnest_expr = annotate_types(unnest_expr)
    601
    602                # Unnesting a nested array (i.e array of structs) explodes the top-level struct fields,
    603                # in contrast to other dialects such as DuckDB which flattens only the array by default
    604                if unnest_expr.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY) and any(
    605                    array_elem.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
    606                    for array_elem in unnest_expr._type.expressions
    607                ):
    608                    unnest.set("explode_array", True)
    609
    610            return unnest
    611
    612    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    613        EXPLICIT_SET_OP = True
    614        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    615        JOIN_HINTS = False
    616        QUERY_HINTS = False
    617        TABLE_HINTS = False
    618        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    619        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    620        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    621        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    622        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    623        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    624        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
    625        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
    626        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    627        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
    628        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
    629        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    630        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
    631        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    632        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
    633        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    634        WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = "OPTIONS"
    635        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
    636
    637        TRANSFORMS = {
    638            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    639            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    640            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    641            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    642            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
    643            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
    644            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
    645            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    646            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    647            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
    648                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    649                if e.args.get("default")
    650                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    651            ),
    652            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
    653            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
    654            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    655            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    656            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    657            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    658                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
    659            ),
    660            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    661            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    662            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    663            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    664            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    665            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    666            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    667                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
    668            ),
    669            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    670            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    671            exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))),
    672            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    673            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    674            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    675            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    676            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    677            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    678            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    679            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    680            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    681            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    682                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    683                e.this,
    684                e.expression,
    685                e.args.get("position"),
    686                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    687            ),
    688            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    689            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    690            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    691            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
    692            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    693                [
    694                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    695                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
    696                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    697                    _alias_ordered_group,
    698                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    699                ]
    700            ),
    701            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    702            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    703            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
    704                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
    705            ),
    706            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_datetime_sql,
    707            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_datetime_sql,
    708            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    709            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
    710            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("DATETIME"),
    711            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    712            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    713            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
    714            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    715            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    716            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
    717            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    718            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    719            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    720            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
    721            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: rename_func("DATETIME"),
    722            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    723            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
    724            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    725            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    726            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    727        }
    728
    729        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    730            exp.JSONPathKey,
    731            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    732            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    733        }
    734
    735        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    736            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    737            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    738            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    739            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    740            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    741            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    742            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    743            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    744            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    745            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    746            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    747            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    748            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    749            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    750            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    751            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    752            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    753            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    754            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    755            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
    756            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    757            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    758        }
    759
    760        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    761            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    762            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    763            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    764        }
    765
    766        # WINDOW comes after QUALIFY
    767        # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#window_clause
    768        AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {
    769            "qualify": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["qualify"],
    770            "windows": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["windows"],
    771        }
    772
    773        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    774        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    775            "all",
    776            "and",
    777            "any",
    778            "array",
    779            "as",
    780            "asc",
    781            "assert_rows_modified",
    782            "at",
    783            "between",
    784            "by",
    785            "case",
    786            "cast",
    787            "collate",
    788            "contains",
    789            "create",
    790            "cross",
    791            "cube",
    792            "current",
    793            "default",
    794            "define",
    795            "desc",
    796            "distinct",
    797            "else",
    798            "end",
    799            "enum",
    800            "escape",
    801            "except",
    802            "exclude",
    803            "exists",
    804            "extract",
    805            "false",
    806            "fetch",
    807            "following",
    808            "for",
    809            "from",
    810            "full",
    811            "group",
    812            "grouping",
    813            "groups",
    814            "hash",
    815            "having",
    816            "if",
    817            "ignore",
    818            "in",
    819            "inner",
    820            "intersect",
    821            "interval",
    822            "into",
    823            "is",
    824            "join",
    825            "lateral",
    826            "left",
    827            "like",
    828            "limit",
    829            "lookup",
    830            "merge",
    831            "natural",
    832            "new",
    833            "no",
    834            "not",
    835            "null",
    836            "nulls",
    837            "of",
    838            "on",
    839            "or",
    840            "order",
    841            "outer",
    842            "over",
    843            "partition",
    844            "preceding",
    845            "proto",
    846            "qualify",
    847            "range",
    848            "recursive",
    849            "respect",
    850            "right",
    851            "rollup",
    852            "rows",
    853            "select",
    854            "set",
    855            "some",
    856            "struct",
    857            "tablesample",
    858            "then",
    859            "to",
    860            "treat",
    861            "true",
    862            "unbounded",
    863            "union",
    864            "unnest",
    865            "using",
    866            "when",
    867            "where",
    868            "window",
    869            "with",
    870            "within",
    871        }
    872
    873        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
    874            this = expression.this
    875            expr = expression.expression
    876            return self.func(
    877                "MOD",
    878                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
    879                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
    880            )
    881
    882        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    883            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    884                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    885                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    886                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    887                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    888                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    889
    890            return super().column_parts(expression)
    891
    892        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    893            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    894            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    895            #
    896            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    897            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    898            #
    899            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    900            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    901            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    902                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    903                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    904
    905            return super().table_parts(expression)
    906
    907        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    908            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    909                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    910            else:
    911                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    912            this = (
    913                expression.this
    914                if isinstance(expression.this, (exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    915                else expression
    916            )
    917            return self.func(func_name, self.format_time(expression), this.this)
    918
    919        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    920            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    921            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    922                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    923                    return "NULL"
    924
    925            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    926
    927        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    928            parent = expression.parent
    929
    930            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    931            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    932            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    933                return self.func(
    934                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    935                )
    936
    937            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    938
    939        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    940            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    941
    942        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    943            this = expression.this
    944            expressions = expression.expressions
    945
    946            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    947                arg = expressions[0]
    948                if arg.type is None:
    949                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    950
    951                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    952
    953                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    954                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    955                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    956
    957            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    958            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    959
    960            if offset == 0:
    961                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    962            elif offset == 1:
    963                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    964            elif offset is not None:
    965                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    966
    967            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    968                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    969
    970            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    971
    972        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    973            return self.sql(expression)
    974
    975        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    976            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    977                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    978            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    979
    980        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    981            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    982                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    983            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    984
    985        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    986            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    987                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    988            return super().version_sql(expression)

logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    236class BigQuery(Dialect):
    237    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
    238    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    239    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    240    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    241    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    242    HEX_LOWERCASE = True
    243    FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True
    244    EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY = True
    245
    246    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    247    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    248
    249    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    250    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    251
    252    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_elements_date_time
    253    TIME_MAPPING = {
    254        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    255        "%E6S": "%S.%f",
    256        "%e": "%-d",
    257    }
    258
    259    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    260        "DD": "%d",
    261        "MM": "%m",
    262        "MON": "%b",
    263        "MONTH": "%B",
    264        "YYYY": "%Y",
    265        "YY": "%y",
    266        "HH": "%I",
    267        "HH12": "%I",
    268        "HH24": "%H",
    269        "MI": "%M",
    270        "SS": "%S",
    271        "SSSSS": "%f",
    272        "TZH": "%z",
    273    }
    274
    275    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    276    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    277    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    278
    279    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
    280        if (
    281            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    282            and self.normalization_strategy is not NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
    283        ):
    284            parent = expression.parent
    285            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    286                parent = parent.parent
    287
    288            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
    289            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
    290            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
    291            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
    292            case_sensitive = (
    293                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    294                or (
    295                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
    296                    and parent.db
    297                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
    298                )
    299                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
    300            )
    301            if not case_sensitive:
    302                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    303
    304        return expression
    305
    306    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    307        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    308        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    309        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    310        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    311
    312        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    313
    314        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    315            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    316        ]
    317
    318        RAW_STRINGS = [
    319            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    320        ]
    321
    322        KEYWORDS = {
    323            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    324            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    325            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    326            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    327            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    328            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    329            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    330            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    331            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    332            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
    333            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    334            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    335            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    336            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    337            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    338            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    339            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    340        }
    341        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    342        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
    343        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    344
    345    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    346        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    347        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    348        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
    349
    350        FUNCTIONS = {
    351            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    352            "DATE": _build_date,
    353            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    354            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    355            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    356                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    357                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    358            ),
    359            "DATETIME": _build_datetime,
    360            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    361            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    362            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    363            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    364                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    365            ),
    366            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    367            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
    368                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
    369            ),
    370            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    371            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    372            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
    373            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    374                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    375            ),
    376            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
    377            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    378            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    379                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    380                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    381                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    382                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    383                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
    384            ),
    385            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    386            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    387            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    388                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    389                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    390                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    391            ),
    392            "TIME": _build_time,
    393            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    394            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    395            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
    396            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    397            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    398            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    399                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
    400            ),
    401            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    402                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
    403            ),
    404            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    405            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    406            "FORMAT_DATETIME": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    407                this=exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    408            ),
    409        }
    410
    411        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    412            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    413            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    414        }
    415        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    416
    417        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    418            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    419            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    420        }
    421
    422        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    423            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    424            TokenType.TABLE,
    425        }
    426
    427        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    428            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    429            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    430                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    431            ),
    432            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    433        }
    434
    435        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    436            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    437            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    438        }
    439
    440        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    441        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
    442
    443        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    444
    445        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    446            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    447            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    448            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    449            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
    450        }
    451
    452        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
    453            "OFFSET": (0, False),
    454            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
    455            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
    456            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
    457        }
    458
    459        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
    460            this = self._parse_range()
    461            self._match_text_seq("DO")
    462            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
    463
    464        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    465            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    466
    467            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    468            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    469                table_name = this.name
    470                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    471                    text = ""
    472                    while self._curr and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
    473                        self._advance()
    474                        text += self._prev.text
    475                    table_name += text
    476
    477                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    478            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    479                table_name = this.name
    480
    481                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
    482                    table_name += self._prev.text
    483
    484                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    485
    486            return this
    487
    488        def _parse_table_parts(
    489            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    490        ) -> exp.Table:
    491            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
    492                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
    493            )
    494
    495            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
    496            if not table.catalog:
    497                if table.db:
    498                    parts = table.db.split(".")
    499                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
    500                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    501                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    502                else:
    503                    parts = table.name.split(".")
    504                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
    505                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    506                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    507
    508            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
    509                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    510                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    511                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
    512                )
    513
    514                if rest and this:
    515                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    516
    517                table = exp.Table(
    518                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
    519                )
    520                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
    521
    522            return table
    523
    524        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    525            column = super()._parse_column()
    526            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
    527                parts = column.parts
    528                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
    529                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
    530                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    531                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
    532                    )
    533
    534                    if rest and this:
    535                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    536
    537                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    538                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
    539
    540            return column
    541
    542        @t.overload
    543        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
    544
    545        @t.overload
    546        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
    547
    548        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
    549            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    550            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    551
    552            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    553            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    554            if (
    555                array_kv_pair
    556                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    557                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    558            ):
    559                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    560                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    561
    562                json_object.set(
    563                    "expressions",
    564                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    565                )
    566
    567            return json_object
    568
    569        def _parse_bracket(
    570            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    571        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    572            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
    573
    574            if this is bracket:
    575                return bracket
    576
    577            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
    578                for expression in bracket.expressions:
    579                    name = expression.name.upper()
    580
    581                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
    582                        break
    583
    584                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
    585                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
    586                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
    587                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
    588
    589            return bracket
    590
    591        def _parse_unnest(self, with_alias: bool = True) -> t.Optional[exp.Unnest]:
    592            unnest = super()._parse_unnest(with_alias=with_alias)
    593
    594            if not unnest:
    595                return None
    596
    597            unnest_expr = seq_get(unnest.expressions, 0)
    598            if unnest_expr:
    599                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    600
    601                unnest_expr = annotate_types(unnest_expr)
    602
    603                # Unnesting a nested array (i.e array of structs) explodes the top-level struct fields,
    604                # in contrast to other dialects such as DuckDB which flattens only the array by default
    605                if unnest_expr.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY) and any(
    606                    array_elem.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
    607                    for array_elem in unnest_expr._type.expressions
    608                ):
    609                    unnest.set("explode_array", True)
    610
    611            return unnest
    612
    613    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    614        EXPLICIT_SET_OP = True
    615        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    616        JOIN_HINTS = False
    617        QUERY_HINTS = False
    618        TABLE_HINTS = False
    619        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    620        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    621        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    622        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    623        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    624        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    625        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
    626        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
    627        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    628        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
    629        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
    630        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    631        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
    632        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    633        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
    634        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    635        WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = "OPTIONS"
    636        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
    637
    638        TRANSFORMS = {
    639            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    640            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    641            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    642            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    643            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
    644            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
    645            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
    646            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    647            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    648            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
    649                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    650                if e.args.get("default")
    651                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    652            ),
    653            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
    654            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
    655            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    656            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    657            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    658            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    659                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
    660            ),
    661            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    662            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    663            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    664            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    665            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    666            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    667            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    668                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
    669            ),
    670            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    671            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    672            exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))),
    673            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    674            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    675            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    676            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    677            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    678            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    679            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    680            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    681            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    682            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    683                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    684                e.this,
    685                e.expression,
    686                e.args.get("position"),
    687                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    688            ),
    689            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    690            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    691            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    692            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
    693            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    694                [
    695                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    696                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
    697                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    698                    _alias_ordered_group,
    699                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    700                ]
    701            ),
    702            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    703            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    704            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
    705                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
    706            ),
    707            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_datetime_sql,
    708            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_datetime_sql,
    709            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    710            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
    711            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("DATETIME"),
    712            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    713            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    714            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
    715            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    716            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    717            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
    718            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    719            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    720            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    721            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
    722            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: rename_func("DATETIME"),
    723            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    724            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
    725            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    726            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    727            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    728        }
    729
    730        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    731            exp.JSONPathKey,
    732            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    733            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    734        }
    735
    736        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    737            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    738            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    739            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    740            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    741            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    742            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    743            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    744            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    745            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    746            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    747            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    748            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    749            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    750            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    751            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    752            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    753            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    754            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    755            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    756            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
    757            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    758            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    759        }
    760
    761        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    762            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    763            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    764            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    765        }
    766
    767        # WINDOW comes after QUALIFY
    768        # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#window_clause
    769        AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {
    770            "qualify": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["qualify"],
    771            "windows": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["windows"],
    772        }
    773
    774        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    775        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    776            "all",
    777            "and",
    778            "any",
    779            "array",
    780            "as",
    781            "asc",
    782            "assert_rows_modified",
    783            "at",
    784            "between",
    785            "by",
    786            "case",
    787            "cast",
    788            "collate",
    789            "contains",
    790            "create",
    791            "cross",
    792            "cube",
    793            "current",
    794            "default",
    795            "define",
    796            "desc",
    797            "distinct",
    798            "else",
    799            "end",
    800            "enum",
    801            "escape",
    802            "except",
    803            "exclude",
    804            "exists",
    805            "extract",
    806            "false",
    807            "fetch",
    808            "following",
    809            "for",
    810            "from",
    811            "full",
    812            "group",
    813            "grouping",
    814            "groups",
    815            "hash",
    816            "having",
    817            "if",
    818            "ignore",
    819            "in",
    820            "inner",
    821            "intersect",
    822            "interval",
    823            "into",
    824            "is",
    825            "join",
    826            "lateral",
    827            "left",
    828            "like",
    829            "limit",
    830            "lookup",
    831            "merge",
    832            "natural",
    833            "new",
    834            "no",
    835            "not",
    836            "null",
    837            "nulls",
    838            "of",
    839            "on",
    840            "or",
    841            "order",
    842            "outer",
    843            "over",
    844            "partition",
    845            "preceding",
    846            "proto",
    847            "qualify",
    848            "range",
    849            "recursive",
    850            "respect",
    851            "right",
    852            "rollup",
    853            "rows",
    854            "select",
    855            "set",
    856            "some",
    857            "struct",
    858            "tablesample",
    859            "then",
    860            "to",
    861            "treat",
    862            "true",
    863            "unbounded",
    864            "union",
    865            "unnest",
    866            "using",
    867            "when",
    868            "where",
    869            "window",
    870            "with",
    871            "within",
    872        }
    873
    874        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
    875            this = expression.this
    876            expr = expression.expression
    877            return self.func(
    878                "MOD",
    879                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
    880                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
    881            )
    882
    883        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    884            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    885                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    886                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    887                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    888                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    889                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    890
    891            return super().column_parts(expression)
    892
    893        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    894            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    895            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    896            #
    897            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    898            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    899            #
    900            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    901            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    902            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    903                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    904                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    905
    906            return super().table_parts(expression)
    907
    908        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    909            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    910                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    911            else:
    912                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    913            this = (
    914                expression.this
    915                if isinstance(expression.this, (exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    916                else expression
    917            )
    918            return self.func(func_name, self.format_time(expression), this.this)
    919
    920        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    921            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    922            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    923                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    924                    return "NULL"
    925
    926            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    927
    928        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    929            parent = expression.parent
    930
    931            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    932            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    933            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    934                return self.func(
    935                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    936                )
    937
    938            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    939
    940        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    941            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    942
    943        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    944            this = expression.this
    945            expressions = expression.expressions
    946
    947            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    948                arg = expressions[0]
    949                if arg.type is None:
    950                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    951
    952                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    953
    954                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    955                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    956                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    957
    958            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    959            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    960
    961            if offset == 0:
    962                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    963            elif offset == 1:
    964                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    965            elif offset is not None:
    966                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    967
    968            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    969                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    970
    971            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    972
    973        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    974            return self.sql(expression)
    975
    976        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    977            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    978                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    979            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    980
    981        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    982            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    983                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    984            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    985
    986        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    987            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    988                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    989            return super().version_sql(expression)

WEEK_OFFSET = -1

First day of the week in DATE_TRUNC(week). Defaults to 0 (Monday). -1 would be Sunday.

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True

Whether `UNNEST` table aliases are treated as column aliases.

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = False

Whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function. Possible values: `True`, `False`, `None` (two arguments are not supported by `LOG`)

HEX_LOWERCASE = True

Whether the `HEX` function returns a lowercase hexadecimal string.

FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True

Whether alias reference expansion (_expand_alias_refs()) should run before column qualification (_qualify_columns()).

###### For example:

> WITH data AS ( SELECT 1 AS id, 2 AS my_id ) SELECT id AS my_id FROM data WHERE my_id = 1 GROUP BY my_id, HAVING my_id = 1

In most dialects "my_id" would refer to "data.my_id" (which is done in _qualify_columns()) across the query, except: - BigQuery, which will forward the alias to GROUP BY + HAVING clauses i.e it resolves to "WHERE my_id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1" - Clickhouse, which will forward the alias across the query i.e it resolves to "WHERE id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1"

EXPAND_ALIAS_REFS_EARLY_ONLY_IN_GROUP_BY = True

Whether alias reference expansion before qualification should only happen for the GROUP BY clause.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False

Determines how function names are going to be normalized.

###### Possible values:

> "upper" or True: Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y', '%E6S': '%S.%f', '%e': '%-d'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}

Helper which is used for parsing the special syntax `CAST(x AS DATE FORMAT 'yyyy')`. If empty, the corresponding trie will be constructed off of `TIME_MAPPING`.

PSEUDOCOLUMNS: Set[str] = {'_PARTITIONTIME', '_PARTITIONDATE'}

Columns that are auto-generated by the engine corresponding to this dialect. For example, such columns may be excluded from `SELECT *` queries.

def normalize_identifier(self, expression: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    279    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
    280        if (
    281            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    282            and self.normalization_strategy is not NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
    283        ):
    284            parent = expression.parent
    285            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    286                parent = parent.parent
    287
    288            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
    289            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
    290            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
    291            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
    292            case_sensitive = (
    293                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    294                or (
    295                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
    296                    and parent.db
    297                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
    298                )
    299                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
    300            )
    301            if not case_sensitive:
    302                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    303
    304        return expression

Transforms an identifier in a way that resembles how it'd be resolved by this dialect.

For example, an identifier like `FoO` would be resolved as `foo` in Postgres, because it lowercases all unquoted identifiers. On the other hand, Snowflake uppercases them, so it would resolve it as `FOO`. If it was quoted, it'd need to be treated as case-sensitive, and so any normalization would be prohibited in order to avoid "breaking" the identifier.

There are also dialects like Spark, which are case-insensitive even when quotes are present, and dialects like MySQL, whose resolution rules match those employed by the underlying operating system, for example they may always be case-sensitive in Linux.

Finally, the normalization behavior of some engines can even be controlled through flags, like in Redshift's case, where users can explicitly set enable_case_sensitive_identifier.

SQLGlot aims to understand and handle all of these different behaviors gracefully, so that it can analyze queries in the optimizer and successfully capture their semantics.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}, 'E': {'6': {'S': {0: True}}}, 'e': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D', '%S.%f': '%E6S', '%-d': '%e'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'.': {'%': {'f': {0: True}}}}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%d': 'DD', '%m': 'MM', '%b': 'MON', '%B': 'MONTH', '%Y': 'YYYY', '%y': 'YY', '%I': 'HH12', '%H': 'HH24', '%M': 'MI', '%S': 'SS', '%f': 'SSSSS', '%z': 'TZH'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'d': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'z': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV
  NULL_ORDERING
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  TIME_FORMAT
  PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
  SUPPORTS_ORDER_BY_ALL
  HAS_DISTINCT_ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  SUPPORTS_FIXED_SIZE_ARRAYS
  CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING
  DATE_PART_MAPPING
  TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS
  ANNOTATORS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  settings
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  jsonpath_tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    306    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    307        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    308        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    309        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    310        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    311
    312        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    313
    314        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    315            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    316        ]
    317
    318        RAW_STRINGS = [
    319            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    320        ]
    321
    322        KEYWORDS = {
    323            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    324            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    325            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    326            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    327            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    328            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    329            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    330            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    331            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    332            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
    333            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    334            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    335            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    336            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    337            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    338            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    339            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    340        }
    341        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    342        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
    343        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")

QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ELSEIF': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXCEPTION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'MODEL': <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  NESTED_COMMENTS
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    345    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    346        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    347        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    348        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
    349
    350        FUNCTIONS = {
    351            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    352            "DATE": _build_date,
    353            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    354            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    355            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    356                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    357                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    358            ),
    359            "DATETIME": _build_datetime,
    360            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    361            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    362            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    363            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    364                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    365            ),
    366            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    367            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
    368                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
    369            ),
    370            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    371            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    372            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
    373            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    374                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    375            ),
    376            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
    377            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    378            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    379                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    380                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    381                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    382                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    383                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
    384            ),
    385            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    386            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    387            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    388                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    389                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    390                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    391            ),
    392            "TIME": _build_time,
    393            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    394            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    395            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
    396            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    397            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    398            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    399                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
    400            ),
    401            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    402                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
    403            ),
    404            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    405            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    406            "FORMAT_DATETIME": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    407                this=exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    408            ),
    409        }
    410
    411        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    412            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    413            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    414        }
    415        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    416
    417        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    418            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    419            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    420        }
    421
    422        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    423            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    424            TokenType.TABLE,
    425        }
    426
    427        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    428            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    429            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    430                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    431            ),
    432            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    433        }
    434
    435        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    436            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    437            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    438        }
    439
    440        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    441        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
    442
    443        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    444
    445        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    446            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    447            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    448            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    449            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
    450        }
    451
    452        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
    453            "OFFSET": (0, False),
    454            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
    455            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
    456            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
    457        }
    458
    459        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
    460            this = self._parse_range()
    461            self._match_text_seq("DO")
    462            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
    463
    464        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    465            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    466
    467            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    468            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    469                table_name = this.name
    470                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    471                    text = ""
    472                    while self._curr and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
    473                        self._advance()
    474                        text += self._prev.text
    475                    table_name += text
    476
    477                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    478            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    479                table_name = this.name
    480
    481                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
    482                    table_name += self._prev.text
    483
    484                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    485
    486            return this
    487
    488        def _parse_table_parts(
    489            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    490        ) -> exp.Table:
    491            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
    492                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
    493            )
    494
    495            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
    496            if not table.catalog:
    497                if table.db:
    498                    parts = table.db.split(".")
    499                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
    500                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    501                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    502                else:
    503                    parts = table.name.split(".")
    504                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
    505                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    506                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    507
    508            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
    509                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    510                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    511                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
    512                )
    513
    514                if rest and this:
    515                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    516
    517                table = exp.Table(
    518                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
    519                )
    520                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
    521
    522            return table
    523
    524        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    525            column = super()._parse_column()
    526            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
    527                parts = column.parts
    528                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
    529                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
    530                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    531                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
    532                    )
    533
    534                    if rest and this:
    535                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    536
    537                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    538                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
    539
    540            return column
    541
    542        @t.overload
    543        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
    544
    545        @t.overload
    546        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
    547
    548        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
    549            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    550            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    551
    552            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    553            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    554            if (
    555                array_kv_pair
    556                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    557                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    558            ):
    559                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    560                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    561
    562                json_object.set(
    563                    "expressions",
    564                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    565                )
    566
    567            return json_object
    568
    569        def _parse_bracket(
    570            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    571        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    572            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
    573
    574            if this is bracket:
    575                return bracket
    576
    577            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
    578                for expression in bracket.expressions:
    579                    name = expression.name.upper()
    580
    581                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
    582                        break
    583
    584                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
    585                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
    586                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
    587                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
    588
    589            return bracket
    590
    591        def _parse_unnest(self, with_alias: bool = True) -> t.Optional[exp.Unnest]:
    592            unnest = super()._parse_unnest(with_alias=with_alias)
    593
    594            if not unnest:
    595                return None
    596
    597            unnest_expr = seq_get(unnest.expressions, 0)
    598            if unnest_expr:
    599                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    600
    601                unnest_expr = annotate_types(unnest_expr)
    602
    603                # Unnesting a nested array (i.e array of structs) explodes the top-level struct fields,
    604                # in contrast to other dialects such as DuckDB which flattens only the array by default
    605                if unnest_expr.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY) and any(
    606                    array_elem.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
    607                    for array_elem in unnest_expr._type.expressions
    608                ):
    609                    unnest.set("explode_array", True)
    610
    611            return unnest

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME': <function _build_datetime>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <function _build_time>, 'TIME_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <function _build_timestamp>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _build_to_hex>, 'DIV': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SHA256': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_MICROS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_MILLIS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SECONDS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'FORMAT_DATETIME': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EMPTY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STREAMING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
NULL_TOKENS = {<TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
BRACKET_OFFSETS = {'OFFSET': (0, False), 'ORDINAL': (1, False), 'SAFE_OFFSET': (0, True), 'SAFE_ORDINAL': (1, True)}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  STRICT_CAST
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    613    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    614        EXPLICIT_SET_OP = True
    615        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    616        JOIN_HINTS = False
    617        QUERY_HINTS = False
    618        TABLE_HINTS = False
    619        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    620        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    621        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    622        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    623        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    624        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    625        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
    626        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
    627        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    628        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
    629        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
    630        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    631        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
    632        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    633        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
    634        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    635        WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = "OPTIONS"
    636        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
    637
    638        TRANSFORMS = {
    639            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    640            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    641            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    642            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    643            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
    644            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
    645            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
    646            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    647            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    648            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
    649                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    650                if e.args.get("default")
    651                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    652            ),
    653            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
    654            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
    655            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    656            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    657            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    658            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    659                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
    660            ),
    661            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    662            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    663            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    664            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    665            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    666            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    667            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    668                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
    669            ),
    670            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    671            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    672            exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))),
    673            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    674            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    675            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    676            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    677            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    678            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    679            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    680            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    681            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    682            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    683                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    684                e.this,
    685                e.expression,
    686                e.args.get("position"),
    687                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    688            ),
    689            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    690            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    691            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    692            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
    693            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    694                [
    695                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    696                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
    697                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    698                    _alias_ordered_group,
    699                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    700                ]
    701            ),
    702            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    703            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    704            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
    705                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
    706            ),
    707            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_datetime_sql,
    708            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_datetime_sql,
    709            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    710            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
    711            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("DATETIME"),
    712            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    713            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    714            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
    715            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    716            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    717            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
    718            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    719            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    720            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    721            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
    722            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: rename_func("DATETIME"),
    723            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    724            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
    725            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    726            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    727            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    728        }
    729
    730        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    731            exp.JSONPathKey,
    732            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    733            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    734        }
    735
    736        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    737            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    738            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    739            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    740            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    741            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    742            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    743            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    744            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    745            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    746            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    747            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    748            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    749            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    750            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    751            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    752            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    753            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    754            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    755            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    756            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
    757            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    758            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    759        }
    760
    761        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    762            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    763            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    764            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    765        }
    766
    767        # WINDOW comes after QUALIFY
    768        # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#window_clause
    769        AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {
    770            "qualify": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["qualify"],
    771            "windows": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["windows"],
    772        }
    773
    774        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    775        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    776            "all",
    777            "and",
    778            "any",
    779            "array",
    780            "as",
    781            "asc",
    782            "assert_rows_modified",
    783            "at",
    784            "between",
    785            "by",
    786            "case",
    787            "cast",
    788            "collate",
    789            "contains",
    790            "create",
    791            "cross",
    792            "cube",
    793            "current",
    794            "default",
    795            "define",
    796            "desc",
    797            "distinct",
    798            "else",
    799            "end",
    800            "enum",
    801            "escape",
    802            "except",
    803            "exclude",
    804            "exists",
    805            "extract",
    806            "false",
    807            "fetch",
    808            "following",
    809            "for",
    810            "from",
    811            "full",
    812            "group",
    813            "grouping",
    814            "groups",
    815            "hash",
    816            "having",
    817            "if",
    818            "ignore",
    819            "in",
    820            "inner",
    821            "intersect",
    822            "interval",
    823            "into",
    824            "is",
    825            "join",
    826            "lateral",
    827            "left",
    828            "like",
    829            "limit",
    830            "lookup",
    831            "merge",
    832            "natural",
    833            "new",
    834            "no",
    835            "not",
    836            "null",
    837            "nulls",
    838            "of",
    839            "on",
    840            "or",
    841            "order",
    842            "outer",
    843            "over",
    844            "partition",
    845            "preceding",
    846            "proto",
    847            "qualify",
    848            "range",
    849            "recursive",
    850            "respect",
    851            "right",
    852            "rollup",
    853            "rows",
    854            "select",
    855            "set",
    856            "some",
    857            "struct",
    858            "tablesample",
    859            "then",
    860            "to",
    861            "treat",
    862            "true",
    863            "unbounded",
    864            "union",
    865            "unnest",
    866            "using",
    867            "when",
    868            "where",
    869            "window",
    870            "with",
    871            "within",
    872        }
    873
    874        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
    875            this = expression.this
    876            expr = expression.expression
    877            return self.func(
    878                "MOD",
    879                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
    880                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
    881            )
    882
    883        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    884            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    885                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    886                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    887                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    888                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    889                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    890
    891            return super().column_parts(expression)
    892
    893        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    894            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    895            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    896            #
    897            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    898            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    899            #
    900            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    901            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    902            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    903                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    904                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    905
    906            return super().table_parts(expression)
    907
    908        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    909            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    910                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    911            else:
    912                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    913            this = (
    914                expression.this
    915                if isinstance(expression.this, (exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    916                else expression
    917            )
    918            return self.func(func_name, self.format_time(expression), this.this)
    919
    920        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    921            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    922            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    923                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    924                    return "NULL"
    925
    926            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    927
    928        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    929            parent = expression.parent
    930
    931            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    932            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    933            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    934                return self.func(
    935                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    936                )
    937
    938            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    939
    940        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    941            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    942
    943        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    944            this = expression.this
    945            expressions = expression.expressions
    946
    947            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    948                arg = expressions[0]
    949                if arg.type is None:
    950                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    951
    952                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    953
    954                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    955                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    956                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    957
    958            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    959            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    960
    961            if offset == 0:
    962                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    963            elif offset == 1:
    964                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    965            elif offset is not None:
    966                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    967
    968            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    969                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    970
    971            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    972
    973        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    974            return self.sql(expression)
    975
    976        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    977            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    978                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    979            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    980
    981        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    982            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    983                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    984            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    985
    986        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    987            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    988                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    989            return super().version_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

EXPLICIT_SET_OP = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = '@'
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = 'OPTIONS'
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TagColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_unless_query>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function _array_contains_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>: <function filter_array_using_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Commit'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rollback'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function _str_to_datetime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_datetime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transaction'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'from', 'else', 'cast', 'union', 'then', 'left', 'as', 'using', 'and', 'with', 'true', 'no', 'grouping', 'recursive', 'distinct', 'or', 'for', 'rollup', 'null', 'is', 'some', 'except', 'set', 'groups', 'rows', 'false', 'cross', 'intersect', 'qualify', 'when', 'unbounded', 'where', 'merge', 'within', 'window', 'new', 'full', 'right', 'all', 'create', 'inner', 'define', 'lookup', 'interval', 'hash', 'in', 'not', 'select', 'escape', 'on', 'limit', 'desc', 'cube', 'between', 'over', 'group', 'extract', 'having', 'like', 'unnest', 'join', 'outer', 'treat', 'asc', 'nulls', 'fetch', 'order', 'array', 'natural', 'if', 'partition', 'end', 'collate', 'exists', 'any', 'enum', 'by', 'ignore', 'struct', 'tablesample', 'respect', 'case', 'at', 'lateral', 'exclude', 'current', 'contains', 'preceding', 'of', 'default', 'proto', 'to', 'range', 'into', 'assert_rows_modified', 'following'}
def mod_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Mod) -> str: View Source

    874        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
    875            this = expression.this
    876            expr = expression.expression
    877            return self.func(
    878                "MOD",
    879                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
    880                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
    881            )

def column_parts(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Column) -> str: View Source

    883        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    884            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    885                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    886                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    887                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    888                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    889                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    890
    891            return super().column_parts(expression)

def table_parts(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Table) -> str: View Source

    893        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    894            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    895            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    896            #
    897            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    898            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    899            #
    900            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    901            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    902            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    903                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    904                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    905
    906            return super().table_parts(expression)

def timetostr_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr) -> str: View Source

    908        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    909            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    910                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    911            else:
    912                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    913            this = (
    914                expression.this
    915                if isinstance(expression.this, (exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    916                else expression
    917            )
    918            return self.func(func_name, self.format_time(expression), this.this)

def eq_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.EQ) -> str: View Source

    920        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    921            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    922            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    923                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    924                    return "NULL"
    925
    926            return self.binary(expression, "=")

def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str: View Source

    928        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    929            parent = expression.parent
    930
    931            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    932            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    933            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    934                return self.func(
    935                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    936                )
    937
    938            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    940        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    941            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str: View Source

    943        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    944            this = expression.this
    945            expressions = expression.expressions
    946
    947            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    948                arg = expressions[0]
    949                if arg.type is None:
    950                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    951
    952                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    953
    954                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    955                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    956                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    957
    958            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    959            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    960
    961            if offset == 0:
    962                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    963            elif offset == 1:
    964                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    965            elif offset is not None:
    966                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    967
    968            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    969                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    970
    971            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"

def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    973        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    974            return self.sql(expression)

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    976        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    977            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    978                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    979            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    981        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    982            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    983                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    984            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version) -> str: View Source

    986        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    987            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    988                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    989            return super().version_sql(expression)

TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False
SUPPORTS_NULLABLE_TYPES = False

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  SELECT_KINDS
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  STAR_EXCEPT
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
  ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
  SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
  PARSE_JSON_NAME
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  set_operations
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  renametable_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  alterset_sql
  alter_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  try_sql
  log_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  tonumber_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  struct_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql
  datadeletionproperty_sql
  maskingpolicycolumnconstraint_sql
  gapfill_sql
  scope_resolution
  scoperesolution_sql
  parsejson_sql
  rand_sql
  changes_sql
  pad_sql
  summarize_sql
  explodinggenerateseries_sql
  arrayconcat_sql
  converttimezone_sql