sqlglot.dialects.bigquery API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import logging
      4import re
      5import typing as t
      6
      7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      8from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      9    Dialect,
     10    NormalizationStrategy,
     11    arg_max_or_min_no_count,
     12    binary_from_function,
     13    date_add_interval_sql,
     14    datestrtodate_sql,
     15    build_formatted_time,
     16    filter_array_using_unnest,
     17    if_sql,
     18    inline_array_unless_query,
     19    max_or_greatest,
     20    min_or_least,
     21    no_ilike_sql,
     22    build_date_delta_with_interval,
     23    regexp_replace_sql,
     24    rename_func,
     25    timestrtotime_sql,
     26    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
     27    unit_to_var,
     28)
     29from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
     30from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     31
     32if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     33    from sqlglot._typing import E, Lit
     34
     35logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
     36
     37
     38def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
     39    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
     40        return self.values_sql(expression)
     41
     42    structs = []
     43    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     44    for tup in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple):
     45        field_aliases = (
     46            alias.columns
     47            if alias and alias.columns
     48            else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(tup.expressions)))
     49        )
     50        expressions = [
     51            exp.PropertyEQ(this=exp.to_identifier(name), expression=fld)
     52            for name, fld in zip(field_aliases, tup.expressions)
     53        ]
     54        structs.append(exp.Struct(expressions=expressions))
     55
     56    # Due to `UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY`, it is expected that the table alias be contained in the columns expression
     57    alias_name_only = exp.TableAlias(columns=[alias.this]) if alias else None
     58    return self.unnest_sql(
     59        exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.array(*structs, copy=False)], alias=alias_name_only)
     60    )
     61
     62
     63def _returnsproperty_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
     64    this = expression.this
     65    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
     66        this = f"{self.sql(this, 'this')} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
     67    else:
     68        this = self.sql(this)
     69    return f"RETURNS {this}"
     70
     71
     72def _create_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
     73    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
     74    if expression.kind == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
     75        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
     76
     77        if isinstance(expression.expression, (exp.Subquery, exp.Literal)):
     78            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
     79
     80    return self.create_sql(expression)
     81
     82
     83# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
     84# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
     85# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
     86# SELECT y + 1 z
     87# FROM x
     88# GROUP BY x + 1
     89# ORDER by z
     90def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     91    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
     92        group = expression.args.get("group")
     93        order = expression.args.get("order")
     94
     95        if group and order:
     96            aliases = {
     97                select.this: select.args["alias"]
     98                for select in expression.selects
     99                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
    100            }
    101
    102            for grouped in group.expressions:
    103                if grouped.is_int:
    104                    continue
    105                alias = aliases.get(grouped)
    106                if alias:
    107                    grouped.replace(exp.column(alias))
    108
    109    return expression
    110
    111
    112def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    113    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
    114    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
    115        cte_query = expression.this
    116
    117        if cte_query.is_star:
    118            logger.warning(
    119                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
    120                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
    121            )
    122            return expression
    123
    124        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
    125        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
    126
    127        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
    128            to_replace = select
    129
    130            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
    131                select = select.this
    132
    133            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
    134            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
    135
    136    return expression
    137
    138
    139def _build_parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
    140    this = build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
    141    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
    142    return this
    143
    144
    145def _build_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.Timestamp:
    146    timestamp = exp.Timestamp.from_arg_list(args)
    147    timestamp.set("with_tz", True)
    148    return timestamp
    149
    150
    151def _build_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
    152    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
    153    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
    154
    155
    156def _build_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
    157    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
    158    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
    159    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.Hex(this=arg)
    160
    161
    162def _array_contains_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ArrayContains) -> str:
    163    return self.sql(
    164        exp.Exists(
    165            this=exp.select("1")
    166            .from_(exp.Unnest(expressions=[expression.left]).as_("_unnest", table=["_col"]))
    167            .where(exp.column("_col").eq(expression.right))
    168        )
    169    )
    170
    171
    172def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
    173    return date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD")(self, ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression))
    174
    175
    176def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
    177    expression.this.replace(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP))
    178    expression.expression.replace(exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP))
    179    unit = unit_to_var(expression)
    180    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", expression.this, expression.expression, unit)
    181
    182
    183def _unix_to_time_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    184    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    185    timestamp = expression.this
    186
    187    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    188        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_SECONDS", timestamp)
    189    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
    190        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_MILLIS", timestamp)
    191    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
    192        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_MICROS", timestamp)
    193
    194    unix_seconds = exp.cast(
    195        exp.Div(this=timestamp, expression=exp.func("POW", 10, scale)), exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT
    196    )
    197    return self.func("TIMESTAMP_SECONDS", unix_seconds)
    198
    199
    200def _build_time(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
    201    if len(args) == 1:
    202        return exp.TsOrDsToTime(this=args[0])
    203    if len(args) == 3:
    204        return exp.TimeFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
    205
    206    return exp.Anonymous(this="TIME", expressions=args)
    207
    208
    209class BigQuery(Dialect):
    210    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
    211    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    212    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    213    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    214    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    215
    216    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    217    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    218
    219    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    220    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    221
    222    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_elements_date_time
    223    TIME_MAPPING = {
    224        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    225        "%E6S": "%S.%f",
    226    }
    227
    228    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    229        "DD": "%d",
    230        "MM": "%m",
    231        "MON": "%b",
    232        "MONTH": "%B",
    233        "YYYY": "%Y",
    234        "YY": "%y",
    235        "HH": "%I",
    236        "HH12": "%I",
    237        "HH24": "%H",
    238        "MI": "%M",
    239        "SS": "%S",
    240        "SSSSS": "%f",
    241        "TZH": "%z",
    242    }
    243
    244    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    245    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    246    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    247
    248    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
    249        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    250            parent = expression.parent
    251            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    252                parent = parent.parent
    253
    254            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
    255            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
    256            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
    257            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
    258            case_sensitive = (
    259                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    260                or (
    261                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
    262                    and parent.db
    263                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
    264                )
    265                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
    266            )
    267            if not case_sensitive:
    268                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    269
    270        return expression
    271
    272    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    273        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    274        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    275        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    276        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    277
    278        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    279
    280        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    281            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    282        ]
    283
    284        RAW_STRINGS = [
    285            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    286        ]
    287
    288        KEYWORDS = {
    289            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    290            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    291            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    292            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    293            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    294            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    295            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    296            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    297            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
    298            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    299            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    300            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    301            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    302            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    303            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    304            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    305        }
    306        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    307        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
    308
    309    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    310        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    311        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    312        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
    313
    314        FUNCTIONS = {
    315            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    316            "DATE": _build_date,
    317            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    318            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    319            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    320                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    321                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    322            ),
    323            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    324            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    325            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    326            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    327                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    328            ),
    329            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    330            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
    331                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
    332            ),
    333            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    334            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
    335            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    336                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    337            ),
    338            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
    339            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    340            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    341                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    342                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    343                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    344                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    345                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
    346            ),
    347            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    348            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    349            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    350                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    351                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    352                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    353            ),
    354            "TIME": _build_time,
    355            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    356            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    357            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
    358            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    359            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    360            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    361                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
    362            ),
    363            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    364                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
    365            ),
    366            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    367            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    368        }
    369
    370        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    371            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    372            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    373        }
    374        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    375
    376        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    377            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    378            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    379        }
    380
    381        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    382            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    383            TokenType.TABLE,
    384        }
    385
    386        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    387            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    388            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    389                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    390            ),
    391            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    392        }
    393
    394        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    395            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    396            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    397        }
    398
    399        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    400        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
    401
    402        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    403
    404        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    405            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    406            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    407            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    408            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
    409        }
    410
    411        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
    412            "OFFSET": (0, False),
    413            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
    414            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
    415            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
    416        }
    417
    418        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
    419            this = self._parse_range()
    420            self._match_text_seq("DO")
    421            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
    422
    423        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    424            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    425
    426            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    427            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    428                table_name = this.name
    429                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    430                    text = ""
    431                    while self._curr and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
    432                        self._advance()
    433                        text += self._prev.text
    434                    table_name += text
    435
    436                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    437            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    438                table_name = this.name
    439
    440                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
    441                    table_name += self._prev.text
    442
    443                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    444
    445            return this
    446
    447        def _parse_table_parts(
    448            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    449        ) -> exp.Table:
    450            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
    451                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
    452            )
    453
    454            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
    455            if not table.catalog:
    456                if table.db:
    457                    parts = table.db.split(".")
    458                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
    459                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    460                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    461                else:
    462                    parts = table.name.split(".")
    463                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
    464                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    465                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    466
    467            if any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
    468                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    469                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    470                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
    471                )
    472
    473                if rest and this:
    474                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    475
    476                table = exp.Table(
    477                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
    478                )
    479                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
    480
    481            return table
    482
    483        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    484            column = super()._parse_column()
    485            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
    486                parts = column.parts
    487                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
    488                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
    489                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    490                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
    491                    )
    492
    493                    if rest and this:
    494                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    495
    496                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    497                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
    498
    499            return column
    500
    501        @t.overload
    502        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
    503
    504        @t.overload
    505        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
    506
    507        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
    508            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    509            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    510
    511            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    512            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    513            if (
    514                array_kv_pair
    515                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    516                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    517            ):
    518                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    519                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    520
    521                json_object.set(
    522                    "expressions",
    523                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    524                )
    525
    526            return json_object
    527
    528        def _parse_bracket(
    529            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    530        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    531            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
    532
    533            if this is bracket:
    534                return bracket
    535
    536            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
    537                for expression in bracket.expressions:
    538                    name = expression.name.upper()
    539
    540                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
    541                        break
    542
    543                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
    544                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
    545                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
    546                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
    547
    548            return bracket
    549
    550    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    551        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    552        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    553        JOIN_HINTS = False
    554        QUERY_HINTS = False
    555        TABLE_HINTS = False
    556        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    557        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    558        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    559        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    560        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    561        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    562        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
    563        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
    564        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    565        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
    566        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
    567        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    568        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
    569        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    570        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
    571
    572        TRANSFORMS = {
    573            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    574            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    575            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    576            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    577            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
    578            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
    579            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
    580            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    581            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    582            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
    583                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    584                if e.args.get("default")
    585                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    586            ),
    587            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
    588            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
    589            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    590            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    591            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    592            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    593                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
    594            ),
    595            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    596            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    597            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    598            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    599            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    600            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    601            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    602                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
    603            ),
    604            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    605            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    606            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    607            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    608            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    609            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    610            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    611            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    612            exp.Mod: rename_func("MOD"),
    613            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    614            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    615            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    616            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    617            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    618                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    619                e.this,
    620                e.expression,
    621                e.args.get("position"),
    622                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    623            ),
    624            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    625            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    626            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    627            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
    628            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    629                [
    630                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    631                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
    632                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    633                    _alias_ordered_group,
    634                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    635                ]
    636            ),
    637            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    638                "SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    639            ),
    640            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
    641                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
    642            ),
    643            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("PARSE_DATE", self.format_time(e), e.this),
    644            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    645                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    646            ),
    647            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    648            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
    649            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    650            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    651            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
    652            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    653            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    654            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
    655            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    656            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    657            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    658            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
    659            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    660            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
    661            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    662            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    663            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    664        }
    665
    666        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    667            exp.JSONPathKey,
    668            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    669            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    670        }
    671
    672        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    673            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    674            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    675            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    676            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    677            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    678            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    679            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    680            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    681            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    682            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    683            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    684            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    685            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    686            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    687            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    688            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    689            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    690            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    691            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    692            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
    693            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    694            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    695        }
    696
    697        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    698            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    699            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    700            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    701        }
    702
    703        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    704        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    705            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    706            "all",
    707            "and",
    708            "any",
    709            "array",
    710            "as",
    711            "asc",
    712            "assert_rows_modified",
    713            "at",
    714            "between",
    715            "by",
    716            "case",
    717            "cast",
    718            "collate",
    719            "contains",
    720            "create",
    721            "cross",
    722            "cube",
    723            "current",
    724            "default",
    725            "define",
    726            "desc",
    727            "distinct",
    728            "else",
    729            "end",
    730            "enum",
    731            "escape",
    732            "except",
    733            "exclude",
    734            "exists",
    735            "extract",
    736            "false",
    737            "fetch",
    738            "following",
    739            "for",
    740            "from",
    741            "full",
    742            "group",
    743            "grouping",
    744            "groups",
    745            "hash",
    746            "having",
    747            "if",
    748            "ignore",
    749            "in",
    750            "inner",
    751            "intersect",
    752            "interval",
    753            "into",
    754            "is",
    755            "join",
    756            "lateral",
    757            "left",
    758            "like",
    759            "limit",
    760            "lookup",
    761            "merge",
    762            "natural",
    763            "new",
    764            "no",
    765            "not",
    766            "null",
    767            "nulls",
    768            "of",
    769            "on",
    770            "or",
    771            "order",
    772            "outer",
    773            "over",
    774            "partition",
    775            "preceding",
    776            "proto",
    777            "qualify",
    778            "range",
    779            "recursive",
    780            "respect",
    781            "right",
    782            "rollup",
    783            "rows",
    784            "select",
    785            "set",
    786            "some",
    787            "struct",
    788            "tablesample",
    789            "then",
    790            "to",
    791            "treat",
    792            "true",
    793            "unbounded",
    794            "union",
    795            "unnest",
    796            "using",
    797            "when",
    798            "where",
    799            "window",
    800            "with",
    801            "within",
    802        }
    803
    804        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    805            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    806                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    807                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    808                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    809                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    810                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    811
    812            return super().column_parts(expression)
    813
    814        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    815            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    816            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    817            #
    818            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    819            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    820            #
    821            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    822            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    823            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    824                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    825                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    826
    827            return super().table_parts(expression)
    828
    829        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    830            this = expression.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate) else expression
    831            return self.func("FORMAT_DATE", self.format_time(expression), this.this)
    832
    833        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    834            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    835            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    836                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    837                    return "NULL"
    838
    839            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    840
    841        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    842            parent = expression.parent
    843
    844            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    845            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    846            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    847                return self.func(
    848                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    849                )
    850
    851            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    852
    853        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    854            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    855
    856        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    857            this = expression.this
    858            expressions = expression.expressions
    859
    860            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    861                arg = expressions[0]
    862                if arg.type is None:
    863                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    864
    865                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    866
    867                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    868                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    869                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    870
    871            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    872            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    873
    874            if offset == 0:
    875                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    876            elif offset == 1:
    877                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    878            elif offset is not None:
    879                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    880
    881            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    882                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    883
    884            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    885
    886        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    887            return self.sql(expression)
    888
    889        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    890            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    891                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    892            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    893
    894        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    895            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    896                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    897            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    898
    899        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    900            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    901
    902        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    903            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    904                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    905            return super().version_sql(expression)

logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    210class BigQuery(Dialect):
    211    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
    212    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    213    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    214    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    215    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    216
    217    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    218    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    219
    220    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    221    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    222
    223    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_elements_date_time
    224    TIME_MAPPING = {
    225        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    226        "%E6S": "%S.%f",
    227    }
    228
    229    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    230        "DD": "%d",
    231        "MM": "%m",
    232        "MON": "%b",
    233        "MONTH": "%B",
    234        "YYYY": "%Y",
    235        "YY": "%y",
    236        "HH": "%I",
    237        "HH12": "%I",
    238        "HH24": "%H",
    239        "MI": "%M",
    240        "SS": "%S",
    241        "SSSSS": "%f",
    242        "TZH": "%z",
    243    }
    244
    245    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    246    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    247    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    248
    249    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
    250        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    251            parent = expression.parent
    252            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    253                parent = parent.parent
    254
    255            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
    256            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
    257            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
    258            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
    259            case_sensitive = (
    260                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    261                or (
    262                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
    263                    and parent.db
    264                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
    265                )
    266                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
    267            )
    268            if not case_sensitive:
    269                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    270
    271        return expression
    272
    273    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    274        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    275        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    276        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    277        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    278
    279        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    280
    281        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    282            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    283        ]
    284
    285        RAW_STRINGS = [
    286            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    287        ]
    288
    289        KEYWORDS = {
    290            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    291            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    292            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    293            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    294            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    295            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    296            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    297            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    298            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
    299            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    300            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    301            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    302            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    303            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    304            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    305            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    306        }
    307        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    308        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
    309
    310    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    311        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    312        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    313        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
    314
    315        FUNCTIONS = {
    316            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    317            "DATE": _build_date,
    318            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    319            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    320            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    321                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    322                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    323            ),
    324            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    325            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    326            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    327            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    328                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    329            ),
    330            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    331            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
    332                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
    333            ),
    334            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    335            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
    336            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    337                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    338            ),
    339            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
    340            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    341            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    342                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    343                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    344                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    345                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    346                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
    347            ),
    348            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    349            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    350            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    351                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    352                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    353                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    354            ),
    355            "TIME": _build_time,
    356            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    357            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    358            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
    359            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    360            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    361            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    362                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
    363            ),
    364            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    365                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
    366            ),
    367            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    368            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    369        }
    370
    371        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    372            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    373            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    374        }
    375        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    376
    377        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    378            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    379            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    380        }
    381
    382        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    383            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    384            TokenType.TABLE,
    385        }
    386
    387        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    388            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    389            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    390                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    391            ),
    392            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    393        }
    394
    395        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    396            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    397            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    398        }
    399
    400        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    401        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
    402
    403        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    404
    405        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    406            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    407            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    408            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    409            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
    410        }
    411
    412        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
    413            "OFFSET": (0, False),
    414            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
    415            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
    416            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
    417        }
    418
    419        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
    420            this = self._parse_range()
    421            self._match_text_seq("DO")
    422            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
    423
    424        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    425            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    426
    427            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    428            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    429                table_name = this.name
    430                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    431                    text = ""
    432                    while self._curr and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
    433                        self._advance()
    434                        text += self._prev.text
    435                    table_name += text
    436
    437                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    438            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    439                table_name = this.name
    440
    441                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
    442                    table_name += self._prev.text
    443
    444                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    445
    446            return this
    447
    448        def _parse_table_parts(
    449            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    450        ) -> exp.Table:
    451            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
    452                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
    453            )
    454
    455            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
    456            if not table.catalog:
    457                if table.db:
    458                    parts = table.db.split(".")
    459                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
    460                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    461                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    462                else:
    463                    parts = table.name.split(".")
    464                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
    465                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    466                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    467
    468            if any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
    469                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    470                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    471                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
    472                )
    473
    474                if rest and this:
    475                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    476
    477                table = exp.Table(
    478                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
    479                )
    480                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
    481
    482            return table
    483
    484        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    485            column = super()._parse_column()
    486            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
    487                parts = column.parts
    488                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
    489                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
    490                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    491                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
    492                    )
    493
    494                    if rest and this:
    495                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    496
    497                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    498                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
    499
    500            return column
    501
    502        @t.overload
    503        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
    504
    505        @t.overload
    506        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
    507
    508        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
    509            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    510            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    511
    512            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    513            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    514            if (
    515                array_kv_pair
    516                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    517                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    518            ):
    519                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    520                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    521
    522                json_object.set(
    523                    "expressions",
    524                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    525                )
    526
    527            return json_object
    528
    529        def _parse_bracket(
    530            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    531        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    532            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
    533
    534            if this is bracket:
    535                return bracket
    536
    537            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
    538                for expression in bracket.expressions:
    539                    name = expression.name.upper()
    540
    541                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
    542                        break
    543
    544                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
    545                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
    546                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
    547                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
    548
    549            return bracket
    550
    551    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    552        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    553        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    554        JOIN_HINTS = False
    555        QUERY_HINTS = False
    556        TABLE_HINTS = False
    557        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    558        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    559        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    560        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    561        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    562        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    563        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
    564        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
    565        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    566        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
    567        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
    568        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    569        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
    570        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    571        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
    572
    573        TRANSFORMS = {
    574            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    575            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    576            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    577            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    578            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
    579            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
    580            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
    581            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    582            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    583            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
    584                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    585                if e.args.get("default")
    586                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    587            ),
    588            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
    589            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
    590            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    591            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    592            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    593            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    594                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
    595            ),
    596            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    597            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    598            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    599            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    600            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    601            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    602            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    603                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
    604            ),
    605            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    606            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    607            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    608            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    609            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    610            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    611            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    612            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    613            exp.Mod: rename_func("MOD"),
    614            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    615            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    616            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    617            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    618            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    619                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    620                e.this,
    621                e.expression,
    622                e.args.get("position"),
    623                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    624            ),
    625            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    626            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    627            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    628            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
    629            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    630                [
    631                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    632                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
    633                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    634                    _alias_ordered_group,
    635                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    636                ]
    637            ),
    638            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    639                "SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    640            ),
    641            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
    642                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
    643            ),
    644            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("PARSE_DATE", self.format_time(e), e.this),
    645            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    646                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    647            ),
    648            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    649            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
    650            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    651            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    652            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
    653            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    654            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    655            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
    656            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    657            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    658            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    659            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
    660            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    661            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
    662            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    663            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    664            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    665        }
    666
    667        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    668            exp.JSONPathKey,
    669            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    670            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    671        }
    672
    673        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    674            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    675            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    676            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    677            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    678            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    679            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    680            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    681            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    682            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    683            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    684            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    685            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    686            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    687            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    688            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    689            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    690            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    691            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    692            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    693            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
    694            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    695            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    696        }
    697
    698        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    699            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    700            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    701            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    702        }
    703
    704        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    705        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    706            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    707            "all",
    708            "and",
    709            "any",
    710            "array",
    711            "as",
    712            "asc",
    713            "assert_rows_modified",
    714            "at",
    715            "between",
    716            "by",
    717            "case",
    718            "cast",
    719            "collate",
    720            "contains",
    721            "create",
    722            "cross",
    723            "cube",
    724            "current",
    725            "default",
    726            "define",
    727            "desc",
    728            "distinct",
    729            "else",
    730            "end",
    731            "enum",
    732            "escape",
    733            "except",
    734            "exclude",
    735            "exists",
    736            "extract",
    737            "false",
    738            "fetch",
    739            "following",
    740            "for",
    741            "from",
    742            "full",
    743            "group",
    744            "grouping",
    745            "groups",
    746            "hash",
    747            "having",
    748            "if",
    749            "ignore",
    750            "in",
    751            "inner",
    752            "intersect",
    753            "interval",
    754            "into",
    755            "is",
    756            "join",
    757            "lateral",
    758            "left",
    759            "like",
    760            "limit",
    761            "lookup",
    762            "merge",
    763            "natural",
    764            "new",
    765            "no",
    766            "not",
    767            "null",
    768            "nulls",
    769            "of",
    770            "on",
    771            "or",
    772            "order",
    773            "outer",
    774            "over",
    775            "partition",
    776            "preceding",
    777            "proto",
    778            "qualify",
    779            "range",
    780            "recursive",
    781            "respect",
    782            "right",
    783            "rollup",
    784            "rows",
    785            "select",
    786            "set",
    787            "some",
    788            "struct",
    789            "tablesample",
    790            "then",
    791            "to",
    792            "treat",
    793            "true",
    794            "unbounded",
    795            "union",
    796            "unnest",
    797            "using",
    798            "when",
    799            "where",
    800            "window",
    801            "with",
    802            "within",
    803        }
    804
    805        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    806            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    807                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    808                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    809                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    810                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    811                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    812
    813            return super().column_parts(expression)
    814
    815        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    816            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    817            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    818            #
    819            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    820            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    821            #
    822            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    823            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    824            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    825                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    826                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    827
    828            return super().table_parts(expression)
    829
    830        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    831            this = expression.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate) else expression
    832            return self.func("FORMAT_DATE", self.format_time(expression), this.this)
    833
    834        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    835            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    836            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    837                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    838                    return "NULL"
    839
    840            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    841
    842        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    843            parent = expression.parent
    844
    845            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    846            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    847            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    848                return self.func(
    849                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    850                )
    851
    852            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    853
    854        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    855            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    856
    857        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    858            this = expression.this
    859            expressions = expression.expressions
    860
    861            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    862                arg = expressions[0]
    863                if arg.type is None:
    864                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    865
    866                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    867
    868                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    869                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    870                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    871
    872            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    873            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    874
    875            if offset == 0:
    876                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    877            elif offset == 1:
    878                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    879            elif offset is not None:
    880                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    881
    882            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    883                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    884
    885            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    886
    887        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    888            return self.sql(expression)
    889
    890        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    891            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    892                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    893            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    894
    895        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    896            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    897                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    898            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    899
    900        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    901            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    902
    903        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    904            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    905                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    906            return super().version_sql(expression)

WEEK_OFFSET = -1

First day of the week in DATE_TRUNC(week). Defaults to 0 (Monday). -1 would be Sunday.

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True

Whether `UNNEST` table aliases are treated as column aliases.

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = False

Whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function. Possible values: `True`, `False`, `None` (two arguments are not supported by `LOG`)

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False

Determines how function names are going to be normalized.

###### Possible values:

> "upper" or True: Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y', '%E6S': '%S.%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}

Helper which is used for parsing the special syntax `CAST(x AS DATE FORMAT 'yyyy')`. If empty, the corresponding trie will be constructed off of `TIME_MAPPING`.

PSEUDOCOLUMNS: Set[str] = {'_PARTITIONTIME', '_PARTITIONDATE'}

Columns that are auto-generated by the engine corresponding to this dialect. For example, such columns may be excluded from `SELECT *` queries.

def normalize_identifier(self, expression: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    249    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
    250        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    251            parent = expression.parent
    252            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    253                parent = parent.parent
    254
    255            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
    256            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
    257            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
    258            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
    259            case_sensitive = (
    260                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    261                or (
    262                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
    263                    and parent.db
    264                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
    265                )
    266                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
    267            )
    268            if not case_sensitive:
    269                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    270
    271        return expression

Transforms an identifier in a way that resembles how it'd be resolved by this dialect.

For example, an identifier like `FoO` would be resolved as `foo` in Postgres, because it lowercases all unquoted identifiers. On the other hand, Snowflake uppercases them, so it would resolve it as `FOO`. If it was quoted, it'd need to be treated as case-sensitive, and so any normalization would be prohibited in order to avoid "breaking" the identifier.

There are also dialects like Spark, which are case-insensitive even when quotes are present, and dialects like MySQL, whose resolution rules match those employed by the underlying operating system, for example they may always be case-sensitive in Linux.

Finally, the normalization behavior of some engines can even be controlled through flags, like in Redshift's case, where users can explicitly set enable_case_sensitive_identifier.

SQLGlot aims to understand and handle all of these different behaviors gracefully, so that it can analyze queries in the optimizer and successfully capture their semantics.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}, 'E': {'6': {'S': {0: True}}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D', '%S.%f': '%E6S'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'.': {'%': {'f': {0: True}}}}}}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  TIME_FORMAT
  PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    273    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    274        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    275        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    276        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    277        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    278
    279        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    280
    281        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    282            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    283        ]
    284
    285        RAW_STRINGS = [
    286            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    287        ]
    288
    289        KEYWORDS = {
    290            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    291            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    292            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    293            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    294            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    295            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    296            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    297            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    298            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
    299            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    300            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    301            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    302            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    303            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    304            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    305            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    306        }
    307        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    308        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")

QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ELSEIF': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXCEPTION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'MODEL': <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    310    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    311        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    312        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    313        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
    314
    315        FUNCTIONS = {
    316            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    317            "DATE": _build_date,
    318            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    319            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    320            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    321                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    322                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    323            ),
    324            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    325            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    326            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    327            "FORMAT_DATE": lambda args: exp.TimeToStr(
    328                this=exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 1)), format=seq_get(args, 0)
    329            ),
    330            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    331            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": lambda args: exp.JSONExtractScalar(
    332                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string("$")
    333            ),
    334            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    335            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
    336            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    337                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    338            ),
    339            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
    340            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    341            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    342                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    343                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    344                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    345                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    346                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
    347            ),
    348            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    349            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    350            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    351                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    352                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    353                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    354            ),
    355            "TIME": _build_time,
    356            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    357            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    358            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
    359            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    360            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    361            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    362                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
    363            ),
    364            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    365                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
    366            ),
    367            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    368            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    369        }
    370
    371        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    372            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    373            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    374        }
    375        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    376
    377        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    378            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    379            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    380        }
    381
    382        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    383            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    384            TokenType.TABLE,
    385        }
    386
    387        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    388            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    389            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    390                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    391            ),
    392            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    393        }
    394
    395        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    396            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    397            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    398        }
    399
    400        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    401        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
    402
    403        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    404
    405        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    406            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    407            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    408            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    409            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
    410        }
    411
    412        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
    413            "OFFSET": (0, False),
    414            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
    415            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
    416            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
    417        }
    418
    419        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
    420            this = self._parse_range()
    421            self._match_text_seq("DO")
    422            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
    423
    424        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    425            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    426
    427            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    428            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    429                table_name = this.name
    430                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    431                    text = ""
    432                    while self._curr and self._curr.token_type != TokenType.DOT:
    433                        self._advance()
    434                        text += self._prev.text
    435                    table_name += text
    436
    437                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    438            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    439                table_name = this.name
    440
    441                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
    442                    table_name += self._prev.text
    443
    444                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    445
    446            return this
    447
    448        def _parse_table_parts(
    449            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    450        ) -> exp.Table:
    451            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
    452                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
    453            )
    454
    455            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
    456            if not table.catalog:
    457                if table.db:
    458                    parts = table.db.split(".")
    459                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
    460                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    461                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    462                else:
    463                    parts = table.name.split(".")
    464                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
    465                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    466                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    467
    468            if any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
    469                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    470                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    471                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
    472                )
    473
    474                if rest and this:
    475                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    476
    477                table = exp.Table(
    478                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
    479                )
    480                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
    481
    482            return table
    483
    484        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    485            column = super()._parse_column()
    486            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
    487                parts = column.parts
    488                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
    489                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
    490                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    491                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
    492                    )
    493
    494                    if rest and this:
    495                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    496
    497                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    498                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
    499
    500            return column
    501
    502        @t.overload
    503        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
    504
    505        @t.overload
    506        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
    507
    508        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
    509            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    510            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    511
    512            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    513            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    514            if (
    515                array_kv_pair
    516                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    517                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    518            ):
    519                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    520                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    521
    522                json_object.set(
    523                    "expressions",
    524                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    525                )
    526
    527            return json_object
    528
    529        def _parse_bracket(
    530            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    531        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    532            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
    533
    534            if this is bracket:
    535                return bracket
    536
    537            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
    538                for expression in bracket.expressions:
    539                    name = expression.name.upper()
    540
    541                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
    542                        break
    543
    544                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
    545                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
    546                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
    547                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
    548
    549            return bracket

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <function _build_timestamp>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DIV': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _build_to_hex>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SHA256': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME': <function _build_time>, 'TIMESTAMP_MICROS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_MILLIS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SECONDS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
NULL_TOKENS = {<TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
BRACKET_OFFSETS = {'OFFSET': (0, False), 'ORDINAL': (1, False), 'SAFE_OFFSET': (0, True), 'SAFE_ORDINAL': (1, True)}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ID_VAR_TOKENS
  INTERVAL_VARS
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
  UNION_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    551    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    552        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    553        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    554        JOIN_HINTS = False
    555        QUERY_HINTS = False
    556        TABLE_HINTS = False
    557        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    558        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    559        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    560        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    561        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    562        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    563        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
    564        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
    565        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    566        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
    567        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
    568        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
    569        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
    570        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    571        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
    572
    573        TRANSFORMS = {
    574            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    575            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    576            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
    577            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
    578            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
    579            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
    580            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
    581            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    582            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    583            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
    584                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    585                if e.args.get("default")
    586                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
    587            ),
    588            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
    589            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
    590            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    591            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    592            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    593            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    594                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
    595            ),
    596            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    597            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    598            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    599            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    600            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    601            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    602            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    603                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
    604            ),
    605            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    606            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    607            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    608            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    609            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    610            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    611            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    612            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    613            exp.Mod: rename_func("MOD"),
    614            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    615            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    616            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    617            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    618            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    619                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    620                e.this,
    621                e.expression,
    622                e.args.get("position"),
    623                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    624            ),
    625            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    626            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    627            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    628            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
    629            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    630                [
    631                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    632                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
    633                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    634                    _alias_ordered_group,
    635                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    636                ]
    637            ),
    638            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    639                "SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    640            ),
    641            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
    642                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
    643            ),
    644            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("PARSE_DATE", self.format_time(e), e.this),
    645            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    646                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    647            ),
    648            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    649            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
    650            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    651            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    652            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
    653            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    654            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    655            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
    656            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    657            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    658            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    659            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
    660            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    661            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
    662            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    663            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    664            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    665        }
    666
    667        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    668            exp.JSONPathKey,
    669            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    670            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    671        }
    672
    673        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    674            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    675            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    676            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    677            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    678            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    679            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    680            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    681            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    682            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    683            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    684            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    685            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    686            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    687            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    688            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    689            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    690            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    691            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    692            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    693            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
    694            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    695            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    696        }
    697
    698        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    699            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    700            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    701            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    702        }
    703
    704        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    705        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    706            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    707            "all",
    708            "and",
    709            "any",
    710            "array",
    711            "as",
    712            "asc",
    713            "assert_rows_modified",
    714            "at",
    715            "between",
    716            "by",
    717            "case",
    718            "cast",
    719            "collate",
    720            "contains",
    721            "create",
    722            "cross",
    723            "cube",
    724            "current",
    725            "default",
    726            "define",
    727            "desc",
    728            "distinct",
    729            "else",
    730            "end",
    731            "enum",
    732            "escape",
    733            "except",
    734            "exclude",
    735            "exists",
    736            "extract",
    737            "false",
    738            "fetch",
    739            "following",
    740            "for",
    741            "from",
    742            "full",
    743            "group",
    744            "grouping",
    745            "groups",
    746            "hash",
    747            "having",
    748            "if",
    749            "ignore",
    750            "in",
    751            "inner",
    752            "intersect",
    753            "interval",
    754            "into",
    755            "is",
    756            "join",
    757            "lateral",
    758            "left",
    759            "like",
    760            "limit",
    761            "lookup",
    762            "merge",
    763            "natural",
    764            "new",
    765            "no",
    766            "not",
    767            "null",
    768            "nulls",
    769            "of",
    770            "on",
    771            "or",
    772            "order",
    773            "outer",
    774            "over",
    775            "partition",
    776            "preceding",
    777            "proto",
    778            "qualify",
    779            "range",
    780            "recursive",
    781            "respect",
    782            "right",
    783            "rollup",
    784            "rows",
    785            "select",
    786            "set",
    787            "some",
    788            "struct",
    789            "tablesample",
    790            "then",
    791            "to",
    792            "treat",
    793            "true",
    794            "unbounded",
    795            "union",
    796            "unnest",
    797            "using",
    798            "when",
    799            "where",
    800            "window",
    801            "with",
    802            "within",
    803        }
    804
    805        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    806            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    807                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    808                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    809                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    810                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    811                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    812
    813            return super().column_parts(expression)
    814
    815        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    816            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    817            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    818            #
    819            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    820            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    821            #
    822            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    823            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    824            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    825                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    826                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    827
    828            return super().table_parts(expression)
    829
    830        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    831            this = expression.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate) else expression
    832            return self.func("FORMAT_DATE", self.format_time(expression), this.this)
    833
    834        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    835            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    836            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    837                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    838                    return "NULL"
    839
    840            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    841
    842        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    843            parent = expression.parent
    844
    845            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    846            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    847            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    848                return self.func(
    849                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    850                )
    851
    852            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    853
    854        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    855            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    856
    857        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    858            this = expression.this
    859            expressions = expression.expressions
    860
    861            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    862                arg = expressions[0]
    863                if arg.type is None:
    864                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    865
    866                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    867
    868                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    869                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    870                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    871
    872            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    873            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    874
    875            if offset == 0:
    876                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    877            elif offset == 1:
    878                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    879            elif offset is not None:
    880                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    881
    882            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    883                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    884
    885            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    886
    887        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    888            return self.sql(expression)
    889
    890        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    891            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    892                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    893            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    894
    895        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    896            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    897                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    898            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    899
    900        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    901            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    902
    903        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    904            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    905                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    906            return super().version_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

EXPLICIT_UNION = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = '@'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_unless_query>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function _array_contains_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>: <function filter_array_using_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Commit'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mod'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rollback'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transaction'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'struct', 'partition', 'from', 'array', 'assert_rows_modified', 'inner', 'on', 'with', 'lateral', 'at', 'rows', 'merge', 'join', 'following', 'of', 'tablesample', 'case', 'all', 'limit', 'true', 'and', 'set', 'then', 'fetch', 'enum', 'cube', 'when', 'qualify', 'order', 'nulls', 'lookup', 'define', 'hash', 'exclude', 'contains', 'create', 'union', 'else', 'current', 'outer', 'within', 'if', 'except', 'collate', 'cast', 'exists', 'false', 'is', 'select', 'escape', 'full', 'having', 'recursive', 'like', 'cross', 'over', 'as', 'natural', 'desc', 'ignore', 'to', 'window', 'group', 'using', 'interval', 'new', 'grouping', 'proto', 'default', 'or', 'left', 'null', 'end', 'range', 'into', 'in', 'distinct', 'asc', 'preceding', 'unnest', 'by', 'treat', 'rollup', 'where', 'intersect', 'respect', 'for', 'unbounded', 'groups', 'some', 'between', 'no', 'right', 'extract', 'not', 'any'}
def column_parts(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Column) -> str: View Source

    805        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    806            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    807                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    808                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    809                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    810                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    811                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    812
    813            return super().column_parts(expression)

def table_parts(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Table) -> str: View Source

    815        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    816            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    817            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    818            #
    819            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    820            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    821            #
    822            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    823            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    824            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    825                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    826                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    827
    828            return super().table_parts(expression)

def timetostr_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr) -> str: View Source

    830        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    831            this = expression.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.TsOrDsToDate) else expression
    832            return self.func("FORMAT_DATE", self.format_time(expression), this.this)

def eq_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.EQ) -> str: View Source

    834        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    835            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    836            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    837                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    838                    return "NULL"
    839
    840            return self.binary(expression, "=")

def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str: View Source

    842        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    843            parent = expression.parent
    844
    845            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    846            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    847            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    848                return self.func(
    849                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    850                )
    851
    852            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    854        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    855            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str: View Source

    857        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    858            this = expression.this
    859            expressions = expression.expressions
    860
    861            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    862                arg = expressions[0]
    863                if arg.type is None:
    864                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    865
    866                    arg = annotate_types(arg)
    867
    868                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    869                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    870                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    871
    872            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    873            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    874
    875            if offset == 0:
    876                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    877            elif offset == 1:
    878                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    879            elif offset is not None:
    880                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    881
    882            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    883                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    884
    885            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"

def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    887        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    888            return self.sql(expression)

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    890        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    891            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    892                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    893            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    895        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    896            if not expression.args.get("distinct"):
    897                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    898            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    900        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    901            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version) -> str: View Source

    903        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    904            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    905                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    906            return super().version_sql(expression)

TRY_SUPPORTED = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  SELECT_KINDS
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  OUTER_UNION_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  STAR_MAPPING
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  queryoption_sql
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  set_operations
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  currenttimestamp_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  altertable_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  try_sql
  log_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  tonumber_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  operator_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  generateseries_sql
  struct_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql