sqlglot.dialects.snowflake API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    NormalizationStrategy,
      9    binary_from_function,
     10    date_delta_sql,
     11    date_trunc_to_time,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    format_time_lambda,
     14    if_sql,
     15    inline_array_sql,
     16    max_or_greatest,
     17    min_or_least,
     18    rename_func,
     19    timestamptrunc_sql,
     20    timestrtotime_sql,
     21    var_map_sql,
     22)
     23from sqlglot.expressions import Literal
     24from sqlglot.helper import is_int, seq_get
     25from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     26
     27if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     28    from sqlglot._typing import E
     29
     30
     31# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
     32def _parse_to_timestamp(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StrToTime, exp.UnixToTime, exp.TimeStrToTime]:
     33    if len(args) == 2:
     34        first_arg, second_arg = args
     35        if second_arg.is_string:
     36            # case: <string_expr> [ , <format> ]
     37            return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
     38        return exp.UnixToTime(this=first_arg, scale=second_arg)
     39
     40    from sqlglot.optimizer.simplify import simplify_literals
     41
     42    # The first argument might be an expression like 40 * 365 * 86400, so we try to
     43    # reduce it using `simplify_literals` first and then check if it's a Literal.
     44    first_arg = seq_get(args, 0)
     45    if not isinstance(simplify_literals(first_arg, root=True), Literal):
     46        # case: <variant_expr> or other expressions such as columns
     47        return exp.TimeStrToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     48
     49    if first_arg.is_string:
     50        if is_int(first_arg.this):
     51            # case: <integer>
     52            return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     53
     54        # case: <date_expr>
     55        return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args)
     56
     57    # case: <numeric_expr>
     58    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     59
     60
     61def _parse_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
     62    expression = parser.parse_var_map(args)
     63
     64    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
     65        return expression
     66
     67    return exp.Struct(
     68        expressions=[
     69            t.cast(exp.Condition, k).eq(v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
     70        ]
     71    )
     72
     73
     74def _parse_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
     75    return exp.DateDiff(
     76        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
     77    )
     78
     79
     80# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     81# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     82def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     83    this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     84
     85    if not this:
     86        return None
     87
     88    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     89    expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     90    this = _map_date_part(this)
     91    name = this.name.upper()
     92
     93    if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     94        if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     95            scale = 10**3
     96        elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     97            scale = 10**6
     98        elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     99            scale = 10**9
    100        else:
    101            scale = None
    102
    103        ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    104        to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    105
    106        if scale:
    107            to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    108
    109        return to_unix
    110
    111    return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    112
    113
    114# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
    115def _div0_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    116    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
    117    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
    118    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
    119    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
    120
    121
    122# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
    123def _zeroifnull_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    124    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
    125    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
    126
    127
    128# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
    129def _nullifzero_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    130    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
    131    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
    132
    133
    134def _datatype_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    135    if expression.is_type("array"):
    136        return "ARRAY"
    137    elif expression.is_type("map"):
    138        return "OBJECT"
    139    return self.datatype_sql(expression)
    140
    141
    142def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
    143    flag = expression.text("flag")
    144
    145    if "i" not in flag:
    146        flag += "i"
    147
    148    return self.func(
    149        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
    150    )
    151
    152
    153def _parse_convert_timezone(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.Anonymous, exp.AtTimeZone]:
    154    if len(args) == 3:
    155        return exp.Anonymous(this="CONVERT_TIMEZONE", expressions=args)
    156    return exp.AtTimeZone(this=seq_get(args, 1), zone=seq_get(args, 0))
    157
    158
    159def _parse_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
    160    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
    161
    162    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
    163        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
    164
    165    return regexp_replace
    166
    167
    168def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
    169    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
    170        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
    171
    172    return _parse
    173
    174
    175DATE_PART_MAPPING = {
    176    "Y": "YEAR",
    177    "YY": "YEAR",
    178    "YYY": "YEAR",
    179    "YYYY": "YEAR",
    180    "YR": "YEAR",
    181    "YEARS": "YEAR",
    182    "YRS": "YEAR",
    183    "MM": "MONTH",
    184    "MON": "MONTH",
    185    "MONS": "MONTH",
    186    "MONTHS": "MONTH",
    187    "D": "DAY",
    188    "DD": "DAY",
    189    "DAYS": "DAY",
    190    "DAYOFMONTH": "DAY",
    191    "WEEKDAY": "DAYOFWEEK",
    192    "DOW": "DAYOFWEEK",
    193    "DW": "DAYOFWEEK",
    194    "WEEKDAY_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
    195    "DOW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
    196    "DW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
    197    "YEARDAY": "DAYOFYEAR",
    198    "DOY": "DAYOFYEAR",
    199    "DY": "DAYOFYEAR",
    200    "W": "WEEK",
    201    "WK": "WEEK",
    202    "WEEKOFYEAR": "WEEK",
    203    "WOY": "WEEK",
    204    "WY": "WEEK",
    205    "WEEK_ISO": "WEEKISO",
    206    "WEEKOFYEARISO": "WEEKISO",
    207    "WEEKOFYEAR_ISO": "WEEKISO",
    208    "Q": "QUARTER",
    209    "QTR": "QUARTER",
    210    "QTRS": "QUARTER",
    211    "QUARTERS": "QUARTER",
    212    "H": "HOUR",
    213    "HH": "HOUR",
    214    "HR": "HOUR",
    215    "HOURS": "HOUR",
    216    "HRS": "HOUR",
    217    "M": "MINUTE",
    218    "MI": "MINUTE",
    219    "MIN": "MINUTE",
    220    "MINUTES": "MINUTE",
    221    "MINS": "MINUTE",
    222    "S": "SECOND",
    223    "SEC": "SECOND",
    224    "SECONDS": "SECOND",
    225    "SECS": "SECOND",
    226    "MS": "MILLISECOND",
    227    "MSEC": "MILLISECOND",
    228    "MILLISECONDS": "MILLISECOND",
    229    "US": "MICROSECOND",
    230    "USEC": "MICROSECOND",
    231    "MICROSECONDS": "MICROSECOND",
    232    "NS": "NANOSECOND",
    233    "NSEC": "NANOSECOND",
    234    "NANOSEC": "NANOSECOND",
    235    "NSECOND": "NANOSECOND",
    236    "NSECONDS": "NANOSECOND",
    237    "NANOSECS": "NANOSECOND",
    238    "EPOCH": "EPOCH_SECOND",
    239    "EPOCH_SECONDS": "EPOCH_SECOND",
    240    "EPOCH_MILLISECONDS": "EPOCH_MILLISECOND",
    241    "EPOCH_MICROSECONDS": "EPOCH_MICROSECOND",
    242    "EPOCH_NANOSECONDS": "EPOCH_NANOSECOND",
    243    "TZH": "TIMEZONE_HOUR",
    244    "TZM": "TIMEZONE_MINUTE",
    245}
    246
    247
    248@t.overload
    249def _map_date_part(part: exp.Expression) -> exp.Var:
    250    pass
    251
    252
    253@t.overload
    254def _map_date_part(part: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    255    pass
    256
    257
    258def _map_date_part(part):
    259    mapped = DATE_PART_MAPPING.get(part.name.upper()) if part else None
    260    return exp.var(mapped) if mapped else part
    261
    262
    263def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
    264    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
    265    trunc.set("unit", _map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
    266    return trunc
    267
    268
    269def _parse_colon_get_path(
    270    self: parser.Parser, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]
    271) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    272    while True:
    273        path = self._parse_bitwise()
    274
    275        # The cast :: operator has a lower precedence than the extraction operator :, so
    276        # we rearrange the AST appropriately to avoid casting the 2nd argument of GET_PATH
    277        if isinstance(path, exp.Cast):
    278            target_type = path.to
    279            path = path.this
    280        else:
    281            target_type = None
    282
    283        if isinstance(path, exp.Expression):
    284            path = exp.Literal.string(path.sql(dialect="snowflake"))
    285
    286        # The extraction operator : is left-associative
    287        this = self.expression(
    288            exp.JSONExtract, this=this, expression=self.dialect.to_json_path(path)
    289        )
    290
    291        if target_type:
    292            this = exp.cast(this, target_type)
    293
    294        if not self._match(TokenType.COLON):
    295            break
    296
    297    return self._parse_range(this)
    298
    299
    300def _parse_timestamp_from_parts(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
    301    if len(args) == 2:
    302        # Other dialects don't have the TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS(date, time) concept,
    303        # so we parse this into Anonymous for now instead of introducing complexity
    304        return exp.Anonymous(this="TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS", expressions=args)
    305
    306    return exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
    307
    308
    309def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    310    """
    311    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
    312    so we need to unqualify them.
    313
    314    Example:
    315        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
    316        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
    317        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
    318        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
    319    """
    320    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
    321        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
    322
    323    return expression
    324
    325
    326class Snowflake(Dialect):
    327    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
    328    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
    329    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
    330    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
    331    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    332    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    333    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
    334    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    335
    336    TIME_MAPPING = {
    337        "YYYY": "%Y",
    338        "yyyy": "%Y",
    339        "YY": "%y",
    340        "yy": "%y",
    341        "MMMM": "%B",
    342        "mmmm": "%B",
    343        "MON": "%b",
    344        "mon": "%b",
    345        "MM": "%m",
    346        "mm": "%m",
    347        "DD": "%d",
    348        "dd": "%-d",
    349        "DY": "%a",
    350        "dy": "%w",
    351        "HH24": "%H",
    352        "hh24": "%H",
    353        "HH12": "%I",
    354        "hh12": "%I",
    355        "MI": "%M",
    356        "mi": "%M",
    357        "SS": "%S",
    358        "ss": "%S",
    359        "FF": "%f",
    360        "ff": "%f",
    361        "FF6": "%f",
    362        "ff6": "%f",
    363    }
    364
    365    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    366        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    367        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    368        if (
    369            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    370            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    371            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    372        ):
    373            return expression  # type: ignore
    374
    375        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
    376
    377    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    378        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    379
    380        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    381
    382        FUNCTIONS = {
    383            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    384            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    385            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    386            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    387                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    388            ),
    389            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    390                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    391                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    392                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    393                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    394            ),
    395            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    396            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    397            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    398            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    399            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    400            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    401            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    402                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    403                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    404                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
    405            ),
    406            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    407            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    408            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    409            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    410                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    411            ),
    412            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    413            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    414                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    415            ),
    416            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    417            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    418            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    419            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    420            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    421            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    422            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    423            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    424            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    425            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    426            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    427            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    428            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    429            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    430        }
    431
    432        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    433            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    434            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    435            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    436        }
    437        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    438
    439        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    440
    441        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    442            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    443            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    444            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    445            TokenType.COLON: _parse_colon_get_path,
    446        }
    447
    448        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    449            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    450            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    451            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    452                exp.Set,
    453                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    454                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    455                unset=True,
    456            ),
    457            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    458        }
    459
    460        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    461            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    462            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    463        }
    464
    465        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    466            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    467            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    468        }
    469
    470        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    471            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    472            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    473            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    474            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    475            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    476            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    477            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    478            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    479            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    480            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    481            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    482        }
    483
    484        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    485            TokenType.DOT,
    486            TokenType.MOD,
    487            TokenType.SLASH,
    488        }
    489
    490        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    491
    492        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    493            if is_map:
    494                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    495                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    496                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    497                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    498
    499            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
    500
    501        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    502            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    503            if not lateral:
    504                return lateral
    505
    506            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    507                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    508                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    509                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    510                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    511                elif not table_alias:
    512                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    513
    514            return lateral
    515
    516        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
    517            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    518            index = self._index
    519            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
    520                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    521                kind = (
    522                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    523                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    524                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    525                )
    526                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    527
    528                if expression:
    529                    self._match_r_paren()
    530                    when = self.expression(
    531                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    532                    )
    533                    table.set("when", when)
    534                else:
    535                    self._retreat(index)
    536
    537            return table
    538
    539        def _parse_table_parts(
    540            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False
    541        ) -> exp.Table:
    542            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    543            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    544                table = self._parse_string()
    545            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    546                table = self._parse_location_path()
    547            else:
    548                table = None
    549
    550            if table:
    551                file_format = None
    552                pattern = None
    553
    554                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    555                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    556                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    557                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    558                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    559                        )
    560                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    561                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    562                    else:
    563                        break
    564
    565                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    566
    567                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    568            else:
    569                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    570
    571            return self._parse_at_before(table)
    572
    573        def _parse_id_var(
    574            self,
    575            any_token: bool = True,
    576            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    577        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    578            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    579                identifier = (
    580                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    581                    or self._parse_string()
    582                )
    583                self._match_r_paren()
    584                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    585
    586            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    587
    588        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    589            scope = None
    590            scope_kind = None
    591
    592            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    593            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    594            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    595
    596            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    597
    598            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    599
    600            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    601                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    602                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    603                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    604                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    605                    if self._curr:
    606                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    607                elif self._curr:
    608                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in ("OBJECTS", "TABLES") else "TABLE"
    609                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    610
    611            return self.expression(
    612                exp.Show,
    613                **{
    614                    "terse": terse,
    615                    "this": this,
    616                    "history": history,
    617                    "like": like,
    618                    "scope": scope,
    619                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    620                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    621                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    622                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    623                },
    624            )
    625
    626        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    627            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    628            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    629
    630        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    631            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    632            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    633
    634        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    635            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    636
    637            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    638            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
    639            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
    640                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    641
    642            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    643
    644    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    645        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    646        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    647        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    648        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    649
    650        KEYWORDS = {
    651            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    652            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    653            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    654            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    655            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    656            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    657            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    658            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    659            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    660            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    661            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    662            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    663            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    664            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    665            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    666            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    667            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    668            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    669            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    670            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    671            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    672            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    673        }
    674
    675        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    676            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    677            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    678        }
    679
    680        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    681
    682        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
    683
    684    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    685        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    686        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    687        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    688        JOIN_HINTS = False
    689        TABLE_HINTS = False
    690        QUERY_HINTS = False
    691        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    692        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    693        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    694        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    695        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    696        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
    697
    698        TRANSFORMS = {
    699            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    700            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    701            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    702            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    703            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    704            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    705            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    706            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    707                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    708            ),
    709            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    710            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    711            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    712            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    713            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    714            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    715            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    716            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    717            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    718            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    719            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    720                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
    721            ),
    722            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    723                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    724            ),
    725            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    726            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    727            exp.JSONExtract: rename_func("GET_PATH"),
    728            exp.JSONExtractScalar: rename_func("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT"),
    729            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    730            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
    731            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    732            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    733            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    734            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    735            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    736            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    737            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    738                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    739            ),
    740            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    741                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    742            ),
    743            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
    744            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    745            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    746            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    747                [
    748                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    749                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    750                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    751                ]
    752            ),
    753            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    754            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    755            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    756            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    757                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    758            ),
    759            exp.StrToTime: lambda self,
    760            e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    761            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    762                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    763                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    764            ),
    765            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    766            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    767                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    768            ),
    769            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    770            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    771            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    772                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    773            ),
    774            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    775            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    776            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    777            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    778            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    779            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    780            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
    781            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    782            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    783            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    784        }
    785
    786        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    787            exp.JSONPathKey,
    788            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    789            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    790        }
    791
    792        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    793            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    794            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    795        }
    796
    797        STAR_MAPPING = {
    798            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    799            "replace": "RENAME",
    800        }
    801
    802        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    803            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    804            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    805            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    806        }
    807
    808        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    809            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    810            if milli is not None:
    811                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    812                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    813
    814            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    815
    816        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    817            value = expression.this
    818
    819            if value.type is None:
    820                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    821
    822                value = annotate_types(value)
    823
    824            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    825                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    826
    827            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    828            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    829
    830        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    831            if not expression.expression:
    832                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    833
    834            return super().log_sql(expression)
    835
    836        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    837            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    838            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    839
    840            columns = [
    841                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    842                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    843                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    844                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    845                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    846                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    847                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    848            ]
    849
    850            if unnest_alias:
    851                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    852            else:
    853                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    854
    855            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    856            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    857            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    858            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    859
    860        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    861            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    862            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    863            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    864            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    865
    866            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    867            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    868
    869            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    870            if scope_kind:
    871                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    872
    873            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    874            if starts_with:
    875                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    876
    877            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    878
    879            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    880            if from_:
    881                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    882
    883            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    884
    885        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    886            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    887            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    888            group = expression.args.get("group")
    889            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    890            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    891            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    892
    893            return self.func(
    894                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    895                expression.this,
    896                expression.expression,
    897                position,
    898                occurrence,
    899                parameters,
    900                group,
    901            )
    902
    903        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    904            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    905                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    906            return super().except_op(expression)
    907
    908        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    909            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    910                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    911            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    912
    913        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    914            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    915            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    916            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    917            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    918            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    919            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    920            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    921
    922        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    923            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    924        ) -> str:
    925            start = expression.args.get("start")
    926            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    927            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    928            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    929            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    930
    931        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    932            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    933            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    934
    935        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    936            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
    937
    938        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    939            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

DATE_PART_MAPPING = {'Y': 'YEAR', 'YY': 'YEAR', 'YYY': 'YEAR', 'YYYY': 'YEAR', 'YR': 'YEAR', 'YEARS': 'YEAR', 'YRS': 'YEAR', 'MM': 'MONTH', 'MON': 'MONTH', 'MONS': 'MONTH', 'MONTHS': 'MONTH', 'D': 'DAY', 'DD': 'DAY', 'DAYS': 'DAY', 'DAYOFMONTH': 'DAY', 'WEEKDAY': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DOW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'WEEKDAY_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DOW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'YEARDAY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DOY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'W': 'WEEK', 'WK': 'WEEK', 'WEEKOFYEAR': 'WEEK', 'WOY': 'WEEK', 'WY': 'WEEK', 'WEEK_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'Q': 'QUARTER', 'QTR': 'QUARTER', 'QTRS': 'QUARTER', 'QUARTERS': 'QUARTER', 'H': 'HOUR', 'HH': 'HOUR', 'HR': 'HOUR', 'HOURS': 'HOUR', 'HRS': 'HOUR', 'M': 'MINUTE', 'MI': 'MINUTE', 'MIN': 'MINUTE', 'MINUTES': 'MINUTE', 'MINS': 'MINUTE', 'S': 'SECOND', 'SEC': 'SECOND', 'SECONDS': 'SECOND', 'SECS': 'SECOND', 'MS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'US': 'MICROSECOND', 'USEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'NS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECOND': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECONDS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSECS': 'NANOSECOND', 'EPOCH': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_SECONDS': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS': 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS': 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS': 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'TZH': 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'TZM': 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE'}
class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    327class Snowflake(Dialect):
    328    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
    329    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
    330    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
    331    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
    332    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    333    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    334    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
    335    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    336
    337    TIME_MAPPING = {
    338        "YYYY": "%Y",
    339        "yyyy": "%Y",
    340        "YY": "%y",
    341        "yy": "%y",
    342        "MMMM": "%B",
    343        "mmmm": "%B",
    344        "MON": "%b",
    345        "mon": "%b",
    346        "MM": "%m",
    347        "mm": "%m",
    348        "DD": "%d",
    349        "dd": "%-d",
    350        "DY": "%a",
    351        "dy": "%w",
    352        "HH24": "%H",
    353        "hh24": "%H",
    354        "HH12": "%I",
    355        "hh12": "%I",
    356        "MI": "%M",
    357        "mi": "%M",
    358        "SS": "%S",
    359        "ss": "%S",
    360        "FF": "%f",
    361        "ff": "%f",
    362        "FF6": "%f",
    363        "ff6": "%f",
    364    }
    365
    366    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    367        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    368        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    369        if (
    370            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    371            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    372            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    373        ):
    374            return expression  # type: ignore
    375
    376        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
    377
    378    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    379        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    380
    381        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    382
    383        FUNCTIONS = {
    384            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    385            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    386            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    387            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    388                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    389            ),
    390            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    391                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    392                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    393                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    394                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    395            ),
    396            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    397            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    398            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    399            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    400            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    401            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    402            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    403                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    404                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    405                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
    406            ),
    407            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    408            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    409            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    410            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    411                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    412            ),
    413            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    414            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    415                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    416            ),
    417            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    418            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    419            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    420            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    421            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    422            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    423            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    424            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    425            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    426            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    427            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    428            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    429            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    430            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    431        }
    432
    433        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    434            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    435            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    436            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    437        }
    438        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    439
    440        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    441
    442        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    443            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    444            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    445            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    446            TokenType.COLON: _parse_colon_get_path,
    447        }
    448
    449        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    450            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    451            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    452            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    453                exp.Set,
    454                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    455                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    456                unset=True,
    457            ),
    458            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    459        }
    460
    461        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    462            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    463            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    464        }
    465
    466        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    467            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    468            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    469        }
    470
    471        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    472            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    473            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    474            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    475            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    476            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    477            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    478            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    479            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    480            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    481            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    482            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    483        }
    484
    485        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    486            TokenType.DOT,
    487            TokenType.MOD,
    488            TokenType.SLASH,
    489        }
    490
    491        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    492
    493        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    494            if is_map:
    495                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    496                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    497                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    498                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    499
    500            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
    501
    502        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    503            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    504            if not lateral:
    505                return lateral
    506
    507            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    508                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    509                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    510                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    511                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    512                elif not table_alias:
    513                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    514
    515            return lateral
    516
    517        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
    518            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    519            index = self._index
    520            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
    521                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    522                kind = (
    523                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    524                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    525                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    526                )
    527                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    528
    529                if expression:
    530                    self._match_r_paren()
    531                    when = self.expression(
    532                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    533                    )
    534                    table.set("when", when)
    535                else:
    536                    self._retreat(index)
    537
    538            return table
    539
    540        def _parse_table_parts(
    541            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False
    542        ) -> exp.Table:
    543            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    544            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    545                table = self._parse_string()
    546            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    547                table = self._parse_location_path()
    548            else:
    549                table = None
    550
    551            if table:
    552                file_format = None
    553                pattern = None
    554
    555                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    556                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    557                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    558                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    559                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    560                        )
    561                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    562                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    563                    else:
    564                        break
    565
    566                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    567
    568                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    569            else:
    570                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    571
    572            return self._parse_at_before(table)
    573
    574        def _parse_id_var(
    575            self,
    576            any_token: bool = True,
    577            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    578        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    579            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    580                identifier = (
    581                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    582                    or self._parse_string()
    583                )
    584                self._match_r_paren()
    585                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    586
    587            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    588
    589        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    590            scope = None
    591            scope_kind = None
    592
    593            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    594            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    595            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    596
    597            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    598
    599            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    600
    601            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    602                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    603                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    604                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    605                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    606                    if self._curr:
    607                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    608                elif self._curr:
    609                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in ("OBJECTS", "TABLES") else "TABLE"
    610                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    611
    612            return self.expression(
    613                exp.Show,
    614                **{
    615                    "terse": terse,
    616                    "this": this,
    617                    "history": history,
    618                    "like": like,
    619                    "scope": scope,
    620                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    621                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    622                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    623                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    624                },
    625            )
    626
    627        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    628            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    629            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    630
    631        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    632            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    633            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    634
    635        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    636            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    637
    638            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    639            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
    640            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
    641                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    642
    643            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    644
    645    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    646        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    647        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    648        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    649        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    650
    651        KEYWORDS = {
    652            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    653            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    654            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    655            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    656            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    657            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    658            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    659            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    660            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    661            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    662            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    663            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    664            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    665            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    666            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    667            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    668            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    669            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    670            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    671            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    672            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    673            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    674        }
    675
    676        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    677            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    678            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    679        }
    680
    681        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    682
    683        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
    684
    685    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    686        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    687        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    688        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    689        JOIN_HINTS = False
    690        TABLE_HINTS = False
    691        QUERY_HINTS = False
    692        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    693        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    694        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    695        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    696        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    697        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
    698
    699        TRANSFORMS = {
    700            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    701            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    702            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    703            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    704            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    705            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    706            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    707            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    708                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    709            ),
    710            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    711            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    712            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    713            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    714            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    715            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    716            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    717            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    718            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    719            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    720            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    721                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
    722            ),
    723            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    724                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    725            ),
    726            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    727            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    728            exp.JSONExtract: rename_func("GET_PATH"),
    729            exp.JSONExtractScalar: rename_func("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT"),
    730            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    731            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
    732            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    733            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    734            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    735            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    736            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    737            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    738            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    739                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    740            ),
    741            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    742                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    743            ),
    744            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
    745            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    746            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    747            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    748                [
    749                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    750                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    751                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    752                ]
    753            ),
    754            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    755            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    756            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    757            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    758                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    759            ),
    760            exp.StrToTime: lambda self,
    761            e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    762            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    763                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    764                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    765            ),
    766            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    767            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    768                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    769            ),
    770            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    771            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    772            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    773                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    774            ),
    775            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    776            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    777            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    778            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    779            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    780            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    781            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
    782            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    783            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    784            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    785        }
    786
    787        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    788            exp.JSONPathKey,
    789            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    790            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    791        }
    792
    793        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    794            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    795            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    796        }
    797
    798        STAR_MAPPING = {
    799            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    800            "replace": "RENAME",
    801        }
    802
    803        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    804            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    805            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    806            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    807        }
    808
    809        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    810            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    811            if milli is not None:
    812                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    813                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    814
    815            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    816
    817        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    818            value = expression.this
    819
    820            if value.type is None:
    821                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    822
    823                value = annotate_types(value)
    824
    825            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    826                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    827
    828            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    829            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    830
    831        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    832            if not expression.expression:
    833                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    834
    835            return super().log_sql(expression)
    836
    837        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    838            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    839            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    840
    841            columns = [
    842                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    843                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    844                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    845                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    846                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    847                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    848                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    849            ]
    850
    851            if unnest_alias:
    852                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    853            else:
    854                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    855
    856            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    857            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    858            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    859            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    860
    861        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    862            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    863            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    864            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    865            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    866
    867            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    868            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    869
    870            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    871            if scope_kind:
    872                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    873
    874            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    875            if starts_with:
    876                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    877
    878            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    879
    880            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    881            if from_:
    882                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    883
    884            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    885
    886        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    887            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    888            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    889            group = expression.args.get("group")
    890            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    891            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    892            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    893
    894            return self.func(
    895                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    896                expression.this,
    897                expression.expression,
    898                position,
    899                occurrence,
    900                parameters,
    901                group,
    902            )
    903
    904        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    905            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    906                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    907            return super().except_op(expression)
    908
    909        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    910            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    911                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    912            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    913
    914        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    915            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    916            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    917            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    918            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    919            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    920            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    921            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    922
    923        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    924            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    925        ) -> str:
    926            start = expression.args.get("start")
    927            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    928            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    929            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    930            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    931
    932        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    933            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    934            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    935
    936        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    937            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
    938
    939        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    940            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Indicates the default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Determines whether or not user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Determines whether or not `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

    will be rewritten as

    WITH y(c) AS (
        SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
    ) SELECT c FROM y;

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Determines whether or not a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` format.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    366    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    367        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    368        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    369        if (
    370            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    371            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    372            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    373        ):
    374            return expression  # type: ignore
    375
    376        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an `Identifier`, this method is a no-op.
- identify: If set to `False`, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  ESCAPE_SEQUENCES
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    378    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    379        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    380
    381        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    382
    383        FUNCTIONS = {
    384            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    385            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    386            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    387            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    388                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    389            ),
    390            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    391                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    392                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    393                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    394                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    395            ),
    396            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    397            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    398            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    399            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    400            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    401            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    402            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    403                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    404                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    405                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
    406            ),
    407            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    408            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    409            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    410            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    411                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    412            ),
    413            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    414            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    415                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    416            ),
    417            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    418            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    419            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    420            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    421            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    422            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    423            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    424            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    425            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    426            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    427            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    428            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    429            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    430            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    431        }
    432
    433        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    434            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    435            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    436            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    437        }
    438        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    439
    440        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    441
    442        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    443            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    444            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    445            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    446            TokenType.COLON: _parse_colon_get_path,
    447        }
    448
    449        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    450            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    451            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    452            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    453                exp.Set,
    454                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    455                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    456                unset=True,
    457            ),
    458            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    459        }
    460
    461        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    462            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    463            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    464        }
    465
    466        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    467            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    468            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    469        }
    470
    471        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    472            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    473            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    474            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    475            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    476            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    477            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    478            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    479            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    480            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    481            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    482            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    483        }
    484
    485        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    486            TokenType.DOT,
    487            TokenType.MOD,
    488            TokenType.SLASH,
    489        }
    490
    491        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    492
    493        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    494            if is_map:
    495                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    496                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    497                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    498                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    499
    500            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
    501
    502        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    503            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    504            if not lateral:
    505                return lateral
    506
    507            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    508                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    509                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    510                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    511                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    512                elif not table_alias:
    513                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    514
    515            return lateral
    516
    517        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
    518            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    519            index = self._index
    520            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
    521                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    522                kind = (
    523                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    524                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    525                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    526                )
    527                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    528
    529                if expression:
    530                    self._match_r_paren()
    531                    when = self.expression(
    532                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    533                    )
    534                    table.set("when", when)
    535                else:
    536                    self._retreat(index)
    537
    538            return table
    539
    540        def _parse_table_parts(
    541            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False
    542        ) -> exp.Table:
    543            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    544            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    545                table = self._parse_string()
    546            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    547                table = self._parse_location_path()
    548            else:
    549                table = None
    550
    551            if table:
    552                file_format = None
    553                pattern = None
    554
    555                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    556                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    557                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    558                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    559                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    560                        )
    561                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    562                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    563                    else:
    564                        break
    565
    566                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    567
    568                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    569            else:
    570                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    571
    572            return self._parse_at_before(table)
    573
    574        def _parse_id_var(
    575            self,
    576            any_token: bool = True,
    577            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    578        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    579            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    580                identifier = (
    581                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    582                    or self._parse_string()
    583                )
    584                self._match_r_paren()
    585                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    586
    587            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    588
    589        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    590            scope = None
    591            scope_kind = None
    592
    593            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    594            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    595            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    596
    597            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    598
    599            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    600
    601            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    602                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    603                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    604                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    605                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    606                    if self._curr:
    607                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    608                elif self._curr:
    609                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in ("OBJECTS", "TABLES") else "TABLE"
    610                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    611
    612            return self.expression(
    613                exp.Show,
    614                **{
    615                    "terse": terse,
    616                    "this": this,
    617                    "history": history,
    618                    "like": like,
    619                    "scope": scope,
    620                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    621                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    622                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    623                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    624                },
    625            )
    626
    627        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    628            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    629            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    630
    631        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    632            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    633            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    634
    635        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    636            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    637
    638            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    639            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
    640            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
    641                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    642
    643            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function parse_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._parser>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function parse_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._parser>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function parse_logarithm>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _parse_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function _parse_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function _parse_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function parse_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._parser>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'ARRAYAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function _parse_convert_timezone>, 'DATEADD': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DIV0': <function _div0_to_if>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _nullifzero_to_if>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _parse_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_to_timestamp>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _zeroifnull_to_if>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function _parse_date_part>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>: <function _parse_colon_get_path>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'USERS': {0: True}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ID_VAR_TOKENS
  INTERVAL_VARS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  MODIFIABLES
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
  UNION_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    645    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    646        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    647        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    648        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    649        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    650
    651        KEYWORDS = {
    652            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    653            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    654            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    655            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    656            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    657            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    658            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    659            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    660            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    661            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    662            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    663            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    664            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    665            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    666            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    667            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    668            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    669            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    670            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    671            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    672            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    673            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    674        }
    675
    676        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    677            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    678            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    679        }
    680
    681        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    682
    683        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, "'": <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '`': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '"': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  QUOTES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  peek
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    685    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    686        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    687        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    688        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    689        JOIN_HINTS = False
    690        TABLE_HINTS = False
    691        QUERY_HINTS = False
    692        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    693        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    694        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    695        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    696        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    697        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
    698
    699        TRANSFORMS = {
    700            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    701            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    702            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    703            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    704            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    705            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    706            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    707            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    708                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    709            ),
    710            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    711            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    712            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    713            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    714            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    715            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    716            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    717            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    718            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    719            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    720            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    721                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
    722            ),
    723            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    724                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    725            ),
    726            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    727            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    728            exp.JSONExtract: rename_func("GET_PATH"),
    729            exp.JSONExtractScalar: rename_func("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT"),
    730            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    731            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
    732            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    733            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    734            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    735            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    736            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    737            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    738            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    739                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    740            ),
    741            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    742                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    743            ),
    744            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
    745            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    746            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    747            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    748                [
    749                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    750                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    751                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    752                ]
    753            ),
    754            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    755            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    756            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    757            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    758                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    759            ),
    760            exp.StrToTime: lambda self,
    761            e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    762            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    763                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    764                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    765            ),
    766            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    767            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    768                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    769            ),
    770            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    771            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    772            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    773                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    774            ),
    775            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    776            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    777            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    778            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    779            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    780            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    781            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
    782            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    783            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    784            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    785        }
    786
    787        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    788            exp.JSONPathKey,
    789            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    790            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    791        }
    792
    793        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    794            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    795            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    796        }
    797
    798        STAR_MAPPING = {
    799            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    800            "replace": "RENAME",
    801        }
    802
    803        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    804            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    805            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    806            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    807        }
    808
    809        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    810            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    811            if milli is not None:
    812                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    813                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    814
    815            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    816
    817        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    818            value = expression.this
    819
    820            if value.type is None:
    821                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    822
    823                value = annotate_types(value)
    824
    825            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    826                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    827
    828            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    829            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    830
    831        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    832            if not expression.expression:
    833                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    834
    835            return super().log_sql(expression)
    836
    837        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    838            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    839            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    840
    841            columns = [
    842                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    843                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    844                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    845                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    846                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    847                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    848                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    849            ]
    850
    851            if unnest_alias:
    852                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    853            else:
    854                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    855
    856            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    857            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    858            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    859            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    860
    861        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    862            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    863            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    864            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    865            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    866
    867            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    868            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    869
    870            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    871            if scope_kind:
    872                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    873
    874            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    875            if starts_with:
    876                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    877
    878            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    879
    880            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    881            if from_:
    882                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    883
    884            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    885
    886        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    887            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    888            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    889            group = expression.args.get("group")
    890            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    891            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    892            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    893
    894            return self.func(
    895                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    896                expression.this,
    897                expression.expression,
    898                position,
    899                occurrence,
    900                parameters,
    901                group,
    902            )
    903
    904        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    905            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    906                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    907            return super().except_op(expression)
    908
    909        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    910            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    911                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    912            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    913
    914        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    915            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    916            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    917            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    918            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    919            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    920            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    921            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    922
    923        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    924            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    925        ) -> str:
    926            start = expression.args.get("start")
    927            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    928            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    929            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    930            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    931
    932        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    933            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    934            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    935
    936        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    937            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
    938
    939        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    940            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function _datatype_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'}
STAR_MAPPING = {'except': 'EXCLUDE', 'replace': 'RENAME'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str: View Source

    809        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    810            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    811            if milli is not None:
    812                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    813                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    814
    815            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    817        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    818            value = expression.this
    819
    820            if value.type is None:
    821                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    822
    823                value = annotate_types(value)
    824
    825            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    826                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    827
    828            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    829            return self.cast_sql(expression)

def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str: View Source

    831        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    832            if not expression.expression:
    833                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    834
    835            return super().log_sql(expression)

def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    837        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    838            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    839            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    840
    841            columns = [
    842                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    843                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    844                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    845                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    846                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    847                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    848                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    849            ]
    850
    851            if unnest_alias:
    852                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    853            else:
    854                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    855
    856            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    857            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    858            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    859            return f"{explode}{alias}"

def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str: View Source

    861        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    862            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    863            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    864            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    865            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    866
    867            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    868            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    869
    870            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    871            if scope_kind:
    872                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    873
    874            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    875            if starts_with:
    876                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    877
    878            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    879
    880            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    881            if from_:
    882                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    883
    884            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"

def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract) -> str: View Source

    886        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    887            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    888            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    889            group = expression.args.get("group")
    890            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    891            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    892            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    893
    894            return self.func(
    895                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    896                expression.this,
    897                expression.expression,
    898                position,
    899                occurrence,
    900                parameters,
    901                group,
    902            )

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    904        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    905            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    906                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    907            return super().except_op(expression)

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    909        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    910            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    911                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    912            return super().intersect_op(expression)

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    914        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    915            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    916            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    917            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    918            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    919            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    920            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    921            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    923        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    924            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    925        ) -> str:
    926            start = expression.args.get("start")
    927            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    928            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    929            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    930            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

def swaptable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable) -> str: View Source

    932        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    933            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    934            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    936        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    937            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")

def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str: View Source

    939        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    940            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  EXPLICIT_UNION
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  clone_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_having_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  union_sql
  union_op
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  currenttimestamp_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  altertable_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  or_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  set_operation
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  operator_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql