sqlglot.dialects.snowflake API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    NormalizationStrategy,
      9    binary_from_function,
     10    date_delta_sql,
     11    date_trunc_to_time,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    format_time_lambda,
     14    if_sql,
     15    inline_array_sql,
     16    max_or_greatest,
     17    min_or_least,
     18    rename_func,
     19    timestamptrunc_sql,
     20    timestrtotime_sql,
     21    var_map_sql,
     22)
     23from sqlglot.expressions import Literal
     24from sqlglot.helper import is_int, seq_get
     25from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     26
     27if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     28    from sqlglot._typing import E
     29
     30
     31# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
     32def _parse_to_timestamp(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StrToTime, exp.UnixToTime, exp.TimeStrToTime]:
     33    if len(args) == 2:
     34        first_arg, second_arg = args
     35        if second_arg.is_string:
     36            # case: <string_expr> [ , <format> ]
     37            return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
     38        return exp.UnixToTime(this=first_arg, scale=second_arg)
     39
     40    from sqlglot.optimizer.simplify import simplify_literals
     41
     42    # The first argument might be an expression like 40 * 365 * 86400, so we try to
     43    # reduce it using `simplify_literals` first and then check if it's a Literal.
     44    first_arg = seq_get(args, 0)
     45    if not isinstance(simplify_literals(first_arg, root=True), Literal):
     46        # case: <variant_expr> or other expressions such as columns
     47        return exp.TimeStrToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     48
     49    if first_arg.is_string:
     50        if is_int(first_arg.this):
     51            # case: <integer>
     52            return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     53
     54        # case: <date_expr>
     55        return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args)
     56
     57    # case: <numeric_expr>
     58    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     59
     60
     61def _parse_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
     62    expression = parser.parse_var_map(args)
     63
     64    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
     65        return expression
     66
     67    return exp.Struct(
     68        expressions=[
     69            t.cast(exp.Condition, k).eq(v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
     70        ]
     71    )
     72
     73
     74def _parse_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
     75    return exp.DateDiff(
     76        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
     77    )
     78
     79
     80# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     81# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     82def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     83    this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     84
     85    if not this:
     86        return None
     87
     88    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     89    expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     90    this = _map_date_part(this)
     91    name = this.name.upper()
     92
     93    if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     94        if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     95            scale = 10**3
     96        elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     97            scale = 10**6
     98        elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     99            scale = 10**9
    100        else:
    101            scale = None
    102
    103        ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    104        to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    105
    106        if scale:
    107            to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    108
    109        return to_unix
    110
    111    return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    112
    113
    114# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
    115def _div0_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    116    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
    117    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
    118    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
    119    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
    120
    121
    122# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
    123def _zeroifnull_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    124    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
    125    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
    126
    127
    128# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
    129def _nullifzero_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    130    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
    131    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
    132
    133
    134def _datatype_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    135    if expression.is_type("array"):
    136        return "ARRAY"
    137    elif expression.is_type("map"):
    138        return "OBJECT"
    139    return self.datatype_sql(expression)
    140
    141
    142def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
    143    flag = expression.text("flag")
    144
    145    if "i" not in flag:
    146        flag += "i"
    147
    148    return self.func(
    149        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
    150    )
    151
    152
    153def _parse_convert_timezone(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.Anonymous, exp.AtTimeZone]:
    154    if len(args) == 3:
    155        return exp.Anonymous(this="CONVERT_TIMEZONE", expressions=args)
    156    return exp.AtTimeZone(this=seq_get(args, 1), zone=seq_get(args, 0))
    157
    158
    159def _parse_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
    160    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
    161
    162    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
    163        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
    164
    165    return regexp_replace
    166
    167
    168def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
    169    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
    170        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
    171
    172    return _parse
    173
    174
    175DATE_PART_MAPPING = {
    176    "Y": "YEAR",
    177    "YY": "YEAR",
    178    "YYY": "YEAR",
    179    "YYYY": "YEAR",
    180    "YR": "YEAR",
    181    "YEARS": "YEAR",
    182    "YRS": "YEAR",
    183    "MM": "MONTH",
    184    "MON": "MONTH",
    185    "MONS": "MONTH",
    186    "MONTHS": "MONTH",
    187    "D": "DAY",
    188    "DD": "DAY",
    189    "DAYS": "DAY",
    190    "DAYOFMONTH": "DAY",
    191    "WEEKDAY": "DAYOFWEEK",
    192    "DOW": "DAYOFWEEK",
    193    "DW": "DAYOFWEEK",
    194    "WEEKDAY_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
    195    "DOW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
    196    "DW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
    197    "YEARDAY": "DAYOFYEAR",
    198    "DOY": "DAYOFYEAR",
    199    "DY": "DAYOFYEAR",
    200    "W": "WEEK",
    201    "WK": "WEEK",
    202    "WEEKOFYEAR": "WEEK",
    203    "WOY": "WEEK",
    204    "WY": "WEEK",
    205    "WEEK_ISO": "WEEKISO",
    206    "WEEKOFYEARISO": "WEEKISO",
    207    "WEEKOFYEAR_ISO": "WEEKISO",
    208    "Q": "QUARTER",
    209    "QTR": "QUARTER",
    210    "QTRS": "QUARTER",
    211    "QUARTERS": "QUARTER",
    212    "H": "HOUR",
    213    "HH": "HOUR",
    214    "HR": "HOUR",
    215    "HOURS": "HOUR",
    216    "HRS": "HOUR",
    217    "M": "MINUTE",
    218    "MI": "MINUTE",
    219    "MIN": "MINUTE",
    220    "MINUTES": "MINUTE",
    221    "MINS": "MINUTE",
    222    "S": "SECOND",
    223    "SEC": "SECOND",
    224    "SECONDS": "SECOND",
    225    "SECS": "SECOND",
    226    "MS": "MILLISECOND",
    227    "MSEC": "MILLISECOND",
    228    "MILLISECONDS": "MILLISECOND",
    229    "US": "MICROSECOND",
    230    "USEC": "MICROSECOND",
    231    "MICROSECONDS": "MICROSECOND",
    232    "NS": "NANOSECOND",
    233    "NSEC": "NANOSECOND",
    234    "NANOSEC": "NANOSECOND",
    235    "NSECOND": "NANOSECOND",
    236    "NSECONDS": "NANOSECOND",
    237    "NANOSECS": "NANOSECOND",
    238    "EPOCH": "EPOCH_SECOND",
    239    "EPOCH_SECONDS": "EPOCH_SECOND",
    240    "EPOCH_MILLISECONDS": "EPOCH_MILLISECOND",
    241    "EPOCH_MICROSECONDS": "EPOCH_MICROSECOND",
    242    "EPOCH_NANOSECONDS": "EPOCH_NANOSECOND",
    243    "TZH": "TIMEZONE_HOUR",
    244    "TZM": "TIMEZONE_MINUTE",
    245}
    246
    247
    248@t.overload
    249def _map_date_part(part: exp.Expression) -> exp.Var:
    250    pass
    251
    252
    253@t.overload
    254def _map_date_part(part: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    255    pass
    256
    257
    258def _map_date_part(part):
    259    mapped = DATE_PART_MAPPING.get(part.name.upper()) if part else None
    260    return exp.var(mapped) if mapped else part
    261
    262
    263def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
    264    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
    265    trunc.set("unit", _map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
    266    return trunc
    267
    268
    269def _parse_colon_get_path(
    270    self: parser.Parser, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]
    271) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    272    while True:
    273        path = self._parse_bitwise()
    274
    275        # The cast :: operator has a lower precedence than the extraction operator :, so
    276        # we rearrange the AST appropriately to avoid casting the 2nd argument of GET_PATH
    277        if isinstance(path, exp.Cast):
    278            target_type = path.to
    279            path = path.this
    280        else:
    281            target_type = None
    282
    283        if isinstance(path, exp.Expression):
    284            path = exp.Literal.string(path.sql(dialect="snowflake"))
    285
    286        # The extraction operator : is left-associative
    287        this = self.expression(
    288            exp.JSONExtract, this=this, expression=self.dialect.to_json_path(path)
    289        )
    290
    291        if target_type:
    292            this = exp.cast(this, target_type)
    293
    294        if not self._match(TokenType.COLON):
    295            break
    296
    297    return self._parse_range(this)
    298
    299
    300def _parse_timestamp_from_parts(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
    301    if len(args) == 2:
    302        # Other dialects don't have the TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS(date, time) concept,
    303        # so we parse this into Anonymous for now instead of introducing complexity
    304        return exp.Anonymous(this="TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS", expressions=args)
    305
    306    return exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
    307
    308
    309def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    310    """
    311    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
    312    so we need to unqualify them.
    313
    314    Example:
    315        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
    316        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
    317        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
    318        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
    319    """
    320    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
    321        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
    322
    323    return expression
    324
    325
    326class Snowflake(Dialect):
    327    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
    328    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
    329    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
    330    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
    331    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    332    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    333    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
    334    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    335
    336    TIME_MAPPING = {
    337        "YYYY": "%Y",
    338        "yyyy": "%Y",
    339        "YY": "%y",
    340        "yy": "%y",
    341        "MMMM": "%B",
    342        "mmmm": "%B",
    343        "MON": "%b",
    344        "mon": "%b",
    345        "MM": "%m",
    346        "mm": "%m",
    347        "DD": "%d",
    348        "dd": "%-d",
    349        "DY": "%a",
    350        "dy": "%w",
    351        "HH24": "%H",
    352        "hh24": "%H",
    353        "HH12": "%I",
    354        "hh12": "%I",
    355        "MI": "%M",
    356        "mi": "%M",
    357        "SS": "%S",
    358        "ss": "%S",
    359        "FF": "%f",
    360        "ff": "%f",
    361        "FF6": "%f",
    362        "ff6": "%f",
    363    }
    364
    365    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    366        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    367        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    368        if (
    369            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    370            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    371            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    372        ):
    373            return expression  # type: ignore
    374
    375        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
    376
    377    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    378        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    379
    380        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    381
    382        FUNCTIONS = {
    383            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    384            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    385            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    386            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    387                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    388            ),
    389            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    390                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    391                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    392                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    393                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    394            ),
    395            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    396            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    397            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    398            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    399            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    400            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    401            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    402                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    403                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    404                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
    405            ),
    406            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    407            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    408            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    409            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    410                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    411            ),
    412            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    413            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    414                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    415            ),
    416            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    417            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    418            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    419            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    420            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    421            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    422            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    423            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    424            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    425            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    426            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    427            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    428            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    429            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    430        }
    431
    432        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    433            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    434            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    435            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    436        }
    437        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    438
    439        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    440
    441        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    442            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    443            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    444            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    445            TokenType.COLON: _parse_colon_get_path,
    446        }
    447
    448        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    449            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    450            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    451            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    452                exp.Set,
    453                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    454                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    455                unset=True,
    456            ),
    457            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    458        }
    459
    460        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    461            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    462            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    463        }
    464
    465        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    466            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    467            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    468        }
    469
    470        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    471            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    472            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    473            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    474            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    475            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    476            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    477            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    478            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    479            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    480        }
    481
    482        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    483            TokenType.DOT,
    484            TokenType.MOD,
    485            TokenType.SLASH,
    486        }
    487
    488        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    489
    490        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    491            if is_map:
    492                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    493                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    494                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    495                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    496
    497            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
    498
    499        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    500            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    501            if not lateral:
    502                return lateral
    503
    504            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    505                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    506                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    507                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    508                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    509                elif not table_alias:
    510                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    511
    512            return lateral
    513
    514        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
    515            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    516            index = self._index
    517            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
    518                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    519                kind = (
    520                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    521                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    522                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    523                )
    524                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    525
    526                if expression:
    527                    self._match_r_paren()
    528                    when = self.expression(
    529                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    530                    )
    531                    table.set("when", when)
    532                else:
    533                    self._retreat(index)
    534
    535            return table
    536
    537        def _parse_table_parts(
    538            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False
    539        ) -> exp.Table:
    540            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    541            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    542                table = self._parse_string()
    543            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    544                table = self._parse_location_path()
    545            else:
    546                table = None
    547
    548            if table:
    549                file_format = None
    550                pattern = None
    551
    552                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    553                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    554                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    555                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    556                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    557                        )
    558                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    559                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    560                    else:
    561                        break
    562
    563                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    564
    565                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    566            else:
    567                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    568
    569            return self._parse_at_before(table)
    570
    571        def _parse_id_var(
    572            self,
    573            any_token: bool = True,
    574            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    575        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    576            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    577                identifier = (
    578                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    579                    or self._parse_string()
    580                )
    581                self._match_r_paren()
    582                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    583
    584            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    585
    586        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    587            scope = None
    588            scope_kind = None
    589
    590            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    591            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    592            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    593
    594            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    595
    596            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    597
    598            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    599                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    600                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    601                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    602                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    603                    if self._curr:
    604                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    605                elif self._curr:
    606                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in ("OBJECTS", "TABLES") else "TABLE"
    607                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    608
    609            return self.expression(
    610                exp.Show,
    611                **{
    612                    "terse": terse,
    613                    "this": this,
    614                    "history": history,
    615                    "like": like,
    616                    "scope": scope,
    617                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    618                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    619                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    620                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    621                },
    622            )
    623
    624        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    625            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    626            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    627
    628        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    629            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    630            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    631
    632        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    633            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    634
    635            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    636            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
    637            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
    638                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    639
    640            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    641
    642    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    643        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    644        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    645        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    646        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    647
    648        KEYWORDS = {
    649            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    650            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    651            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    652            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    653            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    654            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    655            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    656            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    657            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    658            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    659            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    660            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    661            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    662            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    663            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    664            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    665            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    666            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    667            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    668            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    669            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    670            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    671        }
    672
    673        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    674            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    675            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    676        }
    677
    678        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    679
    680        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
    681
    682    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    683        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    684        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    685        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    686        JOIN_HINTS = False
    687        TABLE_HINTS = False
    688        QUERY_HINTS = False
    689        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    690        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    691        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    692        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    693        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    694        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
    695
    696        TRANSFORMS = {
    697            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    698            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    699            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    700            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    701            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    702            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    703            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    704            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    705                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    706            ),
    707            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    708            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    709            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    710            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    711            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    712            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    713            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    714            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    715            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    716            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    717            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    718                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
    719            ),
    720            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    721                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    722            ),
    723            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    724            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    725            exp.JSONExtract: rename_func("GET_PATH"),
    726            exp.JSONExtractScalar: rename_func("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT"),
    727            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    728            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
    729            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    730            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    731            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    732            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    733            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    734            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    735            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    736                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    737            ),
    738            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    739                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    740            ),
    741            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
    742            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    743            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    744            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    745                [
    746                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    747                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    748                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    749                ]
    750            ),
    751            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    752            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    753            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    754            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    755                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    756            ),
    757            exp.StrToTime: lambda self,
    758            e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    759            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    760                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    761                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    762            ),
    763            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    764            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    765                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    766            ),
    767            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    768            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    769            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    770                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    771            ),
    772            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    773            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    774            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    775            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    776            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    777            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    778            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
    779            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    780            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    781            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    782        }
    783
    784        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    785            exp.JSONPathKey,
    786            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    787            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    788        }
    789
    790        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    791            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    792            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    793        }
    794
    795        STAR_MAPPING = {
    796            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    797            "replace": "RENAME",
    798        }
    799
    800        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    801            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    802            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    803            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    804        }
    805
    806        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    807            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    808            if milli is not None:
    809                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    810                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    811
    812            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    813
    814        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    815            value = expression.this
    816
    817            if value.type is None:
    818                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    819
    820                value = annotate_types(value)
    821
    822            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    823                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    824
    825            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    826            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    827
    828        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    829            if not expression.expression:
    830                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    831
    832            return super().log_sql(expression)
    833
    834        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    835            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    836            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    837
    838            columns = [
    839                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    840                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    841                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    842                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    843                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    844                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    845                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    846            ]
    847
    848            if unnest_alias:
    849                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    850            else:
    851                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    852
    853            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    854            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    855            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    856            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    857
    858        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    859            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    860            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    861            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    862            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    863
    864            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    865            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    866
    867            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    868            if scope_kind:
    869                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    870
    871            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    872            if starts_with:
    873                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    874
    875            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    876
    877            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    878            if from_:
    879                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    880
    881            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    882
    883        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    884            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    885            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    886            group = expression.args.get("group")
    887            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    888            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    889            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    890
    891            return self.func(
    892                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    893                expression.this,
    894                expression.expression,
    895                position,
    896                occurrence,
    897                parameters,
    898                group,
    899            )
    900
    901        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    902            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    903                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    904            return super().except_op(expression)
    905
    906        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    907            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    908                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    909            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    910
    911        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    912            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    913            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    914            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    915            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    916            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    917            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    918            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    919
    920        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    921            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    922        ) -> str:
    923            start = expression.args.get("start")
    924            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    925            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    926            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    927            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    928
    929        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    930            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    931            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    932
    933        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    934            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
    935
    936        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    937            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

DATE_PART_MAPPING = {'Y': 'YEAR', 'YY': 'YEAR', 'YYY': 'YEAR', 'YYYY': 'YEAR', 'YR': 'YEAR', 'YEARS': 'YEAR', 'YRS': 'YEAR', 'MM': 'MONTH', 'MON': 'MONTH', 'MONS': 'MONTH', 'MONTHS': 'MONTH', 'D': 'DAY', 'DD': 'DAY', 'DAYS': 'DAY', 'DAYOFMONTH': 'DAY', 'WEEKDAY': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DOW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'WEEKDAY_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DOW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'YEARDAY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DOY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'W': 'WEEK', 'WK': 'WEEK', 'WEEKOFYEAR': 'WEEK', 'WOY': 'WEEK', 'WY': 'WEEK', 'WEEK_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'Q': 'QUARTER', 'QTR': 'QUARTER', 'QTRS': 'QUARTER', 'QUARTERS': 'QUARTER', 'H': 'HOUR', 'HH': 'HOUR', 'HR': 'HOUR', 'HOURS': 'HOUR', 'HRS': 'HOUR', 'M': 'MINUTE', 'MI': 'MINUTE', 'MIN': 'MINUTE', 'MINUTES': 'MINUTE', 'MINS': 'MINUTE', 'S': 'SECOND', 'SEC': 'SECOND', 'SECONDS': 'SECOND', 'SECS': 'SECOND', 'MS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'US': 'MICROSECOND', 'USEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'NS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECOND': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECONDS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSECS': 'NANOSECOND', 'EPOCH': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_SECONDS': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS': 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS': 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS': 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'TZH': 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'TZM': 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE'}
class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    327class Snowflake(Dialect):
    328    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
    329    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
    330    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
    331    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
    332    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    333    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    334    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
    335    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    336
    337    TIME_MAPPING = {
    338        "YYYY": "%Y",
    339        "yyyy": "%Y",
    340        "YY": "%y",
    341        "yy": "%y",
    342        "MMMM": "%B",
    343        "mmmm": "%B",
    344        "MON": "%b",
    345        "mon": "%b",
    346        "MM": "%m",
    347        "mm": "%m",
    348        "DD": "%d",
    349        "dd": "%-d",
    350        "DY": "%a",
    351        "dy": "%w",
    352        "HH24": "%H",
    353        "hh24": "%H",
    354        "HH12": "%I",
    355        "hh12": "%I",
    356        "MI": "%M",
    357        "mi": "%M",
    358        "SS": "%S",
    359        "ss": "%S",
    360        "FF": "%f",
    361        "ff": "%f",
    362        "FF6": "%f",
    363        "ff6": "%f",
    364    }
    365
    366    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    367        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    368        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    369        if (
    370            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    371            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    372            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    373        ):
    374            return expression  # type: ignore
    375
    376        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
    377
    378    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    379        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    380
    381        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    382
    383        FUNCTIONS = {
    384            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    385            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    386            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    387            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    388                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    389            ),
    390            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    391                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    392                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    393                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    394                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    395            ),
    396            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    397            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    398            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    399            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    400            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    401            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    402            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    403                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    404                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    405                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
    406            ),
    407            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    408            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    409            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    410            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    411                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    412            ),
    413            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    414            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    415                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    416            ),
    417            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    418            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    419            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    420            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    421            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    422            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    423            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    424            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    425            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    426            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    427            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    428            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    429            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    430            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    431        }
    432
    433        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    434            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    435            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    436            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    437        }
    438        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    439
    440        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    441
    442        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    443            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    444            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    445            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    446            TokenType.COLON: _parse_colon_get_path,
    447        }
    448
    449        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    450            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    451            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    452            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    453                exp.Set,
    454                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    455                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    456                unset=True,
    457            ),
    458            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    459        }
    460
    461        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    462            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    463            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    464        }
    465
    466        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    467            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    468            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    469        }
    470
    471        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    472            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    473            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    474            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    475            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    476            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    477            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    478            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    479            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    480            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    481        }
    482
    483        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    484            TokenType.DOT,
    485            TokenType.MOD,
    486            TokenType.SLASH,
    487        }
    488
    489        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    490
    491        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    492            if is_map:
    493                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    494                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    495                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    496                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    497
    498            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
    499
    500        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    501            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    502            if not lateral:
    503                return lateral
    504
    505            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    506                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    507                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    508                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    509                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    510                elif not table_alias:
    511                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    512
    513            return lateral
    514
    515        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
    516            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    517            index = self._index
    518            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
    519                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    520                kind = (
    521                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    522                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    523                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    524                )
    525                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    526
    527                if expression:
    528                    self._match_r_paren()
    529                    when = self.expression(
    530                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    531                    )
    532                    table.set("when", when)
    533                else:
    534                    self._retreat(index)
    535
    536            return table
    537
    538        def _parse_table_parts(
    539            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False
    540        ) -> exp.Table:
    541            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    542            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    543                table = self._parse_string()
    544            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    545                table = self._parse_location_path()
    546            else:
    547                table = None
    548
    549            if table:
    550                file_format = None
    551                pattern = None
    552
    553                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    554                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    555                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    556                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    557                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    558                        )
    559                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    560                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    561                    else:
    562                        break
    563
    564                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    565
    566                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    567            else:
    568                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    569
    570            return self._parse_at_before(table)
    571
    572        def _parse_id_var(
    573            self,
    574            any_token: bool = True,
    575            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    576        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    577            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    578                identifier = (
    579                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    580                    or self._parse_string()
    581                )
    582                self._match_r_paren()
    583                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    584
    585            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    586
    587        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    588            scope = None
    589            scope_kind = None
    590
    591            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    592            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    593            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    594
    595            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    596
    597            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    598
    599            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    600                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    601                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    602                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    603                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    604                    if self._curr:
    605                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    606                elif self._curr:
    607                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in ("OBJECTS", "TABLES") else "TABLE"
    608                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    609
    610            return self.expression(
    611                exp.Show,
    612                **{
    613                    "terse": terse,
    614                    "this": this,
    615                    "history": history,
    616                    "like": like,
    617                    "scope": scope,
    618                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    619                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    620                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    621                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    622                },
    623            )
    624
    625        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    626            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    627            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    628
    629        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    630            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    631            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    632
    633        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    634            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    635
    636            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    637            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
    638            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
    639                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    640
    641            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    642
    643    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    644        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    645        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    646        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    647        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    648
    649        KEYWORDS = {
    650            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    651            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    652            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    653            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    654            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    655            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    656            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    657            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    658            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    659            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    660            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    661            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    662            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    663            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    664            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    665            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    666            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    667            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    668            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    669            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    670            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    671            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    672        }
    673
    674        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    675            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    676            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    677        }
    678
    679        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    680
    681        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
    682
    683    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    684        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    685        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    686        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    687        JOIN_HINTS = False
    688        TABLE_HINTS = False
    689        QUERY_HINTS = False
    690        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    691        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    692        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    693        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    694        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    695        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
    696
    697        TRANSFORMS = {
    698            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    699            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    700            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    701            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    702            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    703            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    704            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    705            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    706                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    707            ),
    708            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    709            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    710            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    711            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    712            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    713            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    714            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    715            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    716            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    717            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    718            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    719                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
    720            ),
    721            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    722                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    723            ),
    724            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    725            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    726            exp.JSONExtract: rename_func("GET_PATH"),
    727            exp.JSONExtractScalar: rename_func("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT"),
    728            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    729            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
    730            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    731            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    732            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    733            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    734            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    735            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    736            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    737                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    738            ),
    739            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    740                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    741            ),
    742            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
    743            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    744            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    745            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    746                [
    747                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    748                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    749                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    750                ]
    751            ),
    752            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    753            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    754            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    755            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    756                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    757            ),
    758            exp.StrToTime: lambda self,
    759            e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    760            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    761                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    762                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    763            ),
    764            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    765            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    766                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    767            ),
    768            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    769            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    770            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    771                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    772            ),
    773            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    774            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    775            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    776            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    777            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    778            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    779            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
    780            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    781            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    782            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    783        }
    784
    785        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    786            exp.JSONPathKey,
    787            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    788            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    789        }
    790
    791        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    792            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    793            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    794        }
    795
    796        STAR_MAPPING = {
    797            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    798            "replace": "RENAME",
    799        }
    800
    801        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    802            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    803            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    804            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    805        }
    806
    807        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    808            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    809            if milli is not None:
    810                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    811                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    812
    813            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    814
    815        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    816            value = expression.this
    817
    818            if value.type is None:
    819                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    820
    821                value = annotate_types(value)
    822
    823            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    824                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    825
    826            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    827            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    828
    829        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    830            if not expression.expression:
    831                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    832
    833            return super().log_sql(expression)
    834
    835        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    836            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    837            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    838
    839            columns = [
    840                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    841                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    842                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    843                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    844                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    845                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    846                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    847            ]
    848
    849            if unnest_alias:
    850                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    851            else:
    852                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    853
    854            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    855            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    856            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    857            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    858
    859        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    860            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    861            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    862            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    863            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    864
    865            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    866            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    867
    868            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    869            if scope_kind:
    870                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    871
    872            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    873            if starts_with:
    874                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    875
    876            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    877
    878            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    879            if from_:
    880                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    881
    882            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    883
    884        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    885            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    886            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    887            group = expression.args.get("group")
    888            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    889            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    890            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    891
    892            return self.func(
    893                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    894                expression.this,
    895                expression.expression,
    896                position,
    897                occurrence,
    898                parameters,
    899                group,
    900            )
    901
    902        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    903            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    904                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    905            return super().except_op(expression)
    906
    907        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    908            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    909                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    910            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    911
    912        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    913            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    914            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    915            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    916            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    917            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    918            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    919            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    920
    921        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    922            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    923        ) -> str:
    924            start = expression.args.get("start")
    925            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    926            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    927            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    928            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    929
    930        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    931            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    932            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    933
    934        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    935            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
    936
    937        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    938            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Indicates the default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Determines whether or not user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Determines whether or not `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

    will be rewritten as

    WITH y(c) AS (
        SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
    ) SELECT c FROM y;

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Determines whether or not a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` format.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    366    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    367        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    368        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    369        if (
    370            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    371            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    372            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    373        ):
    374            return expression  # type: ignore
    375
    376        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an `Identifier`, this method is a no-op.
- identify: If set to `False`, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  ESCAPE_SEQUENCES
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  to_json_path
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    378    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    379        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    380
    381        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    382
    383        FUNCTIONS = {
    384            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    385            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    386            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    387            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    388                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    389            ),
    390            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    391                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    392                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    393                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    394                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    395            ),
    396            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    397            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    398            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    399            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    400            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    401            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    402            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    403                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    404                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    405                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
    406            ),
    407            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    408            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    409            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    410            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    411                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    412            ),
    413            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    414            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    415                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    416            ),
    417            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    418            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    419            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    420            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    421            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    422            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    423            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    424            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    425            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    426            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    427            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    428            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    429            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    430            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    431        }
    432
    433        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    434            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    435            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    436            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    437        }
    438        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    439
    440        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    441
    442        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    443            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    444            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    445            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    446            TokenType.COLON: _parse_colon_get_path,
    447        }
    448
    449        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    450            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    451            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    452            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    453                exp.Set,
    454                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    455                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    456                unset=True,
    457            ),
    458            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    459        }
    460
    461        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    462            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    463            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    464        }
    465
    466        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    467            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    468            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    469        }
    470
    471        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    472            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    473            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    474            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    475            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    476            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    477            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    478            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    479            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    480            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    481        }
    482
    483        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    484            TokenType.DOT,
    485            TokenType.MOD,
    486            TokenType.SLASH,
    487        }
    488
    489        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    490
    491        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    492            if is_map:
    493                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    494                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    495                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    496                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    497
    498            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
    499
    500        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    501            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    502            if not lateral:
    503                return lateral
    504
    505            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    506                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    507                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    508                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    509                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    510                elif not table_alias:
    511                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    512
    513            return lateral
    514
    515        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
    516            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    517            index = self._index
    518            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
    519                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    520                kind = (
    521                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    522                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    523                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    524                )
    525                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    526
    527                if expression:
    528                    self._match_r_paren()
    529                    when = self.expression(
    530                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    531                    )
    532                    table.set("when", when)
    533                else:
    534                    self._retreat(index)
    535
    536            return table
    537
    538        def _parse_table_parts(
    539            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False
    540        ) -> exp.Table:
    541            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    542            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    543                table = self._parse_string()
    544            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    545                table = self._parse_location_path()
    546            else:
    547                table = None
    548
    549            if table:
    550                file_format = None
    551                pattern = None
    552
    553                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    554                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    555                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    556                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    557                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    558                        )
    559                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    560                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    561                    else:
    562                        break
    563
    564                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    565
    566                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    567            else:
    568                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    569
    570            return self._parse_at_before(table)
    571
    572        def _parse_id_var(
    573            self,
    574            any_token: bool = True,
    575            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    576        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    577            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    578                identifier = (
    579                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    580                    or self._parse_string()
    581                )
    582                self._match_r_paren()
    583                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    584
    585            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    586
    587        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    588            scope = None
    589            scope_kind = None
    590
    591            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    592            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    593            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    594
    595            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    596
    597            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    598
    599            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    600                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    601                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    602                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    603                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    604                    if self._curr:
    605                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    606                elif self._curr:
    607                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in ("OBJECTS", "TABLES") else "TABLE"
    608                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    609
    610            return self.expression(
    611                exp.Show,
    612                **{
    613                    "terse": terse,
    614                    "this": this,
    615                    "history": history,
    616                    "like": like,
    617                    "scope": scope,
    618                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    619                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    620                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    621                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    622                },
    623            )
    624
    625        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    626            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    627            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    628
    629        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    630            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    631            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    632
    633        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    634            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    635
    636            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    637            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
    638            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
    639                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    640
    641            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function parse_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._parser>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function parse_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._parser>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function parse_logarithm>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _parse_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function _parse_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function _parse_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function parse_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._parser>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'ARRAYAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function _parse_convert_timezone>, 'DATEADD': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DIV0': <function _div0_to_if>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _nullifzero_to_if>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _parse_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_to_timestamp>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _zeroifnull_to_if>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function _parse_date_part>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>: <function _parse_colon_get_path>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ID_VAR_TOKENS
  INTERVAL_VARS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  MODIFIABLES
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
  UNION_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    643    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    644        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    645        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    646        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    647        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    648
    649        KEYWORDS = {
    650            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    651            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    652            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    653            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    654            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    655            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    656            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    657            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    658            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    659            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    660            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    661            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    662            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    663            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    664            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    665            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    666            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    667            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    668            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    669            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    670            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    671            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    672        }
    673
    674        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    675            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    676            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    677        }
    678
    679        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    680
    681        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, "'": <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '`': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '"': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  QUOTES
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  peek
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    683    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    684        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    685        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    686        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    687        JOIN_HINTS = False
    688        TABLE_HINTS = False
    689        QUERY_HINTS = False
    690        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    691        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    692        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    693        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    694        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    695        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
    696
    697        TRANSFORMS = {
    698            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    699            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    700            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    701            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    702            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    703            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    704            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    705            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    706                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    707            ),
    708            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    709            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    710            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    711            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    712            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    713            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    714            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    715            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    716            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    717            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    718            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    719                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
    720            ),
    721            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    722                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    723            ),
    724            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    725            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    726            exp.JSONExtract: rename_func("GET_PATH"),
    727            exp.JSONExtractScalar: rename_func("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT"),
    728            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    729            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
    730            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    731            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    732            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    733            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    734            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    735            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    736            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    737                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    738            ),
    739            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    740                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    741            ),
    742            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
    743            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    744            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    745            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    746                [
    747                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    748                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    749                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    750                ]
    751            ),
    752            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    753            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    754            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    755            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    756                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    757            ),
    758            exp.StrToTime: lambda self,
    759            e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    760            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    761                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    762                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    763            ),
    764            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    765            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    766                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    767            ),
    768            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    769            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    770            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    771                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    772            ),
    773            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    774            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    775            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    776            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    777            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    778            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    779            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
    780            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    781            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    782            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    783        }
    784
    785        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    786            exp.JSONPathKey,
    787            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    788            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    789        }
    790
    791        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    792            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    793            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    794        }
    795
    796        STAR_MAPPING = {
    797            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    798            "replace": "RENAME",
    799        }
    800
    801        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    802            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    803            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    804            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    805        }
    806
    807        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    808            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    809            if milli is not None:
    810                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    811                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    812
    813            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    814
    815        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    816            value = expression.this
    817
    818            if value.type is None:
    819                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    820
    821                value = annotate_types(value)
    822
    823            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    824                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    825
    826            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    827            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    828
    829        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    830            if not expression.expression:
    831                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    832
    833            return super().log_sql(expression)
    834
    835        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    836            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    837            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    838
    839            columns = [
    840                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    841                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    842                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    843                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    844                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    845                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    846                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    847            ]
    848
    849            if unnest_alias:
    850                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    851            else:
    852                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    853
    854            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    855            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    856            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    857            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    858
    859        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    860            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    861            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    862            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    863            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    864
    865            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    866            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    867
    868            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    869            if scope_kind:
    870                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    871
    872            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    873            if starts_with:
    874                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    875
    876            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    877
    878            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    879            if from_:
    880                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    881
    882            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    883
    884        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    885            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    886            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    887            group = expression.args.get("group")
    888            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    889            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    890            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    891
    892            return self.func(
    893                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    894                expression.this,
    895                expression.expression,
    896                position,
    897                occurrence,
    898                parameters,
    899                group,
    900            )
    901
    902        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    903            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    904                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    905            return super().except_op(expression)
    906
    907        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    908            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    909                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    910            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    911
    912        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    913            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    914            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    915            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    916            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    917            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    918            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    919            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    920
    921        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    922            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    923        ) -> str:
    924            start = expression.args.get("start")
    925            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    926            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    927            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    928            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    929
    930        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    931            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    932            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    933
    934        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    935            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
    936
    937        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    938            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function _datatype_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'}
STAR_MAPPING = {'except': 'EXCLUDE', 'replace': 'RENAME'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str: View Source

    807        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    808            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    809            if milli is not None:
    810                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    811                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    812
    813            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    815        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    816            value = expression.this
    817
    818            if value.type is None:
    819                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    820
    821                value = annotate_types(value)
    822
    823            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    824                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    825
    826            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    827            return self.cast_sql(expression)

def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str: View Source

    829        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    830            if not expression.expression:
    831                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    832
    833            return super().log_sql(expression)

def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    835        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    836            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    837            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    838
    839            columns = [
    840                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    841                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    842                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    843                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    844                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    845                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    846                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    847            ]
    848
    849            if unnest_alias:
    850                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    851            else:
    852                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    853
    854            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    855            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    856            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    857            return f"{explode}{alias}"

def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str: View Source

    859        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    860            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    861            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    862            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    863            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    864
    865            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    866            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    867
    868            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    869            if scope_kind:
    870                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    871
    872            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    873            if starts_with:
    874                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    875
    876            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    877
    878            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    879            if from_:
    880                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    881
    882            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"

def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract) -> str: View Source

    884        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    885            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    886            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    887            group = expression.args.get("group")
    888            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    889            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    890            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    891
    892            return self.func(
    893                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    894                expression.this,
    895                expression.expression,
    896                position,
    897                occurrence,
    898                parameters,
    899                group,
    900            )

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    902        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    903            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    904                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    905            return super().except_op(expression)

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    907        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    908            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    909                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    910            return super().intersect_op(expression)

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    912        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    913            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    914            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    915            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    916            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    917            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    918            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    919            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    921        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    922            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    923        ) -> str:
    924            start = expression.args.get("start")
    925            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    926            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    927            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    928            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

def swaptable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable) -> str: View Source

    930        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    931            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    932            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    934        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    935            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")

def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str: View Source

    937        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    938            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  EXPLICIT_UNION
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  clone_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_having_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  union_sql
  union_op
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  currenttimestamp_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  altertable_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  or_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  set_operation
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  operator_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql