sqlglot.dialects.snowflake API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot._typing import E
      7from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      8    Dialect,
      9    NormalizationStrategy,
     10    binary_from_function,
     11    date_delta_sql,
     12    date_trunc_to_time,
     13    datestrtodate_sql,
     14    format_time_lambda,
     15    if_sql,
     16    inline_array_sql,
     17    json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
     18    max_or_greatest,
     19    min_or_least,
     20    rename_func,
     21    timestamptrunc_sql,
     22    timestrtotime_sql,
     23    var_map_sql,
     24)
     25from sqlglot.expressions import Literal
     26from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
     27from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     28
     29
     30def _check_int(s: str) -> bool:
     31    if s[0] in ("-", "+"):
     32        return s[1:].isdigit()
     33    return s.isdigit()
     34
     35
     36# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
     37def _parse_to_timestamp(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StrToTime, exp.UnixToTime, exp.TimeStrToTime]:
     38    if len(args) == 2:
     39        first_arg, second_arg = args
     40        if second_arg.is_string:
     41            # case: <string_expr> [ , <format> ]
     42            return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
     43
     44        # case: <numeric_expr> [ , <scale> ]
     45        if second_arg.name not in ["0", "3", "9"]:
     46            raise ValueError(
     47                f"Scale for snowflake numeric timestamp is {second_arg}, but should be 0, 3, or 9"
     48            )
     49
     50        if second_arg.name == "0":
     51            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS
     52        elif second_arg.name == "3":
     53            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
     54        elif second_arg.name == "9":
     55            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.NANOS
     56
     57        return exp.UnixToTime(this=first_arg, scale=timescale)
     58
     59    from sqlglot.optimizer.simplify import simplify_literals
     60
     61    # The first argument might be an expression like 40 * 365 * 86400, so we try to
     62    # reduce it using `simplify_literals` first and then check if it's a Literal.
     63    first_arg = seq_get(args, 0)
     64    if not isinstance(simplify_literals(first_arg, root=True), Literal):
     65        # case: <variant_expr> or other expressions such as columns
     66        return exp.TimeStrToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     67
     68    if first_arg.is_string:
     69        if _check_int(first_arg.this):
     70            # case: <integer>
     71            return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     72
     73        # case: <date_expr>
     74        return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args)
     75
     76    # case: <numeric_expr>
     77    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     78
     79
     80def _parse_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
     81    expression = parser.parse_var_map(args)
     82
     83    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
     84        return expression
     85
     86    return exp.Struct(
     87        expressions=[
     88            t.cast(exp.Condition, k).eq(v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
     89        ]
     90    )
     91
     92
     93def _parse_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
     94    return exp.DateDiff(
     95        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
     96    )
     97
     98
     99def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    100    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    101    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
    102    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    103        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp})"
    104    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
    105        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp}, 3)"
    106    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
    107        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp} / 1000, 3)"
    108    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.NANOS:
    109        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp}, 9)"
    110
    111    self.unsupported(f"Unsupported scale for timestamp: {scale}.")
    112    return ""
    113
    114
    115# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
    116# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
    117def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    118    this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
    119
    120    if not this:
    121        return None
    122
    123    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    124    expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    125    this = _map_date_part(this)
    126    name = this.name.upper()
    127
    128    if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
    129        if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
    130            scale = 10**3
    131        elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
    132            scale = 10**6
    133        elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
    134            scale = 10**9
    135        else:
    136            scale = None
    137
    138        ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    139        to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    140
    141        if scale:
    142            to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    143
    144        return to_unix
    145
    146    return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    147
    148
    149# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
    150def _div0_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    151    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
    152    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
    153    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
    154    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
    155
    156
    157# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
    158def _zeroifnull_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    159    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
    160    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
    161
    162
    163# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
    164def _nullifzero_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    165    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
    166    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
    167
    168
    169def _datatype_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    170    if expression.is_type("array"):
    171        return "ARRAY"
    172    elif expression.is_type("map"):
    173        return "OBJECT"
    174    return self.datatype_sql(expression)
    175
    176
    177def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
    178    flag = expression.text("flag")
    179
    180    if "i" not in flag:
    181        flag += "i"
    182
    183    return self.func(
    184        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
    185    )
    186
    187
    188def _parse_convert_timezone(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.Anonymous, exp.AtTimeZone]:
    189    if len(args) == 3:
    190        return exp.Anonymous(this="CONVERT_TIMEZONE", expressions=args)
    191    return exp.AtTimeZone(this=seq_get(args, 1), zone=seq_get(args, 0))
    192
    193
    194def _parse_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
    195    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
    196
    197    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
    198        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
    199
    200    return regexp_replace
    201
    202
    203def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
    204    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
    205        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
    206
    207    return _parse
    208
    209
    210DATE_PART_MAPPING = {
    211    "Y": "YEAR",
    212    "YY": "YEAR",
    213    "YYY": "YEAR",
    214    "YYYY": "YEAR",
    215    "YR": "YEAR",
    216    "YEARS": "YEAR",
    217    "YRS": "YEAR",
    218    "MM": "MONTH",
    219    "MON": "MONTH",
    220    "MONS": "MONTH",
    221    "MONTHS": "MONTH",
    222    "D": "DAY",
    223    "DD": "DAY",
    224    "DAYS": "DAY",
    225    "DAYOFMONTH": "DAY",
    226    "WEEKDAY": "DAYOFWEEK",
    227    "DOW": "DAYOFWEEK",
    228    "DW": "DAYOFWEEK",
    229    "WEEKDAY_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
    230    "DOW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
    231    "DW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
    232    "YEARDAY": "DAYOFYEAR",
    233    "DOY": "DAYOFYEAR",
    234    "DY": "DAYOFYEAR",
    235    "W": "WEEK",
    236    "WK": "WEEK",
    237    "WEEKOFYEAR": "WEEK",
    238    "WOY": "WEEK",
    239    "WY": "WEEK",
    240    "WEEK_ISO": "WEEKISO",
    241    "WEEKOFYEARISO": "WEEKISO",
    242    "WEEKOFYEAR_ISO": "WEEKISO",
    243    "Q": "QUARTER",
    244    "QTR": "QUARTER",
    245    "QTRS": "QUARTER",
    246    "QUARTERS": "QUARTER",
    247    "H": "HOUR",
    248    "HH": "HOUR",
    249    "HR": "HOUR",
    250    "HOURS": "HOUR",
    251    "HRS": "HOUR",
    252    "M": "MINUTE",
    253    "MI": "MINUTE",
    254    "MIN": "MINUTE",
    255    "MINUTES": "MINUTE",
    256    "MINS": "MINUTE",
    257    "S": "SECOND",
    258    "SEC": "SECOND",
    259    "SECONDS": "SECOND",
    260    "SECS": "SECOND",
    261    "MS": "MILLISECOND",
    262    "MSEC": "MILLISECOND",
    263    "MILLISECONDS": "MILLISECOND",
    264    "US": "MICROSECOND",
    265    "USEC": "MICROSECOND",
    266    "MICROSECONDS": "MICROSECOND",
    267    "NS": "NANOSECOND",
    268    "NSEC": "NANOSECOND",
    269    "NANOSEC": "NANOSECOND",
    270    "NSECOND": "NANOSECOND",
    271    "NSECONDS": "NANOSECOND",
    272    "NANOSECS": "NANOSECOND",
    273    "NSECONDS": "NANOSECOND",
    274    "EPOCH": "EPOCH_SECOND",
    275    "EPOCH_SECONDS": "EPOCH_SECOND",
    276    "EPOCH_MILLISECONDS": "EPOCH_MILLISECOND",
    277    "EPOCH_MICROSECONDS": "EPOCH_MICROSECOND",
    278    "EPOCH_NANOSECONDS": "EPOCH_NANOSECOND",
    279    "TZH": "TIMEZONE_HOUR",
    280    "TZM": "TIMEZONE_MINUTE",
    281}
    282
    283
    284@t.overload
    285def _map_date_part(part: exp.Expression) -> exp.Var:
    286    pass
    287
    288
    289@t.overload
    290def _map_date_part(part: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    291    pass
    292
    293
    294def _map_date_part(part):
    295    mapped = DATE_PART_MAPPING.get(part.name.upper()) if part else None
    296    return exp.var(mapped) if mapped else part
    297
    298
    299def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
    300    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
    301    trunc.set("unit", _map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
    302    return trunc
    303
    304
    305def _parse_colon_get_path(
    306    self: parser.Parser, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]
    307) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    308    while True:
    309        path = self._parse_bitwise()
    310
    311        # The cast :: operator has a lower precedence than the extraction operator :, so
    312        # we rearrange the AST appropriately to avoid casting the 2nd argument of GET_PATH
    313        if isinstance(path, exp.Cast):
    314            target_type = path.to
    315            path = path.this
    316        else:
    317            target_type = None
    318
    319        if isinstance(path, exp.Expression):
    320            path = exp.Literal.string(path.sql(dialect="snowflake"))
    321
    322        # The extraction operator : is left-associative
    323        this = self.expression(exp.GetPath, this=this, expression=path)
    324
    325        if target_type:
    326            this = exp.cast(this, target_type)
    327
    328        if not self._match(TokenType.COLON):
    329            break
    330
    331    return this
    332
    333
    334def _parse_timestamp_from_parts(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
    335    if len(args) == 2:
    336        # Other dialects don't have the TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS(date, time) concept,
    337        # so we parse this into Anonymous for now instead of introducing complexity
    338        return exp.Anonymous(this="TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS", expressions=args)
    339
    340    return exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
    341
    342
    343def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    344    """
    345    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
    346    so we need to unqualify them.
    347
    348    Example:
    349        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
    350        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
    351        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
    352        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
    353    """
    354    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
    355        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
    356
    357    return expression
    358
    359
    360class Snowflake(Dialect):
    361    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
    362    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
    363    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
    364    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
    365    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    366    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    367    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
    368    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    369
    370    TIME_MAPPING = {
    371        "YYYY": "%Y",
    372        "yyyy": "%Y",
    373        "YY": "%y",
    374        "yy": "%y",
    375        "MMMM": "%B",
    376        "mmmm": "%B",
    377        "MON": "%b",
    378        "mon": "%b",
    379        "MM": "%m",
    380        "mm": "%m",
    381        "DD": "%d",
    382        "dd": "%-d",
    383        "DY": "%a",
    384        "dy": "%w",
    385        "HH24": "%H",
    386        "hh24": "%H",
    387        "HH12": "%I",
    388        "hh12": "%I",
    389        "MI": "%M",
    390        "mi": "%M",
    391        "SS": "%S",
    392        "ss": "%S",
    393        "FF": "%f",
    394        "ff": "%f",
    395        "FF6": "%f",
    396        "ff6": "%f",
    397    }
    398
    399    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    400        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    401        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    402        if (
    403            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    404            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    405            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    406        ):
    407            return t.cast(E, expression)
    408
    409        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
    410
    411    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    412        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    413
    414        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    415
    416        FUNCTIONS = {
    417            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    418            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    419            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    420            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    421                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    422            ),
    423            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    424                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    425                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    426                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    427                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    428            ),
    429            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    430            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    431            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    432            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    433            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    434            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    435            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    436                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    437                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    438                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
    439            ),
    440            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    441            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    442            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    443            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    444            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    445                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    446            ),
    447            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    448            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    449            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    450            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    451            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    452            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    453            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    454            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    455            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    456            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    457            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    458            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    459            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    460            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    461        }
    462
    463        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    464            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    465            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    466            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    467        }
    468        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    469
    470        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    471
    472        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    473            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    474            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    475            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    476            TokenType.COLON: _parse_colon_get_path,
    477        }
    478
    479        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    480            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    481            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    482            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    483                exp.Set,
    484                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    485                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    486                unset=True,
    487            ),
    488            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    489        }
    490
    491        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    492            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    493            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    494        }
    495
    496        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    497            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    498            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    499        }
    500
    501        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    502            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    503            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    504            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    505        }
    506
    507        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    508            TokenType.DOT,
    509            TokenType.MOD,
    510            TokenType.SLASH,
    511        }
    512
    513        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    514
    515        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    516            if is_map:
    517                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    518                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    519                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    520                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    521
    522            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
    523
    524        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    525            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    526            if not lateral:
    527                return lateral
    528
    529            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    530                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    531                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    532                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    533                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    534                elif not table_alias:
    535                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    536
    537            return lateral
    538
    539        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
    540            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    541            index = self._index
    542            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
    543                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    544                kind = (
    545                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    546                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    547                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    548                )
    549                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    550
    551                if expression:
    552                    self._match_r_paren()
    553                    when = self.expression(
    554                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    555                    )
    556                    table.set("when", when)
    557                else:
    558                    self._retreat(index)
    559
    560            return table
    561
    562        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    563            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    564            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    565                table = self._parse_string()
    566            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    567                table = self._parse_location_path()
    568            else:
    569                table = None
    570
    571            if table:
    572                file_format = None
    573                pattern = None
    574
    575                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    576                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    577                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    578                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts()
    579                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    580                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    581                    else:
    582                        break
    583
    584                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    585
    586                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    587            else:
    588                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    589
    590            return self._parse_at_before(table)
    591
    592        def _parse_id_var(
    593            self,
    594            any_token: bool = True,
    595            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    596        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    597            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    598                identifier = (
    599                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    600                    or self._parse_string()
    601                )
    602                self._match_r_paren()
    603                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    604
    605            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    606
    607        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    608            scope = None
    609            scope_kind = None
    610
    611            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    612
    613            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    614                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    615                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    616                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    617                    scope_kind = self._prev.text
    618                    if self._curr:
    619                        scope = self._parse_table()
    620                elif self._curr:
    621                    scope_kind = "TABLE"
    622                    scope = self._parse_table()
    623
    624            return self.expression(
    625                exp.Show, this=this, like=like, scope=scope, scope_kind=scope_kind
    626            )
    627
    628        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    629            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    630            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    631
    632        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    633            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    634            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    635
    636        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    637            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    638
    639            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    640            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
    641            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
    642                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    643
    644            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    645
    646    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    647        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    648        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    649        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    650        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    651
    652        KEYWORDS = {
    653            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    654            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    655            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    656            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    657            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    658            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    659            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    660            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    661            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    662            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    663            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    664            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    665            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    666            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    667            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    668            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    669            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    670            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    671            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    672            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    673        }
    674
    675        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    676            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    677            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    678        }
    679
    680        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    681
    682        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
    683
    684    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    685        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    686        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    687        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    688        JOIN_HINTS = False
    689        TABLE_HINTS = False
    690        QUERY_HINTS = False
    691        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    692        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    693        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    694        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    695
    696        TRANSFORMS = {
    697            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    698            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    699            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    700            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    701            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    702            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    703            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    704            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    705                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    706            ),
    707            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    708            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    709            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    710            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    711            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    712            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    713            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    714            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    715            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    716            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    717            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    718                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    719            ),
    720            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    721            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    722            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: f"{self.sql(e, 'this')}[{self.sql(e, 'expression')}]",
    723            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
    724            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    725            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    726            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    727            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    728            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    729            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    730            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    731            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    732                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    733            ),
    734            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    735                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    736            ),
    737            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
    738            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    739            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    740            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    741                [
    742                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    743                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    744                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    745                ]
    746            ),
    747            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    748            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    749            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    750            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    751                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    752            ),
    753            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    754            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    755                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    756                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    757            ),
    758            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    759            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    760                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    761            ),
    762            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    763            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    764            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    765                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    766            ),
    767            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    768            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    769            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    770            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    771            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    772            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    773            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    774            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    775            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    776            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    777        }
    778
    779        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    780            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    781            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    782        }
    783
    784        STAR_MAPPING = {
    785            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    786            "replace": "RENAME",
    787        }
    788
    789        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    790            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    791            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    792            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    793        }
    794
    795        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    796            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    797            if milli is not None:
    798                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    799                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    800
    801            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    802
    803        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    804            value = expression.this
    805
    806            if value.type is None:
    807                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    808
    809                value = annotate_types(value)
    810
    811            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    812                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    813
    814            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    815            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    816
    817        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    818            if not expression.expression:
    819                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    820
    821            return super().log_sql(expression)
    822
    823        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    824            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    825            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    826
    827            columns = [
    828                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    829                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    830                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    831                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    832                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    833                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    834                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    835            ]
    836
    837            if unnest_alias:
    838                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    839            else:
    840                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    841
    842            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    843            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    844            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    845            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    846
    847        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    848            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    849            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    850
    851            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    852            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    853
    854            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    855            if scope_kind:
    856                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    857
    858            return f"SHOW {expression.name}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}"
    859
    860        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    861            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    862            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    863            group = expression.args.get("group")
    864            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    865            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    866            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    867
    868            return self.func(
    869                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    870                expression.this,
    871                expression.expression,
    872                position,
    873                occurrence,
    874                parameters,
    875                group,
    876            )
    877
    878        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    879            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    880                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    881            return super().except_op(expression)
    882
    883        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    884            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    885                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    886            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    887
    888        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    889            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    890            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    891            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    892            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    893            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    894            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    895            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    896
    897        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    898            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    899        ) -> str:
    900            start = expression.args.get("start")
    901            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    902            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    903            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    904            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    905
    906        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    907            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    908            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    909
    910        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    911            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")

DATE_PART_MAPPING = {'Y': 'YEAR', 'YY': 'YEAR', 'YYY': 'YEAR', 'YYYY': 'YEAR', 'YR': 'YEAR', 'YEARS': 'YEAR', 'YRS': 'YEAR', 'MM': 'MONTH', 'MON': 'MONTH', 'MONS': 'MONTH', 'MONTHS': 'MONTH', 'D': 'DAY', 'DD': 'DAY', 'DAYS': 'DAY', 'DAYOFMONTH': 'DAY', 'WEEKDAY': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DOW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'WEEKDAY_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DOW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'YEARDAY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DOY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'W': 'WEEK', 'WK': 'WEEK', 'WEEKOFYEAR': 'WEEK', 'WOY': 'WEEK', 'WY': 'WEEK', 'WEEK_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'Q': 'QUARTER', 'QTR': 'QUARTER', 'QTRS': 'QUARTER', 'QUARTERS': 'QUARTER', 'H': 'HOUR', 'HH': 'HOUR', 'HR': 'HOUR', 'HOURS': 'HOUR', 'HRS': 'HOUR', 'M': 'MINUTE', 'MI': 'MINUTE', 'MIN': 'MINUTE', 'MINUTES': 'MINUTE', 'MINS': 'MINUTE', 'S': 'SECOND', 'SEC': 'SECOND', 'SECONDS': 'SECOND', 'SECS': 'SECOND', 'MS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'US': 'MICROSECOND', 'USEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'NS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECOND': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECONDS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSECS': 'NANOSECOND', 'EPOCH': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_SECONDS': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS': 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS': 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS': 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'TZH': 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'TZM': 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE'}
class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    361class Snowflake(Dialect):
    362    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
    363    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
    364    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
    365    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
    366    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    367    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    368    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
    369    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    370
    371    TIME_MAPPING = {
    372        "YYYY": "%Y",
    373        "yyyy": "%Y",
    374        "YY": "%y",
    375        "yy": "%y",
    376        "MMMM": "%B",
    377        "mmmm": "%B",
    378        "MON": "%b",
    379        "mon": "%b",
    380        "MM": "%m",
    381        "mm": "%m",
    382        "DD": "%d",
    383        "dd": "%-d",
    384        "DY": "%a",
    385        "dy": "%w",
    386        "HH24": "%H",
    387        "hh24": "%H",
    388        "HH12": "%I",
    389        "hh12": "%I",
    390        "MI": "%M",
    391        "mi": "%M",
    392        "SS": "%S",
    393        "ss": "%S",
    394        "FF": "%f",
    395        "ff": "%f",
    396        "FF6": "%f",
    397        "ff6": "%f",
    398    }
    399
    400    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    401        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    402        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    403        if (
    404            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    405            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    406            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    407        ):
    408            return t.cast(E, expression)
    409
    410        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
    411
    412    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    413        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    414
    415        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    416
    417        FUNCTIONS = {
    418            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    419            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    420            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    421            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    422                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    423            ),
    424            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    425                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    426                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    427                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    428                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    429            ),
    430            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    431            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    432            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    433            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    434            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    435            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    436            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    437                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    438                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    439                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
    440            ),
    441            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    442            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    443            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    444            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    445            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    446                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    447            ),
    448            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    449            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    450            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    451            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    452            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    453            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    454            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    455            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    456            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    457            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    458            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    459            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    460            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    461            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    462        }
    463
    464        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    465            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    466            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    467            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    468        }
    469        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    470
    471        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    472
    473        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    474            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    475            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    476            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    477            TokenType.COLON: _parse_colon_get_path,
    478        }
    479
    480        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    481            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    482            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    483            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    484                exp.Set,
    485                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    486                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    487                unset=True,
    488            ),
    489            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    490        }
    491
    492        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    493            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    494            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    495        }
    496
    497        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    498            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    499            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    500        }
    501
    502        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    503            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    504            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    505            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    506        }
    507
    508        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    509            TokenType.DOT,
    510            TokenType.MOD,
    511            TokenType.SLASH,
    512        }
    513
    514        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    515
    516        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    517            if is_map:
    518                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    519                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    520                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    521                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    522
    523            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
    524
    525        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    526            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    527            if not lateral:
    528                return lateral
    529
    530            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    531                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    532                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    533                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    534                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    535                elif not table_alias:
    536                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    537
    538            return lateral
    539
    540        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
    541            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    542            index = self._index
    543            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
    544                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    545                kind = (
    546                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    547                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    548                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    549                )
    550                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    551
    552                if expression:
    553                    self._match_r_paren()
    554                    when = self.expression(
    555                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    556                    )
    557                    table.set("when", when)
    558                else:
    559                    self._retreat(index)
    560
    561            return table
    562
    563        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    564            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    565            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    566                table = self._parse_string()
    567            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    568                table = self._parse_location_path()
    569            else:
    570                table = None
    571
    572            if table:
    573                file_format = None
    574                pattern = None
    575
    576                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    577                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    578                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    579                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts()
    580                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    581                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    582                    else:
    583                        break
    584
    585                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    586
    587                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    588            else:
    589                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    590
    591            return self._parse_at_before(table)
    592
    593        def _parse_id_var(
    594            self,
    595            any_token: bool = True,
    596            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    597        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    598            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    599                identifier = (
    600                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    601                    or self._parse_string()
    602                )
    603                self._match_r_paren()
    604                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    605
    606            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    607
    608        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    609            scope = None
    610            scope_kind = None
    611
    612            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    613
    614            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    615                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    616                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    617                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    618                    scope_kind = self._prev.text
    619                    if self._curr:
    620                        scope = self._parse_table()
    621                elif self._curr:
    622                    scope_kind = "TABLE"
    623                    scope = self._parse_table()
    624
    625            return self.expression(
    626                exp.Show, this=this, like=like, scope=scope, scope_kind=scope_kind
    627            )
    628
    629        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    630            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    631            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    632
    633        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    634            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    635            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    636
    637        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    638            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    639
    640            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    641            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
    642            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
    643                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    644
    645            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    646
    647    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    648        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    649        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    650        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    651        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    652
    653        KEYWORDS = {
    654            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    655            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    656            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    657            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    658            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    659            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    660            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    661            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    662            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    663            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    664            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    665            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    666            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    667            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    668            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    669            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    670            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    671            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    672            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    673            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    674        }
    675
    676        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    677            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    678            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    679        }
    680
    681        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    682
    683        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
    684
    685    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    686        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    687        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    688        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    689        JOIN_HINTS = False
    690        TABLE_HINTS = False
    691        QUERY_HINTS = False
    692        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    693        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    694        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    695        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    696
    697        TRANSFORMS = {
    698            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    699            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    700            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    701            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    702            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    703            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    704            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    705            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    706                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    707            ),
    708            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    709            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    710            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    711            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    712            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    713            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    714            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    715            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    716            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    717            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    718            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    719                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    720            ),
    721            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    722            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    723            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: f"{self.sql(e, 'this')}[{self.sql(e, 'expression')}]",
    724            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
    725            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    726            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    727            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    728            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    729            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    730            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    731            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    732            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    733                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    734            ),
    735            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    736                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    737            ),
    738            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
    739            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    740            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    741            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    742                [
    743                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    744                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    745                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    746                ]
    747            ),
    748            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    749            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    750            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    751            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    752                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    753            ),
    754            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    755            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    756                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    757                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    758            ),
    759            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    760            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    761                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    762            ),
    763            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    764            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    765            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    766                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    767            ),
    768            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    769            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    770            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    771            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    772            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    773            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    774            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    775            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    776            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    777            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    778        }
    779
    780        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    781            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    782            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    783        }
    784
    785        STAR_MAPPING = {
    786            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    787            "replace": "RENAME",
    788        }
    789
    790        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    791            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    792            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    793            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    794        }
    795
    796        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    797            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    798            if milli is not None:
    799                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    800                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    801
    802            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    803
    804        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    805            value = expression.this
    806
    807            if value.type is None:
    808                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    809
    810                value = annotate_types(value)
    811
    812            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    813                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    814
    815            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    816            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    817
    818        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    819            if not expression.expression:
    820                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    821
    822            return super().log_sql(expression)
    823
    824        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    825            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    826            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    827
    828            columns = [
    829                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    830                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    831                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    832                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    833                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    834                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    835                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    836            ]
    837
    838            if unnest_alias:
    839                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    840            else:
    841                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    842
    843            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    844            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    845            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    846            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    847
    848        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    849            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    850            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    851
    852            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    853            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    854
    855            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    856            if scope_kind:
    857                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    858
    859            return f"SHOW {expression.name}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}"
    860
    861        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    862            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    863            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    864            group = expression.args.get("group")
    865            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    866            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    867            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    868
    869            return self.func(
    870                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    871                expression.this,
    872                expression.expression,
    873                position,
    874                occurrence,
    875                parameters,
    876                group,
    877            )
    878
    879        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    880            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    881                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    882            return super().except_op(expression)
    883
    884        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    885            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    886                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    887            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    888
    889        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    890            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    891            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    892            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    893            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    894            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    895            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    896            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    897
    898        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    899            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    900        ) -> str:
    901            start = expression.args.get("start")
    902            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    903            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    904            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    905            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    906
    907        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    908            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    909            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    910
    911        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    912            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Indicates the default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Determines whether or not user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Determines whether or not `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

    will be rewritten as

    WITH y(c) AS (
        SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
    ) SELECT c FROM y;

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Determines whether or not a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` format.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    400    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    401        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    402        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    403        if (
    404            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    405            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    406            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    407        ):
    408            return t.cast(E, expression)
    409
    410        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an `Identifier`, this method is a no-op.
- identify: If set to `False`, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  ESCAPE_SEQUENCES
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    412    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    413        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    414
    415        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    416
    417        FUNCTIONS = {
    418            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    419            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    420            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    421            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    422                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    423            ),
    424            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    425                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    426                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    427                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    428                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    429            ),
    430            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    431            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    432            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    433            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    434            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    435            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    436            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    437                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    438                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    439                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
    440            ),
    441            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    442            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    443            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    444            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    445            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    446                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    447            ),
    448            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    449            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    450            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    451            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    452            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    453            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    454            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    455            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    456            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    457            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    458            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    459            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    460            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    461            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    462        }
    463
    464        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    465            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    466            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    467            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    468        }
    469        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    470
    471        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    472
    473        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    474            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    475            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    476            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    477            TokenType.COLON: _parse_colon_get_path,
    478        }
    479
    480        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    481            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    482            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    483            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    484                exp.Set,
    485                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    486                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    487                unset=True,
    488            ),
    489            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    490        }
    491
    492        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    493            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    494            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    495        }
    496
    497        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    498            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    499            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    500        }
    501
    502        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    503            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    504            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    505            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    506        }
    507
    508        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    509            TokenType.DOT,
    510            TokenType.MOD,
    511            TokenType.SLASH,
    512        }
    513
    514        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    515
    516        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    517            if is_map:
    518                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    519                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    520                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    521                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    522
    523            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
    524
    525        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    526            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    527            if not lateral:
    528                return lateral
    529
    530            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    531                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    532                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    533                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    534                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    535                elif not table_alias:
    536                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    537
    538            return lateral
    539
    540        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
    541            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    542            index = self._index
    543            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
    544                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    545                kind = (
    546                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    547                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    548                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    549                )
    550                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    551
    552                if expression:
    553                    self._match_r_paren()
    554                    when = self.expression(
    555                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    556                    )
    557                    table.set("when", when)
    558                else:
    559                    self._retreat(index)
    560
    561            return table
    562
    563        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    564            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    565            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    566                table = self._parse_string()
    567            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    568                table = self._parse_location_path()
    569            else:
    570                table = None
    571
    572            if table:
    573                file_format = None
    574                pattern = None
    575
    576                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    577                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    578                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    579                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts()
    580                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    581                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    582                    else:
    583                        break
    584
    585                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    586
    587                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    588            else:
    589                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    590
    591            return self._parse_at_before(table)
    592
    593        def _parse_id_var(
    594            self,
    595            any_token: bool = True,
    596            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    597        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    598            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    599                identifier = (
    600                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    601                    or self._parse_string()
    602                )
    603                self._match_r_paren()
    604                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    605
    606            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    607
    608        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    609            scope = None
    610            scope_kind = None
    611
    612            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    613
    614            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    615                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    616                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    617                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    618                    scope_kind = self._prev.text
    619                    if self._curr:
    620                        scope = self._parse_table()
    621                elif self._curr:
    622                    scope_kind = "TABLE"
    623                    scope = self._parse_table()
    624
    625            return self.expression(
    626                exp.Show, this=this, like=like, scope=scope, scope_kind=scope_kind
    627            )
    628
    629        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    630            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    631            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    632
    633        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    634            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    635            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    636
    637        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    638            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    639
    640            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    641            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
    642            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
    643                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    644
    645            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GET_PATH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GetPath'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function parse_logarithm>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _parse_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function _parse_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function _parse_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'ARRAYAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function _parse_convert_timezone>, 'DATEADD': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DIV0': <function _div0_to_if>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _nullifzero_to_if>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _parse_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_to_timestamp>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _zeroifnull_to_if>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function _parse_date_part>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>: <function _parse_colon_get_path>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'TERSE': {'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ID_VAR_TOKENS
  INTERVAL_VARS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  MODIFIABLES
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
  UNION_MODIFIERS
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    647    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    648        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    649        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    650        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    651        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    652
    653        KEYWORDS = {
    654            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    655            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    656            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    657            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    658            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    659            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    660            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    661            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    662            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    663            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    664            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    665            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    666            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    667            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    668            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    669            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    670            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    671            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    672            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    673            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    674        }
    675
    676        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    677            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    678            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    679        }
    680
    681        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    682
    683        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, "'": <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '`': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '"': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  QUOTES
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  peek
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    685    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    686        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    687        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    688        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    689        JOIN_HINTS = False
    690        TABLE_HINTS = False
    691        QUERY_HINTS = False
    692        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    693        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    694        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    695        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    696
    697        TRANSFORMS = {
    698            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    699            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    700            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    701            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    702            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    703            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    704            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    705            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    706                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    707            ),
    708            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    709            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    710            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    711            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    712            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    713            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    714            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    715            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    716            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    717            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    718            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    719                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    720            ),
    721            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    722            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    723            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: f"{self.sql(e, 'this')}[{self.sql(e, 'expression')}]",
    724            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
    725            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    726            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    727            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    728            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    729            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    730            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    731            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    732            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    733                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    734            ),
    735            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    736                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    737            ),
    738            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
    739            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    740            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    741            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    742                [
    743                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    744                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    745                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    746                ]
    747            ),
    748            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    749            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    750            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    751            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    752                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    753            ),
    754            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    755            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    756                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    757                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    758            ),
    759            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    760            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    761                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    762            ),
    763            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    764            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    765            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    766                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    767            ),
    768            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    769            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    770            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    771            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    772            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    773            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    774            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    775            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    776            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    777            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    778        }
    779
    780        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    781            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    782            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    783        }
    784
    785        STAR_MAPPING = {
    786            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    787            "replace": "RENAME",
    788        }
    789
    790        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    791            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    792            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    793            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    794        }
    795
    796        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    797            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    798            if milli is not None:
    799                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    800                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    801
    802            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    803
    804        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    805            value = expression.this
    806
    807            if value.type is None:
    808                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    809
    810                value = annotate_types(value)
    811
    812            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    813                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    814
    815            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    816            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    817
    818        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    819            if not expression.expression:
    820                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    821
    822            return super().log_sql(expression)
    823
    824        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    825            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    826            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    827
    828            columns = [
    829                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    830                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    831                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    832                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    833                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    834                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    835                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    836            ]
    837
    838            if unnest_alias:
    839                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    840            else:
    841                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    842
    843            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    844            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    845            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    846            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    847
    848        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    849            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    850            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    851
    852            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    853            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    854
    855            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    856            if scope_kind:
    857                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    858
    859            return f"SHOW {expression.name}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}"
    860
    861        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    862            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    863            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    864            group = expression.args.get("group")
    865            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    866            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    867            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    868
    869            return self.func(
    870                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    871                expression.this,
    872                expression.expression,
    873                position,
    874                occurrence,
    875                parameters,
    876                group,
    877            )
    878
    879        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    880            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    881                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    882            return super().except_op(expression)
    883
    884        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    885            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    886                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    887            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    888
    889        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    890            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    891            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    892            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    893            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    894            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    895            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    896            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    897
    898        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    899            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    900        ) -> str:
    901            start = expression.args.get("start")
    902            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    903            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    904            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    905            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    906
    907        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    908            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    909            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    910
    911        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    912            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function _datatype_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONKeyValue'>: <function json_keyvalue_comma_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'}
STAR_MAPPING = {'except': 'EXCLUDE', 'replace': 'RENAME'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str: View Source

    796        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    797            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    798            if milli is not None:
    799                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    800                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    801
    802            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    804        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    805            value = expression.this
    806
    807            if value.type is None:
    808                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    809
    810                value = annotate_types(value)
    811
    812            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    813                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    814
    815            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    816            return self.cast_sql(expression)

def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str: View Source

    818        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    819            if not expression.expression:
    820                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    821
    822            return super().log_sql(expression)

def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    824        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    825            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    826            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    827
    828            columns = [
    829                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    830                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    831                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    832                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    833                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    834                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    835                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    836            ]
    837
    838            if unnest_alias:
    839                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    840            else:
    841                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    842
    843            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    844            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    845            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    846            return f"{explode}{alias}"

def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str: View Source

    848        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    849            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    850            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    851
    852            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    853            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    854
    855            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    856            if scope_kind:
    857                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    858
    859            return f"SHOW {expression.name}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}"

def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract) -> str: View Source

    861        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    862            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    863            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    864            group = expression.args.get("group")
    865            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    866            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    867            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    868
    869            return self.func(
    870                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    871                expression.this,
    872                expression.expression,
    873                position,
    874                occurrence,
    875                parameters,
    876                group,
    877            )

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    879        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    880            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    881                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    882            return super().except_op(expression)

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    884        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    885            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    886                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    887            return super().intersect_op(expression)

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    889        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    890            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    891            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    892            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    893            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    894            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    895            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    896            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    898        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    899            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    900        ) -> str:
    901            start = expression.args.get("start")
    902            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    903            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    904            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    905            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

def swaptable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable) -> str: View Source

    907        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    908            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    909            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    911        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    912            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  EXPLICIT_UNION
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  clone_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
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