sqlglot.dialects.snowflake API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot._typing import E
      7from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      8    Dialect,
      9    NormalizationStrategy,
     10    binary_from_function,
     11    date_delta_sql,
     12    date_trunc_to_time,
     13    datestrtodate_sql,
     14    format_time_lambda,
     15    if_sql,
     16    inline_array_sql,
     17    max_or_greatest,
     18    min_or_least,
     19    rename_func,
     20    timestamptrunc_sql,
     21    timestrtotime_sql,
     22    var_map_sql,
     23)
     24from sqlglot.expressions import Literal
     25from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
     26from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     27
     28
     29def _check_int(s: str) -> bool:
     30    if s[0] in ("-", "+"):
     31        return s[1:].isdigit()
     32    return s.isdigit()
     33
     34
     35# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
     36def _parse_to_timestamp(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StrToTime, exp.UnixToTime, exp.TimeStrToTime]:
     37    if len(args) == 2:
     38        first_arg, second_arg = args
     39        if second_arg.is_string:
     40            # case: <string_expr> [ , <format> ]
     41            return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
     42        return exp.UnixToTime(this=first_arg, scale=second_arg)
     43
     44    from sqlglot.optimizer.simplify import simplify_literals
     45
     46    # The first argument might be an expression like 40 * 365 * 86400, so we try to
     47    # reduce it using `simplify_literals` first and then check if it's a Literal.
     48    first_arg = seq_get(args, 0)
     49    if not isinstance(simplify_literals(first_arg, root=True), Literal):
     50        # case: <variant_expr> or other expressions such as columns
     51        return exp.TimeStrToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     52
     53    if first_arg.is_string:
     54        if _check_int(first_arg.this):
     55            # case: <integer>
     56            return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     57
     58        # case: <date_expr>
     59        return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args)
     60
     61    # case: <numeric_expr>
     62    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     63
     64
     65def _parse_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
     66    expression = parser.parse_var_map(args)
     67
     68    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
     69        return expression
     70
     71    return exp.Struct(
     72        expressions=[
     73            t.cast(exp.Condition, k).eq(v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
     74        ]
     75    )
     76
     77
     78def _parse_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
     79    return exp.DateDiff(
     80        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
     81    )
     82
     83
     84# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     85# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     86def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     87    this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     88
     89    if not this:
     90        return None
     91
     92    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     93    expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     94    this = _map_date_part(this)
     95    name = this.name.upper()
     96
     97    if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     98        if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     99            scale = 10**3
    100        elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
    101            scale = 10**6
    102        elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
    103            scale = 10**9
    104        else:
    105            scale = None
    106
    107        ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    108        to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    109
    110        if scale:
    111            to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    112
    113        return to_unix
    114
    115    return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    116
    117
    118# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
    119def _div0_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    120    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
    121    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
    122    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
    123    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
    124
    125
    126# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
    127def _zeroifnull_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    128    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
    129    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
    130
    131
    132# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
    133def _nullifzero_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    134    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
    135    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
    136
    137
    138def _datatype_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    139    if expression.is_type("array"):
    140        return "ARRAY"
    141    elif expression.is_type("map"):
    142        return "OBJECT"
    143    return self.datatype_sql(expression)
    144
    145
    146def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
    147    flag = expression.text("flag")
    148
    149    if "i" not in flag:
    150        flag += "i"
    151
    152    return self.func(
    153        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
    154    )
    155
    156
    157def _parse_convert_timezone(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.Anonymous, exp.AtTimeZone]:
    158    if len(args) == 3:
    159        return exp.Anonymous(this="CONVERT_TIMEZONE", expressions=args)
    160    return exp.AtTimeZone(this=seq_get(args, 1), zone=seq_get(args, 0))
    161
    162
    163def _parse_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
    164    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
    165
    166    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
    167        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
    168
    169    return regexp_replace
    170
    171
    172def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
    173    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
    174        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
    175
    176    return _parse
    177
    178
    179DATE_PART_MAPPING = {
    180    "Y": "YEAR",
    181    "YY": "YEAR",
    182    "YYY": "YEAR",
    183    "YYYY": "YEAR",
    184    "YR": "YEAR",
    185    "YEARS": "YEAR",
    186    "YRS": "YEAR",
    187    "MM": "MONTH",
    188    "MON": "MONTH",
    189    "MONS": "MONTH",
    190    "MONTHS": "MONTH",
    191    "D": "DAY",
    192    "DD": "DAY",
    193    "DAYS": "DAY",
    194    "DAYOFMONTH": "DAY",
    195    "WEEKDAY": "DAYOFWEEK",
    196    "DOW": "DAYOFWEEK",
    197    "DW": "DAYOFWEEK",
    198    "WEEKDAY_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
    199    "DOW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
    200    "DW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
    201    "YEARDAY": "DAYOFYEAR",
    202    "DOY": "DAYOFYEAR",
    203    "DY": "DAYOFYEAR",
    204    "W": "WEEK",
    205    "WK": "WEEK",
    206    "WEEKOFYEAR": "WEEK",
    207    "WOY": "WEEK",
    208    "WY": "WEEK",
    209    "WEEK_ISO": "WEEKISO",
    210    "WEEKOFYEARISO": "WEEKISO",
    211    "WEEKOFYEAR_ISO": "WEEKISO",
    212    "Q": "QUARTER",
    213    "QTR": "QUARTER",
    214    "QTRS": "QUARTER",
    215    "QUARTERS": "QUARTER",
    216    "H": "HOUR",
    217    "HH": "HOUR",
    218    "HR": "HOUR",
    219    "HOURS": "HOUR",
    220    "HRS": "HOUR",
    221    "M": "MINUTE",
    222    "MI": "MINUTE",
    223    "MIN": "MINUTE",
    224    "MINUTES": "MINUTE",
    225    "MINS": "MINUTE",
    226    "S": "SECOND",
    227    "SEC": "SECOND",
    228    "SECONDS": "SECOND",
    229    "SECS": "SECOND",
    230    "MS": "MILLISECOND",
    231    "MSEC": "MILLISECOND",
    232    "MILLISECONDS": "MILLISECOND",
    233    "US": "MICROSECOND",
    234    "USEC": "MICROSECOND",
    235    "MICROSECONDS": "MICROSECOND",
    236    "NS": "NANOSECOND",
    237    "NSEC": "NANOSECOND",
    238    "NANOSEC": "NANOSECOND",
    239    "NSECOND": "NANOSECOND",
    240    "NSECONDS": "NANOSECOND",
    241    "NANOSECS": "NANOSECOND",
    242    "NSECONDS": "NANOSECOND",
    243    "EPOCH": "EPOCH_SECOND",
    244    "EPOCH_SECONDS": "EPOCH_SECOND",
    245    "EPOCH_MILLISECONDS": "EPOCH_MILLISECOND",
    246    "EPOCH_MICROSECONDS": "EPOCH_MICROSECOND",
    247    "EPOCH_NANOSECONDS": "EPOCH_NANOSECOND",
    248    "TZH": "TIMEZONE_HOUR",
    249    "TZM": "TIMEZONE_MINUTE",
    250}
    251
    252
    253@t.overload
    254def _map_date_part(part: exp.Expression) -> exp.Var:
    255    pass
    256
    257
    258@t.overload
    259def _map_date_part(part: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    260    pass
    261
    262
    263def _map_date_part(part):
    264    mapped = DATE_PART_MAPPING.get(part.name.upper()) if part else None
    265    return exp.var(mapped) if mapped else part
    266
    267
    268def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
    269    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
    270    trunc.set("unit", _map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
    271    return trunc
    272
    273
    274def _parse_colon_get_path(
    275    self: parser.Parser, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]
    276) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    277    while True:
    278        path = self._parse_bitwise()
    279
    280        # The cast :: operator has a lower precedence than the extraction operator :, so
    281        # we rearrange the AST appropriately to avoid casting the 2nd argument of GET_PATH
    282        if isinstance(path, exp.Cast):
    283            target_type = path.to
    284            path = path.this
    285        else:
    286            target_type = None
    287
    288        if isinstance(path, exp.Expression):
    289            path = exp.Literal.string(path.sql(dialect="snowflake"))
    290
    291        # The extraction operator : is left-associative
    292        this = self.expression(exp.GetPath, this=this, expression=path)
    293
    294        if target_type:
    295            this = exp.cast(this, target_type)
    296
    297        if not self._match(TokenType.COLON):
    298            break
    299
    300    return self._parse_range(this)
    301
    302
    303def _parse_timestamp_from_parts(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
    304    if len(args) == 2:
    305        # Other dialects don't have the TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS(date, time) concept,
    306        # so we parse this into Anonymous for now instead of introducing complexity
    307        return exp.Anonymous(this="TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS", expressions=args)
    308
    309    return exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
    310
    311
    312def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    313    """
    314    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
    315    so we need to unqualify them.
    316
    317    Example:
    318        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
    319        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
    320        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
    321        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
    322    """
    323    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
    324        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
    325
    326    return expression
    327
    328
    329class Snowflake(Dialect):
    330    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
    331    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
    332    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
    333    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
    334    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    335    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    336    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
    337    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    338
    339    TIME_MAPPING = {
    340        "YYYY": "%Y",
    341        "yyyy": "%Y",
    342        "YY": "%y",
    343        "yy": "%y",
    344        "MMMM": "%B",
    345        "mmmm": "%B",
    346        "MON": "%b",
    347        "mon": "%b",
    348        "MM": "%m",
    349        "mm": "%m",
    350        "DD": "%d",
    351        "dd": "%-d",
    352        "DY": "%a",
    353        "dy": "%w",
    354        "HH24": "%H",
    355        "hh24": "%H",
    356        "HH12": "%I",
    357        "hh12": "%I",
    358        "MI": "%M",
    359        "mi": "%M",
    360        "SS": "%S",
    361        "ss": "%S",
    362        "FF": "%f",
    363        "ff": "%f",
    364        "FF6": "%f",
    365        "ff6": "%f",
    366    }
    367
    368    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    369        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    370        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    371        if (
    372            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    373            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    374            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    375        ):
    376            return t.cast(E, expression)
    377
    378        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
    379
    380    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    381        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    382
    383        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    384
    385        FUNCTIONS = {
    386            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    387            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    388            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    389            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    390                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    391            ),
    392            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    393                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    394                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    395                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    396                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    397            ),
    398            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    399            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    400            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    401            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    402            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    403            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    404            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    405                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    406                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    407                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
    408            ),
    409            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    410            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    411            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    412            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    413            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    414                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    415            ),
    416            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    417            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    418            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    419            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    420            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    421            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    422            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    423            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    424            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    425            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    426            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    427            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    428            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    429            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    430        }
    431
    432        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    433            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    434            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    435            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    436        }
    437        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    438
    439        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    440
    441        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    442            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    443            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    444            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    445            TokenType.COLON: _parse_colon_get_path,
    446        }
    447
    448        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    449            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    450            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    451            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    452                exp.Set,
    453                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    454                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    455                unset=True,
    456            ),
    457            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    458        }
    459
    460        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    461            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    462            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    463        }
    464
    465        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    466            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    467            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    468        }
    469
    470        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    471            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    472            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    473            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    474            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    475            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    476            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    477            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    478        }
    479
    480        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    481            TokenType.DOT,
    482            TokenType.MOD,
    483            TokenType.SLASH,
    484        }
    485
    486        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    487
    488        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    489            if is_map:
    490                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    491                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    492                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    493                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    494
    495            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
    496
    497        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    498            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    499            if not lateral:
    500                return lateral
    501
    502            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    503                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    504                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    505                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    506                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    507                elif not table_alias:
    508                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    509
    510            return lateral
    511
    512        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
    513            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    514            index = self._index
    515            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
    516                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    517                kind = (
    518                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    519                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    520                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    521                )
    522                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    523
    524                if expression:
    525                    self._match_r_paren()
    526                    when = self.expression(
    527                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    528                    )
    529                    table.set("when", when)
    530                else:
    531                    self._retreat(index)
    532
    533            return table
    534
    535        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    536            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    537            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    538                table = self._parse_string()
    539            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    540                table = self._parse_location_path()
    541            else:
    542                table = None
    543
    544            if table:
    545                file_format = None
    546                pattern = None
    547
    548                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    549                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    550                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    551                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts()
    552                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    553                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    554                    else:
    555                        break
    556
    557                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    558
    559                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    560            else:
    561                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    562
    563            return self._parse_at_before(table)
    564
    565        def _parse_id_var(
    566            self,
    567            any_token: bool = True,
    568            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    569        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    570            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    571                identifier = (
    572                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    573                    or self._parse_string()
    574                )
    575                self._match_r_paren()
    576                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    577
    578            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    579
    580        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    581            scope = None
    582            scope_kind = None
    583
    584            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    585            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    586            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    587
    588            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    589
    590            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    591                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    592                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    593                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    594                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    595                    if self._curr:
    596                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    597                elif self._curr:
    598                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this == "OBJECTS" else "TABLE"
    599                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    600
    601            return self.expression(
    602                exp.Show,
    603                **{
    604                    "terse": terse,
    605                    "this": this,
    606                    "like": like,
    607                    "scope": scope,
    608                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    609                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    610                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    611                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    612                },
    613            )
    614
    615        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    616            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    617            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    618
    619        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    620            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    621            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    622
    623        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    624            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    625
    626            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    627            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
    628            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
    629                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    630
    631            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    632
    633    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    634        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    635        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    636        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    637        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    638
    639        KEYWORDS = {
    640            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    641            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    642            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    643            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    644            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    645            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    646            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    647            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    648            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    649            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    650            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    651            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    652            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    653            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    654            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    655            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    656            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    657            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    658            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    659            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    660            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    661            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    662        }
    663
    664        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    665            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    666            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    667        }
    668
    669        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    670
    671        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
    672
    673    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    674        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    675        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    676        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    677        JOIN_HINTS = False
    678        TABLE_HINTS = False
    679        QUERY_HINTS = False
    680        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    681        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    682        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    683        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    684        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    685        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
    686
    687        TRANSFORMS = {
    688            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    689            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    690            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    691            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    692            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    693            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    694            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    695            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    696                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    697            ),
    698            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    699            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    700            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    701            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    702            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    703            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    704            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    705            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    706            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    707            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    708            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    709                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
    710            ),
    711            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    712                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    713            ),
    714            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    715            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    716            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: f"{self.sql(e, 'this')}[{self.sql(e, 'expression')}]",
    717            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    718            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    719            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    720            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    721            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    722            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    723            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    724            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    725                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    726            ),
    727            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    728                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    729            ),
    730            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
    731            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    732            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    733            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    734                [
    735                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    736                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    737                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    738                ]
    739            ),
    740            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    741            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    742            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    743            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    744                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    745            ),
    746            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    747            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    748                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    749                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    750            ),
    751            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    752            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    753                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    754            ),
    755            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    756            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    757            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    758                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    759            ),
    760            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    761            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    762            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    763            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    764            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    765            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    766            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
    767            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    768            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    769            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    770        }
    771
    772        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    773            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    774            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    775        }
    776
    777        STAR_MAPPING = {
    778            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    779            "replace": "RENAME",
    780        }
    781
    782        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    783            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    784            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    785            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    786        }
    787
    788        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    789            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    790            if milli is not None:
    791                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    792                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    793
    794            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    795
    796        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    797            value = expression.this
    798
    799            if value.type is None:
    800                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    801
    802                value = annotate_types(value)
    803
    804            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    805                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    806
    807            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    808            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    809
    810        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    811            if not expression.expression:
    812                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    813
    814            return super().log_sql(expression)
    815
    816        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    817            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    818            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    819
    820            columns = [
    821                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    822                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    823                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    824                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    825                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    826                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    827                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    828            ]
    829
    830            if unnest_alias:
    831                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    832            else:
    833                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    834
    835            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    836            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    837            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    838            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    839
    840        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    841            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    842            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    843            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    844
    845            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    846            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    847
    848            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    849            if scope_kind:
    850                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    851
    852            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    853            if starts_with:
    854                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    855
    856            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    857
    858            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    859            if from_:
    860                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    861
    862            return (
    863                f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    864            )
    865
    866        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    867            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    868            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    869            group = expression.args.get("group")
    870            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    871            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    872            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    873
    874            return self.func(
    875                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    876                expression.this,
    877                expression.expression,
    878                position,
    879                occurrence,
    880                parameters,
    881                group,
    882            )
    883
    884        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    885            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    886                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    887            return super().except_op(expression)
    888
    889        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    890            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    891                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    892            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    893
    894        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    895            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    896            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    897            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    898            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    899            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    900            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    901            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    902
    903        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    904            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    905        ) -> str:
    906            start = expression.args.get("start")
    907            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    908            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    909            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    910            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    911
    912        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    913            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    914            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    915
    916        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    917            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")

DATE_PART_MAPPING = {'Y': 'YEAR', 'YY': 'YEAR', 'YYY': 'YEAR', 'YYYY': 'YEAR', 'YR': 'YEAR', 'YEARS': 'YEAR', 'YRS': 'YEAR', 'MM': 'MONTH', 'MON': 'MONTH', 'MONS': 'MONTH', 'MONTHS': 'MONTH', 'D': 'DAY', 'DD': 'DAY', 'DAYS': 'DAY', 'DAYOFMONTH': 'DAY', 'WEEKDAY': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DOW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'WEEKDAY_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DOW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'YEARDAY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DOY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'W': 'WEEK', 'WK': 'WEEK', 'WEEKOFYEAR': 'WEEK', 'WOY': 'WEEK', 'WY': 'WEEK', 'WEEK_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'Q': 'QUARTER', 'QTR': 'QUARTER', 'QTRS': 'QUARTER', 'QUARTERS': 'QUARTER', 'H': 'HOUR', 'HH': 'HOUR', 'HR': 'HOUR', 'HOURS': 'HOUR', 'HRS': 'HOUR', 'M': 'MINUTE', 'MI': 'MINUTE', 'MIN': 'MINUTE', 'MINUTES': 'MINUTE', 'MINS': 'MINUTE', 'S': 'SECOND', 'SEC': 'SECOND', 'SECONDS': 'SECOND', 'SECS': 'SECOND', 'MS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'US': 'MICROSECOND', 'USEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'NS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECOND': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECONDS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSECS': 'NANOSECOND', 'EPOCH': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_SECONDS': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS': 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS': 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS': 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'TZH': 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'TZM': 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE'}
class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    330class Snowflake(Dialect):
    331    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
    332    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
    333    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
    334    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
    335    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    336    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    337    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
    338    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    339
    340    TIME_MAPPING = {
    341        "YYYY": "%Y",
    342        "yyyy": "%Y",
    343        "YY": "%y",
    344        "yy": "%y",
    345        "MMMM": "%B",
    346        "mmmm": "%B",
    347        "MON": "%b",
    348        "mon": "%b",
    349        "MM": "%m",
    350        "mm": "%m",
    351        "DD": "%d",
    352        "dd": "%-d",
    353        "DY": "%a",
    354        "dy": "%w",
    355        "HH24": "%H",
    356        "hh24": "%H",
    357        "HH12": "%I",
    358        "hh12": "%I",
    359        "MI": "%M",
    360        "mi": "%M",
    361        "SS": "%S",
    362        "ss": "%S",
    363        "FF": "%f",
    364        "ff": "%f",
    365        "FF6": "%f",
    366        "ff6": "%f",
    367    }
    368
    369    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    370        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    371        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    372        if (
    373            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    374            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    375            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    376        ):
    377            return t.cast(E, expression)
    378
    379        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
    380
    381    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    382        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    383
    384        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    385
    386        FUNCTIONS = {
    387            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    388            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    389            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    390            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    391                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    392            ),
    393            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    394                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    395                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    396                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    397                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    398            ),
    399            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    400            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    401            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    402            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    403            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    404            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    405            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    406                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    407                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    408                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
    409            ),
    410            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    411            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    412            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    413            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    414            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    415                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    416            ),
    417            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    418            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    419            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    420            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    421            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    422            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    423            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    424            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    425            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    426            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    427            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    428            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    429            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    430            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    431        }
    432
    433        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    434            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    435            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    436            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    437        }
    438        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    439
    440        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    441
    442        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    443            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    444            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    445            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    446            TokenType.COLON: _parse_colon_get_path,
    447        }
    448
    449        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    450            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    451            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    452            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    453                exp.Set,
    454                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    455                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    456                unset=True,
    457            ),
    458            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    459        }
    460
    461        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    462            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    463            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    464        }
    465
    466        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    467            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    468            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    469        }
    470
    471        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    472            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    473            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    474            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    475            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    476            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    477            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    478            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    479        }
    480
    481        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    482            TokenType.DOT,
    483            TokenType.MOD,
    484            TokenType.SLASH,
    485        }
    486
    487        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    488
    489        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    490            if is_map:
    491                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    492                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    493                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    494                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    495
    496            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
    497
    498        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    499            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    500            if not lateral:
    501                return lateral
    502
    503            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    504                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    505                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    506                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    507                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    508                elif not table_alias:
    509                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    510
    511            return lateral
    512
    513        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
    514            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    515            index = self._index
    516            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
    517                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    518                kind = (
    519                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    520                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    521                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    522                )
    523                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    524
    525                if expression:
    526                    self._match_r_paren()
    527                    when = self.expression(
    528                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    529                    )
    530                    table.set("when", when)
    531                else:
    532                    self._retreat(index)
    533
    534            return table
    535
    536        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    537            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    538            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    539                table = self._parse_string()
    540            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    541                table = self._parse_location_path()
    542            else:
    543                table = None
    544
    545            if table:
    546                file_format = None
    547                pattern = None
    548
    549                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    550                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    551                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    552                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts()
    553                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    554                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    555                    else:
    556                        break
    557
    558                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    559
    560                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    561            else:
    562                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    563
    564            return self._parse_at_before(table)
    565
    566        def _parse_id_var(
    567            self,
    568            any_token: bool = True,
    569            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    570        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    571            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    572                identifier = (
    573                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    574                    or self._parse_string()
    575                )
    576                self._match_r_paren()
    577                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    578
    579            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    580
    581        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    582            scope = None
    583            scope_kind = None
    584
    585            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    586            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    587            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    588
    589            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    590
    591            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    592                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    593                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    594                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    595                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    596                    if self._curr:
    597                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    598                elif self._curr:
    599                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this == "OBJECTS" else "TABLE"
    600                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    601
    602            return self.expression(
    603                exp.Show,
    604                **{
    605                    "terse": terse,
    606                    "this": this,
    607                    "like": like,
    608                    "scope": scope,
    609                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    610                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    611                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    612                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    613                },
    614            )
    615
    616        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    617            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    618            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    619
    620        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    621            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    622            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    623
    624        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    625            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    626
    627            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    628            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
    629            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
    630                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    631
    632            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
    633
    634    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    635        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    636        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    637        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    638        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    639
    640        KEYWORDS = {
    641            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    642            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    643            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    644            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    645            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    646            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    647            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    648            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    649            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    650            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    651            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    652            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    653            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    654            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    655            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    656            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    657            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    658            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    659            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    660            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    661            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    662            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    663        }
    664
    665        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    666            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    667            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    668        }
    669
    670        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    671
    672        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
    673
    674    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    675        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    676        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    677        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    678        JOIN_HINTS = False
    679        TABLE_HINTS = False
    680        QUERY_HINTS = False
    681        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    682        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    683        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    684        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    685        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    686        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
    687
    688        TRANSFORMS = {
    689            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    690            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    691            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    692            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    693            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    694            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    695            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    696            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    697                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    698            ),
    699            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    700            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    701            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    702            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    703            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    704            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    705            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    706            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    707            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    708            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    709            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    710                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
    711            ),
    712            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    713                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    714            ),
    715            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    716            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    717            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: f"{self.sql(e, 'this')}[{self.sql(e, 'expression')}]",
    718            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    719            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    720            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    721            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    722            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    723            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    724            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    725            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    726                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    727            ),
    728            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    729                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    730            ),
    731            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
    732            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    733            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    734            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    735                [
    736                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    737                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    738                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    739                ]
    740            ),
    741            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    742            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    743            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    744            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    745                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    746            ),
    747            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    748            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    749                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    750                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    751            ),
    752            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    753            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    754                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    755            ),
    756            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    757            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    758            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    759                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    760            ),
    761            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    762            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    763            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    764            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    765            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    766            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    767            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
    768            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    769            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    770            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    771        }
    772
    773        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    774            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    775            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    776        }
    777
    778        STAR_MAPPING = {
    779            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    780            "replace": "RENAME",
    781        }
    782
    783        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    784            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    785            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    786            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    787        }
    788
    789        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    790            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    791            if milli is not None:
    792                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    793                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    794
    795            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    796
    797        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    798            value = expression.this
    799
    800            if value.type is None:
    801                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    802
    803                value = annotate_types(value)
    804
    805            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    806                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    807
    808            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    809            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    810
    811        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    812            if not expression.expression:
    813                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    814
    815            return super().log_sql(expression)
    816
    817        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    818            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    819            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    820
    821            columns = [
    822                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    823                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    824                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    825                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    826                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    827                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    828                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    829            ]
    830
    831            if unnest_alias:
    832                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    833            else:
    834                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    835
    836            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    837            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    838            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    839            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    840
    841        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    842            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    843            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    844            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    845
    846            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    847            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    848
    849            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    850            if scope_kind:
    851                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    852
    853            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    854            if starts_with:
    855                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    856
    857            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    858
    859            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    860            if from_:
    861                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    862
    863            return (
    864                f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    865            )
    866
    867        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    868            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    869            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    870            group = expression.args.get("group")
    871            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    872            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    873            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    874
    875            return self.func(
    876                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    877                expression.this,
    878                expression.expression,
    879                position,
    880                occurrence,
    881                parameters,
    882                group,
    883            )
    884
    885        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    886            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    887                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    888            return super().except_op(expression)
    889
    890        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    891            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    892                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    893            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    894
    895        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    896            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    897            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    898            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    899            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    900            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    901            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    902            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    903
    904        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    905            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    906        ) -> str:
    907            start = expression.args.get("start")
    908            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    909            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    910            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    911            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    912
    913        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    914            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    915            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    916
    917        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    918            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Indicates the default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Determines whether or not user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Determines whether or not `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

    will be rewritten as

    WITH y(c) AS (
        SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
    ) SELECT c FROM y;

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Determines whether or not a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` format.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    369    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    370        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    371        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    372        if (
    373            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    374            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    375            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    376        ):
    377            return t.cast(E, expression)
    378
    379        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an `Identifier`, this method is a no-op.
- identify: If set to `False`, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  WEEK_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  CONCAT_COALESCE
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  ESCAPE_SEQUENCES
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    381    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    382        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    383
    384        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    385
    386        FUNCTIONS = {
    387            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    388            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    389            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    390            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    391                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    392            ),
    393            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    394                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    395                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    396                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    397                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    398            ),
    399            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    400            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    401            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    402            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    403            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    404            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    405            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    406                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    407                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    408                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
    409            ),
    410            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    411            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    412            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    413            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    414            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    415                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    416            ),
    417            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    418            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    419            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    420            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    421            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    422            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    423            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    424            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    425            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    426            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    427            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
    428            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    429            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    430            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    431        }
    432
    433        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    434            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    435            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    436            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    437        }
    438        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    439
    440        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    441
    442        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    443            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    444            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    445            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    446            TokenType.COLON: _parse_colon_get_path,
    447        }
    448
    449        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    450            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    451            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    452            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    453                exp.Set,
    454                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    455                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    456                unset=True,
    457            ),
    458            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    459        }
    460
    461        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    462            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    463            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    464        }
    465
    466        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    467            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    468            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    469        }
    470
    471        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    472            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    473            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    474            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    475            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    476            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    477            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    478            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    479        }
    480
    481        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    482            TokenType.DOT,
    483            TokenType.MOD,
    484            TokenType.SLASH,
    485        }
    486
    487        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    488
    489        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    490            if is_map:
    491                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    492                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    493                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    494                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    495
    496            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
    497
    498        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    499            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    500            if not lateral:
    501                return lateral
    502
    503            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    504                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    505                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    506                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    507                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    508                elif not table_alias:
    509                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    510
    511            return lateral
    512
    513        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
    514            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
    515            index = self._index
    516            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
    517                this = self._prev.text.upper()
    518                kind = (
    519                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    520                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
    521                    and self._prev.text.upper()
    522                )
    523                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
    524
    525                if expression:
    526                    self._match_r_paren()
    527                    when = self.expression(
    528                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
    529                    )
    530                    table.set("when", when)
    531                else:
    532                    self._retreat(index)
    533
    534            return table
    535
    536        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    537            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    538            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    539                table = self._parse_string()
    540            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    541                table = self._parse_location_path()
    542            else:
    543                table = None
    544
    545            if table:
    546                file_format = None
    547                pattern = None
    548
    549                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    550                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    551                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    552                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts()
    553                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    554                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    555                    else:
    556                        break
    557
    558                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    559
    560                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    561            else:
    562                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    563
    564            return self._parse_at_before(table)
    565
    566        def _parse_id_var(
    567            self,
    568            any_token: bool = True,
    569            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    570        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    571            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    572                identifier = (
    573                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    574                    or self._parse_string()
    575                )
    576                self._match_r_paren()
    577                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    578
    579            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    580
    581        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    582            scope = None
    583            scope_kind = None
    584
    585            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    586            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    587            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    588
    589            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    590
    591            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    592                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    593                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    594                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    595                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    596                    if self._curr:
    597                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    598                elif self._curr:
    599                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this == "OBJECTS" else "TABLE"
    600                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    601
    602            return self.expression(
    603                exp.Show,
    604                **{
    605                    "terse": terse,
    606                    "this": this,
    607                    "like": like,
    608                    "scope": scope,
    609                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    610                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    611                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    612                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    613                },
    614            )
    615
    616        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    617            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    618            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    619
    620        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    621            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    622            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    623
    624        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    625            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
    626
    627            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    628            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
    629            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
    630                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
    631
    632            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GET_PATH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GetPath'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function parse_logarithm>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _parse_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function _parse_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function _parse_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'ARRAYAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function _parse_convert_timezone>, 'DATEADD': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DIV0': <function _div0_to_if>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _nullifzero_to_if>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _parse_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_to_timestamp>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _zeroifnull_to_if>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function _parse_date_part>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>: <function _parse_colon_get_path>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ID_VAR_TOKENS
  INTERVAL_VARS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  MODIFIABLES
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
  UNION_MODIFIERS
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    634    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    635        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    636        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    637        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    638        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    639
    640        KEYWORDS = {
    641            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    642            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    643            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    644            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    645            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    646            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    647            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    648            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    649            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    650            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    651            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    652            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    653            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    654            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    655            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    656            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    657            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    658            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    659            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    660            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    661            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    662            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    663        }
    664
    665        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    666            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    667            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    668        }
    669
    670        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    671
    672        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, "'": <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '`': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '"': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  QUOTES
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  peek
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    674    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    675        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    676        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    677        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    678        JOIN_HINTS = False
    679        TABLE_HINTS = False
    680        QUERY_HINTS = False
    681        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    682        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    683        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    684        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    685        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
    686        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
    687
    688        TRANSFORMS = {
    689            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    690            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    691            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    692            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    693            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    694            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    695            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    696            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    697                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    698            ),
    699            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    700            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    701            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    702            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    703            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    704            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    705            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    706            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    707            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    708            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    709            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    710                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
    711            ),
    712            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    713                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    714            ),
    715            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    716            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    717            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: f"{self.sql(e, 'this')}[{self.sql(e, 'expression')}]",
    718            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    719            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    720            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    721            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    722            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    723            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    724            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    725            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    726                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    727            ),
    728            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    729                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    730            ),
    731            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
    732            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    733            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    734            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    735                [
    736                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    737                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    738                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    739                ]
    740            ),
    741            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    742            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    743            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    744            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    745                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    746            ),
    747            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    748            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    749                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    750                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    751            ),
    752            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    753            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    754                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    755            ),
    756            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    757            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    758            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    759                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    760            ),
    761            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    762            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    763            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    764            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    765            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    766            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    767            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
    768            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    769            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    770            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    771        }
    772
    773        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    774            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    775            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    776        }
    777
    778        STAR_MAPPING = {
    779            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    780            "replace": "RENAME",
    781        }
    782
    783        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    784            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    785            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    786            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    787        }
    788
    789        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    790            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    791            if milli is not None:
    792                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    793                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    794
    795            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    796
    797        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    798            value = expression.this
    799
    800            if value.type is None:
    801                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    802
    803                value = annotate_types(value)
    804
    805            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    806                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    807
    808            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    809            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    810
    811        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    812            if not expression.expression:
    813                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    814
    815            return super().log_sql(expression)
    816
    817        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    818            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    819            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    820
    821            columns = [
    822                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    823                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    824                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    825                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    826                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    827                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    828                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    829            ]
    830
    831            if unnest_alias:
    832                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    833            else:
    834                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    835
    836            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    837            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    838            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    839            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    840
    841        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    842            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    843            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    844            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    845
    846            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    847            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    848
    849            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    850            if scope_kind:
    851                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    852
    853            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    854            if starts_with:
    855                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    856
    857            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    858
    859            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    860            if from_:
    861                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    862
    863            return (
    864                f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    865            )
    866
    867        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    868            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    869            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    870            group = expression.args.get("group")
    871            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    872            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    873            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    874
    875            return self.func(
    876                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    877                expression.this,
    878                expression.expression,
    879                position,
    880                occurrence,
    881                parameters,
    882                group,
    883            )
    884
    885        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    886            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    887                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    888            return super().except_op(expression)
    889
    890        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    891            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    892                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    893            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    894
    895        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    896            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    897            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    898            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    899            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    900            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    901            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    902            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    903
    904        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    905            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    906        ) -> str:
    907            start = expression.args.get("start")
    908            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    909            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    910            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    911            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    912
    913        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    914            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    915            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    916
    917        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    918            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function _datatype_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'}
STAR_MAPPING = {'except': 'EXCLUDE', 'replace': 'RENAME'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str: View Source

    789        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    790            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    791            if milli is not None:
    792                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    793                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    794
    795            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    797        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    798            value = expression.this
    799
    800            if value.type is None:
    801                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    802
    803                value = annotate_types(value)
    804
    805            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    806                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    807
    808            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    809            return self.cast_sql(expression)

def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str: View Source

    811        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    812            if not expression.expression:
    813                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    814
    815            return super().log_sql(expression)

def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    817        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    818            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    819            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    820
    821            columns = [
    822                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    823                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    824                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    825                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    826                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    827                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    828                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    829            ]
    830
    831            if unnest_alias:
    832                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    833            else:
    834                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    835
    836            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    837            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    838            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    839            return f"{explode}{alias}"

def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str: View Source

    841        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    842            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    843            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    844            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    845
    846            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    847            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    848
    849            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    850            if scope_kind:
    851                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    852
    853            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    854            if starts_with:
    855                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    856
    857            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    858
    859            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    860            if from_:
    861                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    862
    863            return (
    864                f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
    865            )

def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract) -> str: View Source

    867        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    868            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    869            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    870            group = expression.args.get("group")
    871            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    872            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    873            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    874
    875            return self.func(
    876                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    877                expression.this,
    878                expression.expression,
    879                position,
    880                occurrence,
    881                parameters,
    882                group,
    883            )

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    885        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    886            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    887                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    888            return super().except_op(expression)

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    890        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    891            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    892                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    893            return super().intersect_op(expression)

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    895        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    896            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    897            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    898            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    899            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    900            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    901            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    902            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    904        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    905            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    906        ) -> str:
    907            start = expression.args.get("start")
    908            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    909            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    910            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    911            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

def swaptable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable) -> str: View Source

    913        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    914            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    915            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    917        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    918            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
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