sqlglot.dialects.snowflake API documentation

Edit on GitHub

# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

View Source

      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot._typing import E
      7from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      8    Dialect,
      9    NormalizationStrategy,
     10    binary_from_function,
     11    date_delta_sql,
     12    date_trunc_to_time,
     13    datestrtodate_sql,
     14    format_time_lambda,
     15    if_sql,
     16    inline_array_sql,
     17    max_or_greatest,
     18    min_or_least,
     19    rename_func,
     20    timestamptrunc_sql,
     21    timestrtotime_sql,
     22    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
     23    var_map_sql,
     24)
     25from sqlglot.expressions import Literal
     26from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
     27from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     28
     29
     30def _check_int(s: str) -> bool:
     31    if s[0] in ("-", "+"):
     32        return s[1:].isdigit()
     33    return s.isdigit()
     34
     35
     36# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
     37def _parse_to_timestamp(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StrToTime, exp.UnixToTime, exp.TimeStrToTime]:
     38    if len(args) == 2:
     39        first_arg, second_arg = args
     40        if second_arg.is_string:
     41            # case: <string_expr> [ , <format> ]
     42            return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
     43
     44        # case: <numeric_expr> [ , <scale> ]
     45        if second_arg.name not in ["0", "3", "9"]:
     46            raise ValueError(
     47                f"Scale for snowflake numeric timestamp is {second_arg}, but should be 0, 3, or 9"
     48            )
     49
     50        if second_arg.name == "0":
     51            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS
     52        elif second_arg.name == "3":
     53            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
     54        elif second_arg.name == "9":
     55            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.NANOS
     56
     57        return exp.UnixToTime(this=first_arg, scale=timescale)
     58
     59    from sqlglot.optimizer.simplify import simplify_literals
     60
     61    # The first argument might be an expression like 40 * 365 * 86400, so we try to
     62    # reduce it using `simplify_literals` first and then check if it's a Literal.
     63    first_arg = seq_get(args, 0)
     64    if not isinstance(simplify_literals(first_arg, root=True), Literal):
     65        # case: <variant_expr> or other expressions such as columns
     66        return exp.TimeStrToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     67
     68    if first_arg.is_string:
     69        if _check_int(first_arg.this):
     70            # case: <integer>
     71            return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     72
     73        # case: <date_expr>
     74        return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args)
     75
     76    # case: <numeric_expr>
     77    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     78
     79
     80def _parse_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
     81    expression = parser.parse_var_map(args)
     82
     83    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
     84        return expression
     85
     86    return exp.Struct(
     87        expressions=[
     88            t.cast(exp.Condition, k).eq(v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
     89        ]
     90    )
     91
     92
     93def _parse_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
     94    return exp.DateDiff(this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0))
     95
     96
     97def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
     98    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
     99    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
    100    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    101        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp})"
    102    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
    103        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp}, 3)"
    104    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
    105        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp} / 1000, 3)"
    106    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.NANOS:
    107        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp}, 9)"
    108
    109    self.unsupported(f"Unsupported scale for timestamp: {scale}.")
    110    return ""
    111
    112
    113# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
    114# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
    115def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    116    this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
    117
    118    if not this:
    119        return None
    120
    121    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    122    expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    123
    124    name = this.name.upper()
    125    if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
    126        if name.startswith("EPOCH_MILLISECOND"):
    127            scale = 10**3
    128        elif name.startswith("EPOCH_MICROSECOND"):
    129            scale = 10**6
    130        elif name.startswith("EPOCH_NANOSECOND"):
    131            scale = 10**9
    132        else:
    133            scale = None
    134
    135        ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    136        to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    137
    138        if scale:
    139            to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    140
    141        return to_unix
    142
    143    return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    144
    145
    146# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
    147def _div0_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    148    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
    149    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
    150    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
    151    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
    152
    153
    154# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
    155def _zeroifnull_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    156    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
    157    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
    158
    159
    160# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
    161def _nullifzero_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
    162    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
    163    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
    164
    165
    166def _datatype_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    167    if expression.is_type("array"):
    168        return "ARRAY"
    169    elif expression.is_type("map"):
    170        return "OBJECT"
    171    return self.datatype_sql(expression)
    172
    173
    174def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
    175    flag = expression.text("flag")
    176
    177    if "i" not in flag:
    178        flag += "i"
    179
    180    return self.func(
    181        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
    182    )
    183
    184
    185def _parse_convert_timezone(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.Anonymous, exp.AtTimeZone]:
    186    if len(args) == 3:
    187        return exp.Anonymous(this="CONVERT_TIMEZONE", expressions=args)
    188    return exp.AtTimeZone(this=seq_get(args, 1), zone=seq_get(args, 0))
    189
    190
    191def _parse_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
    192    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
    193
    194    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
    195        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
    196
    197    return regexp_replace
    198
    199
    200def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
    201    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
    202        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
    203
    204    return _parse
    205
    206
    207class Snowflake(Dialect):
    208    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
    209    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
    210    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
    211    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
    212    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    213    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    214
    215    TIME_MAPPING = {
    216        "YYYY": "%Y",
    217        "yyyy": "%Y",
    218        "YY": "%y",
    219        "yy": "%y",
    220        "MMMM": "%B",
    221        "mmmm": "%B",
    222        "MON": "%b",
    223        "mon": "%b",
    224        "MM": "%m",
    225        "mm": "%m",
    226        "DD": "%d",
    227        "dd": "%-d",
    228        "DY": "%a",
    229        "dy": "%w",
    230        "HH24": "%H",
    231        "hh24": "%H",
    232        "HH12": "%I",
    233        "hh12": "%I",
    234        "MI": "%M",
    235        "mi": "%M",
    236        "SS": "%S",
    237        "ss": "%S",
    238        "FF": "%f",
    239        "ff": "%f",
    240        "FF6": "%f",
    241        "ff6": "%f",
    242    }
    243
    244    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    245        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    246        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    247        if (
    248            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    249            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    250            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    251        ):
    252            return t.cast(E, expression)
    253
    254        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
    255
    256    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    257        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    258
    259        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    260
    261        FUNCTIONS = {
    262            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    263            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    264            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    265            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    266                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    267            ),
    268            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    269                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    270                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    271                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    272                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    273            ),
    274            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    275            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    276            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    277            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    278            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    279            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    280            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    281                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    282            ),
    283            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    284            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    285            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    286            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    287            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    288            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    289            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    290            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    291            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    292            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    293            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    294            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    295            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    296            "TO_ARRAY": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    297            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    298            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    299            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    300        }
    301
    302        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    303            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    304            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    305        }
    306        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    307
    308        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    309            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,
    310            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression(
    311                exp.Bracket, this=this, expressions=[path]
    312            ),
    313        }
    314
    315        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    316
    317        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    318            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    319            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    320            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    321        }
    322
    323        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    324            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    325            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    326            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    327                exp.Set,
    328                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    329                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    330                unset=True,
    331            ),
    332            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    333        }
    334
    335        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    336            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    337            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    338        }
    339
    340        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    341            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    342            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    343        }
    344
    345        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    346            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    347            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    348        }
    349
    350        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    351            TokenType.DOT,
    352            TokenType.MOD,
    353            TokenType.SLASH,
    354        }
    355        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    356
    357        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    358            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    359            if not lateral:
    360                return lateral
    361
    362            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    363                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    364                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    365                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    366                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    367                elif not table_alias:
    368                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    369
    370            return lateral
    371
    372        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    373            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    374            table: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    375            if self._match_text_seq("@"):
    376                table_name = "@"
    377                while self._curr:
    378                    self._advance()
    379                    table_name += self._prev.text
    380                    if not self._match_set(self.STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS, advance=False):
    381                        break
    382                    while self._match_set(self.STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS):
    383                        table_name += self._prev.text
    384
    385                table = exp.var(table_name)
    386            elif self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    387                table = self._parse_string()
    388
    389            if table:
    390                file_format = None
    391                pattern = None
    392
    393                if self._match_text_seq("(", "FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    394                    file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts()
    395                    if self._match_text_seq(",", "PATTERN", "=>"):
    396                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    397                    self._match_r_paren()
    398
    399                return self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    400
    401            return super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    402
    403        def _parse_id_var(
    404            self,
    405            any_token: bool = True,
    406            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    407        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    408            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    409                identifier = (
    410                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    411                    or self._parse_string()
    412                )
    413                self._match_r_paren()
    414                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    415
    416            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    417
    418        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    419            scope = None
    420            scope_kind = None
    421
    422            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    423                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    424                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    425                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    426                    scope_kind = self._prev.text
    427                    if self._curr:
    428                        scope = self._parse_table()
    429                elif self._curr:
    430                    scope_kind = "TABLE"
    431                    scope = self._parse_table()
    432
    433            return self.expression(exp.Show, this=this, scope=scope, scope_kind=scope_kind)
    434
    435        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    436            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    437            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    438
    439        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    440            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    441
    442            parts = [self._parse_var(any_token=True)]
    443
    444            while self._match(TokenType.SLASH):
    445                if self._curr and self._prev.end + 1 == self._curr.start:
    446                    parts.append(self._parse_var(any_token=True))
    447                else:
    448                    parts.append(exp.Var(this=""))
    449            return self.expression(
    450                exp.LocationProperty, this=exp.var("/".join(str(p) for p in parts))
    451            )
    452
    453    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    454        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    455        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    456        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    457        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    458
    459        KEYWORDS = {
    460            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    461            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    462            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    463            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    464            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    465            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    466            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    467            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    468            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    469            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    470            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    471            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    472            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    473            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    474            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    475            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    476            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    477            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    478        }
    479
    480        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    481            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    482            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    483        }
    484
    485        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    486
    487        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
    488
    489    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    490        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    491        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    492        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    493        JOIN_HINTS = False
    494        TABLE_HINTS = False
    495        QUERY_HINTS = False
    496        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    497        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    498        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    499        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    500
    501        TRANSFORMS = {
    502            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    503            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    504            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    505            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    506            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    507            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    508            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    509            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    510                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    511            ),
    512            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    513            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    514            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    515            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    516            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    517            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    518            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    519            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    520            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    521            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    522            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    523                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    524            ),
    525            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    526            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    527            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    528            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    529            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    530            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    531            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    532            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    533            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    534                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    535            ),
    536            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    537                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    538            ),
    539            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    540            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    541                [
    542                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    543                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    544                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    545                ]
    546            ),
    547            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    548            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    549            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    550            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    551                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    552            ),
    553            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    554            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    555                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    556                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    557            ),
    558            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    559            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    560            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    561            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    562                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    563            ),
    564            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    565            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    566            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    567            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    568            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    569            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"),
    570            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    571            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    572            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    573            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    574        }
    575
    576        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    577            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    578            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    579        }
    580
    581        STAR_MAPPING = {
    582            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    583            "replace": "RENAME",
    584        }
    585
    586        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    587            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    588            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    589            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    590        }
    591
    592        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    593            value = expression.this
    594
    595            if value.type is None:
    596                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    597
    598                value = annotate_types(value)
    599
    600            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    601                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    602
    603            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    604            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    605
    606        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    607            if not expression.expression:
    608                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    609
    610            return super().log_sql(expression)
    611
    612        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    613            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    614            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    615
    616            columns = [
    617                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    618                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    619                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    620                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    621                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    622                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    623                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    624            ]
    625
    626            if unnest_alias:
    627                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    628            else:
    629                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    630
    631            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    632            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    633            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    634            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    635
    636        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    637            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    638            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    639
    640            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    641            if scope_kind:
    642                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    643
    644            return f"SHOW {expression.name}{scope_kind}{scope}"
    645
    646        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    647            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    648            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    649            group = expression.args.get("group")
    650            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    651            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    652            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    653
    654            return self.func(
    655                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    656                expression.this,
    657                expression.expression,
    658                position,
    659                occurrence,
    660                parameters,
    661                group,
    662            )
    663
    664        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    665            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    666                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    667            return super().except_op(expression)
    668
    669        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    670            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    671                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    672            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    673
    674        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    675            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    676            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    677            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    678            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    679            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    680            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    681            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    682
    683        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    684            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    685        ) -> str:
    686            start = expression.args.get("start")
    687            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    688            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    689            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    690            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    691
    692        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    693            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    694            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    695
    696        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    697            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")

class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    208class Snowflake(Dialect):
    209    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
    210    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
    211    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
    212    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
    213    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    214    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    215
    216    TIME_MAPPING = {
    217        "YYYY": "%Y",
    218        "yyyy": "%Y",
    219        "YY": "%y",
    220        "yy": "%y",
    221        "MMMM": "%B",
    222        "mmmm": "%B",
    223        "MON": "%b",
    224        "mon": "%b",
    225        "MM": "%m",
    226        "mm": "%m",
    227        "DD": "%d",
    228        "dd": "%-d",
    229        "DY": "%a",
    230        "dy": "%w",
    231        "HH24": "%H",
    232        "hh24": "%H",
    233        "HH12": "%I",
    234        "hh12": "%I",
    235        "MI": "%M",
    236        "mi": "%M",
    237        "SS": "%S",
    238        "ss": "%S",
    239        "FF": "%f",
    240        "ff": "%f",
    241        "FF6": "%f",
    242        "ff6": "%f",
    243    }
    244
    245    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    246        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    247        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    248        if (
    249            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    250            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    251            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    252        ):
    253            return t.cast(E, expression)
    254
    255        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
    256
    257    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    258        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    259
    260        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    261
    262        FUNCTIONS = {
    263            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    264            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    265            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    266            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    267                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    268            ),
    269            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    270                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    271                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    272                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    273                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    274            ),
    275            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    276            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    277            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    278            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    279            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    280            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    281            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    282                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    283            ),
    284            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    285            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    286            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    287            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    288            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    289            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    290            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    291            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    292            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    293            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    294            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    295            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    296            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    297            "TO_ARRAY": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    298            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    299            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    300            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    301        }
    302
    303        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    304            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    305            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    306        }
    307        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    308
    309        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    310            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,
    311            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression(
    312                exp.Bracket, this=this, expressions=[path]
    313            ),
    314        }
    315
    316        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    317
    318        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    319            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    320            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    321            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    322        }
    323
    324        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    325            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    326            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    327            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    328                exp.Set,
    329                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    330                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    331                unset=True,
    332            ),
    333            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    334        }
    335
    336        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    337            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    338            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    339        }
    340
    341        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    342            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    343            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    344        }
    345
    346        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    347            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    348            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    349        }
    350
    351        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    352            TokenType.DOT,
    353            TokenType.MOD,
    354            TokenType.SLASH,
    355        }
    356        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    357
    358        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    359            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    360            if not lateral:
    361                return lateral
    362
    363            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    364                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    365                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    366                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    367                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    368                elif not table_alias:
    369                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    370
    371            return lateral
    372
    373        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    374            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    375            table: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    376            if self._match_text_seq("@"):
    377                table_name = "@"
    378                while self._curr:
    379                    self._advance()
    380                    table_name += self._prev.text
    381                    if not self._match_set(self.STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS, advance=False):
    382                        break
    383                    while self._match_set(self.STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS):
    384                        table_name += self._prev.text
    385
    386                table = exp.var(table_name)
    387            elif self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    388                table = self._parse_string()
    389
    390            if table:
    391                file_format = None
    392                pattern = None
    393
    394                if self._match_text_seq("(", "FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    395                    file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts()
    396                    if self._match_text_seq(",", "PATTERN", "=>"):
    397                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    398                    self._match_r_paren()
    399
    400                return self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    401
    402            return super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    403
    404        def _parse_id_var(
    405            self,
    406            any_token: bool = True,
    407            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    408        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    409            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    410                identifier = (
    411                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    412                    or self._parse_string()
    413                )
    414                self._match_r_paren()
    415                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    416
    417            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    418
    419        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    420            scope = None
    421            scope_kind = None
    422
    423            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    424                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    425                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    426                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    427                    scope_kind = self._prev.text
    428                    if self._curr:
    429                        scope = self._parse_table()
    430                elif self._curr:
    431                    scope_kind = "TABLE"
    432                    scope = self._parse_table()
    433
    434            return self.expression(exp.Show, this=this, scope=scope, scope_kind=scope_kind)
    435
    436        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    437            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    438            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    439
    440        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    441            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    442
    443            parts = [self._parse_var(any_token=True)]
    444
    445            while self._match(TokenType.SLASH):
    446                if self._curr and self._prev.end + 1 == self._curr.start:
    447                    parts.append(self._parse_var(any_token=True))
    448                else:
    449                    parts.append(exp.Var(this=""))
    450            return self.expression(
    451                exp.LocationProperty, this=exp.var("/".join(str(p) for p in parts))
    452            )
    453
    454    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    455        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    456        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    457        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    458        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    459
    460        KEYWORDS = {
    461            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    462            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    463            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    464            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    465            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    466            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    467            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    468            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    469            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    470            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    471            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    472            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    473            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    474            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    475            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    476            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    477            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    478            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    479        }
    480
    481        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    482            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    483            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    484        }
    485
    486        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    487
    488        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
    489
    490    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    491        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    492        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    493        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    494        JOIN_HINTS = False
    495        TABLE_HINTS = False
    496        QUERY_HINTS = False
    497        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    498        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    499        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    500        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    501
    502        TRANSFORMS = {
    503            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    504            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    505            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    506            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    507            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    508            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    509            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    510            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    511                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    512            ),
    513            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    514            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    515            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    516            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    517            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    518            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    519            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    520            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    521            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    522            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    523            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    524                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    525            ),
    526            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    527            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    528            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    529            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    530            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    531            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    532            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    533            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    534            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    535                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    536            ),
    537            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    538                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    539            ),
    540            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    541            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    542                [
    543                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    544                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    545                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    546                ]
    547            ),
    548            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    549            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    550            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    551            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    552                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    553            ),
    554            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    555            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    556                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    557                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    558            ),
    559            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    560            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    561            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    562            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    563                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    564            ),
    565            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    566            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    567            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    568            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    569            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    570            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"),
    571            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    572            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    573            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    574            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    575        }
    576
    577        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    578            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    579            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    580        }
    581
    582        STAR_MAPPING = {
    583            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    584            "replace": "RENAME",
    585        }
    586
    587        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    588            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    589            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    590            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    591        }
    592
    593        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    594            value = expression.this
    595
    596            if value.type is None:
    597                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    598
    599                value = annotate_types(value)
    600
    601            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    602                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    603
    604            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    605            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    606
    607        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    608            if not expression.expression:
    609                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    610
    611            return super().log_sql(expression)
    612
    613        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    614            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    615            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    616
    617            columns = [
    618                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    619                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    620                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    621                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    622                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    623                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    624                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    625            ]
    626
    627            if unnest_alias:
    628                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    629            else:
    630                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    631
    632            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    633            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    634            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    635            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    636
    637        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    638            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    639            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    640
    641            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    642            if scope_kind:
    643                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    644
    645            return f"SHOW {expression.name}{scope_kind}{scope}"
    646
    647        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    648            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    649            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    650            group = expression.args.get("group")
    651            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    652            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    653            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    654
    655            return self.func(
    656                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    657                expression.this,
    658                expression.expression,
    659                position,
    660                occurrence,
    661                parameters,
    662                group,
    663            )
    664
    665        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    666            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    667                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    668            return super().except_op(expression)
    669
    670        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    671            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    672                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    673            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    674
    675        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    676            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    677            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    678            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    679            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    680            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    681            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    682            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    683
    684        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    685            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    686        ) -> str:
    687            start = expression.args.get("start")
    688            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    689            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    690            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    691            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    692
    693        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    694            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    695            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    696
    697        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    698            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>
NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'
TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}
def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    245    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    246        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    247        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    248        if (
    249            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    250            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    251            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    252        ):
    253            return t.cast(E, expression)
    254
    255        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
  LOG_BASE_FIRST
  TYPED_DIVISION
  SAFE_DIVISION
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  FORMAT_MAPPING
  ESCAPE_SEQUENCES
  PSEUDOCOLUMNS
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  normalize_identifier
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    257    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    258        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    259
    260        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    261
    262        FUNCTIONS = {
    263            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    264            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    265            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    266            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    267                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    268            ),
    269            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    270                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    271                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    272                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    273                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    274            ),
    275            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    276            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    277            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    278            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
    279            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
    280            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    281            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    282                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    283            ),
    284            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    285            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    286            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    287            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    288            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
    289            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    290            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
    291            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
    292            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
    293            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    294            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    295            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    296            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
    297            "TO_ARRAY": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    298            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
    299            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    300            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    301        }
    302
    303        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    304            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    305            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    306        }
    307        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    308
    309        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    310            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,
    311            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression(
    312                exp.Bracket, this=this, expressions=[path]
    313            ),
    314        }
    315
    316        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    317
    318        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    319            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    320            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    321            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    322        }
    323
    324        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    325            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    326            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
    327            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    328                exp.Set,
    329                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    330                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    331                unset=True,
    332            ),
    333            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
    334        }
    335
    336        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    337            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    338            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    339        }
    340
    341        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    342            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    343            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
    344        }
    345
    346        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    347            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    348            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    349        }
    350
    351        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    352            TokenType.DOT,
    353            TokenType.MOD,
    354            TokenType.SLASH,
    355        }
    356        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    357
    358        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    359            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    360            if not lateral:
    361                return lateral
    362
    363            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    364                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    365                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    366                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    367                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    368                elif not table_alias:
    369                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    370
    371            return lateral
    372
    373        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    374            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    375            table: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    376            if self._match_text_seq("@"):
    377                table_name = "@"
    378                while self._curr:
    379                    self._advance()
    380                    table_name += self._prev.text
    381                    if not self._match_set(self.STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS, advance=False):
    382                        break
    383                    while self._match_set(self.STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS):
    384                        table_name += self._prev.text
    385
    386                table = exp.var(table_name)
    387            elif self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    388                table = self._parse_string()
    389
    390            if table:
    391                file_format = None
    392                pattern = None
    393
    394                if self._match_text_seq("(", "FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    395                    file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts()
    396                    if self._match_text_seq(",", "PATTERN", "=>"):
    397                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    398                    self._match_r_paren()
    399
    400                return self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    401
    402            return super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    403
    404        def _parse_id_var(
    405            self,
    406            any_token: bool = True,
    407            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    408        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    409            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    410                identifier = (
    411                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    412                    or self._parse_string()
    413                )
    414                self._match_r_paren()
    415                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    416
    417            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    418
    419        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    420            scope = None
    421            scope_kind = None
    422
    423            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    424                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    425                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    426                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    427                    scope_kind = self._prev.text
    428                    if self._curr:
    429                        scope = self._parse_table()
    430                elif self._curr:
    431                    scope_kind = "TABLE"
    432                    scope = self._parse_table()
    433
    434            return self.expression(exp.Show, this=this, scope=scope, scope_kind=scope_kind)
    435
    436        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
    437            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
    438            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
    439
    440        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    441            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    442
    443            parts = [self._parse_var(any_token=True)]
    444
    445            while self._match(TokenType.SLASH):
    446                if self._curr and self._prev.end + 1 == self._curr.start:
    447                    parts.append(self._parse_var(any_token=True))
    448                else:
    449                    parts.append(exp.Var(this=""))
    450            return self.expression(
    451                exp.LocationProperty, this=exp.var("/".join(str(p) for p in parts))
    452            )

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'CONCAT': <function parse_concat>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function parse_concat_ws>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function parse_logarithm>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _parse_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'ARRAYAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function _parse_convert_timezone>, 'DATEADD': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DIV0': <function _div0_to_if>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _nullifzero_to_if>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _parse_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_to_timestamp>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _zeroifnull_to_if>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function _parse_date_part>}
COLUMN_OPERATORS = {<TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>: None, <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'TERSE': {'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ID_VAR_TOKENS
  INTERVAL_VARS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  MODIFIABLES
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  CLONE_KINDS
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    454    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    455        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    456        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    457        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    458        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    459
    460        KEYWORDS = {
    461            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    462            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    463            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    464            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    465            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    466            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    467            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    468            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    469            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    470            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    471            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    472            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    473            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    474            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    475            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    476            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    477            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    478            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    479        }
    480
    481        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    482            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    483            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    484        }
    485
    486        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    487
    488        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, "'": <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '`': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '"': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  QUOTES
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  ENCODE
  dialect
  reset
  tokenize
  peek
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    490    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    491        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    492        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    493        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    494        JOIN_HINTS = False
    495        TABLE_HINTS = False
    496        QUERY_HINTS = False
    497        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
    498        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
    499        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    500        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    501
    502        TRANSFORMS = {
    503            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    504            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    505            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    506            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    507            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    508            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    509            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    510            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    511                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    512            ),
    513            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    514            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    515            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    516            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    517            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    518            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    519            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    520            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    521            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    522            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    523            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    524                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    525            ),
    526            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
    527            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    528            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    529            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    530            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    531            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    532            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    533            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    534            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    535                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    536            ),
    537            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    538                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    539            ),
    540            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    541            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    542                [
    543                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    544                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    545                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    546                ]
    547            ),
    548            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    549            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    550            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    551            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    552                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    553            ),
    554            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    555            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
    556                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
    557                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
    558            ),
    559            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    560            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    561            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    562            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    563                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    564            ),
    565            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    566            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    567            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    568            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    569            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    570            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"),
    571            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    572            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    573            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    574            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    575        }
    576
    577        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    578            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    579            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    580        }
    581
    582        STAR_MAPPING = {
    583            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    584            "replace": "RENAME",
    585        }
    586
    587        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    588            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    589            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    590            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    591        }
    592
    593        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    594            value = expression.this
    595
    596            if value.type is None:
    597                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    598
    599                value = annotate_types(value)
    600
    601            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    602                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    603
    604            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    605            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    606
    607        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    608            if not expression.expression:
    609                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    610
    611            return super().log_sql(expression)
    612
    613        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    614            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    615            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    616
    617            columns = [
    618                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    619                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    620                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    621                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    622                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    623                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    624                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    625            ]
    626
    627            if unnest_alias:
    628                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    629            else:
    630                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    631
    632            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    633            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    634            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    635            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    636
    637        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    638            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    639            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    640
    641            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    642            if scope_kind:
    643                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    644
    645            return f"SHOW {expression.name}{scope_kind}{scope}"
    646
    647        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    648            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    649            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    650            group = expression.args.get("group")
    651            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    652            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    653            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    654
    655            return self.func(
    656                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    657                expression.this,
    658                expression.expression,
    659                position,
    660                occurrence,
    661                parameters,
    662                group,
    663            )
    664
    665        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    666            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    667                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    668            return super().except_op(expression)
    669
    670        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    671            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    672                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    673            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    674
    675        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    676            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    677            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    678            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    679            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    680            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    681            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    682            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    683
    684        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    685            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    686        ) -> str:
    687            start = expression.args.get("start")
    688            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    689            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    690            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    691            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    692
    693        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    694            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    695            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
    696
    697        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    698            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function _datatype_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'}
STAR_MAPPING = {'except': 'EXCLUDE', 'replace': 'RENAME'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    593        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    594            value = expression.this
    595
    596            if value.type is None:
    597                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    598
    599                value = annotate_types(value)
    600
    601            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    602                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    603
    604            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    605            return self.cast_sql(expression)

def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str: View Source

    607        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    608            if not expression.expression:
    609                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    610
    611            return super().log_sql(expression)

def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    613        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    614            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    615            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    616
    617            columns = [
    618                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    619                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    620                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    621                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    622                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    623                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    624                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    625            ]
    626
    627            if unnest_alias:
    628                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    629            else:
    630                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    631
    632            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
    633            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    634            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    635            return f"{explode}{alias}"

def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str: View Source

    637        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    638            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    639            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    640
    641            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    642            if scope_kind:
    643                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    644
    645            return f"SHOW {expression.name}{scope_kind}{scope}"

def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract) -> str: View Source

    647        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
    648            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
    649            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
    650            group = expression.args.get("group")
    651            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
    652            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
    653            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
    654
    655            return self.func(
    656                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
    657                expression.this,
    658                expression.expression,
    659                position,
    660                occurrence,
    661                parameters,
    662                group,
    663            )

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    665        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    666            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    667                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    668            return super().except_op(expression)

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    670        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    671            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    672                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    673            return super().intersect_op(expression)

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    675        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    676            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    677            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    678            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    679            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    680            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    681            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    682            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    684        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    685            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    686        ) -> str:
    687            start = expression.args.get("start")
    688            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    689            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    690            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    691            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

def swaptable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable) -> str: View Source

    693        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
    694            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    695            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    697        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    698            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  EXPLICIT_UNION
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITONS
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  clone_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_having_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  union_sql
  union_op
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  concat_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  aliases_sql
  attimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  altertable_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  or_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  set_operation
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  operator_sql