sqlglot.dialects.bigquery API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import logging
      4import re
      5import typing as t
      6
      7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      8from sqlglot._typing import E
      9from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
     10    Dialect,
     11    binary_from_function,
     12    date_add_interval_sql,
     13    datestrtodate_sql,
     14    format_time_lambda,
     15    if_sql,
     16    inline_array_sql,
     17    json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
     18    max_or_greatest,
     19    min_or_least,
     20    no_ilike_sql,
     21    parse_date_delta_with_interval,
     22    regexp_replace_sql,
     23    rename_func,
     24    timestrtotime_sql,
     25    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
     26)
     27from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
     28from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     29
     30logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
     31
     32
     33def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
     34    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
     35        return self.values_sql(expression)
     36
     37    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     38
     39    structs = [
     40        exp.Struct(
     41            expressions=[
     42                exp.alias_(value, column_name)
     43                for value, column_name in zip(
     44                    t.expressions,
     45                    alias.columns
     46                    if alias and alias.columns
     47                    else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(t.expressions))),
     48                )
     49            ]
     50        )
     51        for t in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple)
     52    ]
     53
     54    return self.unnest_sql(exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.Array(expressions=structs)]))
     55
     56
     57def _returnsproperty_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
     58    this = expression.this
     59    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
     60        this = f"{this.this} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
     61    else:
     62        this = self.sql(this)
     63    return f"RETURNS {this}"
     64
     65
     66def _create_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
     67    kind = expression.args["kind"]
     68    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
     69
     70    if kind.upper() == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
     71        expression = expression.copy()
     72        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
     73
     74        if isinstance(expression.expression, (exp.Subquery, exp.Literal)):
     75            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
     76
     77        return self.create_sql(expression)
     78
     79    return self.create_sql(expression)
     80
     81
     82def _unqualify_unnest(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     83    """Remove references to unnest table aliases since bigquery doesn't allow them.
     84
     85    These are added by the optimizer's qualify_column step.
     86    """
     87    from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import find_all_in_scope
     88
     89    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
     90        unnest_aliases = {
     91            unnest.alias
     92            for unnest in find_all_in_scope(expression, exp.Unnest)
     93            if isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join))
     94        }
     95        if unnest_aliases:
     96            for column in expression.find_all(exp.Column):
     97                if column.table in unnest_aliases:
     98                    column.set("table", None)
     99                elif column.db in unnest_aliases:
    100                    column.set("db", None)
    101
    102    return expression
    103
    104
    105# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
    106# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
    107# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
    108# SELECT y + 1 z
    109# FROM x
    110# GROUP BY x + 1
    111# ORDER by z
    112def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    113    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
    114        group = expression.args.get("group")
    115        order = expression.args.get("order")
    116
    117        if group and order:
    118            aliases = {
    119                select.this: select.args["alias"]
    120                for select in expression.selects
    121                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
    122            }
    123
    124            for e in group.expressions:
    125                alias = aliases.get(e)
    126
    127                if alias:
    128                    e.replace(exp.column(alias))
    129
    130    return expression
    131
    132
    133def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    134    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
    135    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
    136        cte_query = expression.this
    137
    138        if cte_query.is_star:
    139            logger.warning(
    140                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
    141                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
    142            )
    143            return expression
    144
    145        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
    146        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
    147
    148        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
    149            to_replace = select
    150
    151            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
    152                select = select.this
    153
    154            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
    155            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
    156
    157    return expression
    158
    159
    160def _parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
    161    this = format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
    162    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
    163    return this
    164
    165
    166def _parse_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
    167    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
    168    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
    169
    170
    171def _parse_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
    172    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
    173    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
    174    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.Hex(this=arg)
    175
    176
    177class BigQuery(Dialect):
    178    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    179    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    180    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    181
    182    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    183    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    184
    185    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    186    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    187
    188    TIME_MAPPING = {
    189        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    190    }
    191
    192    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    193        "DD": "%d",
    194        "MM": "%m",
    195        "MON": "%b",
    196        "MONTH": "%B",
    197        "YYYY": "%Y",
    198        "YY": "%y",
    199        "HH": "%I",
    200        "HH12": "%I",
    201        "HH24": "%H",
    202        "MI": "%M",
    203        "SS": "%S",
    204        "SSSSS": "%f",
    205        "TZH": "%z",
    206    }
    207
    208    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    209    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    210    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    211
    212    @classmethod
    213    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    214        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    215        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    216        # not they're qualified.
    217        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    218            parent = expression.parent
    219
    220            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    221                parent = parent.parent
    222
    223            if (
    224                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    225                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    226                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    227            ):
    228                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    229
    230        return expression
    231
    232    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    233        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    234        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    235        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    236        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    237
    238        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    239
    240        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    241            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    242        ]
    243
    244        RAW_STRINGS = [
    245            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    246        ]
    247
    248        KEYWORDS = {
    249            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    250            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    251            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    252            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    253            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    254            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    255            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    256            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    257            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    258            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    259            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    260            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    261            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    262        }
    263        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    264
    265    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    266        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    267
    268        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    269        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    270
    271        FUNCTIONS = {
    272            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    273            "DATE": _parse_date,
    274            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    275            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    276            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    277                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    278                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    279            ),
    280            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    281            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    282            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    283            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    284            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    285            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    286            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    287                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    288            ),
    289            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    290            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    291            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    292                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    293                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    294                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    295                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    296                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
    297            ),
    298            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    299            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    300            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    301                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    302                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    303                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    304            ),
    305            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    306            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    307            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    308            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    309            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    310        }
    311
    312        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    313            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    314            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    315        }
    316        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    317
    318        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    319            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    320            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    321        }
    322
    323        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    324            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    325            TokenType.TABLE,
    326        }
    327
    328        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    329            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    330            TokenType.VALUES,
    331        }
    332
    333        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    334            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    335            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    336                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    337            ),
    338            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    339        }
    340
    341        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    342            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    343            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    344        }
    345
    346        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    347        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS, None)
    348
    349        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    350
    351        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    352            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    353
    354            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    355            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    356                table_name = this.name
    357                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    358                    self._advance(2)
    359                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    360
    361                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    362            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    363                table_name = this.name
    364
    365                if (
    366                    self._curr
    367                    and self._prev.end == self._curr.start - 1
    368                    and self._parse_var(any_token=True)
    369                ):
    370                    table_name += self._prev.text
    371
    372                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    373
    374            return this
    375
    376        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    377            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    378            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    379                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    380                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    381                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    382                )
    383
    384                if rest and this:
    385                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    386
    387                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    388
    389            return table
    390
    391        def _parse_json_object(self) -> exp.JSONObject:
    392            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    393            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    394
    395            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    396            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    397            if (
    398                array_kv_pair
    399                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    400                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    401            ):
    402                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    403                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    404
    405                json_object.set(
    406                    "expressions",
    407                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    408                )
    409
    410            return json_object
    411
    412    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    413        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    414        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    415        JOIN_HINTS = False
    416        QUERY_HINTS = False
    417        TABLE_HINTS = False
    418        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    419        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    420        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    421        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    422
    423        TRANSFORMS = {
    424            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    425            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    426            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    427            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    428            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    429            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    430            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    431            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    432            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    433            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    434            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    435            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    436            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    437            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    438            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    439            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    440            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    441            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    442            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    443            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    444            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    445            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
    446            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    447            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    448            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    449            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    450            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    451            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    452                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    453                e.this,
    454                e.expression,
    455                e.args.get("position"),
    456                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    457            ),
    458            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    459            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    460            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    461            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    462                [
    463                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    464                    _unqualify_unnest,
    465                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    466                    _alias_ordered_group,
    467                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    468                ]
    469            ),
    470            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    471                f"SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    472            ),
    473            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    474            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    475            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    476            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    477            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    478                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    479            ),
    480            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    481            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    482            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    483            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    484            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    485            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    486            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    487            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    488            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    489            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    490            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    491        }
    492
    493        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    494            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    495            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    496            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    497            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    498            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    499            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    500            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    501            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    502            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    503            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    504            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    505            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    506            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    507            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    508            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    509            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    510            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    511            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    512            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    513            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    514            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    515        }
    516
    517        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    518            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    519            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    520            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    521        }
    522
    523        UNESCAPED_SEQUENCE_TABLE = str.maketrans(  # type: ignore
    524            {
    525                "\a": "\\a",
    526                "\b": "\\b",
    527                "\f": "\\f",
    528                "\n": "\\n",
    529                "\r": "\\r",
    530                "\t": "\\t",
    531                "\v": "\\v",
    532            }
    533        )
    534
    535        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    536        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    537            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    538            "all",
    539            "and",
    540            "any",
    541            "array",
    542            "as",
    543            "asc",
    544            "assert_rows_modified",
    545            "at",
    546            "between",
    547            "by",
    548            "case",
    549            "cast",
    550            "collate",
    551            "contains",
    552            "create",
    553            "cross",
    554            "cube",
    555            "current",
    556            "default",
    557            "define",
    558            "desc",
    559            "distinct",
    560            "else",
    561            "end",
    562            "enum",
    563            "escape",
    564            "except",
    565            "exclude",
    566            "exists",
    567            "extract",
    568            "false",
    569            "fetch",
    570            "following",
    571            "for",
    572            "from",
    573            "full",
    574            "group",
    575            "grouping",
    576            "groups",
    577            "hash",
    578            "having",
    579            "if",
    580            "ignore",
    581            "in",
    582            "inner",
    583            "intersect",
    584            "interval",
    585            "into",
    586            "is",
    587            "join",
    588            "lateral",
    589            "left",
    590            "like",
    591            "limit",
    592            "lookup",
    593            "merge",
    594            "natural",
    595            "new",
    596            "no",
    597            "not",
    598            "null",
    599            "nulls",
    600            "of",
    601            "on",
    602            "or",
    603            "order",
    604            "outer",
    605            "over",
    606            "partition",
    607            "preceding",
    608            "proto",
    609            "qualify",
    610            "range",
    611            "recursive",
    612            "respect",
    613            "right",
    614            "rollup",
    615            "rows",
    616            "select",
    617            "set",
    618            "some",
    619            "struct",
    620            "tablesample",
    621            "then",
    622            "to",
    623            "treat",
    624            "true",
    625            "unbounded",
    626            "union",
    627            "unnest",
    628            "using",
    629            "when",
    630            "where",
    631            "window",
    632            "with",
    633            "within",
    634        }
    635
    636        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    637            parent = expression.parent
    638
    639            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    640            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    641            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    642                return self.func(
    643                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    644                )
    645
    646            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    647
    648        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    649            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    650
    651        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    652            if expression.alias_column_names:
    653                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    654            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    655
    656        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    657            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    658            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    659                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    660
    661            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    662
    663        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    664            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    665
    666        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    667            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    668
    669        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    670            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    671
    672        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    673            return self.sql(expression)
    674
    675        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    676            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    677                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    678            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    679
    680        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    681            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    682                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    683            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    684
    685        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    686            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    687
    688        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    689            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    690                expression = expression.copy()
    691                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    692            return super().version_sql(expression)

logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    178class BigQuery(Dialect):
    179    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    180    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    181    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    182
    183    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    184    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    185
    186    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    187    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    188
    189    TIME_MAPPING = {
    190        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    191    }
    192
    193    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    194        "DD": "%d",
    195        "MM": "%m",
    196        "MON": "%b",
    197        "MONTH": "%B",
    198        "YYYY": "%Y",
    199        "YY": "%y",
    200        "HH": "%I",
    201        "HH12": "%I",
    202        "HH24": "%H",
    203        "MI": "%M",
    204        "SS": "%S",
    205        "SSSSS": "%f",
    206        "TZH": "%z",
    207    }
    208
    209    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    210    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    211    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    212
    213    @classmethod
    214    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    215        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    216        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    217        # not they're qualified.
    218        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    219            parent = expression.parent
    220
    221            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    222                parent = parent.parent
    223
    224            if (
    225                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    226                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    227                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    228            ):
    229                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    230
    231        return expression
    232
    233    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    234        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    235        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    236        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    237        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    238
    239        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    240
    241        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    242            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    243        ]
    244
    245        RAW_STRINGS = [
    246            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    247        ]
    248
    249        KEYWORDS = {
    250            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    251            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    252            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    253            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    254            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    255            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    256            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    257            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    258            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    259            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    260            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    261            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    262            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    263        }
    264        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    265
    266    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    267        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    268
    269        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    270        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    271
    272        FUNCTIONS = {
    273            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    274            "DATE": _parse_date,
    275            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    276            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    277            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    278                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    279                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    280            ),
    281            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    282            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    283            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    284            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    285            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    286            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    287            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    288                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    289            ),
    290            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    291            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    292            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    293                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    294                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    295                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    296                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    297                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
    298            ),
    299            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    300            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    301            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    302                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    303                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    304                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    305            ),
    306            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    307            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    308            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    309            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    310            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    311        }
    312
    313        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    314            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    315            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    316        }
    317        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    318
    319        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    320            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    321            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    322        }
    323
    324        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    325            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    326            TokenType.TABLE,
    327        }
    328
    329        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    330            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    331            TokenType.VALUES,
    332        }
    333
    334        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    335            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    336            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    337                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    338            ),
    339            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    340        }
    341
    342        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    343            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    344            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    345        }
    346
    347        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    348        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS, None)
    349
    350        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    351
    352        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    353            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    354
    355            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    356            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    357                table_name = this.name
    358                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    359                    self._advance(2)
    360                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    361
    362                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    363            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    364                table_name = this.name
    365
    366                if (
    367                    self._curr
    368                    and self._prev.end == self._curr.start - 1
    369                    and self._parse_var(any_token=True)
    370                ):
    371                    table_name += self._prev.text
    372
    373                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    374
    375            return this
    376
    377        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    378            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    379            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    380                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    381                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    382                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    383                )
    384
    385                if rest and this:
    386                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    387
    388                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    389
    390            return table
    391
    392        def _parse_json_object(self) -> exp.JSONObject:
    393            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    394            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    395
    396            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    397            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    398            if (
    399                array_kv_pair
    400                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    401                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    402            ):
    403                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    404                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    405
    406                json_object.set(
    407                    "expressions",
    408                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    409                )
    410
    411            return json_object
    412
    413    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    414        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    415        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    416        JOIN_HINTS = False
    417        QUERY_HINTS = False
    418        TABLE_HINTS = False
    419        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    420        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    421        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    422        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    423
    424        TRANSFORMS = {
    425            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    426            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    427            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    428            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    429            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    430            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    431            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    432            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    433            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    434            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    435            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    436            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    437            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    438            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    439            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    440            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    441            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    442            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    443            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    444            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    445            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    446            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
    447            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    448            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    449            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    450            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    451            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    452            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    453                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    454                e.this,
    455                e.expression,
    456                e.args.get("position"),
    457                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    458            ),
    459            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    460            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    461            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    462            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    463                [
    464                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    465                    _unqualify_unnest,
    466                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    467                    _alias_ordered_group,
    468                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    469                ]
    470            ),
    471            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    472                f"SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    473            ),
    474            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    475            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    476            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    477            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    478            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    479                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    480            ),
    481            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    482            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    483            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    484            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    485            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    486            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    487            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    488            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    489            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    490            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    491            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    492        }
    493
    494        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    495            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    496            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    497            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    498            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    499            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    500            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    501            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    502            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    503            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    504            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    505            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    506            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    507            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    508            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    509            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    510            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    511            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    512            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    513            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    514            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    515            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    516        }
    517
    518        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    519            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    520            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    521            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    522        }
    523
    524        UNESCAPED_SEQUENCE_TABLE = str.maketrans(  # type: ignore
    525            {
    526                "\a": "\\a",
    527                "\b": "\\b",
    528                "\f": "\\f",
    529                "\n": "\\n",
    530                "\r": "\\r",
    531                "\t": "\\t",
    532                "\v": "\\v",
    533            }
    534        )
    535
    536        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    537        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    538            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    539            "all",
    540            "and",
    541            "any",
    542            "array",
    543            "as",
    544            "asc",
    545            "assert_rows_modified",
    546            "at",
    547            "between",
    548            "by",
    549            "case",
    550            "cast",
    551            "collate",
    552            "contains",
    553            "create",
    554            "cross",
    555            "cube",
    556            "current",
    557            "default",
    558            "define",
    559            "desc",
    560            "distinct",
    561            "else",
    562            "end",
    563            "enum",
    564            "escape",
    565            "except",
    566            "exclude",
    567            "exists",
    568            "extract",
    569            "false",
    570            "fetch",
    571            "following",
    572            "for",
    573            "from",
    574            "full",
    575            "group",
    576            "grouping",
    577            "groups",
    578            "hash",
    579            "having",
    580            "if",
    581            "ignore",
    582            "in",
    583            "inner",
    584            "intersect",
    585            "interval",
    586            "into",
    587            "is",
    588            "join",
    589            "lateral",
    590            "left",
    591            "like",
    592            "limit",
    593            "lookup",
    594            "merge",
    595            "natural",
    596            "new",
    597            "no",
    598            "not",
    599            "null",
    600            "nulls",
    601            "of",
    602            "on",
    603            "or",
    604            "order",
    605            "outer",
    606            "over",
    607            "partition",
    608            "preceding",
    609            "proto",
    610            "qualify",
    611            "range",
    612            "recursive",
    613            "respect",
    614            "right",
    615            "rollup",
    616            "rows",
    617            "select",
    618            "set",
    619            "some",
    620            "struct",
    621            "tablesample",
    622            "then",
    623            "to",
    624            "treat",
    625            "true",
    626            "unbounded",
    627            "union",
    628            "unnest",
    629            "using",
    630            "when",
    631            "where",
    632            "window",
    633            "with",
    634            "within",
    635        }
    636
    637        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    638            parent = expression.parent
    639
    640            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    641            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    642            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    643                return self.func(
    644                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    645                )
    646
    647            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    648
    649        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    650            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    651
    652        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    653            if expression.alias_column_names:
    654                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    655            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    656
    657        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    658            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    659            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    660                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    661
    662            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    663
    664        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    665            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    666
    667        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    668            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    669
    670        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    671            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    672
    673        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    674            return self.sql(expression)
    675
    676        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    677            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    678                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    679            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    680
    681        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    682            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    683                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    684            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    685
    686        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    687            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    688
    689        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    690            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    691                expression = expression.copy()
    692                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    693            return super().version_sql(expression)

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = None
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
PSEUDOCOLUMNS: Set[str] = {'_PARTITIONDATE', '_PARTITIONTIME'}
@classmethod
def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    213    @classmethod
    214    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    215        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    216        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    217        # not they're qualified.
    218        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    219            parent = expression.parent
    220
    221            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    222                parent = parent.parent
    223
    224            if (
    225                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    226                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    227                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    228            ):
    229                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    230
    231        return expression

Normalizes an unquoted identifier to either lower or upper case, thus essentially making it case-insensitive. If a dialect treats all identifiers as case-insensitive, they will be normalized regardless of being quoted or not.

tokenizer_class = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START = None
BIT_END = None
HEX_START = '0x'
HEX_END = ''
BYTE_START = "b'"
BYTE_END = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  TIME_FORMAT
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    233    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    234        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    235        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    236        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    237        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    238
    239        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    240
    241        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    242            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    243        ]
    244
    245        RAW_STRINGS = [
    246            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    247        ]
    248
    249        KEYWORDS = {
    250            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    251            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    252            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    253            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    254            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    255            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    256            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    257            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    258            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    259            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    260            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    261            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    262            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    263        }
    264        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")

QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  ENCODE
  reset
  tokenize
  peek
  size
  sql
  tokens

class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    266    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    267        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    268
    269        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    270        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    271
    272        FUNCTIONS = {
    273            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    274            "DATE": _parse_date,
    275            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    276            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    277            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    278                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    279                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    280            ),
    281            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    282            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    283            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    284            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    285            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    286            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    287            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    288                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    289            ),
    290            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    291            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    292            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    293                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    294                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    295                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    296                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    297                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
    298            ),
    299            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    300            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    301            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    302                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    303                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    304                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    305            ),
    306            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    307            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    308            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    309            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    310            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    311        }
    312
    313        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    314            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    315            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    316        }
    317        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    318
    319        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    320            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    321            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    322        }
    323
    324        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    325            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    326            TokenType.TABLE,
    327        }
    328
    329        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    330            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    331            TokenType.VALUES,
    332        }
    333
    334        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    335            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    336            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    337                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    338            ),
    339            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    340        }
    341
    342        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    343            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    344            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    345        }
    346
    347        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    348        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS, None)
    349
    350        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    351
    352        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    353            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    354
    355            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    356            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    357                table_name = this.name
    358                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    359                    self._advance(2)
    360                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    361
    362                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    363            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    364                table_name = this.name
    365
    366                if (
    367                    self._curr
    368                    and self._prev.end == self._curr.start - 1
    369                    and self._parse_var(any_token=True)
    370                ):
    371                    table_name += self._prev.text
    372
    373                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    374
    375            return this
    376
    377        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    378            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    379            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    380                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    381                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    382                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    383                )
    384
    385                if rest and this:
    386                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    387
    388                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    389
    390            return table
    391
    392        def _parse_json_object(self) -> exp.JSONObject:
    393            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    394            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    395
    396            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    397            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    398            if (
    399                array_kv_pair
    400                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    401                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    402            ):
    403                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    404                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    405
    406                json_object.set(
    407                    "expressions",
    408                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    409                )
    410
    411            return json_object

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _parse_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'DIV': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _parse_to_hex>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SHA256': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
NULL_TOKENS = {<TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>}
TOKENIZER_CLASS: Type[sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer] = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY: bool = True
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  MODIFIABLES
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KINDS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    413    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    414        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    415        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    416        JOIN_HINTS = False
    417        QUERY_HINTS = False
    418        TABLE_HINTS = False
    419        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    420        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    421        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    422        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    423
    424        TRANSFORMS = {
    425            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    426            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    427            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    428            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    429            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    430            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    431            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    432            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    433            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    434            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    435            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    436            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    437            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    438            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    439            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    440            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    441            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    442            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    443            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    444            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    445            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    446            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
    447            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    448            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    449            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    450            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    451            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    452            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    453                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    454                e.this,
    455                e.expression,
    456                e.args.get("position"),
    457                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    458            ),
    459            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    460            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    461            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    462            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    463                [
    464                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    465                    _unqualify_unnest,
    466                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    467                    _alias_ordered_group,
    468                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    469                ]
    470            ),
    471            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    472                f"SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    473            ),
    474            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    475            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    476            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    477            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    478            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    479                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    480            ),
    481            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    482            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    483            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    484            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    485            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    486            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    487            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    488            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    489            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    490            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    491            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    492        }
    493
    494        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    495            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    496            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    497            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    498            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    499            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    500            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    501            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    502            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    503            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    504            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    505            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    506            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    507            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    508            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    509            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    510            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    511            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    512            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    513            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    514            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    515            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    516        }
    517
    518        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    519            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    520            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    521            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    522        }
    523
    524        UNESCAPED_SEQUENCE_TABLE = str.maketrans(  # type: ignore
    525            {
    526                "\a": "\\a",
    527                "\b": "\\b",
    528                "\f": "\\f",
    529                "\n": "\\n",
    530                "\r": "\\r",
    531                "\t": "\\t",
    532                "\v": "\\v",
    533            }
    534        )
    535
    536        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    537        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    538            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    539            "all",
    540            "and",
    541            "any",
    542            "array",
    543            "as",
    544            "asc",
    545            "assert_rows_modified",
    546            "at",
    547            "between",
    548            "by",
    549            "case",
    550            "cast",
    551            "collate",
    552            "contains",
    553            "create",
    554            "cross",
    555            "cube",
    556            "current",
    557            "default",
    558            "define",
    559            "desc",
    560            "distinct",
    561            "else",
    562            "end",
    563            "enum",
    564            "escape",
    565            "except",
    566            "exclude",
    567            "exists",
    568            "extract",
    569            "false",
    570            "fetch",
    571            "following",
    572            "for",
    573            "from",
    574            "full",
    575            "group",
    576            "grouping",
    577            "groups",
    578            "hash",
    579            "having",
    580            "if",
    581            "ignore",
    582            "in",
    583            "inner",
    584            "intersect",
    585            "interval",
    586            "into",
    587            "is",
    588            "join",
    589            "lateral",
    590            "left",
    591            "like",
    592            "limit",
    593            "lookup",
    594            "merge",
    595            "natural",
    596            "new",
    597            "no",
    598            "not",
    599            "null",
    600            "nulls",
    601            "of",
    602            "on",
    603            "or",
    604            "order",
    605            "outer",
    606            "over",
    607            "partition",
    608            "preceding",
    609            "proto",
    610            "qualify",
    611            "range",
    612            "recursive",
    613            "respect",
    614            "right",
    615            "rollup",
    616            "rows",
    617            "select",
    618            "set",
    619            "some",
    620            "struct",
    621            "tablesample",
    622            "then",
    623            "to",
    624            "treat",
    625            "true",
    626            "unbounded",
    627            "union",
    628            "unnest",
    629            "using",
    630            "when",
    631            "where",
    632            "window",
    633            "with",
    634            "within",
    635        }
    636
    637        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    638            parent = expression.parent
    639
    640            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    641            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    642            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    643                return self.func(
    644                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    645                )
    646
    647            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    648
    649        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    650            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    651
    652        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    653            if expression.alias_column_names:
    654                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    655            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    656
    657        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    658            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    659            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    660                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    661
    662            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    663
    664        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    665            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    666
    667        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    668            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    669
    670        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    671            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    672
    673        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    674            return self.sql(expression)
    675
    676        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    677            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    678                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    679            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    680
    681        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    682            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    683                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    684            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    685
    686        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    687            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    688
    689        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    690            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    691                expression = expression.copy()
    692                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    693            return super().version_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

EXPLICIT_UNION = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONKeyValue'>: <function json_keyvalue_comma_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}
UNESCAPED_SEQUENCE_TABLE = {7: '\\a', 8: '\\b', 12: '\\f', 10: '\\n', 13: '\\r', 9: '\\t', 11: '\\v'}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'having', 'when', 'range', 'grouping', 'treat', 'limit', 'of', 'window', 'ignore', 'is', 'new', 'right', 'select', 'escape', 'true', 'recursive', 'false', 'exists', 'define', 'from', 'if', 'end', 'partition', 'intersect', 'unnest', 'set', 'respect', 'for', 'join', 'lookup', 'over', 'cast', 'natural', 'or', 'inner', 'collate', 'at', 'and', 'fetch', 'current', 'by', 'lateral', 'between', 'desc', 'exclude', 'proto', 'assert_rows_modified', 'all', 'extract', 'contains', 'with', 'hash', 'except', 'within', 'null', 'on', 'following', 'order', 'using', 'as', 'into', 'some', 'asc', 'merge', 'group', 'tablesample', 'create', 'where', 'full', 'then', 'no', 'rows', 'enum', 'default', 'qualify', 'else', 'preceding', 'left', 'array', 'like', 'union', 'outer', 'cube', 'unbounded', 'in', 'groups', 'cross', 'nulls', 'interval', 'any', 'case', 'to', 'not', 'struct', 'distinct', 'rollup'}
def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str: View Source

    637        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    638            parent = expression.parent
    639
    640            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    641            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    642            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    643                return self.func(
    644                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    645                )
    646
    647            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    649        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    650            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")

def cte_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CTE) -> str: View Source

    652        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    653            if expression.alias_column_names:
    654                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    655            return super().cte_sql(expression)

def array_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Array) -> str: View Source

    657        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    658            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    659            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    660                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    661
    662            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)

def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    664        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    665            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"

def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    667        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    668            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"

def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    670        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    671            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"

def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    673        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    674            return self.sql(expression)

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    676        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    677            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    678                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    679            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    681        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    682            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    683                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    684            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    686        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    687            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version) -> str: View Source

    689        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    690            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    691                expression = expression.copy()
    692                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    693            return super().version_sql(expression)

INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
@classmethod
def can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool: View Source

    269    @classmethod
    270    def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
    271        """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
    272
    273        Args:
    274            text: The text to check.
    275            identify:
    276                "always" or `True`: Always returns true.
    277                "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
    278
    279        Returns:
    280            Whether or not the given text can be identified.
    281        """
    282        if identify is True or identify == "always":
    283            return True
    284
    285        if identify == "safe":
    286            return not cls.case_sensitive(text)
    287
    288        return False

Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.

###### Arguments:

- text: The text to check.
- identify: "always" or `True`: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.

###### Returns:

> Whether or not the given text can be identified.

QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
TOKENIZER_CLASS = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  SELECT_KINDS
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  SUPPORTS_PARAMETERS
  STAR_MAPPING
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_having_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
  safebracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  safeconcat_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  aliases_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  altertable_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  safedpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  or_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  set_operation
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql