sqlglot.dialects.bigquery API documentation

Edit on GitHub

# sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

View Source

      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import logging
      4import re
      5import typing as t
      6
      7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      8from sqlglot._typing import E
      9from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
     10    Dialect,
     11    binary_from_function,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    format_time_lambda,
     14    inline_array_sql,
     15    json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
     16    max_or_greatest,
     17    min_or_least,
     18    no_ilike_sql,
     19    parse_date_delta_with_interval,
     20    regexp_replace_sql,
     21    rename_func,
     22    timestrtotime_sql,
     23    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
     24)
     25from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
     26from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     27
     28logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
     29
     30
     31def _date_add_sql(
     32    data_type: str, kind: str
     33) -> t.Callable[[BigQuery.Generator, exp.Expression], str]:
     34    def func(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Expression) -> str:
     35        this = self.sql(expression, "this")
     36        unit = expression.args.get("unit")
     37        unit = exp.var(unit.name.upper() if unit else "DAY")
     38        interval = exp.Interval(this=expression.expression.copy(), unit=unit)
     39        return f"{data_type}_{kind}({this}, {self.sql(interval)})"
     40
     41    return func
     42
     43
     44def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
     45    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
     46        return self.values_sql(expression)
     47
     48    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     49
     50    structs = [
     51        exp.Struct(
     52            expressions=[
     53                exp.alias_(value, column_name)
     54                for value, column_name in zip(
     55                    t.expressions,
     56                    alias.columns
     57                    if alias and alias.columns
     58                    else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(t.expressions))),
     59                )
     60            ]
     61        )
     62        for t in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple)
     63    ]
     64
     65    return self.unnest_sql(exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.Array(expressions=structs)]))
     66
     67
     68def _returnsproperty_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
     69    this = expression.this
     70    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
     71        this = f"{this.this} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
     72    else:
     73        this = self.sql(this)
     74    return f"RETURNS {this}"
     75
     76
     77def _create_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
     78    kind = expression.args["kind"]
     79    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
     80
     81    if kind.upper() == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
     82        expression = expression.copy()
     83        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
     84
     85        if isinstance(expression.expression, (exp.Subquery, exp.Literal)):
     86            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
     87
     88        return self.create_sql(expression)
     89
     90    return self.create_sql(expression)
     91
     92
     93def _unqualify_unnest(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     94    """Remove references to unnest table aliases since bigquery doesn't allow them.
     95
     96    These are added by the optimizer's qualify_column step.
     97    """
     98    from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import find_all_in_scope
     99
    100    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
    101        unnest_aliases = {
    102            unnest.alias
    103            for unnest in find_all_in_scope(expression, exp.Unnest)
    104            if isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join))
    105        }
    106        if unnest_aliases:
    107            for column in expression.find_all(exp.Column):
    108                if column.table in unnest_aliases:
    109                    column.set("table", None)
    110                elif column.db in unnest_aliases:
    111                    column.set("db", None)
    112
    113    return expression
    114
    115
    116# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
    117# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
    118# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
    119# SELECT y + 1 z
    120# FROM x
    121# GROUP BY x + 1
    122# ORDER by z
    123def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    124    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
    125        group = expression.args.get("group")
    126        order = expression.args.get("order")
    127
    128        if group and order:
    129            aliases = {
    130                select.this: select.args["alias"]
    131                for select in expression.selects
    132                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
    133            }
    134
    135            for e in group.expressions:
    136                alias = aliases.get(e)
    137
    138                if alias:
    139                    e.replace(exp.column(alias))
    140
    141    return expression
    142
    143
    144def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    145    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
    146    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
    147        cte_query = expression.this
    148
    149        if cte_query.is_star:
    150            logger.warning(
    151                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
    152                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
    153            )
    154            return expression
    155
    156        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
    157        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
    158
    159        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
    160            to_replace = select
    161
    162            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
    163                select = select.this
    164
    165            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
    166            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
    167
    168    return expression
    169
    170
    171def _parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
    172    this = format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
    173    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
    174    return this
    175
    176
    177def _parse_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
    178    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
    179    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
    180
    181
    182def _parse_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
    183    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
    184    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
    185    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.Hex(this=arg)
    186
    187
    188class BigQuery(Dialect):
    189    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    190
    191    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    192    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    193
    194    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    195    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    196
    197    TIME_MAPPING = {
    198        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    199    }
    200
    201    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    202        "DD": "%d",
    203        "MM": "%m",
    204        "MON": "%b",
    205        "MONTH": "%B",
    206        "YYYY": "%Y",
    207        "YY": "%y",
    208        "HH": "%I",
    209        "HH12": "%I",
    210        "HH24": "%H",
    211        "MI": "%M",
    212        "SS": "%S",
    213        "SSSSS": "%f",
    214        "TZH": "%z",
    215    }
    216
    217    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    218    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    219    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    220
    221    @classmethod
    222    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    223        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    224        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    225        # not they're qualified.
    226        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    227            parent = expression.parent
    228
    229            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    230                parent = parent.parent
    231
    232            if (
    233                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    234                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    235                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    236            ):
    237                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    238
    239        return expression
    240
    241    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    242        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    243        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    244        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    245        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    246
    247        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    248
    249        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    250            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    251        ]
    252
    253        RAW_STRINGS = [
    254            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    255        ]
    256
    257        KEYWORDS = {
    258            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    259            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    260            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    261            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    262            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    263            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    264            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    265            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    266            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    267            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    268            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    269            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    270            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    271            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    272        }
    273        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    274
    275    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    276        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    277
    278        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    279        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    280
    281        SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    282
    283        FUNCTIONS = {
    284            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    285            "DATE": _parse_date,
    286            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    287            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    288            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    289                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    290                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    291            ),
    292            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    293            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    294            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    295            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    296            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    297            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    298            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    299                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    300            ),
    301            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    302            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    303            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    304                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    305                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    306                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    307                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    308                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    309                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    310                else None,
    311            ),
    312            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    313            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    314            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    315                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    316                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    317                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    318            ),
    319            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    320            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    321            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    322            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    323            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    324        }
    325
    326        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    327            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    328            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    329        }
    330        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    331
    332        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    333            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    334            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    335        }
    336
    337        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    338            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    339            TokenType.TABLE,
    340        }
    341
    342        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    343            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    344            TokenType.VALUES,
    345        }
    346
    347        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    348            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    349            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    350                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    351            ),
    352            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    353        }
    354
    355        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    356            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    357            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    358        }
    359
    360        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    361            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    362
    363            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    364            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    365                table_name = this.name
    366                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    367                    self._advance(2)
    368                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    369
    370                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    371            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    372                table_name = this.name
    373
    374                if (
    375                    self._curr
    376                    and self._prev.end == self._curr.start - 1
    377                    and self._parse_var(any_token=True)
    378                ):
    379                    table_name += self._prev.text
    380
    381                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    382
    383            return this
    384
    385        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    386            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    387            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    388                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    389                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    390                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    391                )
    392
    393                if rest and this:
    394                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    395
    396                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    397
    398            return table
    399
    400        def _parse_json_object(self) -> exp.JSONObject:
    401            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    402            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    403
    404            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    405            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    406            if (
    407                array_kv_pair
    408                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    409                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    410            ):
    411                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    412                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    413
    414                json_object.set(
    415                    "expressions",
    416                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    417                )
    418
    419            return json_object
    420
    421    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    422        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    423        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    424        JOIN_HINTS = False
    425        QUERY_HINTS = False
    426        TABLE_HINTS = False
    427        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    428        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    429        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    430        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    431
    432        TRANSFORMS = {
    433            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    434            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    435            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    436            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    437            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    438            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    439            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    440            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    441            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    442            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    443            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    444            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    445            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    446            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    447            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    448            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    449            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    450            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    451            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    452            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    453            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
    454            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    455            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    456            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    457            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    458            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    459            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    460                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    461                e.this,
    462                e.expression,
    463                e.args.get("position"),
    464                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    465            ),
    466            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    467            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    468            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    469            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    470                [
    471                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    472                    _unqualify_unnest,
    473                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    474                    _alias_ordered_group,
    475                ]
    476            ),
    477            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    478                f"SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    479            ),
    480            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    481            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    482            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    483            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    484            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    485                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    486            ),
    487            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    488            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    489            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    490            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    491            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    492            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    493            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    494            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    495            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    496            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    497            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    498        }
    499
    500        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    501            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    502            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    503            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    504            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    505            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    506            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    507            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    508            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    509            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    510            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    511            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    512            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    513            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    514            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    515            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    516            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    517            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    518            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    519            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    520            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    521            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    522        }
    523
    524        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    525            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    526            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    527            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    528        }
    529
    530        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    531        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    532            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    533            "all",
    534            "and",
    535            "any",
    536            "array",
    537            "as",
    538            "asc",
    539            "assert_rows_modified",
    540            "at",
    541            "between",
    542            "by",
    543            "case",
    544            "cast",
    545            "collate",
    546            "contains",
    547            "create",
    548            "cross",
    549            "cube",
    550            "current",
    551            "default",
    552            "define",
    553            "desc",
    554            "distinct",
    555            "else",
    556            "end",
    557            "enum",
    558            "escape",
    559            "except",
    560            "exclude",
    561            "exists",
    562            "extract",
    563            "false",
    564            "fetch",
    565            "following",
    566            "for",
    567            "from",
    568            "full",
    569            "group",
    570            "grouping",
    571            "groups",
    572            "hash",
    573            "having",
    574            "if",
    575            "ignore",
    576            "in",
    577            "inner",
    578            "intersect",
    579            "interval",
    580            "into",
    581            "is",
    582            "join",
    583            "lateral",
    584            "left",
    585            "like",
    586            "limit",
    587            "lookup",
    588            "merge",
    589            "natural",
    590            "new",
    591            "no",
    592            "not",
    593            "null",
    594            "nulls",
    595            "of",
    596            "on",
    597            "or",
    598            "order",
    599            "outer",
    600            "over",
    601            "partition",
    602            "preceding",
    603            "proto",
    604            "qualify",
    605            "range",
    606            "recursive",
    607            "respect",
    608            "right",
    609            "rollup",
    610            "rows",
    611            "select",
    612            "set",
    613            "some",
    614            "struct",
    615            "tablesample",
    616            "then",
    617            "to",
    618            "treat",
    619            "true",
    620            "unbounded",
    621            "union",
    622            "unnest",
    623            "using",
    624            "when",
    625            "where",
    626            "window",
    627            "with",
    628            "within",
    629        }
    630
    631        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    632            parent = expression.parent
    633
    634            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    635            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    636            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    637                return self.func(
    638                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    639                )
    640
    641            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    642
    643        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    644            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#json_literals
    645            if expression.is_type("json"):
    646                return f"JSON {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    647
    648            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    649
    650        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    651            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    652
    653        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    654            if expression.alias_column_names:
    655                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    656            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    657
    658        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    659            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    660            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    661                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    662
    663            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    664
    665        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    666            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    667
    668        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    669            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    670
    671        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    672            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    673
    674        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    675            return self.sql(expression)
    676
    677        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    678            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    679                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    680            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    681
    682        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    683            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    684                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    685            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    686
    687        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    688            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    689
    690        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    691            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    692                expression = expression.copy()
    693                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    694            return super().version_sql(expression)

logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    189class BigQuery(Dialect):
    190    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    191
    192    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    193    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    194
    195    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    196    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    197
    198    TIME_MAPPING = {
    199        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    200    }
    201
    202    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    203        "DD": "%d",
    204        "MM": "%m",
    205        "MON": "%b",
    206        "MONTH": "%B",
    207        "YYYY": "%Y",
    208        "YY": "%y",
    209        "HH": "%I",
    210        "HH12": "%I",
    211        "HH24": "%H",
    212        "MI": "%M",
    213        "SS": "%S",
    214        "SSSSS": "%f",
    215        "TZH": "%z",
    216    }
    217
    218    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    219    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    220    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    221
    222    @classmethod
    223    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    224        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    225        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    226        # not they're qualified.
    227        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    228            parent = expression.parent
    229
    230            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    231                parent = parent.parent
    232
    233            if (
    234                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    235                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    236                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    237            ):
    238                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    239
    240        return expression
    241
    242    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    243        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    244        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    245        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    246        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    247
    248        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    249
    250        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    251            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    252        ]
    253
    254        RAW_STRINGS = [
    255            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    256        ]
    257
    258        KEYWORDS = {
    259            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    260            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    261            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    262            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    263            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    264            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    265            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    266            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    267            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    268            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    269            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    270            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    271            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    272            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    273        }
    274        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    275
    276    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    277        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    278
    279        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    280        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    281
    282        SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    283
    284        FUNCTIONS = {
    285            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    286            "DATE": _parse_date,
    287            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    288            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    289            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    290                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    291                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    292            ),
    293            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    294            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    295            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    296            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    297            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    298            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    299            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    300                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    301            ),
    302            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    303            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    304            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    305                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    306                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    307                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    308                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    309                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    310                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    311                else None,
    312            ),
    313            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    314            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    315            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    316                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    317                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    318                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    319            ),
    320            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    321            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    322            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    323            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    324            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    325        }
    326
    327        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    328            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    329            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    330        }
    331        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    332
    333        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    334            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    335            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    336        }
    337
    338        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    339            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    340            TokenType.TABLE,
    341        }
    342
    343        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    344            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    345            TokenType.VALUES,
    346        }
    347
    348        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    349            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    350            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    351                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    352            ),
    353            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    354        }
    355
    356        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    357            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    358            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    359        }
    360
    361        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    362            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    363
    364            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    365            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    366                table_name = this.name
    367                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    368                    self._advance(2)
    369                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    370
    371                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    372            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    373                table_name = this.name
    374
    375                if (
    376                    self._curr
    377                    and self._prev.end == self._curr.start - 1
    378                    and self._parse_var(any_token=True)
    379                ):
    380                    table_name += self._prev.text
    381
    382                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    383
    384            return this
    385
    386        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    387            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    388            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    389                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    390                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    391                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    392                )
    393
    394                if rest and this:
    395                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    396
    397                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    398
    399            return table
    400
    401        def _parse_json_object(self) -> exp.JSONObject:
    402            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    403            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    404
    405            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    406            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    407            if (
    408                array_kv_pair
    409                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    410                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    411            ):
    412                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    413                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    414
    415                json_object.set(
    416                    "expressions",
    417                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    418                )
    419
    420            return json_object
    421
    422    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    423        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    424        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    425        JOIN_HINTS = False
    426        QUERY_HINTS = False
    427        TABLE_HINTS = False
    428        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    429        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    430        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    431        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    432
    433        TRANSFORMS = {
    434            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    435            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    436            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    437            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    438            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    439            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    440            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    441            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    442            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    443            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    444            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    445            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    446            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    447            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    448            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    449            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    450            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    451            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    452            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    453            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    454            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
    455            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    456            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    457            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    458            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    459            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    460            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    461                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    462                e.this,
    463                e.expression,
    464                e.args.get("position"),
    465                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    466            ),
    467            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    468            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    469            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    470            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    471                [
    472                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    473                    _unqualify_unnest,
    474                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    475                    _alias_ordered_group,
    476                ]
    477            ),
    478            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    479                f"SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    480            ),
    481            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    482            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    483            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    484            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    485            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    486                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    487            ),
    488            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    489            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    490            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    491            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    492            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    493            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    494            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    495            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    496            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    497            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    498            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    499        }
    500
    501        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    502            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    503            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    504            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    505            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    506            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    507            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    508            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    509            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    510            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    511            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    512            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    513            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    514            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    515            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    516            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    517            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    518            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    519            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    520            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    521            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    522            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    523        }
    524
    525        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    526            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    527            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    528            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    529        }
    530
    531        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    532        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    533            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    534            "all",
    535            "and",
    536            "any",
    537            "array",
    538            "as",
    539            "asc",
    540            "assert_rows_modified",
    541            "at",
    542            "between",
    543            "by",
    544            "case",
    545            "cast",
    546            "collate",
    547            "contains",
    548            "create",
    549            "cross",
    550            "cube",
    551            "current",
    552            "default",
    553            "define",
    554            "desc",
    555            "distinct",
    556            "else",
    557            "end",
    558            "enum",
    559            "escape",
    560            "except",
    561            "exclude",
    562            "exists",
    563            "extract",
    564            "false",
    565            "fetch",
    566            "following",
    567            "for",
    568            "from",
    569            "full",
    570            "group",
    571            "grouping",
    572            "groups",
    573            "hash",
    574            "having",
    575            "if",
    576            "ignore",
    577            "in",
    578            "inner",
    579            "intersect",
    580            "interval",
    581            "into",
    582            "is",
    583            "join",
    584            "lateral",
    585            "left",
    586            "like",
    587            "limit",
    588            "lookup",
    589            "merge",
    590            "natural",
    591            "new",
    592            "no",
    593            "not",
    594            "null",
    595            "nulls",
    596            "of",
    597            "on",
    598            "or",
    599            "order",
    600            "outer",
    601            "over",
    602            "partition",
    603            "preceding",
    604            "proto",
    605            "qualify",
    606            "range",
    607            "recursive",
    608            "respect",
    609            "right",
    610            "rollup",
    611            "rows",
    612            "select",
    613            "set",
    614            "some",
    615            "struct",
    616            "tablesample",
    617            "then",
    618            "to",
    619            "treat",
    620            "true",
    621            "unbounded",
    622            "union",
    623            "unnest",
    624            "using",
    625            "when",
    626            "where",
    627            "window",
    628            "with",
    629            "within",
    630        }
    631
    632        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    633            parent = expression.parent
    634
    635            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    636            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    637            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    638                return self.func(
    639                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    640                )
    641
    642            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    643
    644        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    645            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#json_literals
    646            if expression.is_type("json"):
    647                return f"JSON {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    648
    649            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    650
    651        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    652            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    653
    654        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    655            if expression.alias_column_names:
    656                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    657            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    658
    659        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    660            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    661            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    662                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    663
    664            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    665
    666        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    667            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    668
    669        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    670            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    671
    672        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    673            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    674
    675        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    676            return self.sql(expression)
    677
    678        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    679            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    680                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    681            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    682
    683        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    684            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    685                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    686            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    687
    688        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    689            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    690
    691        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    692            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    693                expression = expression.copy()
    694                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    695            return super().version_sql(expression)

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = None
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
PSEUDOCOLUMNS: Set[str] = {'_PARTITIONDATE', '_PARTITIONTIME'}
@classmethod
def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    222    @classmethod
    223    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    224        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    225        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    226        # not they're qualified.
    227        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    228            parent = expression.parent
    229
    230            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    231                parent = parent.parent
    232
    233            if (
    234                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    235                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    236                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    237            ):
    238                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    239
    240        return expression

Normalizes an unquoted identifier to either lower or upper case, thus essentially making it case-insensitive. If a dialect treats all identifiers as case-insensitive, they will be normalized regardless of being quoted or not.

tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START = None
BIT_END = None
HEX_START = '0x'
HEX_END = ''
BYTE_START = "b'"
BYTE_END = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  TIME_FORMAT
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    242    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    243        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    244        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    245        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    246        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    247
    248        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    249
    250        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    251            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    252        ]
    253
    254        RAW_STRINGS = [
    255            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    256        ]
    257
    258        KEYWORDS = {
    259            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    260            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    261            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    262            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    263            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    264            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    265            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    266            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    267            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    268            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    269            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    270            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    271            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    272            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    273        }
    274        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")

QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  ENCODE
  reset
  tokenize
  peek
  size
  sql
  tokens

class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    276    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    277        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    278
    279        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    280        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    281
    282        SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    283
    284        FUNCTIONS = {
    285            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    286            "DATE": _parse_date,
    287            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    288            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    289            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    290                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    291                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    292            ),
    293            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    294            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    295            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    296            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    297            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    298            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    299            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    300                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    301            ),
    302            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    303            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    304            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    305                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    306                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    307                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    308                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    309                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    310                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    311                else None,
    312            ),
    313            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    314            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    315            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    316                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    317                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    318                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    319            ),
    320            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    321            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    322            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    323            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    324            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    325        }
    326
    327        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    328            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    329            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    330        }
    331        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    332
    333        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    334            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    335            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    336        }
    337
    338        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    339            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    340            TokenType.TABLE,
    341        }
    342
    343        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    344            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    345            TokenType.VALUES,
    346        }
    347
    348        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    349            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    350            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    351                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    352            ),
    353            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    354        }
    355
    356        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    357            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    358            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    359        }
    360
    361        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    362            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    363
    364            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    365            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    366                table_name = this.name
    367                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    368                    self._advance(2)
    369                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    370
    371                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    372            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    373                table_name = this.name
    374
    375                if (
    376                    self._curr
    377                    and self._prev.end == self._curr.start - 1
    378                    and self._parse_var(any_token=True)
    379                ):
    380                    table_name += self._prev.text
    381
    382                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    383
    384            return this
    385
    386        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    387            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    388            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    389                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    390                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    391                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    392                )
    393
    394                if rest and this:
    395                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    396
    397                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    398
    399            return table
    400
    401        def _parse_json_object(self) -> exp.JSONObject:
    402            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    403            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    404
    405            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    406            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    407            if (
    408                array_kv_pair
    409                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    410                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    411            ):
    412                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    413                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    414
    415                json_object.set(
    416                    "expressions",
    417                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    418                )
    419
    420            return json_object

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _parse_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'DIV': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _parse_to_hex>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SHA256': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
TOKENIZER_CLASS: Type[sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer] = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY: bool = True
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  MODIFIABLES
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KINDS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    422    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    423        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    424        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    425        JOIN_HINTS = False
    426        QUERY_HINTS = False
    427        TABLE_HINTS = False
    428        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    429        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    430        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    431        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    432
    433        TRANSFORMS = {
    434            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    435            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    436            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    437            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    438            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    439            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    440            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    441            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    442            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    443            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    444            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    445            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    446            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    447            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    448            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    449            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    450            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    451            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    452            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    453            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    454            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
    455            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    456            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    457            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    458            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    459            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    460            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    461                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    462                e.this,
    463                e.expression,
    464                e.args.get("position"),
    465                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    466            ),
    467            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    468            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    469            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    470            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    471                [
    472                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    473                    _unqualify_unnest,
    474                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    475                    _alias_ordered_group,
    476                ]
    477            ),
    478            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    479                f"SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    480            ),
    481            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    482            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    483            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    484            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    485            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    486                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    487            ),
    488            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    489            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    490            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    491            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    492            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    493            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    494            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    495            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    496            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    497            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    498            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    499        }
    500
    501        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    502            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    503            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    504            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    505            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    506            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    507            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    508            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    509            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    510            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    511            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    512            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    513            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    514            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    515            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    516            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    517            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    518            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    519            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    520            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    521            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    522            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    523        }
    524
    525        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    526            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    527            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    528            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    529        }
    530
    531        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    532        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    533            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    534            "all",
    535            "and",
    536            "any",
    537            "array",
    538            "as",
    539            "asc",
    540            "assert_rows_modified",
    541            "at",
    542            "between",
    543            "by",
    544            "case",
    545            "cast",
    546            "collate",
    547            "contains",
    548            "create",
    549            "cross",
    550            "cube",
    551            "current",
    552            "default",
    553            "define",
    554            "desc",
    555            "distinct",
    556            "else",
    557            "end",
    558            "enum",
    559            "escape",
    560            "except",
    561            "exclude",
    562            "exists",
    563            "extract",
    564            "false",
    565            "fetch",
    566            "following",
    567            "for",
    568            "from",
    569            "full",
    570            "group",
    571            "grouping",
    572            "groups",
    573            "hash",
    574            "having",
    575            "if",
    576            "ignore",
    577            "in",
    578            "inner",
    579            "intersect",
    580            "interval",
    581            "into",
    582            "is",
    583            "join",
    584            "lateral",
    585            "left",
    586            "like",
    587            "limit",
    588            "lookup",
    589            "merge",
    590            "natural",
    591            "new",
    592            "no",
    593            "not",
    594            "null",
    595            "nulls",
    596            "of",
    597            "on",
    598            "or",
    599            "order",
    600            "outer",
    601            "over",
    602            "partition",
    603            "preceding",
    604            "proto",
    605            "qualify",
    606            "range",
    607            "recursive",
    608            "respect",
    609            "right",
    610            "rollup",
    611            "rows",
    612            "select",
    613            "set",
    614            "some",
    615            "struct",
    616            "tablesample",
    617            "then",
    618            "to",
    619            "treat",
    620            "true",
    621            "unbounded",
    622            "union",
    623            "unnest",
    624            "using",
    625            "when",
    626            "where",
    627            "window",
    628            "with",
    629            "within",
    630        }
    631
    632        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    633            parent = expression.parent
    634
    635            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    636            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    637            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    638                return self.func(
    639                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    640                )
    641
    642            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    643
    644        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    645            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#json_literals
    646            if expression.is_type("json"):
    647                return f"JSON {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    648
    649            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    650
    651        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    652            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    653
    654        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    655            if expression.alias_column_names:
    656                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    657            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    658
    659        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    660            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    661            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    662                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    663
    664            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    665
    666        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    667            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    668
    669        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    670            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    671
    672        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    673            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    674
    675        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    676            return self.sql(expression)
    677
    678        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    679            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    680                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    681            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    682
    683        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    684            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    685                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    686            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    687
    688        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    689            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    690
    691        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    692            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    693                expression = expression.copy()
    694                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    695            return super().version_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

EXPLICIT_UNION = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalDayToSecondSpan'>: 'DAY TO SECOND', <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalYearToMonthSpan'>: 'YEAR TO MONTH', <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONKeyValue'>: <function json_keyvalue_comma_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'new', 'or', 'else', 'outer', 'right', 'qualify', 'rollup', 'assert_rows_modified', 'order', 'at', 'for', 'default', 'current', 'treat', 'contains', 'rows', 'where', 'array', 'not', 'within', 'nulls', 'recursive', 'exclude', 'as', 'is', 'extract', 'cross', 'unbounded', 'to', 'some', 'case', 'preceding', 'no', 'intersect', 'having', 'distinct', 'limit', 'null', 'full', 'hash', 'using', 'on', 'merge', 'create', 'define', 'partition', 'left', 'collate', 'lookup', 'into', 'struct', 'window', 'between', 'false', 'cube', 'inner', 'ignore', 'if', 'like', 'group', 'in', 'proto', 'all', 'from', 'over', 'unnest', 'grouping', 'range', 'union', 'except', 'desc', 'and', 'select', 'of', 'enum', 'tablesample', 'set', 'fetch', 'cast', 'then', 'following', 'by', 'lateral', 'respect', 'when', 'groups', 'end', 'escape', 'join', 'any', 'interval', 'true', 'with', 'asc', 'natural', 'exists'}
def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str: View Source

    632        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    633            parent = expression.parent
    634
    635            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    636            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    637            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    638                return self.func(
    639                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    640                )
    641
    642            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)

def cast_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cast, safe_prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> str: View Source

    644        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    645            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#json_literals
    646            if expression.is_type("json"):
    647                return f"JSON {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    648
    649            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    651        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    652            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")

def cte_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CTE) -> str: View Source

    654        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    655            if expression.alias_column_names:
    656                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    657            return super().cte_sql(expression)

def array_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Array) -> str: View Source

    659        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    660            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    661            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    662                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    663
    664            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)

def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    666        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    667            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"

def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    669        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    670            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"

def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    672        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    673            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"

def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    675        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    676            return self.sql(expression)

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    678        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    679            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    680                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    681            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    683        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    684            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    685                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    686            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    688        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    689            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version) -> str: View Source

    691        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    692            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    693                expression = expression.copy()
    694                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    695            return super().version_sql(expression)

INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
@classmethod
def can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool: View Source

    256    @classmethod
    257    def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
    258        """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
    259
    260        Args:
    261            text: The text to check.
    262            identify:
    263                "always" or `True`: Always returns true.
    264                "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
    265
    266        Returns:
    267            Whether or not the given text can be identified.
    268        """
    269        if identify is True or identify == "always":
    270            return True
    271
    272        if identify == "safe":
    273            return not cls.case_sensitive(text)
    274
    275        return False

Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.

###### Arguments:

- text: The text to check.
- identify: "always" or `True`: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.

###### Returns:

> Whether or not the given text can be identified.

QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
TOKENIZER_CLASS = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  SELECT_KINDS
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  STAR_MAPPING
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_having_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
  safebracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  safeconcat_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  aliases_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  altertable_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  safedpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  or_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  set_operation
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql