sqlglot.dialects.bigquery API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import logging
      4import re
      5import typing as t
      6
      7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      8from sqlglot._typing import E
      9from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
     10    Dialect,
     11    binary_from_function,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    format_time_lambda,
     14    inline_array_sql,
     15    max_or_greatest,
     16    min_or_least,
     17    no_ilike_sql,
     18    parse_date_delta_with_interval,
     19    regexp_replace_sql,
     20    rename_func,
     21    timestrtotime_sql,
     22    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
     23)
     24from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
     25from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     26
     27logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
     28
     29
     30def _date_add_sql(
     31    data_type: str, kind: str
     32) -> t.Callable[[generator.Generator, exp.Expression], str]:
     33    def func(self, expression):
     34        this = self.sql(expression, "this")
     35        unit = expression.args.get("unit")
     36        unit = exp.var(unit.name.upper() if unit else "DAY")
     37        interval = exp.Interval(this=expression.expression, unit=unit)
     38        return f"{data_type}_{kind}({this}, {self.sql(interval)})"
     39
     40    return func
     41
     42
     43def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
     44    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
     45        return self.values_sql(expression)
     46
     47    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     48
     49    structs = [
     50        exp.Struct(
     51            expressions=[
     52                exp.alias_(value, column_name)
     53                for value, column_name in zip(
     54                    t.expressions,
     55                    alias.columns
     56                    if alias and alias.columns
     57                    else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(t.expressions))),
     58                )
     59            ]
     60        )
     61        for t in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple)
     62    ]
     63
     64    return self.unnest_sql(exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.Array(expressions=structs)]))
     65
     66
     67def _returnsproperty_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
     68    this = expression.this
     69    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
     70        this = f"{this.this} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
     71    else:
     72        this = self.sql(this)
     73    return f"RETURNS {this}"
     74
     75
     76def _create_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
     77    kind = expression.args["kind"]
     78    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
     79    if kind.upper() == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
     80        expression = expression.copy()
     81        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
     82        if isinstance(
     83            expression.expression,
     84            (
     85                exp.Subquery,
     86                exp.Literal,
     87            ),
     88        ):
     89            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
     90
     91        return self.create_sql(expression)
     92
     93    return self.create_sql(expression)
     94
     95
     96def _unqualify_unnest(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     97    """Remove references to unnest table aliases since bigquery doesn't allow them.
     98
     99    These are added by the optimizer's qualify_column step.
    100    """
    101    from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import Scope
    102
    103    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
    104        for unnest in expression.find_all(exp.Unnest):
    105            if isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join)) and unnest.alias:
    106                for column in Scope(expression).find_all(exp.Column):
    107                    if column.table == unnest.alias:
    108                        column.set("table", None)
    109
    110    return expression
    111
    112
    113# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
    114# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
    115# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
    116# SELECT y + 1 z
    117# FROM x
    118# GROUP BY x + 1
    119# ORDER by z
    120def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    121    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
    122        group = expression.args.get("group")
    123        order = expression.args.get("order")
    124
    125        if group and order:
    126            aliases = {
    127                select.this: select.args["alias"]
    128                for select in expression.selects
    129                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
    130            }
    131
    132            for e in group.expressions:
    133                alias = aliases.get(e)
    134
    135                if alias:
    136                    e.replace(exp.column(alias))
    137
    138    return expression
    139
    140
    141def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    142    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
    143    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
    144        cte_query = expression.this
    145
    146        if cte_query.is_star:
    147            logger.warning(
    148                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
    149                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
    150            )
    151            return expression
    152
    153        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
    154        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
    155
    156        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
    157            to_replace = select
    158
    159            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
    160                select = select.this
    161
    162            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
    163            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
    164
    165    return expression
    166
    167
    168def _parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
    169    this = format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
    170    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
    171    return this
    172
    173
    174def _parse_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
    175    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
    176    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
    177
    178
    179def _parse_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
    180    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
    181    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
    182    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.Hex(this=arg)
    183
    184
    185class BigQuery(Dialect):
    186    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    187
    188    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    189    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    190
    191    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    192    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    193
    194    TIME_MAPPING = {
    195        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    196    }
    197
    198    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    199        "DD": "%d",
    200        "MM": "%m",
    201        "MON": "%b",
    202        "MONTH": "%B",
    203        "YYYY": "%Y",
    204        "YY": "%y",
    205        "HH": "%I",
    206        "HH12": "%I",
    207        "HH24": "%H",
    208        "MI": "%M",
    209        "SS": "%S",
    210        "SSSSS": "%f",
    211        "TZH": "%z",
    212    }
    213
    214    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    215    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    216    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    217
    218    @classmethod
    219    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    220        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    221        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    222        # not they're qualified.
    223        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    224            parent = expression.parent
    225
    226            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    227                parent = parent.parent
    228
    229            if (
    230                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    231                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    232                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    233            ):
    234                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    235
    236        return expression
    237
    238    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    239        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    240        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    241        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    242        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    243
    244        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    245
    246        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    247            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    248        ]
    249
    250        RAW_STRINGS = [
    251            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    252        ]
    253
    254        KEYWORDS = {
    255            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    256            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    257            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    258            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    259            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    260            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    261            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    262            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    263            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    264            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    265            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    266            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    267            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    268        }
    269        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    270
    271    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    272        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    273
    274        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    275        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    276
    277        FUNCTIONS = {
    278            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    279            "DATE": _parse_date,
    280            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    281            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    282            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    283                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    284                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    285            ),
    286            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    287            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    288            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    289            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    290            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    291            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    292            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    293                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    294            ),
    295            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    296            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    297            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    298                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    299                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    300                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    301                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    302                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    303                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    304                else None,
    305            ),
    306            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    307                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    308                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    309                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    310            ),
    311            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    312            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    313            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    314            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    315            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    316        }
    317
    318        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    319            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    320            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    321        }
    322        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    323
    324        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    325            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    326            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    327        }
    328
    329        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    330            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    331            TokenType.TABLE,
    332        }
    333
    334        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    335            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    336            TokenType.VALUES,
    337        }
    338
    339        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    340            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    341            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    342                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    343            ),
    344            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    345        }
    346
    347        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    348            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    349            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    350        }
    351
    352        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    353            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
    354
    355            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    356            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    357                table_name = this.name
    358                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    359                    self._advance(2)
    360                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    361
    362                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    363
    364            return this
    365
    366        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    367            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    368            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    369                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    370                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    371                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    372                )
    373
    374                if rest and this:
    375                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    376
    377                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    378
    379            return table
    380
    381    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    382        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    383        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    384        JOIN_HINTS = False
    385        QUERY_HINTS = False
    386        TABLE_HINTS = False
    387        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    388        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    389        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    390
    391        TRANSFORMS = {
    392            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    393            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    394            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    395            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    396            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    397            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    398            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    399            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    400            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    401            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    402            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    403            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    404            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    405            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    406            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    407            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    408            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    409            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    410            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    411            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    412            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    413            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    414            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    415            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    416            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    417            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    418                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    419                e.this,
    420                e.expression,
    421                e.args.get("position"),
    422                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    423            ),
    424            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    425            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    426            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    427            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    428                [
    429                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    430                    _unqualify_unnest,
    431                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    432                    _alias_ordered_group,
    433                ]
    434            ),
    435            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    436            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    437            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    438            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    439            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    440                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    441            ),
    442            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    443            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    444            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    445            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    446            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    447            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    448            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    449            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    450            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    451            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    452            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    453        }
    454
    455        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    456            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    457            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    458            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    459            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    460            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    461            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    462            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    463            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    464            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    465            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    466            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    467            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    468            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    469            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    470            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    471            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    472            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    473            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    474            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    475            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    476            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    477        }
    478
    479        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    480            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    481            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    482            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    483        }
    484
    485        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    486        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    487            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    488            "all",
    489            "and",
    490            "any",
    491            "array",
    492            "as",
    493            "asc",
    494            "assert_rows_modified",
    495            "at",
    496            "between",
    497            "by",
    498            "case",
    499            "cast",
    500            "collate",
    501            "contains",
    502            "create",
    503            "cross",
    504            "cube",
    505            "current",
    506            "default",
    507            "define",
    508            "desc",
    509            "distinct",
    510            "else",
    511            "end",
    512            "enum",
    513            "escape",
    514            "except",
    515            "exclude",
    516            "exists",
    517            "extract",
    518            "false",
    519            "fetch",
    520            "following",
    521            "for",
    522            "from",
    523            "full",
    524            "group",
    525            "grouping",
    526            "groups",
    527            "hash",
    528            "having",
    529            "if",
    530            "ignore",
    531            "in",
    532            "inner",
    533            "intersect",
    534            "interval",
    535            "into",
    536            "is",
    537            "join",
    538            "lateral",
    539            "left",
    540            "like",
    541            "limit",
    542            "lookup",
    543            "merge",
    544            "natural",
    545            "new",
    546            "no",
    547            "not",
    548            "null",
    549            "nulls",
    550            "of",
    551            "on",
    552            "or",
    553            "order",
    554            "outer",
    555            "over",
    556            "partition",
    557            "preceding",
    558            "proto",
    559            "qualify",
    560            "range",
    561            "recursive",
    562            "respect",
    563            "right",
    564            "rollup",
    565            "rows",
    566            "select",
    567            "set",
    568            "some",
    569            "struct",
    570            "tablesample",
    571            "then",
    572            "to",
    573            "treat",
    574            "true",
    575            "unbounded",
    576            "union",
    577            "unnest",
    578            "using",
    579            "when",
    580            "where",
    581            "window",
    582            "with",
    583            "within",
    584        }
    585
    586        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    587            parent = expression.parent
    588
    589            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    590            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    591            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    592                return self.func(
    593                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    594                )
    595
    596            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    597
    598        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    599            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    600
    601        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    602            if expression.alias_column_names:
    603                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    604            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    605
    606        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    607            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    608            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    609                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    610
    611            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    612
    613        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    614            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    615
    616        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    617            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    618
    619        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    620            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    621
    622        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    623            return self.sql(expression)
    624
    625        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    626            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    627                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    628            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    629
    630        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    631            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    632                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    633            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    634
    635        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    636            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    186class BigQuery(Dialect):
    187    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    188
    189    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    190    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    191
    192    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    193    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    194
    195    TIME_MAPPING = {
    196        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    197    }
    198
    199    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    200        "DD": "%d",
    201        "MM": "%m",
    202        "MON": "%b",
    203        "MONTH": "%B",
    204        "YYYY": "%Y",
    205        "YY": "%y",
    206        "HH": "%I",
    207        "HH12": "%I",
    208        "HH24": "%H",
    209        "MI": "%M",
    210        "SS": "%S",
    211        "SSSSS": "%f",
    212        "TZH": "%z",
    213    }
    214
    215    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    216    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    217    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    218
    219    @classmethod
    220    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    221        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    222        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    223        # not they're qualified.
    224        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    225            parent = expression.parent
    226
    227            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    228                parent = parent.parent
    229
    230            if (
    231                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    232                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    233                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    234            ):
    235                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    236
    237        return expression
    238
    239    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    240        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    241        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    242        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    243        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    244
    245        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    246
    247        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    248            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    249        ]
    250
    251        RAW_STRINGS = [
    252            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    253        ]
    254
    255        KEYWORDS = {
    256            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    257            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    258            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    259            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    260            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    261            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    262            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    263            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    264            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    265            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    266            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    267            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    268            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    269        }
    270        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    271
    272    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    273        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    274
    275        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    276        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    277
    278        FUNCTIONS = {
    279            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    280            "DATE": _parse_date,
    281            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    282            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    283            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    284                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    285                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    286            ),
    287            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    288            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    289            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    290            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    291            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    292            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    293            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    294                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    295            ),
    296            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    297            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    298            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    299                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    300                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    301                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    302                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    303                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    304                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    305                else None,
    306            ),
    307            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    308                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    309                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    310                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    311            ),
    312            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    313            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    314            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    315            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    316            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    317        }
    318
    319        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    320            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    321            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    322        }
    323        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    324
    325        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    326            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    327            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    328        }
    329
    330        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    331            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    332            TokenType.TABLE,
    333        }
    334
    335        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    336            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    337            TokenType.VALUES,
    338        }
    339
    340        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    341            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    342            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    343                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    344            ),
    345            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    346        }
    347
    348        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    349            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    350            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    351        }
    352
    353        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    354            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
    355
    356            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    357            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    358                table_name = this.name
    359                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    360                    self._advance(2)
    361                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    362
    363                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    364
    365            return this
    366
    367        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    368            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    369            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    370                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    371                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    372                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    373                )
    374
    375                if rest and this:
    376                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    377
    378                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    379
    380            return table
    381
    382    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    383        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    384        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    385        JOIN_HINTS = False
    386        QUERY_HINTS = False
    387        TABLE_HINTS = False
    388        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    389        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    390        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    391
    392        TRANSFORMS = {
    393            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    394            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    395            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    396            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    397            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    398            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    399            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    400            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    401            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    402            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    403            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    404            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    405            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    406            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    407            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    408            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    409            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    410            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    411            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    412            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    413            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    414            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    415            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    416            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    417            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    418            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    419                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    420                e.this,
    421                e.expression,
    422                e.args.get("position"),
    423                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    424            ),
    425            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    426            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    427            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    428            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    429                [
    430                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    431                    _unqualify_unnest,
    432                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    433                    _alias_ordered_group,
    434                ]
    435            ),
    436            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    437            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    438            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    439            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    440            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    441                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    442            ),
    443            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    444            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    445            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    446            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    447            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    448            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    449            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    450            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    451            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    452            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    453            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    454        }
    455
    456        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    457            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    458            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    459            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    460            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    461            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    462            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    463            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    464            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    465            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    466            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    467            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    468            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    469            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    470            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    471            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    472            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    473            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    474            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    475            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    476            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    477            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    478        }
    479
    480        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    481            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    482            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    483            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    484        }
    485
    486        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    487        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    488            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    489            "all",
    490            "and",
    491            "any",
    492            "array",
    493            "as",
    494            "asc",
    495            "assert_rows_modified",
    496            "at",
    497            "between",
    498            "by",
    499            "case",
    500            "cast",
    501            "collate",
    502            "contains",
    503            "create",
    504            "cross",
    505            "cube",
    506            "current",
    507            "default",
    508            "define",
    509            "desc",
    510            "distinct",
    511            "else",
    512            "end",
    513            "enum",
    514            "escape",
    515            "except",
    516            "exclude",
    517            "exists",
    518            "extract",
    519            "false",
    520            "fetch",
    521            "following",
    522            "for",
    523            "from",
    524            "full",
    525            "group",
    526            "grouping",
    527            "groups",
    528            "hash",
    529            "having",
    530            "if",
    531            "ignore",
    532            "in",
    533            "inner",
    534            "intersect",
    535            "interval",
    536            "into",
    537            "is",
    538            "join",
    539            "lateral",
    540            "left",
    541            "like",
    542            "limit",
    543            "lookup",
    544            "merge",
    545            "natural",
    546            "new",
    547            "no",
    548            "not",
    549            "null",
    550            "nulls",
    551            "of",
    552            "on",
    553            "or",
    554            "order",
    555            "outer",
    556            "over",
    557            "partition",
    558            "preceding",
    559            "proto",
    560            "qualify",
    561            "range",
    562            "recursive",
    563            "respect",
    564            "right",
    565            "rollup",
    566            "rows",
    567            "select",
    568            "set",
    569            "some",
    570            "struct",
    571            "tablesample",
    572            "then",
    573            "to",
    574            "treat",
    575            "true",
    576            "unbounded",
    577            "union",
    578            "unnest",
    579            "using",
    580            "when",
    581            "where",
    582            "window",
    583            "with",
    584            "within",
    585        }
    586
    587        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    588            parent = expression.parent
    589
    590            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    591            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    592            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    593                return self.func(
    594                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    595                )
    596
    597            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    598
    599        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    600            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    601
    602        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    603            if expression.alias_column_names:
    604                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    605            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    606
    607        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    608            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    609            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    610                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    611
    612            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    613
    614        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    615            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    616
    617        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    618            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    619
    620        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    621            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    622
    623        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    624            return self.sql(expression)
    625
    626        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    627            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    628                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    629            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    630
    631        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    632            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    633                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    634            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    635
    636        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    637            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = None
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
PSEUDOCOLUMNS: Set[str] = {'_PARTITIONTIME', '_PARTITIONDATE'}
@classmethod
def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    219    @classmethod
    220    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    221        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    222        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    223        # not they're qualified.
    224        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    225            parent = expression.parent
    226
    227            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    228                parent = parent.parent
    229
    230            if (
    231                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    232                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    233                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    234            ):
    235                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    236
    237        return expression

Normalizes an unquoted identifier to either lower or upper case, thus essentially making it case-insensitive. If a dialect treats all identifiers as case-insensitive, they will be normalized regardless of being quoted or not.

tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START = None
BIT_END = None
HEX_START = '0x'
HEX_END = ''
BYTE_START = "b'"
BYTE_END = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  TIME_FORMAT
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    239    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    240        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    241        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    242        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    243        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    244
    245        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    246
    247        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    248            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    249        ]
    250
    251        RAW_STRINGS = [
    252            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    253        ]
    254
    255        KEYWORDS = {
    256            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    257            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    258            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    259            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    260            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    261            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    262            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    263            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    264            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    265            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    266            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    267            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    268            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    269        }
    270        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")

QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'IF': <TokenType.IF: 'IF'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NEXT VALUE FOR': <TokenType.NEXT_VALUE_FOR: 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  ENCODE
  reset
  tokenize
  peek
  size
  sql
  tokens

class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    272    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    273        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    274
    275        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    276        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    277
    278        FUNCTIONS = {
    279            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    280            "DATE": _parse_date,
    281            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    282            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    283            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    284                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    285                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    286            ),
    287            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    288            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    289            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    290            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    291            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    292            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    293            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    294                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    295            ),
    296            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    297            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    298            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    299                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    300                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    301                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    302                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    303                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    304                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    305                else None,
    306            ),
    307            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    308                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    309                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    310                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    311            ),
    312            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    313            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    314            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    315            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    316            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    317        }
    318
    319        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    320            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    321            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    322        }
    323        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    324
    325        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    326            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    327            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    328        }
    329
    330        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    331            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    332            TokenType.TABLE,
    333        }
    334
    335        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    336            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    337            TokenType.VALUES,
    338        }
    339
    340        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    341            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    342            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    343                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    344            ),
    345            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    346        }
    347
    348        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    349            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    350            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    351        }
    352
    353        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    354            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
    355
    356            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    357            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    358                table_name = this.name
    359                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    360                    self._advance(2)
    361                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    362
    363                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    364
    365            return this
    366
    367        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    368            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    369            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    370                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    371                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    372                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    373                )
    374
    375                if rest and this:
    376                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    377
    378                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    379
    380            return table

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _parse_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'DIV': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _parse_to_hex>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, <TokenType.IF: 'IF'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY: bool = True
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  MODIFIABLES
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KINDS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    382    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    383        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    384        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    385        JOIN_HINTS = False
    386        QUERY_HINTS = False
    387        TABLE_HINTS = False
    388        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    389        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    390        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    391
    392        TRANSFORMS = {
    393            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    394            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    395            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    396            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    397            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    398            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    399            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    400            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    401            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    402            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    403            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    404            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    405            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    406            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    407            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    408            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    409            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    410            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    411            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    412            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    413            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    414            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    415            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    416            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    417            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    418            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    419                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    420                e.this,
    421                e.expression,
    422                e.args.get("position"),
    423                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    424            ),
    425            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    426            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    427            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    428            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    429                [
    430                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    431                    _unqualify_unnest,
    432                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    433                    _alias_ordered_group,
    434                ]
    435            ),
    436            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    437            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    438            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    439            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    440            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    441                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    442            ),
    443            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    444            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    445            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    446            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    447            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    448            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    449            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    450            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    451            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    452            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    453            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    454        }
    455
    456        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    457            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    458            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    459            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    460            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    461            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    462            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    463            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    464            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    465            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    466            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    467            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    468            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    469            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    470            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    471            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    472            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    473            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    474            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    475            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    476            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    477            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    478        }
    479
    480        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    481            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    482            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    483            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    484        }
    485
    486        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    487        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    488            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    489            "all",
    490            "and",
    491            "any",
    492            "array",
    493            "as",
    494            "asc",
    495            "assert_rows_modified",
    496            "at",
    497            "between",
    498            "by",
    499            "case",
    500            "cast",
    501            "collate",
    502            "contains",
    503            "create",
    504            "cross",
    505            "cube",
    506            "current",
    507            "default",
    508            "define",
    509            "desc",
    510            "distinct",
    511            "else",
    512            "end",
    513            "enum",
    514            "escape",
    515            "except",
    516            "exclude",
    517            "exists",
    518            "extract",
    519            "false",
    520            "fetch",
    521            "following",
    522            "for",
    523            "from",
    524            "full",
    525            "group",
    526            "grouping",
    527            "groups",
    528            "hash",
    529            "having",
    530            "if",
    531            "ignore",
    532            "in",
    533            "inner",
    534            "intersect",
    535            "interval",
    536            "into",
    537            "is",
    538            "join",
    539            "lateral",
    540            "left",
    541            "like",
    542            "limit",
    543            "lookup",
    544            "merge",
    545            "natural",
    546            "new",
    547            "no",
    548            "not",
    549            "null",
    550            "nulls",
    551            "of",
    552            "on",
    553            "or",
    554            "order",
    555            "outer",
    556            "over",
    557            "partition",
    558            "preceding",
    559            "proto",
    560            "qualify",
    561            "range",
    562            "recursive",
    563            "respect",
    564            "right",
    565            "rollup",
    566            "rows",
    567            "select",
    568            "set",
    569            "some",
    570            "struct",
    571            "tablesample",
    572            "then",
    573            "to",
    574            "treat",
    575            "true",
    576            "unbounded",
    577            "union",
    578            "unnest",
    579            "using",
    580            "when",
    581            "where",
    582            "window",
    583            "with",
    584            "within",
    585        }
    586
    587        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    588            parent = expression.parent
    589
    590            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    591            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    592            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    593                return self.func(
    594                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    595                )
    596
    597            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    598
    599        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    600            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    601
    602        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    603            if expression.alias_column_names:
    604                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    605            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    606
    607        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    608            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    609            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    610                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    611
    612            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    613
    614        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    615            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    616
    617        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    618            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    619
    620        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    621            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    622
    623        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    624            return self.sql(expression)
    625
    626        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    627            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    628                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    629            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    630
    631        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    632            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    633                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    634            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    635
    636        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    637            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

EXPLICIT_UNION = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'rows', 'limit', 'to', 'exclude', 'window', 'case', 'interval', 'into', 'for', 'new', 'select', 'desc', 'qualify', 'having', 'default', 'distinct', 'on', 'where', 'unnest', 'assert_rows_modified', 'collate', 'except', 'groups', 'cast', 'intersect', 'left', 'null', 'outer', 'merge', 'hash', 'escape', 'at', 'create', 'if', 'struct', 'current', 'using', 'no', 'not', 'with', 'group', 'set', 'unbounded', 'over', 'natural', 'and', 'partition', 'cross', 'enum', 'right', 'union', 'order', 'some', 'full', 'cube', 'in', 'inner', 'from', 'within', 'like', 'any', 'lookup', 'recursive', 'proto', 'tablesample', 'fetch', 'range', 'following', 'join', 'all', 'else', 'asc', 'treat', 'by', 'is', 'rollup', 'of', 'as', 'when', 'ignore', 'preceding', 'nulls', 'between', 'respect', 'define', 'or', 'true', 'then', 'exists', 'extract', 'false', 'grouping', 'lateral', 'array', 'end', 'contains'}
def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str: View Source

    587        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    588            parent = expression.parent
    589
    590            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    591            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    592            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    593                return self.func(
    594                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    595                )
    596
    597            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    599        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    600            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")

def cte_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CTE) -> str: View Source

    602        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    603            if expression.alias_column_names:
    604                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    605            return super().cte_sql(expression)

def array_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Array) -> str: View Source

    607        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    608            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    609            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    610                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    611
    612            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)

def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    614        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    615            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"

def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    617        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    618            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"

def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    620        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    621            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"

def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    623        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    624            return self.sql(expression)

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    626        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    627            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    628                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    629            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    631        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    632            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    633                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    634            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    636        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    637            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
@classmethod
def can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool: View Source

    253    @classmethod
    254    def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
    255        """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
    256
    257        Args:
    258            text: The text to check.
    259            identify:
    260                "always" or `True`: Always returns true.
    261                "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
    262
    263        Returns:
    264            Whether or not the given text can be identified.
    265        """
    266        if identify is True or identify == "always":
    267            return True
    268
    269        if identify == "safe":
    270            return not cls.case_sensitive(text)
    271
    272        return False

Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.

###### Arguments:

- text: The text to check.
- identify: "always" or `True`: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.

###### Returns:

> Whether or not the given text can be identified.

QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
STRING_ESCAPE = '\\'
IDENTIFIER_ESCAPE = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  SELECT_KINDS
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  STAR_MAPPING
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypesize_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_having_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
  safebracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  safeconcat_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  aliases_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  altertable_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  safedpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  or_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  set_operation
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql