sqlglot.dialects.bigquery API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import logging
      4import re
      5import typing as t
      6
      7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      8from sqlglot._typing import E
      9from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
     10    Dialect,
     11    datestrtodate_sql,
     12    format_time_lambda,
     13    inline_array_sql,
     14    max_or_greatest,
     15    min_or_least,
     16    no_ilike_sql,
     17    parse_date_delta_with_interval,
     18    rename_func,
     19    timestrtotime_sql,
     20    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
     21)
     22from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
     23from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     24
     25logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
     26
     27
     28def _date_add_sql(
     29    data_type: str, kind: str
     30) -> t.Callable[[generator.Generator, exp.Expression], str]:
     31    def func(self, expression):
     32        this = self.sql(expression, "this")
     33        unit = expression.args.get("unit")
     34        unit = exp.var(unit.name.upper() if unit else "DAY")
     35        interval = exp.Interval(this=expression.expression, unit=unit)
     36        return f"{data_type}_{kind}({this}, {self.sql(interval)})"
     37
     38    return func
     39
     40
     41def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
     42    if not isinstance(expression.unnest().parent, exp.From):
     43        return self.values_sql(expression)
     44
     45    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     46
     47    structs = [
     48        exp.Struct(
     49            expressions=[
     50                exp.alias_(value, column_name)
     51                for value, column_name in zip(
     52                    t.expressions,
     53                    alias.columns
     54                    if alias and alias.columns
     55                    else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(t.expressions))),
     56                )
     57            ]
     58        )
     59        for t in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple)
     60    ]
     61
     62    return self.unnest_sql(exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.Array(expressions=structs)]))
     63
     64
     65def _returnsproperty_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
     66    this = expression.this
     67    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
     68        this = f"{this.this} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
     69    else:
     70        this = self.sql(this)
     71    return f"RETURNS {this}"
     72
     73
     74def _create_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
     75    kind = expression.args["kind"]
     76    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
     77    if kind.upper() == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
     78        expression = expression.copy()
     79        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
     80        if isinstance(
     81            expression.expression,
     82            (
     83                exp.Subquery,
     84                exp.Literal,
     85            ),
     86        ):
     87            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
     88
     89        return self.create_sql(expression)
     90
     91    return self.create_sql(expression)
     92
     93
     94def _unqualify_unnest(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     95    """Remove references to unnest table aliases since bigquery doesn't allow them.
     96
     97    These are added by the optimizer's qualify_column step.
     98    """
     99    from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import Scope
    100
    101    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
    102        for unnest in expression.find_all(exp.Unnest):
    103            if isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join)) and unnest.alias:
    104                for column in Scope(expression).find_all(exp.Column):
    105                    if column.table == unnest.alias:
    106                        column.set("table", None)
    107
    108    return expression
    109
    110
    111# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
    112# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
    113# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
    114# SELECT y + 1 z
    115# FROM x
    116# GROUP BY x + 1
    117# ORDER by z
    118def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    119    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
    120        group = expression.args.get("group")
    121        order = expression.args.get("order")
    122
    123        if group and order:
    124            aliases = {
    125                select.this: select.args["alias"]
    126                for select in expression.selects
    127                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
    128            }
    129
    130            for e in group.expressions:
    131                alias = aliases.get(e)
    132
    133                if alias:
    134                    e.replace(exp.column(alias))
    135
    136    return expression
    137
    138
    139def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    140    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
    141    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
    142        cte_query = expression.this
    143
    144        if cte_query.is_star:
    145            logger.warning(
    146                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
    147                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
    148            )
    149            return expression
    150
    151        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
    152        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
    153
    154        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
    155            to_replace = select
    156
    157            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
    158                select = select.this
    159
    160            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
    161            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
    162
    163    return expression
    164
    165
    166def _parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
    167    this = format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
    168    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
    169    return this
    170
    171
    172def _parse_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
    173    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
    174    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
    175
    176
    177def _parse_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
    178    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
    179    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
    180    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.Hex(this=arg)
    181
    182
    183class BigQuery(Dialect):
    184    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    185
    186    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    187    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    188
    189    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    190    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    191
    192    TIME_MAPPING = {
    193        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    194    }
    195
    196    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    197        "DD": "%d",
    198        "MM": "%m",
    199        "MON": "%b",
    200        "MONTH": "%B",
    201        "YYYY": "%Y",
    202        "YY": "%y",
    203        "HH": "%I",
    204        "HH12": "%I",
    205        "HH24": "%H",
    206        "MI": "%M",
    207        "SS": "%S",
    208        "SSSSS": "%f",
    209        "TZH": "%z",
    210    }
    211
    212    @classmethod
    213    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    214        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    215        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    216        # not they're qualified.
    217        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    218            parent = expression.parent
    219
    220            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    221                parent = parent.parent
    222
    223            if (
    224                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    225                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    226                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    227            ):
    228                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    229
    230        return expression
    231
    232    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    233        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    234        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    235        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    236        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    237
    238        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    239
    240        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    241            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    242        ]
    243
    244        RAW_STRINGS = [
    245            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    246        ]
    247
    248        KEYWORDS = {
    249            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    250            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    251            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    252            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    253            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    254            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    255            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    256            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    257            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    258            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    259            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    260            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    261            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    262        }
    263        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    264
    265    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    266        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    267
    268        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    269        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    270
    271        FUNCTIONS = {
    272            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    273            "DATE": _parse_date,
    274            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    275            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    276            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    277                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    278                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    279            ),
    280            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    281            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    282            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
    283            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    284            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    285            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    286            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    287                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    288            ),
    289            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    290            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    291            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    292                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    293                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    294                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    295                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    296                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    297                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    298                else None,
    299            ),
    300            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    301                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    302                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    303                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    304            ),
    305            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    306            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    307            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    308            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    309            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    310        }
    311
    312        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    313            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    314            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    315        }
    316        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    317
    318        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    319            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    320            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    321        }
    322
    323        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    324            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    325            TokenType.TABLE,
    326        }
    327
    328        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    329            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    330            TokenType.VALUES,
    331        }
    332
    333        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    334            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    335            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    336                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    337            ),
    338            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    339        }
    340
    341        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    342            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    343            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    344        }
    345
    346        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    347            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
    348
    349            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    350            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    351                table_name = this.name
    352                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    353                    self._advance(2)
    354                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    355
    356                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    357
    358            return this
    359
    360        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    361            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    362            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    363                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    364                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    365                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    366                )
    367
    368                if rest and this:
    369                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    370
    371                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    372
    373            return table
    374
    375    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    376        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    377        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    378        JOIN_HINTS = False
    379        QUERY_HINTS = False
    380        TABLE_HINTS = False
    381        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    382        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    383        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    384
    385        TRANSFORMS = {
    386            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    387            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    388            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    389            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    390            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    391            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    392            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    393            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    394            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    395            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    396            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    397            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    398            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    399            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    400            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    401            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    402            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    403            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    404            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    405            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    406            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    407            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    408            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    409            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    410            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    411            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    412                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    413                e.this,
    414                e.expression,
    415                e.args.get("position"),
    416                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    417            ),
    418            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    419            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    420            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    421                [
    422                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    423                    _unqualify_unnest,
    424                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    425                    _alias_ordered_group,
    426                ]
    427            ),
    428            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    429            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    430            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    431            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    432            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    433                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    434            ),
    435            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    436            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    437            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    438            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    439            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    440            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    441            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    442            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    443            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    444            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    445            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    446        }
    447
    448        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    449            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    450            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    451            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    452            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    453            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    454            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    455            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    456            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    457            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    458            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    459            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    460            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    461            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    462            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    463            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    464            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    465            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    466            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    467            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    468            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    469            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    470        }
    471
    472        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    473            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    474            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    475            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    476        }
    477
    478        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    479        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    480            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    481            "all",
    482            "and",
    483            "any",
    484            "array",
    485            "as",
    486            "asc",
    487            "assert_rows_modified",
    488            "at",
    489            "between",
    490            "by",
    491            "case",
    492            "cast",
    493            "collate",
    494            "contains",
    495            "create",
    496            "cross",
    497            "cube",
    498            "current",
    499            "default",
    500            "define",
    501            "desc",
    502            "distinct",
    503            "else",
    504            "end",
    505            "enum",
    506            "escape",
    507            "except",
    508            "exclude",
    509            "exists",
    510            "extract",
    511            "false",
    512            "fetch",
    513            "following",
    514            "for",
    515            "from",
    516            "full",
    517            "group",
    518            "grouping",
    519            "groups",
    520            "hash",
    521            "having",
    522            "if",
    523            "ignore",
    524            "in",
    525            "inner",
    526            "intersect",
    527            "interval",
    528            "into",
    529            "is",
    530            "join",
    531            "lateral",
    532            "left",
    533            "like",
    534            "limit",
    535            "lookup",
    536            "merge",
    537            "natural",
    538            "new",
    539            "no",
    540            "not",
    541            "null",
    542            "nulls",
    543            "of",
    544            "on",
    545            "or",
    546            "order",
    547            "outer",
    548            "over",
    549            "partition",
    550            "preceding",
    551            "proto",
    552            "qualify",
    553            "range",
    554            "recursive",
    555            "respect",
    556            "right",
    557            "rollup",
    558            "rows",
    559            "select",
    560            "set",
    561            "some",
    562            "struct",
    563            "tablesample",
    564            "then",
    565            "to",
    566            "treat",
    567            "true",
    568            "unbounded",
    569            "union",
    570            "unnest",
    571            "using",
    572            "when",
    573            "where",
    574            "window",
    575            "with",
    576            "within",
    577        }
    578
    579        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    580            parent = expression.parent
    581
    582            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    583            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    584            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    585                return self.func(
    586                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    587                )
    588
    589            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    590
    591        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    592            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    593
    594        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    595            if expression.alias_column_names:
    596                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    597            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    598
    599        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    600            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    601            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    602                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    603
    604            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    605
    606        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    607            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    608
    609        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    610            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    611
    612        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    613            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    614
    615        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    616            return self.sql(expression)
    617
    618        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    619            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    620                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    621            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    622
    623        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    624            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    625                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    626            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    627
    628        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    629            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    184class BigQuery(Dialect):
    185    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    186
    187    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    188    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    189
    190    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    191    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    192
    193    TIME_MAPPING = {
    194        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    195    }
    196
    197    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    198        "DD": "%d",
    199        "MM": "%m",
    200        "MON": "%b",
    201        "MONTH": "%B",
    202        "YYYY": "%Y",
    203        "YY": "%y",
    204        "HH": "%I",
    205        "HH12": "%I",
    206        "HH24": "%H",
    207        "MI": "%M",
    208        "SS": "%S",
    209        "SSSSS": "%f",
    210        "TZH": "%z",
    211    }
    212
    213    @classmethod
    214    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    215        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    216        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    217        # not they're qualified.
    218        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    219            parent = expression.parent
    220
    221            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    222                parent = parent.parent
    223
    224            if (
    225                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    226                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    227                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    228            ):
    229                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    230
    231        return expression
    232
    233    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    234        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    235        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    236        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    237        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    238
    239        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    240
    241        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    242            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    243        ]
    244
    245        RAW_STRINGS = [
    246            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    247        ]
    248
    249        KEYWORDS = {
    250            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    251            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    252            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    253            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    254            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    255            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    256            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    257            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    258            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    259            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    260            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    261            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    262            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    263        }
    264        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    265
    266    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    267        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    268
    269        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    270        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    271
    272        FUNCTIONS = {
    273            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    274            "DATE": _parse_date,
    275            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    276            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    277            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    278                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    279                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    280            ),
    281            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    282            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    283            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
    284            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    285            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    286            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    287            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    288                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    289            ),
    290            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    291            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    292            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    293                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    294                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    295                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    296                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    297                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    298                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    299                else None,
    300            ),
    301            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    302                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    303                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    304                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    305            ),
    306            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    307            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    308            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    309            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    310            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    311        }
    312
    313        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    314            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    315            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    316        }
    317        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    318
    319        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    320            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    321            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    322        }
    323
    324        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    325            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    326            TokenType.TABLE,
    327        }
    328
    329        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    330            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    331            TokenType.VALUES,
    332        }
    333
    334        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    335            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    336            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    337                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    338            ),
    339            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    340        }
    341
    342        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    343            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    344            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    345        }
    346
    347        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    348            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
    349
    350            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    351            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    352                table_name = this.name
    353                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    354                    self._advance(2)
    355                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    356
    357                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    358
    359            return this
    360
    361        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    362            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    363            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    364                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    365                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    366                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    367                )
    368
    369                if rest and this:
    370                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    371
    372                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    373
    374            return table
    375
    376    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    377        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    378        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    379        JOIN_HINTS = False
    380        QUERY_HINTS = False
    381        TABLE_HINTS = False
    382        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    383        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    384        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    385
    386        TRANSFORMS = {
    387            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    388            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    389            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    390            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    391            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    392            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    393            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    394            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    395            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    396            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    397            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    398            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    399            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    400            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    401            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    402            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    403            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    404            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    405            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    406            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    407            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    408            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    409            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    410            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    411            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    412            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    413                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    414                e.this,
    415                e.expression,
    416                e.args.get("position"),
    417                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    418            ),
    419            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    420            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    421            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    422                [
    423                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    424                    _unqualify_unnest,
    425                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    426                    _alias_ordered_group,
    427                ]
    428            ),
    429            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    430            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    431            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    432            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    433            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    434                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    435            ),
    436            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    437            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    438            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    439            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    440            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    441            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    442            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    443            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    444            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    445            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    446            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    447        }
    448
    449        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    450            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    451            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    452            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    453            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    454            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    455            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    456            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    457            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    458            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    459            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    460            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    461            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    462            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    463            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    464            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    465            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    466            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    467            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    468            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    469            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    470            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    471        }
    472
    473        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    474            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    475            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    476            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    477        }
    478
    479        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    480        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    481            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    482            "all",
    483            "and",
    484            "any",
    485            "array",
    486            "as",
    487            "asc",
    488            "assert_rows_modified",
    489            "at",
    490            "between",
    491            "by",
    492            "case",
    493            "cast",
    494            "collate",
    495            "contains",
    496            "create",
    497            "cross",
    498            "cube",
    499            "current",
    500            "default",
    501            "define",
    502            "desc",
    503            "distinct",
    504            "else",
    505            "end",
    506            "enum",
    507            "escape",
    508            "except",
    509            "exclude",
    510            "exists",
    511            "extract",
    512            "false",
    513            "fetch",
    514            "following",
    515            "for",
    516            "from",
    517            "full",
    518            "group",
    519            "grouping",
    520            "groups",
    521            "hash",
    522            "having",
    523            "if",
    524            "ignore",
    525            "in",
    526            "inner",
    527            "intersect",
    528            "interval",
    529            "into",
    530            "is",
    531            "join",
    532            "lateral",
    533            "left",
    534            "like",
    535            "limit",
    536            "lookup",
    537            "merge",
    538            "natural",
    539            "new",
    540            "no",
    541            "not",
    542            "null",
    543            "nulls",
    544            "of",
    545            "on",
    546            "or",
    547            "order",
    548            "outer",
    549            "over",
    550            "partition",
    551            "preceding",
    552            "proto",
    553            "qualify",
    554            "range",
    555            "recursive",
    556            "respect",
    557            "right",
    558            "rollup",
    559            "rows",
    560            "select",
    561            "set",
    562            "some",
    563            "struct",
    564            "tablesample",
    565            "then",
    566            "to",
    567            "treat",
    568            "true",
    569            "unbounded",
    570            "union",
    571            "unnest",
    572            "using",
    573            "when",
    574            "where",
    575            "window",
    576            "with",
    577            "within",
    578        }
    579
    580        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    581            parent = expression.parent
    582
    583            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    584            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    585            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    586                return self.func(
    587                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    588                )
    589
    590            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    591
    592        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    593            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    594
    595        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    596            if expression.alias_column_names:
    597                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    598            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    599
    600        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    601            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    602            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    603                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    604
    605            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    606
    607        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    608            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    609
    610        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    611            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    612
    613        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    614            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    615
    616        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    617            return self.sql(expression)
    618
    619        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    620            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    621                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    622            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    623
    624        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    625            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    626                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    627            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    628
    629        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    630            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = None
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
@classmethod
def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    213    @classmethod
    214    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    215        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    216        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    217        # not they're qualified.
    218        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    219            parent = expression.parent
    220
    221            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    222                parent = parent.parent
    223
    224            if (
    225                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    226                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    227                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    228            ):
    229                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    230
    231        return expression

Normalizes an unquoted identifier to either lower or upper case, thus essentially making it case-insensitive. If a dialect treats all identifiers as case-insensitive, they will be normalized regardless of being quoted or not.

tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START = None
BIT_END = None
HEX_START = '0x'
HEX_END = ''
BYTE_START = "b'"
BYTE_END = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  TIME_FORMAT
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    233    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    234        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    235        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    236        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    237        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    238
    239        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    240
    241        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    242            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    243        ]
    244
    245        RAW_STRINGS = [
    246            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    247        ]
    248
    249        KEYWORDS = {
    250            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    251            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    252            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    253            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    254            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    255            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    256            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    257            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    258            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    259            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    260            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    261            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    262            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    263        }
    264        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")

QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'IF': <TokenType.IF: 'IF'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NEXT VALUE FOR': <TokenType.NEXT_VALUE_FOR: 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  ENCODE
  reset
  tokenize
  peek
  size
  sql
  tokens

class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    266    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    267        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    268
    269        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    270        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    271
    272        FUNCTIONS = {
    273            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    274            "DATE": _parse_date,
    275            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    276            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    277            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    278                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    279                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    280            ),
    281            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    282            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    283            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
    284            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    285            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    286            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    287            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    288                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    289            ),
    290            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    291            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    292            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    293                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    294                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    295                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    296                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    297                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    298                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    299                else None,
    300            ),
    301            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    302                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    303                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    304                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    305            ),
    306            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    307            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    308            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    309            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    310            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    311        }
    312
    313        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    314            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    315            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    316        }
    317        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    318
    319        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    320            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    321            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    322        }
    323
    324        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    325            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    326            TokenType.TABLE,
    327        }
    328
    329        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    330            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    331            TokenType.VALUES,
    332        }
    333
    334        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    335            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    336            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    337                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    338            ),
    339            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    340        }
    341
    342        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    343            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    344            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    345        }
    346
    347        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    348            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
    349
    350            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    351            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    352                table_name = this.name
    353                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    354                    self._advance(2)
    355                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    356
    357                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    358
    359            return this
    360
    361        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    362            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    363            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    364                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    365                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    366                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    367                )
    368
    369                if rest and this:
    370                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    371
    372                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    373
    374            return table

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _parse_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'DIV': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _parse_to_hex>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.IF: 'IF'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY: bool = True
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  MODIFIABLES
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KINDS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    376    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    377        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    378        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    379        JOIN_HINTS = False
    380        QUERY_HINTS = False
    381        TABLE_HINTS = False
    382        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    383        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    384        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    385
    386        TRANSFORMS = {
    387            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    388            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    389            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    390            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    391            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    392            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    393            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    394            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    395            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    396            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    397            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    398            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    399            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    400            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    401            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    402            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    403            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    404            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    405            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    406            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    407            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    408            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    409            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    410            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    411            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    412            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    413                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    414                e.this,
    415                e.expression,
    416                e.args.get("position"),
    417                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    418            ),
    419            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    420            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    421            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    422                [
    423                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    424                    _unqualify_unnest,
    425                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    426                    _alias_ordered_group,
    427                ]
    428            ),
    429            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    430            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    431            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    432            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    433            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    434                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    435            ),
    436            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    437            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    438            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    439            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    440            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    441            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    442            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    443            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    444            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    445            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    446            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    447        }
    448
    449        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    450            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    451            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    452            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    453            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    454            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    455            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    456            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    457            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    458            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    459            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    460            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    461            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    462            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    463            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    464            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    465            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    466            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    467            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    468            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    469            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    470            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    471        }
    472
    473        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    474            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    475            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    476            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    477        }
    478
    479        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    480        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    481            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    482            "all",
    483            "and",
    484            "any",
    485            "array",
    486            "as",
    487            "asc",
    488            "assert_rows_modified",
    489            "at",
    490            "between",
    491            "by",
    492            "case",
    493            "cast",
    494            "collate",
    495            "contains",
    496            "create",
    497            "cross",
    498            "cube",
    499            "current",
    500            "default",
    501            "define",
    502            "desc",
    503            "distinct",
    504            "else",
    505            "end",
    506            "enum",
    507            "escape",
    508            "except",
    509            "exclude",
    510            "exists",
    511            "extract",
    512            "false",
    513            "fetch",
    514            "following",
    515            "for",
    516            "from",
    517            "full",
    518            "group",
    519            "grouping",
    520            "groups",
    521            "hash",
    522            "having",
    523            "if",
    524            "ignore",
    525            "in",
    526            "inner",
    527            "intersect",
    528            "interval",
    529            "into",
    530            "is",
    531            "join",
    532            "lateral",
    533            "left",
    534            "like",
    535            "limit",
    536            "lookup",
    537            "merge",
    538            "natural",
    539            "new",
    540            "no",
    541            "not",
    542            "null",
    543            "nulls",
    544            "of",
    545            "on",
    546            "or",
    547            "order",
    548            "outer",
    549            "over",
    550            "partition",
    551            "preceding",
    552            "proto",
    553            "qualify",
    554            "range",
    555            "recursive",
    556            "respect",
    557            "right",
    558            "rollup",
    559            "rows",
    560            "select",
    561            "set",
    562            "some",
    563            "struct",
    564            "tablesample",
    565            "then",
    566            "to",
    567            "treat",
    568            "true",
    569            "unbounded",
    570            "union",
    571            "unnest",
    572            "using",
    573            "when",
    574            "where",
    575            "window",
    576            "with",
    577            "within",
    578        }
    579
    580        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    581            parent = expression.parent
    582
    583            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    584            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    585            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    586                return self.func(
    587                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    588                )
    589
    590            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    591
    592        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    593            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    594
    595        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    596            if expression.alias_column_names:
    597                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    598            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    599
    600        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    601            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    602            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    603                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    604
    605            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    606
    607        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    608            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    609
    610        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    611            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    612
    613        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    614            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    615
    616        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    617            return self.sql(expression)
    618
    619        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    620            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    621                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    622            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    623
    624        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    625            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    626                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    627            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    628
    629        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    630            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

EXPLICIT_UNION = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'exists', 'into', 'by', 'at', 'following', 'lookup', 'with', 'full', 'join', 'escape', 'if', 'except', 'exclude', 'qualify', 'is', 'from', 'order', 'as', 'like', 'partition', 'create', 'asc', 'between', 'enum', 'ignore', 'using', 'then', 'else', 'right', 'all', 'some', 'recursive', 'having', 'nulls', 'over', 'rows', 'in', 'when', 'for', 'tablesample', 'null', 'groups', 'select', 'struct', 'left', 'union', 'distinct', 'to', 'within', 'desc', 'intersect', 'current', 'cast', 'on', 'not', 'unnest', 'of', 'contains', 'outer', 'interval', 'and', 'window', 'assert_rows_modified', 'collate', 'cross', 'any', 'default', 'merge', 'or', 'cube', 'range', 'inner', 'natural', 'treat', 'no', 'rollup', 'true', 'group', 'fetch', 'extract', 'hash', 'end', 'lateral', 'respect', 'set', 'unbounded', 'new', 'limit', 'array', 'false', 'where', 'proto', 'case', 'grouping', 'define', 'preceding'}
def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str: View Source

    580        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    581            parent = expression.parent
    582
    583            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    584            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    585            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    586                return self.func(
    587                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    588                )
    589
    590            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    592        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    593            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")

def cte_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CTE) -> str: View Source

    595        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    596            if expression.alias_column_names:
    597                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    598            return super().cte_sql(expression)

def array_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Array) -> str: View Source

    600        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    601            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    602            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    603                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    604
    605            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)

def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    607        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    608            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"

def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    610        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    611            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"

def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    613        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    614            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"

def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    616        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    617            return self.sql(expression)

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    619        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    620            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    621                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    622            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    624        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    625            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    626                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    627            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    629        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    630            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
@classmethod
def can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool: View Source

    246    @classmethod
    247    def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
    248        """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
    249
    250        Args:
    251            text: The text to check.
    252            identify:
    253                "always" or `True`: Always returns true.
    254                "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
    255
    256        Returns:
    257            Whether or not the given text can be identified.
    258        """
    259        if identify is True or identify == "always":
    260            return True
    261
    262        if identify == "safe":
    263            return not cls.case_sensitive(text)
    264
    265        return False

Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.

###### Arguments:

- text: The text to check.
- identify: "always" or `True`: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.

###### Returns:

> Whether or not the given text can be identified.

QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
STRING_ESCAPE = '\\'
IDENTIFIER_ESCAPE = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  SELECT_KINDS
  STAR_MAPPING
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypesize_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_having_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
  safebracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  safeconcat_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  aliases_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  altertable_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  safedpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  or_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  set_operation
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql