sqlglot.dialects.bigquery API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import logging
      4import re
      5import typing as t
      6
      7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      8from sqlglot._typing import E
      9from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
     10    Dialect,
     11    binary_from_function,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    format_time_lambda,
     14    inline_array_sql,
     15    max_or_greatest,
     16    min_or_least,
     17    no_ilike_sql,
     18    parse_date_delta_with_interval,
     19    regexp_replace_sql,
     20    rename_func,
     21    timestrtotime_sql,
     22    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
     23)
     24from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
     25from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     26
     27logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
     28
     29
     30def _date_add_sql(
     31    data_type: str, kind: str
     32) -> t.Callable[[generator.Generator, exp.Expression], str]:
     33    def func(self, expression):
     34        this = self.sql(expression, "this")
     35        unit = expression.args.get("unit")
     36        unit = exp.var(unit.name.upper() if unit else "DAY")
     37        interval = exp.Interval(this=expression.expression.copy(), unit=unit)
     38        return f"{data_type}_{kind}({this}, {self.sql(interval)})"
     39
     40    return func
     41
     42
     43def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
     44    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
     45        return self.values_sql(expression)
     46
     47    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     48
     49    structs = [
     50        exp.Struct(
     51            expressions=[
     52                exp.alias_(value, column_name)
     53                for value, column_name in zip(
     54                    t.expressions,
     55                    alias.columns
     56                    if alias and alias.columns
     57                    else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(t.expressions))),
     58                )
     59            ]
     60        )
     61        for t in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple)
     62    ]
     63
     64    return self.unnest_sql(exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.Array(expressions=structs)]))
     65
     66
     67def _returnsproperty_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
     68    this = expression.this
     69    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
     70        this = f"{this.this} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
     71    else:
     72        this = self.sql(this)
     73    return f"RETURNS {this}"
     74
     75
     76def _create_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
     77    kind = expression.args["kind"]
     78    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
     79
     80    if kind.upper() == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
     81        expression = expression.copy()
     82        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
     83
     84        if isinstance(expression.expression, (exp.Subquery, exp.Literal)):
     85            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
     86
     87        return self.create_sql(expression)
     88
     89    return self.create_sql(expression)
     90
     91
     92def _unqualify_unnest(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     93    """Remove references to unnest table aliases since bigquery doesn't allow them.
     94
     95    These are added by the optimizer's qualify_column step.
     96    """
     97    from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import Scope
     98
     99    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
    100        for unnest in expression.find_all(exp.Unnest):
    101            if isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join)) and unnest.alias:
    102                for column in Scope(expression).find_all(exp.Column):
    103                    if column.table == unnest.alias:
    104                        column.set("table", None)
    105
    106    return expression
    107
    108
    109# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
    110# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
    111# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
    112# SELECT y + 1 z
    113# FROM x
    114# GROUP BY x + 1
    115# ORDER by z
    116def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    117    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
    118        group = expression.args.get("group")
    119        order = expression.args.get("order")
    120
    121        if group and order:
    122            aliases = {
    123                select.this: select.args["alias"]
    124                for select in expression.selects
    125                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
    126            }
    127
    128            for e in group.expressions:
    129                alias = aliases.get(e)
    130
    131                if alias:
    132                    e.replace(exp.column(alias))
    133
    134    return expression
    135
    136
    137def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    138    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
    139    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
    140        cte_query = expression.this
    141
    142        if cte_query.is_star:
    143            logger.warning(
    144                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
    145                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
    146            )
    147            return expression
    148
    149        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
    150        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
    151
    152        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
    153            to_replace = select
    154
    155            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
    156                select = select.this
    157
    158            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
    159            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
    160
    161    return expression
    162
    163
    164def _parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
    165    this = format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
    166    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
    167    return this
    168
    169
    170def _parse_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
    171    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
    172    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
    173
    174
    175def _parse_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
    176    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
    177    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
    178    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.Hex(this=arg)
    179
    180
    181class BigQuery(Dialect):
    182    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    183
    184    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    185    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    186
    187    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    188    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    189
    190    TIME_MAPPING = {
    191        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    192    }
    193
    194    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    195        "DD": "%d",
    196        "MM": "%m",
    197        "MON": "%b",
    198        "MONTH": "%B",
    199        "YYYY": "%Y",
    200        "YY": "%y",
    201        "HH": "%I",
    202        "HH12": "%I",
    203        "HH24": "%H",
    204        "MI": "%M",
    205        "SS": "%S",
    206        "SSSSS": "%f",
    207        "TZH": "%z",
    208    }
    209
    210    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    211    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    212    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    213
    214    @classmethod
    215    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    216        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    217        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    218        # not they're qualified.
    219        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    220            parent = expression.parent
    221
    222            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    223                parent = parent.parent
    224
    225            if (
    226                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    227                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    228                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    229            ):
    230                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    231
    232        return expression
    233
    234    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    235        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    236        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    237        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    238        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    239
    240        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    241
    242        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    243            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    244        ]
    245
    246        RAW_STRINGS = [
    247            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    248        ]
    249
    250        KEYWORDS = {
    251            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    252            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    253            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    254            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    255            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    256            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    257            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    258            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    259            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    260            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    261            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    262            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    263            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    264        }
    265        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    266
    267    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    268        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    269
    270        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    271        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    272
    273        FUNCTIONS = {
    274            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    275            "DATE": _parse_date,
    276            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    277            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    278            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    279                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    280                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    281            ),
    282            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    283            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    284            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    285            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    286            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    287            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    288            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    289                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    290            ),
    291            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    292            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    293            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    294                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    295                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    296                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    297                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    298                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    299                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    300                else None,
    301            ),
    302            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    303                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    304                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    305                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    306            ),
    307            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    308            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    309            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    310            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    311            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    312        }
    313
    314        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    315            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    316            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    317        }
    318        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    319
    320        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    321            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    322            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    323        }
    324
    325        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    326            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    327            TokenType.TABLE,
    328        }
    329
    330        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    331            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    332            TokenType.VALUES,
    333        }
    334
    335        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    336            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    337            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    338                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    339            ),
    340            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    341        }
    342
    343        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    344            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    345            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    346        }
    347
    348        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    349            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
    350
    351            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    352            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    353                table_name = this.name
    354                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    355                    self._advance(2)
    356                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    357
    358                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    359
    360            return this
    361
    362        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    363            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    364            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    365                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    366                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    367                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    368                )
    369
    370                if rest and this:
    371                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    372
    373                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    374
    375            return table
    376
    377    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    378        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    379        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    380        JOIN_HINTS = False
    381        QUERY_HINTS = False
    382        TABLE_HINTS = False
    383        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    384        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    385        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    386
    387        TRANSFORMS = {
    388            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    389            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    390            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    391            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    392            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    393            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    394            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    395            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    396            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    397            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    398            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    399            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    400            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    401            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    402            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    403            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    404            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    405            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    406            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    407            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    408            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    409            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    410            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    411            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    412            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    413            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    414                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    415                e.this,
    416                e.expression,
    417                e.args.get("position"),
    418                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    419            ),
    420            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    421            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    422            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    423            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    424                [
    425                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    426                    _unqualify_unnest,
    427                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    428                    _alias_ordered_group,
    429                ]
    430            ),
    431            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    432            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    433            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    434            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    435            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    436                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    437            ),
    438            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    439            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    440            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    441            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    442            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    443            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    444            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    445            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    446            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    447            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    448            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    449        }
    450
    451        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    452            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    453            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    454            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    455            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    456            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    457            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    458            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    459            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    460            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    461            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    462            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    463            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    464            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    465            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    466            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    467            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    468            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    469            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    470            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    471            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    472            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    473        }
    474
    475        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    476            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    477            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    478            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    479        }
    480
    481        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    482        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    483            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    484            "all",
    485            "and",
    486            "any",
    487            "array",
    488            "as",
    489            "asc",
    490            "assert_rows_modified",
    491            "at",
    492            "between",
    493            "by",
    494            "case",
    495            "cast",
    496            "collate",
    497            "contains",
    498            "create",
    499            "cross",
    500            "cube",
    501            "current",
    502            "default",
    503            "define",
    504            "desc",
    505            "distinct",
    506            "else",
    507            "end",
    508            "enum",
    509            "escape",
    510            "except",
    511            "exclude",
    512            "exists",
    513            "extract",
    514            "false",
    515            "fetch",
    516            "following",
    517            "for",
    518            "from",
    519            "full",
    520            "group",
    521            "grouping",
    522            "groups",
    523            "hash",
    524            "having",
    525            "if",
    526            "ignore",
    527            "in",
    528            "inner",
    529            "intersect",
    530            "interval",
    531            "into",
    532            "is",
    533            "join",
    534            "lateral",
    535            "left",
    536            "like",
    537            "limit",
    538            "lookup",
    539            "merge",
    540            "natural",
    541            "new",
    542            "no",
    543            "not",
    544            "null",
    545            "nulls",
    546            "of",
    547            "on",
    548            "or",
    549            "order",
    550            "outer",
    551            "over",
    552            "partition",
    553            "preceding",
    554            "proto",
    555            "qualify",
    556            "range",
    557            "recursive",
    558            "respect",
    559            "right",
    560            "rollup",
    561            "rows",
    562            "select",
    563            "set",
    564            "some",
    565            "struct",
    566            "tablesample",
    567            "then",
    568            "to",
    569            "treat",
    570            "true",
    571            "unbounded",
    572            "union",
    573            "unnest",
    574            "using",
    575            "when",
    576            "where",
    577            "window",
    578            "with",
    579            "within",
    580        }
    581
    582        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    583            parent = expression.parent
    584
    585            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    586            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    587            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    588                return self.func(
    589                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    590                )
    591
    592            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    593
    594        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    595            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    596
    597        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    598            if expression.alias_column_names:
    599                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    600            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    601
    602        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    603            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    604            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    605                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    606
    607            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    608
    609        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    610            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    611
    612        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    613            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    614
    615        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    616            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    617
    618        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    619            return self.sql(expression)
    620
    621        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    622            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    623                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    624            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    625
    626        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    627            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    628                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    629            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    630
    631        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    632            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    182class BigQuery(Dialect):
    183    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    184
    185    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    186    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    187
    188    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    189    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    190
    191    TIME_MAPPING = {
    192        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    193    }
    194
    195    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    196        "DD": "%d",
    197        "MM": "%m",
    198        "MON": "%b",
    199        "MONTH": "%B",
    200        "YYYY": "%Y",
    201        "YY": "%y",
    202        "HH": "%I",
    203        "HH12": "%I",
    204        "HH24": "%H",
    205        "MI": "%M",
    206        "SS": "%S",
    207        "SSSSS": "%f",
    208        "TZH": "%z",
    209    }
    210
    211    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    212    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    213    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    214
    215    @classmethod
    216    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    217        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    218        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    219        # not they're qualified.
    220        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    221            parent = expression.parent
    222
    223            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    224                parent = parent.parent
    225
    226            if (
    227                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    228                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    229                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    230            ):
    231                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    232
    233        return expression
    234
    235    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    236        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    237        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    238        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    239        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    240
    241        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    242
    243        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    244            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    245        ]
    246
    247        RAW_STRINGS = [
    248            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    249        ]
    250
    251        KEYWORDS = {
    252            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    253            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    254            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    255            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    256            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    257            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    258            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    259            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    260            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    261            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    262            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    263            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    264            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    265        }
    266        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    267
    268    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    269        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    270
    271        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    272        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    273
    274        FUNCTIONS = {
    275            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    276            "DATE": _parse_date,
    277            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    278            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    279            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    280                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    281                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    282            ),
    283            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    284            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    285            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    286            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    287            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    288            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    289            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    290                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    291            ),
    292            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    293            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    294            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    295                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    296                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    297                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    298                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    299                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    300                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    301                else None,
    302            ),
    303            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    304                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    305                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    306                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    307            ),
    308            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    309            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    310            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    311            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    312            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    313        }
    314
    315        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    316            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    317            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    318        }
    319        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    320
    321        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    322            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    323            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    324        }
    325
    326        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    327            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    328            TokenType.TABLE,
    329        }
    330
    331        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    332            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    333            TokenType.VALUES,
    334        }
    335
    336        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    337            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    338            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    339                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    340            ),
    341            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    342        }
    343
    344        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    345            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    346            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    347        }
    348
    349        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    350            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
    351
    352            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    353            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    354                table_name = this.name
    355                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    356                    self._advance(2)
    357                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    358
    359                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    360
    361            return this
    362
    363        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    364            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    365            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    366                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    367                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    368                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    369                )
    370
    371                if rest and this:
    372                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    373
    374                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    375
    376            return table
    377
    378    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    379        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    380        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    381        JOIN_HINTS = False
    382        QUERY_HINTS = False
    383        TABLE_HINTS = False
    384        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    385        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    386        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    387
    388        TRANSFORMS = {
    389            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    390            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    391            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    392            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    393            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    394            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    395            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    396            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    397            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    398            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    399            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    400            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    401            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    402            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    403            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    404            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    405            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    406            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    407            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    408            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    409            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    410            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    411            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    412            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    413            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    414            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    415                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    416                e.this,
    417                e.expression,
    418                e.args.get("position"),
    419                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    420            ),
    421            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    422            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    423            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    424            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    425                [
    426                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    427                    _unqualify_unnest,
    428                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    429                    _alias_ordered_group,
    430                ]
    431            ),
    432            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    433            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    434            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    435            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    436            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    437                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    438            ),
    439            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    440            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    441            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    442            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    443            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    444            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    445            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    446            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    447            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    448            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    449            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    450        }
    451
    452        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    453            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    454            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    455            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    456            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    457            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    458            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    459            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    460            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    461            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    462            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    463            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    464            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    465            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    466            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    467            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    468            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    469            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    470            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    471            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    472            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    473            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    474        }
    475
    476        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    477            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    478            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    479            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    480        }
    481
    482        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    483        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    484            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    485            "all",
    486            "and",
    487            "any",
    488            "array",
    489            "as",
    490            "asc",
    491            "assert_rows_modified",
    492            "at",
    493            "between",
    494            "by",
    495            "case",
    496            "cast",
    497            "collate",
    498            "contains",
    499            "create",
    500            "cross",
    501            "cube",
    502            "current",
    503            "default",
    504            "define",
    505            "desc",
    506            "distinct",
    507            "else",
    508            "end",
    509            "enum",
    510            "escape",
    511            "except",
    512            "exclude",
    513            "exists",
    514            "extract",
    515            "false",
    516            "fetch",
    517            "following",
    518            "for",
    519            "from",
    520            "full",
    521            "group",
    522            "grouping",
    523            "groups",
    524            "hash",
    525            "having",
    526            "if",
    527            "ignore",
    528            "in",
    529            "inner",
    530            "intersect",
    531            "interval",
    532            "into",
    533            "is",
    534            "join",
    535            "lateral",
    536            "left",
    537            "like",
    538            "limit",
    539            "lookup",
    540            "merge",
    541            "natural",
    542            "new",
    543            "no",
    544            "not",
    545            "null",
    546            "nulls",
    547            "of",
    548            "on",
    549            "or",
    550            "order",
    551            "outer",
    552            "over",
    553            "partition",
    554            "preceding",
    555            "proto",
    556            "qualify",
    557            "range",
    558            "recursive",
    559            "respect",
    560            "right",
    561            "rollup",
    562            "rows",
    563            "select",
    564            "set",
    565            "some",
    566            "struct",
    567            "tablesample",
    568            "then",
    569            "to",
    570            "treat",
    571            "true",
    572            "unbounded",
    573            "union",
    574            "unnest",
    575            "using",
    576            "when",
    577            "where",
    578            "window",
    579            "with",
    580            "within",
    581        }
    582
    583        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    584            parent = expression.parent
    585
    586            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    587            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    588            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    589                return self.func(
    590                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    591                )
    592
    593            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    594
    595        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    596            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    597
    598        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    599            if expression.alias_column_names:
    600                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    601            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    602
    603        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    604            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    605            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    606                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    607
    608            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    609
    610        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    611            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    612
    613        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    614            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    615
    616        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    617            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    618
    619        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    620            return self.sql(expression)
    621
    622        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    623            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    624                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    625            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    626
    627        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    628            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    629                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    630            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    631
    632        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    633            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = None
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
PSEUDOCOLUMNS: Set[str] = {'_PARTITIONDATE', '_PARTITIONTIME'}
@classmethod
def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    215    @classmethod
    216    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    217        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    218        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    219        # not they're qualified.
    220        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    221            parent = expression.parent
    222
    223            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    224                parent = parent.parent
    225
    226            if (
    227                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    228                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    229                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    230            ):
    231                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    232
    233        return expression

Normalizes an unquoted identifier to either lower or upper case, thus essentially making it case-insensitive. If a dialect treats all identifiers as case-insensitive, they will be normalized regardless of being quoted or not.

tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START = None
BIT_END = None
HEX_START = '0x'
HEX_END = ''
BYTE_START = "b'"
BYTE_END = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  TIME_FORMAT
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    235    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    236        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    237        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    238        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    239        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    240
    241        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    242
    243        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    244            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    245        ]
    246
    247        RAW_STRINGS = [
    248            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    249        ]
    250
    251        KEYWORDS = {
    252            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    253            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    254            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    255            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    256            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    257            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    258            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    259            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    260            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    261            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    262            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    263            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    264            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    265        }
    266        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")

QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'IF': <TokenType.IF: 'IF'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NEXT VALUE FOR': <TokenType.NEXT_VALUE_FOR: 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  ENCODE
  reset
  tokenize
  peek
  size
  sql
  tokens

class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    268    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    269        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    270
    271        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    272        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    273
    274        FUNCTIONS = {
    275            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    276            "DATE": _parse_date,
    277            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    278            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    279            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    280                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    281                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    282            ),
    283            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    284            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    285            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    286            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    287            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    288            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    289            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    290                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    291            ),
    292            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    293            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    294            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    295                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    296                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    297                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    298                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    299                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    300                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    301                else None,
    302            ),
    303            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    304                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    305                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    306                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    307            ),
    308            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    309            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    310            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    311            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    312            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    313        }
    314
    315        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    316            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    317            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    318        }
    319        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    320
    321        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    322            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    323            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    324        }
    325
    326        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    327            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    328            TokenType.TABLE,
    329        }
    330
    331        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    332            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    333            TokenType.VALUES,
    334        }
    335
    336        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    337            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    338            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    339                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    340            ),
    341            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    342        }
    343
    344        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    345            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    346            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    347        }
    348
    349        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    350            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
    351
    352            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    353            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    354                table_name = this.name
    355                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    356                    self._advance(2)
    357                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    358
    359                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    360
    361            return this
    362
    363        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    364            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    365            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    366                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    367                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    368                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    369                )
    370
    371                if rest and this:
    372                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    373
    374                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    375
    376            return table

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _parse_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'DIV': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _parse_to_hex>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.IF: 'IF'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY: bool = True
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  MODIFIABLES
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KINDS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    378    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    379        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    380        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    381        JOIN_HINTS = False
    382        QUERY_HINTS = False
    383        TABLE_HINTS = False
    384        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    385        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    386        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    387
    388        TRANSFORMS = {
    389            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    390            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    391            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    392            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    393            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    394            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    395            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    396            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    397            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    398            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    399            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    400            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    401            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    402            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    403            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    404            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    405            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    406            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    407            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    408            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    409            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    410            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    411            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    412            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    413            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    414            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    415                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    416                e.this,
    417                e.expression,
    418                e.args.get("position"),
    419                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    420            ),
    421            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    422            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    423            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    424            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    425                [
    426                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    427                    _unqualify_unnest,
    428                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    429                    _alias_ordered_group,
    430                ]
    431            ),
    432            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    433            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    434            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    435            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    436            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    437                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    438            ),
    439            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    440            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    441            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    442            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    443            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    444            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    445            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    446            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    447            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    448            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    449            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    450        }
    451
    452        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    453            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    454            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    455            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    456            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    457            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    458            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    459            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    460            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    461            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    462            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    463            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    464            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    465            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    466            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    467            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    468            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    469            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    470            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    471            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    472            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    473            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    474        }
    475
    476        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    477            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    478            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    479            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    480        }
    481
    482        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    483        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    484            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    485            "all",
    486            "and",
    487            "any",
    488            "array",
    489            "as",
    490            "asc",
    491            "assert_rows_modified",
    492            "at",
    493            "between",
    494            "by",
    495            "case",
    496            "cast",
    497            "collate",
    498            "contains",
    499            "create",
    500            "cross",
    501            "cube",
    502            "current",
    503            "default",
    504            "define",
    505            "desc",
    506            "distinct",
    507            "else",
    508            "end",
    509            "enum",
    510            "escape",
    511            "except",
    512            "exclude",
    513            "exists",
    514            "extract",
    515            "false",
    516            "fetch",
    517            "following",
    518            "for",
    519            "from",
    520            "full",
    521            "group",
    522            "grouping",
    523            "groups",
    524            "hash",
    525            "having",
    526            "if",
    527            "ignore",
    528            "in",
    529            "inner",
    530            "intersect",
    531            "interval",
    532            "into",
    533            "is",
    534            "join",
    535            "lateral",
    536            "left",
    537            "like",
    538            "limit",
    539            "lookup",
    540            "merge",
    541            "natural",
    542            "new",
    543            "no",
    544            "not",
    545            "null",
    546            "nulls",
    547            "of",
    548            "on",
    549            "or",
    550            "order",
    551            "outer",
    552            "over",
    553            "partition",
    554            "preceding",
    555            "proto",
    556            "qualify",
    557            "range",
    558            "recursive",
    559            "respect",
    560            "right",
    561            "rollup",
    562            "rows",
    563            "select",
    564            "set",
    565            "some",
    566            "struct",
    567            "tablesample",
    568            "then",
    569            "to",
    570            "treat",
    571            "true",
    572            "unbounded",
    573            "union",
    574            "unnest",
    575            "using",
    576            "when",
    577            "where",
    578            "window",
    579            "with",
    580            "within",
    581        }
    582
    583        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    584            parent = expression.parent
    585
    586            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    587            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    588            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    589                return self.func(
    590                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    591                )
    592
    593            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    594
    595        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    596            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    597
    598        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    599            if expression.alias_column_names:
    600                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    601            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    602
    603        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    604            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    605            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    606                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    607
    608            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    609
    610        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    611            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    612
    613        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    614            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    615
    616        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    617            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    618
    619        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    620            return self.sql(expression)
    621
    622        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    623            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    624                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    625            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    626
    627        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    628            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    629                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    630            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    631
    632        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    633            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

EXPLICIT_UNION = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'current', 'order', 'treat', 'using', 'between', 'exclude', 'new', 'into', 'having', 'outer', 'else', 'in', 'to', 'respect', 'on', 'default', 'exists', 'null', 'set', 'unbounded', 'of', 'case', 'fetch', 'preceding', 'nulls', 'collate', 'end', 'no', 'full', 'enum', 'rollup', 'when', 'like', 'false', 'contains', 'from', 'unnest', 'as', 'following', 'intersect', 'partition', 'define', 'create', 'cross', 'proto', 'assert_rows_modified', 'cube', 'at', 'desc', 'is', 'with', 'and', 'for', 'natural', 'merge', 'rows', 'except', 'distinct', 'asc', 'over', 'ignore', 'inner', 'right', 'join', 'then', 'or', 'recursive', 'groups', 'interval', 'group', 'range', 'union', 'extract', 'select', 'lookup', 'hash', 'lateral', 'if', 'true', 'array', 'within', 'where', 'left', 'struct', 'cast', 'by', 'tablesample', 'limit', 'all', 'any', 'qualify', 'window', 'grouping', 'not', 'some', 'escape'}
def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str: View Source

    583        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    584            parent = expression.parent
    585
    586            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    587            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    588            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    589                return self.func(
    590                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    591                )
    592
    593            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    595        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    596            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")

def cte_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CTE) -> str: View Source

    598        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    599            if expression.alias_column_names:
    600                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    601            return super().cte_sql(expression)

def array_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Array) -> str: View Source

    603        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    604            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    605            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    606                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    607
    608            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)

def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    610        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    611            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"

def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    613        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    614            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"

def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    616        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    617            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"

def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    619        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    620            return self.sql(expression)

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    622        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    623            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    624                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    625            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    627        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    628            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    629                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    630            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    632        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    633            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
@classmethod
def can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool: View Source

    253    @classmethod
    254    def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
    255        """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
    256
    257        Args:
    258            text: The text to check.
    259            identify:
    260                "always" or `True`: Always returns true.
    261                "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
    262
    263        Returns:
    264            Whether or not the given text can be identified.
    265        """
    266        if identify is True or identify == "always":
    267            return True
    268
    269        if identify == "safe":
    270            return not cls.case_sensitive(text)
    271
    272        return False

Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.

###### Arguments:

- text: The text to check.
- identify: "always" or `True`: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.

###### Returns:

> Whether or not the given text can be identified.

QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
STRING_ESCAPE = '\\'
IDENTIFIER_ESCAPE = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  SELECT_KINDS
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  STAR_MAPPING
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypesize_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_having_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
  safebracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  safeconcat_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  aliases_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  altertable_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  safedpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  or_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  set_operation
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql