sqlglot.dialects.clickhouse API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.clickhouse

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    inline_array_sql,
      9    no_pivot_sql,
     10    rename_func,
     11    var_map_sql,
     12)
     13from sqlglot.errors import ParseError
     14from sqlglot.parser import parse_var_map
     15from sqlglot.tokens import Token, TokenType
     16
     17
     18def _lower_func(sql: str) -> str:
     19    index = sql.index("(")
     20    return sql[:index].lower() + sql[index:]
     21
     22
     23class ClickHouse(Dialect):
     24    normalize_functions = None
     25    null_ordering = "nulls_are_last"
     26
     27    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     28        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", "#!", ("/*", "*/")]
     29        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', "`"]
     30        BIT_STRINGS = [("0b", "")]
     31        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
     32
     33        KEYWORDS = {
     34            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     35            "ASOF": TokenType.ASOF,
     36            "ATTACH": TokenType.COMMAND,
     37            "DATETIME64": TokenType.DATETIME64,
     38            "FINAL": TokenType.FINAL,
     39            "FLOAT32": TokenType.FLOAT,
     40            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     41            "GLOBAL": TokenType.GLOBAL,
     42            "INT128": TokenType.INT128,
     43            "INT16": TokenType.SMALLINT,
     44            "INT256": TokenType.INT256,
     45            "INT32": TokenType.INT,
     46            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
     47            "INT8": TokenType.TINYINT,
     48            "MAP": TokenType.MAP,
     49            "TUPLE": TokenType.STRUCT,
     50            "UINT128": TokenType.UINT128,
     51            "UINT16": TokenType.USMALLINT,
     52            "UINT256": TokenType.UINT256,
     53            "UINT32": TokenType.UINT,
     54            "UINT64": TokenType.UBIGINT,
     55            "UINT8": TokenType.UTINYINT,
     56        }
     57
     58    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     59        FUNCTIONS = {
     60            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     61            "ANY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
     62            "MAP": parse_var_map,
     63            "MATCH": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     64            "UNIQ": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
     65        }
     66
     67        FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS = {*parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS, "TUPLE"}
     68
     69        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     70            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     71            "QUANTILE": lambda self: self._parse_quantile(),
     72        }
     73
     74        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("MATCH")
     75
     76        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
     77        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.ANY)
     78
     79        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     80            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     81            TokenType.GLOBAL: lambda self, this: self._match(TokenType.IN)
     82            and self._parse_in(this, is_global=True),
     83        }
     84
     85        # The PLACEHOLDER entry is popped because 1) it doesn't affect Clickhouse (it corresponds to
     86        # the postgres-specific JSONBContains parser) and 2) it makes parsing the ternary op simpler.
     87        COLUMN_OPERATORS = parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS.copy()
     88        COLUMN_OPERATORS.pop(TokenType.PLACEHOLDER)
     89
     90        JOIN_KINDS = {
     91            *parser.Parser.JOIN_KINDS,
     92            TokenType.ANY,
     93            TokenType.ASOF,
     94            TokenType.ANTI,
     95            TokenType.SEMI,
     96        }
     97
     98        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {*parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS} - {
     99            TokenType.ANY,
    100            TokenType.ASOF,
    101            TokenType.SEMI,
    102            TokenType.ANTI,
    103            TokenType.SETTINGS,
    104            TokenType.FORMAT,
    105        }
    106
    107        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    108
    109        QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = {
    110            **parser.Parser.QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS,
    111            "settings": lambda self: self._parse_csv(self._parse_conjunction)
    112            if self._match(TokenType.SETTINGS)
    113            else None,
    114            "format": lambda self: self._parse_id_var() if self._match(TokenType.FORMAT) else None,
    115        }
    116
    117        def _parse_conjunction(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    118            this = super()._parse_conjunction()
    119
    120            if self._match(TokenType.PLACEHOLDER):
    121                return self.expression(
    122                    exp.If,
    123                    this=this,
    124                    true=self._parse_conjunction(),
    125                    false=self._match(TokenType.COLON) and self._parse_conjunction(),
    126                )
    127
    128            return this
    129
    130        def _parse_placeholder(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    131            """
    132            Parse a placeholder expression like SELECT {abc: UInt32} or FROM {table: Identifier}
    133            https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/syntax#defining-and-using-query-parameters
    134            """
    135            if not self._match(TokenType.L_BRACE):
    136                return None
    137
    138            this = self._parse_id_var()
    139            self._match(TokenType.COLON)
    140            kind = self._parse_types(check_func=False) or (
    141                self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER") and "Identifier"
    142            )
    143
    144            if not kind:
    145                self.raise_error("Expecting a placeholder type or 'Identifier' for tables")
    146            elif not self._match(TokenType.R_BRACE):
    147                self.raise_error("Expecting }")
    148
    149            return self.expression(exp.Placeholder, this=this, kind=kind)
    150
    151        def _parse_in(
    152            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression], is_global: bool = False
    153        ) -> exp.Expression:
    154            this = super()._parse_in(this)
    155            this.set("is_global", is_global)
    156            return this
    157
    158        def _parse_table(
    159            self, schema: bool = False, alias_tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None
    160        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    161            this = super()._parse_table(schema=schema, alias_tokens=alias_tokens)
    162
    163            if self._match(TokenType.FINAL):
    164                this = self.expression(exp.Final, this=this)
    165
    166            return this
    167
    168        def _parse_position(self, haystack_first: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    169            return super()._parse_position(haystack_first=True)
    170
    171        # https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/select/with/
    172        def _parse_cte(self) -> exp.Expression:
    173            index = self._index
    174            try:
    175                # WITH <identifier> AS <subquery expression>
    176                return super()._parse_cte()
    177            except ParseError:
    178                # WITH <expression> AS <identifier>
    179                self._retreat(index)
    180                statement = self._parse_statement()
    181
    182                if statement and isinstance(statement.this, exp.Alias):
    183                    self.raise_error("Expected CTE to have alias")
    184
    185                return self.expression(exp.CTE, this=statement, alias=statement and statement.this)
    186
    187        def _parse_join_side_and_kind(
    188            self,
    189        ) -> t.Tuple[t.Optional[Token], t.Optional[Token], t.Optional[Token]]:
    190            is_global = self._match(TokenType.GLOBAL) and self._prev
    191            kind_pre = self._match_set(self.JOIN_KINDS, advance=False) and self._prev
    192            if kind_pre:
    193                kind = self._match_set(self.JOIN_KINDS) and self._prev
    194                side = self._match_set(self.JOIN_SIDES) and self._prev
    195                return is_global, side, kind
    196            return (
    197                is_global,
    198                self._match_set(self.JOIN_SIDES) and self._prev,
    199                self._match_set(self.JOIN_KINDS) and self._prev,
    200            )
    201
    202        def _parse_join(self, skip_join_token: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    203            join = super()._parse_join(skip_join_token)
    204
    205            if join:
    206                join.set("global", join.args.pop("natural", None))
    207            return join
    208
    209        def _parse_function(
    210            self, functions: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Callable]] = None, anonymous: bool = False
    211        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    212            func = super()._parse_function(functions, anonymous)
    213
    214            if isinstance(func, exp.Anonymous):
    215                params = self._parse_func_params(func)
    216
    217                if params:
    218                    return self.expression(
    219                        exp.ParameterizedAgg,
    220                        this=func.this,
    221                        expressions=func.expressions,
    222                        params=params,
    223                    )
    224
    225            return func
    226
    227        def _parse_func_params(
    228            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Func] = None
    229        ) -> t.Optional[t.List[t.Optional[exp.Expression]]]:
    230            if self._match_pair(TokenType.R_PAREN, TokenType.L_PAREN):
    231                return self._parse_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    232            if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN):
    233                params = self._parse_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    234                self._match_r_paren(this)
    235                return params
    236            return None
    237
    238        def _parse_quantile(self) -> exp.Quantile:
    239            this = self._parse_lambda()
    240            params = self._parse_func_params()
    241            if params:
    242                return self.expression(exp.Quantile, this=params[0], quantile=this)
    243            return self.expression(exp.Quantile, this=this, quantile=exp.Literal.number(0.5))
    244
    245        def _parse_wrapped_id_vars(
    246            self, optional: bool = False
    247        ) -> t.List[t.Optional[exp.Expression]]:
    248            return super()._parse_wrapped_id_vars(optional=True)
    249
    250    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    251        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    252
    253        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    254            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    255            exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY: "Array",
    256            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "Int64",
    257            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "DateTime64",
    258            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "Float64",
    259            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "Float32",
    260            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "Int32",
    261            exp.DataType.Type.INT128: "Int128",
    262            exp.DataType.Type.INT256: "Int256",
    263            exp.DataType.Type.MAP: "Map",
    264            exp.DataType.Type.NULLABLE: "Nullable",
    265            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "Int16",
    266            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "Tuple",
    267            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "Int8",
    268            exp.DataType.Type.UBIGINT: "UInt64",
    269            exp.DataType.Type.UINT: "UInt32",
    270            exp.DataType.Type.UINT128: "UInt128",
    271            exp.DataType.Type.UINT256: "UInt256",
    272            exp.DataType.Type.USMALLINT: "UInt16",
    273            exp.DataType.Type.UTINYINT: "UInt8",
    274        }
    275
    276        TRANSFORMS = {
    277            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    278            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("any"),
    279            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("uniq"),
    280            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    281            exp.CastToStrType: rename_func("CAST"),
    282            exp.Final: lambda self, e: f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} FINAL",
    283            exp.Map: lambda self, e: _lower_func(var_map_sql(self, e)),
    284            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    285            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    286            exp.Quantile: lambda self, e: self.func("quantile", e.args.get("quantile"))
    287            + f"({self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    288            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: f"match({self.format_args(e.this, e.expression)})",
    289            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: f"position({self.format_args(e.this, e.args.get('substr'), e.args.get('position'))})",
    290            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: _lower_func(var_map_sql(self, e)),
    291        }
    292
    293        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    294            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    295            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    296            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    297        }
    298
    299        JOIN_HINTS = False
    300        TABLE_HINTS = False
    301        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    302        GROUPINGS_SEP = ""
    303
    304        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    305            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Alias):
    306                return self.sql(expression, "this")
    307
    308            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    309
    310        def after_limit_modifiers(self, expression: exp.Expression) -> t.List[str]:
    311            return super().after_limit_modifiers(expression) + [
    312                self.seg("SETTINGS ") + self.expressions(expression, key="settings", flat=True)
    313                if expression.args.get("settings")
    314                else "",
    315                self.seg("FORMAT ") + self.sql(expression, "format")
    316                if expression.args.get("format")
    317                else "",
    318            ]
    319
    320        def parameterizedagg_sql(self, expression: exp.Anonymous) -> str:
    321            params = self.expressions(expression, "params", flat=True)
    322            return self.func(expression.name, *expression.expressions) + f"({params})"
    323
    324        def placeholder_sql(self, expression: exp.Placeholder) -> str:
    325            return f"{{{expression.name}: {self.sql(expression, 'kind')}}}"

class ClickHouse(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

     24class ClickHouse(Dialect):
     25    normalize_functions = None
     26    null_ordering = "nulls_are_last"
     27
     28    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     29        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", "#!", ("/*", "*/")]
     30        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', "`"]
     31        BIT_STRINGS = [("0b", "")]
     32        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
     33
     34        KEYWORDS = {
     35            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     36            "ASOF": TokenType.ASOF,
     37            "ATTACH": TokenType.COMMAND,
     38            "DATETIME64": TokenType.DATETIME64,
     39            "FINAL": TokenType.FINAL,
     40            "FLOAT32": TokenType.FLOAT,
     41            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     42            "GLOBAL": TokenType.GLOBAL,
     43            "INT128": TokenType.INT128,
     44            "INT16": TokenType.SMALLINT,
     45            "INT256": TokenType.INT256,
     46            "INT32": TokenType.INT,
     47            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
     48            "INT8": TokenType.TINYINT,
     49            "MAP": TokenType.MAP,
     50            "TUPLE": TokenType.STRUCT,
     51            "UINT128": TokenType.UINT128,
     52            "UINT16": TokenType.USMALLINT,
     53            "UINT256": TokenType.UINT256,
     54            "UINT32": TokenType.UINT,
     55            "UINT64": TokenType.UBIGINT,
     56            "UINT8": TokenType.UTINYINT,
     57        }
     58
     59    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     60        FUNCTIONS = {
     61            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     62            "ANY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
     63            "MAP": parse_var_map,
     64            "MATCH": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     65            "UNIQ": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
     66        }
     67
     68        FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS = {*parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS, "TUPLE"}
     69
     70        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     71            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     72            "QUANTILE": lambda self: self._parse_quantile(),
     73        }
     74
     75        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("MATCH")
     76
     77        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
     78        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.ANY)
     79
     80        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     81            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     82            TokenType.GLOBAL: lambda self, this: self._match(TokenType.IN)
     83            and self._parse_in(this, is_global=True),
     84        }
     85
     86        # The PLACEHOLDER entry is popped because 1) it doesn't affect Clickhouse (it corresponds to
     87        # the postgres-specific JSONBContains parser) and 2) it makes parsing the ternary op simpler.
     88        COLUMN_OPERATORS = parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS.copy()
     89        COLUMN_OPERATORS.pop(TokenType.PLACEHOLDER)
     90
     91        JOIN_KINDS = {
     92            *parser.Parser.JOIN_KINDS,
     93            TokenType.ANY,
     94            TokenType.ASOF,
     95            TokenType.ANTI,
     96            TokenType.SEMI,
     97        }
     98
     99        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {*parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS} - {
    100            TokenType.ANY,
    101            TokenType.ASOF,
    102            TokenType.SEMI,
    103            TokenType.ANTI,
    104            TokenType.SETTINGS,
    105            TokenType.FORMAT,
    106        }
    107
    108        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    109
    110        QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = {
    111            **parser.Parser.QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS,
    112            "settings": lambda self: self._parse_csv(self._parse_conjunction)
    113            if self._match(TokenType.SETTINGS)
    114            else None,
    115            "format": lambda self: self._parse_id_var() if self._match(TokenType.FORMAT) else None,
    116        }
    117
    118        def _parse_conjunction(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    119            this = super()._parse_conjunction()
    120
    121            if self._match(TokenType.PLACEHOLDER):
    122                return self.expression(
    123                    exp.If,
    124                    this=this,
    125                    true=self._parse_conjunction(),
    126                    false=self._match(TokenType.COLON) and self._parse_conjunction(),
    127                )
    128
    129            return this
    130
    131        def _parse_placeholder(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    132            """
    133            Parse a placeholder expression like SELECT {abc: UInt32} or FROM {table: Identifier}
    134            https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/syntax#defining-and-using-query-parameters
    135            """
    136            if not self._match(TokenType.L_BRACE):
    137                return None
    138
    139            this = self._parse_id_var()
    140            self._match(TokenType.COLON)
    141            kind = self._parse_types(check_func=False) or (
    142                self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER") and "Identifier"
    143            )
    144
    145            if not kind:
    146                self.raise_error("Expecting a placeholder type or 'Identifier' for tables")
    147            elif not self._match(TokenType.R_BRACE):
    148                self.raise_error("Expecting }")
    149
    150            return self.expression(exp.Placeholder, this=this, kind=kind)
    151
    152        def _parse_in(
    153            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression], is_global: bool = False
    154        ) -> exp.Expression:
    155            this = super()._parse_in(this)
    156            this.set("is_global", is_global)
    157            return this
    158
    159        def _parse_table(
    160            self, schema: bool = False, alias_tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None
    161        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    162            this = super()._parse_table(schema=schema, alias_tokens=alias_tokens)
    163
    164            if self._match(TokenType.FINAL):
    165                this = self.expression(exp.Final, this=this)
    166
    167            return this
    168
    169        def _parse_position(self, haystack_first: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    170            return super()._parse_position(haystack_first=True)
    171
    172        # https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/select/with/
    173        def _parse_cte(self) -> exp.Expression:
    174            index = self._index
    175            try:
    176                # WITH <identifier> AS <subquery expression>
    177                return super()._parse_cte()
    178            except ParseError:
    179                # WITH <expression> AS <identifier>
    180                self._retreat(index)
    181                statement = self._parse_statement()
    182
    183                if statement and isinstance(statement.this, exp.Alias):
    184                    self.raise_error("Expected CTE to have alias")
    185
    186                return self.expression(exp.CTE, this=statement, alias=statement and statement.this)
    187
    188        def _parse_join_side_and_kind(
    189            self,
    190        ) -> t.Tuple[t.Optional[Token], t.Optional[Token], t.Optional[Token]]:
    191            is_global = self._match(TokenType.GLOBAL) and self._prev
    192            kind_pre = self._match_set(self.JOIN_KINDS, advance=False) and self._prev
    193            if kind_pre:
    194                kind = self._match_set(self.JOIN_KINDS) and self._prev
    195                side = self._match_set(self.JOIN_SIDES) and self._prev
    196                return is_global, side, kind
    197            return (
    198                is_global,
    199                self._match_set(self.JOIN_SIDES) and self._prev,
    200                self._match_set(self.JOIN_KINDS) and self._prev,
    201            )
    202
    203        def _parse_join(self, skip_join_token: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    204            join = super()._parse_join(skip_join_token)
    205
    206            if join:
    207                join.set("global", join.args.pop("natural", None))
    208            return join
    209
    210        def _parse_function(
    211            self, functions: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Callable]] = None, anonymous: bool = False
    212        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    213            func = super()._parse_function(functions, anonymous)
    214
    215            if isinstance(func, exp.Anonymous):
    216                params = self._parse_func_params(func)
    217
    218                if params:
    219                    return self.expression(
    220                        exp.ParameterizedAgg,
    221                        this=func.this,
    222                        expressions=func.expressions,
    223                        params=params,
    224                    )
    225
    226            return func
    227
    228        def _parse_func_params(
    229            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Func] = None
    230        ) -> t.Optional[t.List[t.Optional[exp.Expression]]]:
    231            if self._match_pair(TokenType.R_PAREN, TokenType.L_PAREN):
    232                return self._parse_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    233            if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN):
    234                params = self._parse_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    235                self._match_r_paren(this)
    236                return params
    237            return None
    238
    239        def _parse_quantile(self) -> exp.Quantile:
    240            this = self._parse_lambda()
    241            params = self._parse_func_params()
    242            if params:
    243                return self.expression(exp.Quantile, this=params[0], quantile=this)
    244            return self.expression(exp.Quantile, this=this, quantile=exp.Literal.number(0.5))
    245
    246        def _parse_wrapped_id_vars(
    247            self, optional: bool = False
    248        ) -> t.List[t.Optional[exp.Expression]]:
    249            return super()._parse_wrapped_id_vars(optional=True)
    250
    251    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    252        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    253
    254        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    255            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    256            exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY: "Array",
    257            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "Int64",
    258            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "DateTime64",
    259            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "Float64",
    260            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "Float32",
    261            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "Int32",
    262            exp.DataType.Type.INT128: "Int128",
    263            exp.DataType.Type.INT256: "Int256",
    264            exp.DataType.Type.MAP: "Map",
    265            exp.DataType.Type.NULLABLE: "Nullable",
    266            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "Int16",
    267            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "Tuple",
    268            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "Int8",
    269            exp.DataType.Type.UBIGINT: "UInt64",
    270            exp.DataType.Type.UINT: "UInt32",
    271            exp.DataType.Type.UINT128: "UInt128",
    272            exp.DataType.Type.UINT256: "UInt256",
    273            exp.DataType.Type.USMALLINT: "UInt16",
    274            exp.DataType.Type.UTINYINT: "UInt8",
    275        }
    276
    277        TRANSFORMS = {
    278            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    279            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("any"),
    280            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("uniq"),
    281            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    282            exp.CastToStrType: rename_func("CAST"),
    283            exp.Final: lambda self, e: f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} FINAL",
    284            exp.Map: lambda self, e: _lower_func(var_map_sql(self, e)),
    285            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    286            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    287            exp.Quantile: lambda self, e: self.func("quantile", e.args.get("quantile"))
    288            + f"({self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    289            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: f"match({self.format_args(e.this, e.expression)})",
    290            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: f"position({self.format_args(e.this, e.args.get('substr'), e.args.get('position'))})",
    291            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: _lower_func(var_map_sql(self, e)),
    292        }
    293
    294        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    295            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    296            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    297            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    298        }
    299
    300        JOIN_HINTS = False
    301        TABLE_HINTS = False
    302        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    303        GROUPINGS_SEP = ""
    304
    305        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    306            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Alias):
    307                return self.sql(expression, "this")
    308
    309            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    310
    311        def after_limit_modifiers(self, expression: exp.Expression) -> t.List[str]:
    312            return super().after_limit_modifiers(expression) + [
    313                self.seg("SETTINGS ") + self.expressions(expression, key="settings", flat=True)
    314                if expression.args.get("settings")
    315                else "",
    316                self.seg("FORMAT ") + self.sql(expression, "format")
    317                if expression.args.get("format")
    318                else "",
    319            ]
    320
    321        def parameterizedagg_sql(self, expression: exp.Anonymous) -> str:
    322            params = self.expressions(expression, "params", flat=True)
    323            return self.func(expression.name, *expression.expressions) + f"({params})"
    324
    325        def placeholder_sql(self, expression: exp.Placeholder) -> str:
    326            return f"{{{expression.name}: {self.sql(expression, 'kind')}}}"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  parser
  generator

class ClickHouse.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    28    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    29        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", "#!", ("/*", "*/")]
    30        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', "`"]
    31        BIT_STRINGS = [("0b", "")]
    32        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    33
    34        KEYWORDS = {
    35            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    36            "ASOF": TokenType.ASOF,
    37            "ATTACH": TokenType.COMMAND,
    38            "DATETIME64": TokenType.DATETIME64,
    39            "FINAL": TokenType.FINAL,
    40            "FLOAT32": TokenType.FLOAT,
    41            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    42            "GLOBAL": TokenType.GLOBAL,
    43            "INT128": TokenType.INT128,
    44            "INT16": TokenType.SMALLINT,
    45            "INT256": TokenType.INT256,
    46            "INT32": TokenType.INT,
    47            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    48            "INT8": TokenType.TINYINT,
    49            "MAP": TokenType.MAP,
    50            "TUPLE": TokenType.STRUCT,
    51            "UINT128": TokenType.UINT128,
    52            "UINT16": TokenType.USMALLINT,
    53            "UINT256": TokenType.UINT256,
    54            "UINT32": TokenType.UINT,
    55            "UINT64": TokenType.UBIGINT,
    56            "UINT8": TokenType.UTINYINT,
    57        }

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize

class ClickHouse.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

     59    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     60        FUNCTIONS = {
     61            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     62            "ANY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
     63            "MAP": parse_var_map,
     64            "MATCH": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     65            "UNIQ": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
     66        }
     67
     68        FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS = {*parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS, "TUPLE"}
     69
     70        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     71            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     72            "QUANTILE": lambda self: self._parse_quantile(),
     73        }
     74
     75        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("MATCH")
     76
     77        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
     78        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.ANY)
     79
     80        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     81            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     82            TokenType.GLOBAL: lambda self, this: self._match(TokenType.IN)
     83            and self._parse_in(this, is_global=True),
     84        }
     85
     86        # The PLACEHOLDER entry is popped because 1) it doesn't affect Clickhouse (it corresponds to
     87        # the postgres-specific JSONBContains parser) and 2) it makes parsing the ternary op simpler.
     88        COLUMN_OPERATORS = parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS.copy()
     89        COLUMN_OPERATORS.pop(TokenType.PLACEHOLDER)
     90
     91        JOIN_KINDS = {
     92            *parser.Parser.JOIN_KINDS,
     93            TokenType.ANY,
     94            TokenType.ASOF,
     95            TokenType.ANTI,
     96            TokenType.SEMI,
     97        }
     98
     99        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {*parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS} - {
    100            TokenType.ANY,
    101            TokenType.ASOF,
    102            TokenType.SEMI,
    103            TokenType.ANTI,
    104            TokenType.SETTINGS,
    105            TokenType.FORMAT,
    106        }
    107
    108        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    109
    110        QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = {
    111            **parser.Parser.QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS,
    112            "settings": lambda self: self._parse_csv(self._parse_conjunction)
    113            if self._match(TokenType.SETTINGS)
    114            else None,
    115            "format": lambda self: self._parse_id_var() if self._match(TokenType.FORMAT) else None,
    116        }
    117
    118        def _parse_conjunction(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    119            this = super()._parse_conjunction()
    120
    121            if self._match(TokenType.PLACEHOLDER):
    122                return self.expression(
    123                    exp.If,
    124                    this=this,
    125                    true=self._parse_conjunction(),
    126                    false=self._match(TokenType.COLON) and self._parse_conjunction(),
    127                )
    128
    129            return this
    130
    131        def _parse_placeholder(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    132            """
    133            Parse a placeholder expression like SELECT {abc: UInt32} or FROM {table: Identifier}
    134            https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/syntax#defining-and-using-query-parameters
    135            """
    136            if not self._match(TokenType.L_BRACE):
    137                return None
    138
    139            this = self._parse_id_var()
    140            self._match(TokenType.COLON)
    141            kind = self._parse_types(check_func=False) or (
    142                self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER") and "Identifier"
    143            )
    144
    145            if not kind:
    146                self.raise_error("Expecting a placeholder type or 'Identifier' for tables")
    147            elif not self._match(TokenType.R_BRACE):
    148                self.raise_error("Expecting }")
    149
    150            return self.expression(exp.Placeholder, this=this, kind=kind)
    151
    152        def _parse_in(
    153            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression], is_global: bool = False
    154        ) -> exp.Expression:
    155            this = super()._parse_in(this)
    156            this.set("is_global", is_global)
    157            return this
    158
    159        def _parse_table(
    160            self, schema: bool = False, alias_tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None
    161        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    162            this = super()._parse_table(schema=schema, alias_tokens=alias_tokens)
    163
    164            if self._match(TokenType.FINAL):
    165                this = self.expression(exp.Final, this=this)
    166
    167            return this
    168
    169        def _parse_position(self, haystack_first: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    170            return super()._parse_position(haystack_first=True)
    171
    172        # https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/select/with/
    173        def _parse_cte(self) -> exp.Expression:
    174            index = self._index
    175            try:
    176                # WITH <identifier> AS <subquery expression>
    177                return super()._parse_cte()
    178            except ParseError:
    179                # WITH <expression> AS <identifier>
    180                self._retreat(index)
    181                statement = self._parse_statement()
    182
    183                if statement and isinstance(statement.this, exp.Alias):
    184                    self.raise_error("Expected CTE to have alias")
    185
    186                return self.expression(exp.CTE, this=statement, alias=statement and statement.this)
    187
    188        def _parse_join_side_and_kind(
    189            self,
    190        ) -> t.Tuple[t.Optional[Token], t.Optional[Token], t.Optional[Token]]:
    191            is_global = self._match(TokenType.GLOBAL) and self._prev
    192            kind_pre = self._match_set(self.JOIN_KINDS, advance=False) and self._prev
    193            if kind_pre:
    194                kind = self._match_set(self.JOIN_KINDS) and self._prev
    195                side = self._match_set(self.JOIN_SIDES) and self._prev
    196                return is_global, side, kind
    197            return (
    198                is_global,
    199                self._match_set(self.JOIN_SIDES) and self._prev,
    200                self._match_set(self.JOIN_KINDS) and self._prev,
    201            )
    202
    203        def _parse_join(self, skip_join_token: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    204            join = super()._parse_join(skip_join_token)
    205
    206            if join:
    207                join.set("global", join.args.pop("natural", None))
    208            return join
    209
    210        def _parse_function(
    211            self, functions: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Callable]] = None, anonymous: bool = False
    212        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    213            func = super()._parse_function(functions, anonymous)
    214
    215            if isinstance(func, exp.Anonymous):
    216                params = self._parse_func_params(func)
    217
    218                if params:
    219                    return self.expression(
    220                        exp.ParameterizedAgg,
    221                        this=func.this,
    222                        expressions=func.expressions,
    223                        params=params,
    224                    )
    225
    226            return func
    227
    228        def _parse_func_params(
    229            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Func] = None
    230        ) -> t.Optional[t.List[t.Optional[exp.Expression]]]:
    231            if self._match_pair(TokenType.R_PAREN, TokenType.L_PAREN):
    232                return self._parse_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    233            if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN):
    234                params = self._parse_csv(self._parse_lambda)
    235                self._match_r_paren(this)
    236                return params
    237            return None
    238
    239        def _parse_quantile(self) -> exp.Quantile:
    240            this = self._parse_lambda()
    241            params = self._parse_func_params()
    242            if params:
    243                return self.expression(exp.Quantile, this=params[0], quantile=this)
    244            return self.expression(exp.Quantile, this=this, quantile=exp.Literal.number(0.5))
    245
    246        def _parse_wrapped_id_vars(
    247            self, optional: bool = False
    248        ) -> t.List[t.Optional[exp.Expression]]:
    249            return super()._parse_wrapped_id_vars(optional=True)

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the `sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer` and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: the desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.RAISE
- error_message_context: determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 50.
- index_offset: Index offset for arrays eg ARRAY[0] vs ARRAY[1] as the head of a list. Default: 0
- alias_post_tablesample: If the table alias comes after tablesample. Default: False
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- null_ordering: Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression

class ClickHouse.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    251    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    252        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    253
    254        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    255            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    256            exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY: "Array",
    257            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "Int64",
    258            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "DateTime64",
    259            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "Float64",
    260            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "Float32",
    261            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "Int32",
    262            exp.DataType.Type.INT128: "Int128",
    263            exp.DataType.Type.INT256: "Int256",
    264            exp.DataType.Type.MAP: "Map",
    265            exp.DataType.Type.NULLABLE: "Nullable",
    266            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "Int16",
    267            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "Tuple",
    268            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "Int8",
    269            exp.DataType.Type.UBIGINT: "UInt64",
    270            exp.DataType.Type.UINT: "UInt32",
    271            exp.DataType.Type.UINT128: "UInt128",
    272            exp.DataType.Type.UINT256: "UInt256",
    273            exp.DataType.Type.USMALLINT: "UInt16",
    274            exp.DataType.Type.UTINYINT: "UInt8",
    275        }
    276
    277        TRANSFORMS = {
    278            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    279            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("any"),
    280            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("uniq"),
    281            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    282            exp.CastToStrType: rename_func("CAST"),
    283            exp.Final: lambda self, e: f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} FINAL",
    284            exp.Map: lambda self, e: _lower_func(var_map_sql(self, e)),
    285            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    286            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    287            exp.Quantile: lambda self, e: self.func("quantile", e.args.get("quantile"))
    288            + f"({self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    289            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: f"match({self.format_args(e.this, e.expression)})",
    290            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: f"position({self.format_args(e.this, e.args.get('substr'), e.args.get('position'))})",
    291            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: _lower_func(var_map_sql(self, e)),
    292        }
    293
    294        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    295            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    296            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    297            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    298        }
    299
    300        JOIN_HINTS = False
    301        TABLE_HINTS = False
    302        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    303        GROUPINGS_SEP = ""
    304
    305        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    306            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Alias):
    307                return self.sql(expression, "this")
    308
    309            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    310
    311        def after_limit_modifiers(self, expression: exp.Expression) -> t.List[str]:
    312            return super().after_limit_modifiers(expression) + [
    313                self.seg("SETTINGS ") + self.expressions(expression, key="settings", flat=True)
    314                if expression.args.get("settings")
    315                else "",
    316                self.seg("FORMAT ") + self.sql(expression, "format")
    317                if expression.args.get("format")
    318                else "",
    319            ]
    320
    321        def parameterizedagg_sql(self, expression: exp.Anonymous) -> str:
    322            params = self.expressions(expression, "params", flat=True)
    323            return self.func(expression.name, *expression.expressions) + f"({params})"
    324
    325        def placeholder_sql(self, expression: exp.Placeholder) -> str:
    326            return f"{{{expression.name}: {self.sql(expression, 'kind')}}}"

Generator interprets the given syntax tree and produces a SQL string as an output.

###### Arguments:

- time_mapping (dict): the dictionary of custom time mappings in which the key represents a python time format and the output the target time format
- time_trie (trie): a trie of the time_mapping keys
- pretty (bool): if set to True the returned string will be formatted. Default: False.
- quote_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
- quote_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
- identifier_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
- identifier_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
- bit_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit bit literals. Default: None.
- bit_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit bit literals. Default: None.
- hex_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit hex literals. Default: None.
- hex_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit hex literals. Default: None.
- byte_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit byte literals. Default: None.
- byte_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit byte literals. Default: None.
- raw_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit raw literals. Default: None.
- raw_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit raw literals. Default: None.
- identify (bool | str): 'always': always quote, 'safe': quote identifiers if they don't contain an upcase, True defaults to always.
- normalize (bool): if set to True all identifiers will lower cased
- string_escape (str): specifies a string escape character. Default: '.
- identifier_escape (str): specifies an identifier escape character. Default: ".
- pad (int): determines padding in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent (int): determines the size of indentation in a formatted string. Default: 4.
- unnest_column_only (bool): if true unnest table aliases are considered only as column aliases
- normalize_functions (str): normalize function names, "upper", "lower", or None Default: "upper"
- alias_post_tablesample (bool): if the table alias comes after tablesample Default: False
- unsupported_level (ErrorLevel): determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- null_ordering (str): Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"
- max_unsupported (int): Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma (bool): if the the comma is leading or trailing in select statements Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

def cte_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CTE) -> str: View Source

    305        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    306            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Alias):
    307                return self.sql(expression, "this")
    308
    309            return super().cte_sql(expression)

def after_limit_modifiers(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression) -> List[str]: View Source

    311        def after_limit_modifiers(self, expression: exp.Expression) -> t.List[str]:
    312            return super().after_limit_modifiers(expression) + [
    313                self.seg("SETTINGS ") + self.expressions(expression, key="settings", flat=True)
    314                if expression.args.get("settings")
    315                else "",
    316                self.seg("FORMAT ") + self.sql(expression, "format")
    317                if expression.args.get("format")
    318                else "",
    319            ]

def parameterizedagg_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Anonymous) -> str: View Source

    321        def parameterizedagg_sql(self, expression: exp.Anonymous) -> str:
    322            params = self.expressions(expression, "params", flat=True)
    323            return self.func(expression.name, *expression.expressions) + f"({params})"

def placeholder_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Placeholder) -> str: View Source

    325        def placeholder_sql(self, expression: exp.Placeholder) -> str:
    326            return f"{{{expression.name}: {self.sql(expression, 'kind')}}}"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  create_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypesize_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  except_op
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  intersect_op
  introducer_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  after_having_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  concat_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  unique_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  aliases_sql
  attimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  altertable_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  or_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  trycast_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  set_operation
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql