sqlglot.dialects.snowflake API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    date_trunc_to_time,
      9    datestrtodate_sql,
     10    format_time_lambda,
     11    inline_array_sql,
     12    max_or_greatest,
     13    min_or_least,
     14    rename_func,
     15    timestamptrunc_sql,
     16    timestrtotime_sql,
     17    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
     18    var_map_sql,
     19)
     20from sqlglot.expressions import Literal
     21from sqlglot.helper import flatten, seq_get
     22from sqlglot.parser import binary_range_parser
     23from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     24
     25
     26def _check_int(s: str) -> bool:
     27    if s[0] in ("-", "+"):
     28        return s[1:].isdigit()
     29    return s.isdigit()
     30
     31
     32# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
     33def _snowflake_to_timestamp(args: t.Sequence) -> t.Union[exp.StrToTime, exp.UnixToTime]:
     34    if len(args) == 2:
     35        first_arg, second_arg = args
     36        if second_arg.is_string:
     37            # case: <string_expr> [ , <format> ]
     38            return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
     39
     40        # case: <numeric_expr> [ , <scale> ]
     41        if second_arg.name not in ["0", "3", "9"]:
     42            raise ValueError(
     43                f"Scale for snowflake numeric timestamp is {second_arg}, but should be 0, 3, or 9"
     44            )
     45
     46        if second_arg.name == "0":
     47            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS
     48        elif second_arg.name == "3":
     49            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
     50        elif second_arg.name == "9":
     51            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
     52
     53        return exp.UnixToTime(this=first_arg, scale=timescale)
     54
     55    first_arg = seq_get(args, 0)
     56    if not isinstance(first_arg, Literal):
     57        # case: <variant_expr>
     58        return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args)
     59
     60    if first_arg.is_string:
     61        if _check_int(first_arg.this):
     62            # case: <integer>
     63            return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     64
     65        # case: <date_expr>
     66        return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args)
     67
     68    # case: <numeric_expr>
     69    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     70
     71
     72def _unix_to_time_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
     73    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
     74    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
     75    if scale in [None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS]:
     76        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp})"
     77    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
     78        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp}, 3)"
     79    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
     80        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp}, 9)"
     81
     82    raise ValueError("Improper scale for timestamp")
     83
     84
     85# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     86# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     87def _parse_date_part(self: parser.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     88    this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     89
     90    if not this:
     91        return None
     92
     93    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     94    expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     95
     96    name = this.name.upper()
     97    if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     98        if name.startswith("EPOCH_MILLISECOND"):
     99            scale = 10**3
    100        elif name.startswith("EPOCH_MICROSECOND"):
    101            scale = 10**6
    102        elif name.startswith("EPOCH_NANOSECOND"):
    103            scale = 10**9
    104        else:
    105            scale = None
    106
    107        ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    108        to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    109
    110        if scale:
    111            to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    112
    113        return to_unix
    114
    115    return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    116
    117
    118# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
    119def _div0_to_if(args: t.Sequence) -> exp.Expression:
    120    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
    121    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
    122    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
    123    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
    124
    125
    126# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
    127def _zeroifnull_to_if(args: t.Sequence) -> exp.Expression:
    128    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
    129    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
    130
    131
    132# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
    133def _nullifzero_to_if(args: t.Sequence) -> exp.Expression:
    134    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
    135    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
    136
    137
    138def _datatype_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    139    if expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY:
    140        return "ARRAY"
    141    elif expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.MAP:
    142        return "OBJECT"
    143    return self.datatype_sql(expression)
    144
    145
    146class Snowflake(Dialect):
    147    null_ordering = "nulls_are_large"
    148    time_format = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'"
    149
    150    time_mapping = {
    151        "YYYY": "%Y",
    152        "yyyy": "%Y",
    153        "YY": "%y",
    154        "yy": "%y",
    155        "MMMM": "%B",
    156        "mmmm": "%B",
    157        "MON": "%b",
    158        "mon": "%b",
    159        "MM": "%m",
    160        "mm": "%m",
    161        "DD": "%d",
    162        "dd": "%-d",
    163        "DY": "%a",
    164        "dy": "%w",
    165        "HH24": "%H",
    166        "hh24": "%H",
    167        "HH12": "%I",
    168        "hh12": "%I",
    169        "MI": "%M",
    170        "mi": "%M",
    171        "SS": "%S",
    172        "ss": "%S",
    173        "FF": "%f",
    174        "ff": "%f",
    175        "FF6": "%f",
    176        "ff6": "%f",
    177    }
    178
    179    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    180        QUOTED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    181
    182        FUNCTIONS = {
    183            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    184            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    185            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    186            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    187            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": lambda args: exp.AtTimeZone(
    188                this=seq_get(args, 1),
    189                zone=seq_get(args, 0),
    190            ),
    191            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    192            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    193                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    194                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    195                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
    196            ),
    197            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    198                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    199                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    200                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
    201            ),
    202            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    203            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    204            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    205            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": parser.parse_var_map,
    206            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    207            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    208            "TO_ARRAY": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    209            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    210            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _snowflake_to_timestamp,
    211            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    212        }
    213
    214        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    215            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    216            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    217        }
    218        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    219
    220        FUNC_TOKENS = {
    221            *parser.Parser.FUNC_TOKENS,
    222            TokenType.RLIKE,
    223            TokenType.TABLE,
    224        }
    225
    226        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    227            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,  # type: ignore
    228            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression(
    229                exp.Bracket,
    230                this=this,
    231                expressions=[path],
    232            ),
    233        }
    234
    235        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    236            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    237            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    238            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    239        }
    240
    241        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    242            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    243            "UNSET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(unset=True),
    244            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(),
    245        }
    246
    247        def _parse_alter_table_set_tag(self, unset: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    248            self._match_text_seq("TAG")
    249            parser = t.cast(t.Callable, self._parse_id_var if unset else self._parse_conjunction)
    250            return self.expression(exp.SetTag, expressions=self._parse_csv(parser), unset=unset)
    251
    252    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    253        QUOTES = ["'", "$$"]
    254        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    255
    256        KEYWORDS = {
    257            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    258            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    259            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    260            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    261            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    262            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    263            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    264            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    265            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    266            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    267            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    268            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    269            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    270        }
    271
    272        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    273            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    274            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    275        }
    276
    277        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    278
    279    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    280        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    281        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    282        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    283        JOIN_HINTS = False
    284        TABLE_HINTS = False
    285
    286        TRANSFORMS = {
    287            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    288            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    289            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    290            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    291            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    292                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    293            ),
    294            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func("DATEADD", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this),
    295            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    296                "DATEDIFF", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this
    297            ),
    298            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    299            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    300            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    301            exp.If: rename_func("IFF"),
    302            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    303            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    304            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    305            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    306            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    307            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    308            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess([transforms.eliminate_distinct_on]),
    309            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    310            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    311                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    312            ),
    313            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    314            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    315            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    316            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    317                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    318            ),
    319            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    320            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    321            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    322            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"),
    323            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    324            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    325        }
    326
    327        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    328            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    329            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    330        }
    331
    332        STAR_MAPPING = {
    333            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    334            "replace": "RENAME",
    335        }
    336
    337        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    338            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
    339            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    340            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    341        }
    342
    343        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    344            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    345                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    346            return super().except_op(expression)
    347
    348        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    349            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    350                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    351            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    352
    353        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
    354            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted.
    355
    356            We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users
    357            from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.
    358            """
    359            alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    360            if alias and alias.args.get("columns"):
    361                expression = expression.transform(
    362                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    363                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier)
    364                    and isinstance(node.parent, exp.TableAlias)
    365                    and node.arg_key == "columns"
    366                    else node,
    367                )
    368                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).values_sql(expression))
    369            return super().values_sql(expression)
    370
    371        def settag_sql(self, expression: exp.SetTag) -> str:
    372            action = "UNSET" if expression.args.get("unset") else "SET"
    373            return f"{action} TAG {self.expressions(expression)}"
    374
    375        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    376            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted and also
    377            that all columns in a SELECT are unquoted. We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need
    378            to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when
    379            generating the SQL.
    380
    381            Note: We make an assumption that any columns referenced in a VALUES expression should be unquoted throughout the
    382            expression. This might not be true in a case where the same column name can be sourced from another table that can
    383            properly quote but should be true in most cases.
    384            """
    385            values_identifiers = set(
    386                flatten(
    387                    (v.args.get("alias") or exp.Alias()).args.get("columns", [])
    388                    for v in expression.find_all(exp.Values)
    389                )
    390            )
    391            if values_identifiers:
    392                expression = expression.transform(
    393                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    394                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier) and node in values_identifiers
    395                    else node,
    396                )
    397                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).select_sql(expression))
    398            return super().select_sql(expression)
    399
    400        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    401            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    402            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    403            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    404            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    405            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}"
    406
    407        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    408            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    409        ) -> str:
    410            start = expression.args.get("start")
    411            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    412            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    413            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    414            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    147class Snowflake(Dialect):
    148    null_ordering = "nulls_are_large"
    149    time_format = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'"
    150
    151    time_mapping = {
    152        "YYYY": "%Y",
    153        "yyyy": "%Y",
    154        "YY": "%y",
    155        "yy": "%y",
    156        "MMMM": "%B",
    157        "mmmm": "%B",
    158        "MON": "%b",
    159        "mon": "%b",
    160        "MM": "%m",
    161        "mm": "%m",
    162        "DD": "%d",
    163        "dd": "%-d",
    164        "DY": "%a",
    165        "dy": "%w",
    166        "HH24": "%H",
    167        "hh24": "%H",
    168        "HH12": "%I",
    169        "hh12": "%I",
    170        "MI": "%M",
    171        "mi": "%M",
    172        "SS": "%S",
    173        "ss": "%S",
    174        "FF": "%f",
    175        "ff": "%f",
    176        "FF6": "%f",
    177        "ff6": "%f",
    178    }
    179
    180    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    181        QUOTED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    182
    183        FUNCTIONS = {
    184            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    185            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    186            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    187            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    188            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": lambda args: exp.AtTimeZone(
    189                this=seq_get(args, 1),
    190                zone=seq_get(args, 0),
    191            ),
    192            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    193            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    194                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    195                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    196                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
    197            ),
    198            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    199                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    200                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    201                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
    202            ),
    203            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    204            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    205            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    206            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": parser.parse_var_map,
    207            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    208            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    209            "TO_ARRAY": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    210            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    211            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _snowflake_to_timestamp,
    212            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    213        }
    214
    215        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    216            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    217            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    218        }
    219        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    220
    221        FUNC_TOKENS = {
    222            *parser.Parser.FUNC_TOKENS,
    223            TokenType.RLIKE,
    224            TokenType.TABLE,
    225        }
    226
    227        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    228            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,  # type: ignore
    229            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression(
    230                exp.Bracket,
    231                this=this,
    232                expressions=[path],
    233            ),
    234        }
    235
    236        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    237            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    238            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    239            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    240        }
    241
    242        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    243            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    244            "UNSET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(unset=True),
    245            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(),
    246        }
    247
    248        def _parse_alter_table_set_tag(self, unset: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    249            self._match_text_seq("TAG")
    250            parser = t.cast(t.Callable, self._parse_id_var if unset else self._parse_conjunction)
    251            return self.expression(exp.SetTag, expressions=self._parse_csv(parser), unset=unset)
    252
    253    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    254        QUOTES = ["'", "$$"]
    255        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    256
    257        KEYWORDS = {
    258            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    259            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    260            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    261            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    262            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    263            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    264            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    265            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    266            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    267            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    268            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    269            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    270            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    271        }
    272
    273        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    274            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    275            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    276        }
    277
    278        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    279
    280    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    281        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    282        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    283        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    284        JOIN_HINTS = False
    285        TABLE_HINTS = False
    286
    287        TRANSFORMS = {
    288            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    289            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    290            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    291            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    292            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    293                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    294            ),
    295            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func("DATEADD", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this),
    296            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    297                "DATEDIFF", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this
    298            ),
    299            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    300            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    301            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    302            exp.If: rename_func("IFF"),
    303            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    304            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    305            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    306            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    307            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    308            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    309            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess([transforms.eliminate_distinct_on]),
    310            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    311            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    312                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    313            ),
    314            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    315            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    316            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    317            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    318                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    319            ),
    320            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    321            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    322            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    323            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"),
    324            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    325            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    326        }
    327
    328        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    329            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    330            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    331        }
    332
    333        STAR_MAPPING = {
    334            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    335            "replace": "RENAME",
    336        }
    337
    338        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    339            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
    340            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    341            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    342        }
    343
    344        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    345            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    346                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    347            return super().except_op(expression)
    348
    349        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    350            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    351                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    352            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    353
    354        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
    355            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted.
    356
    357            We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users
    358            from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.
    359            """
    360            alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    361            if alias and alias.args.get("columns"):
    362                expression = expression.transform(
    363                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    364                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier)
    365                    and isinstance(node.parent, exp.TableAlias)
    366                    and node.arg_key == "columns"
    367                    else node,
    368                )
    369                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).values_sql(expression))
    370            return super().values_sql(expression)
    371
    372        def settag_sql(self, expression: exp.SetTag) -> str:
    373            action = "UNSET" if expression.args.get("unset") else "SET"
    374            return f"{action} TAG {self.expressions(expression)}"
    375
    376        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    377            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted and also
    378            that all columns in a SELECT are unquoted. We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need
    379            to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when
    380            generating the SQL.
    381
    382            Note: We make an assumption that any columns referenced in a VALUES expression should be unquoted throughout the
    383            expression. This might not be true in a case where the same column name can be sourced from another table that can
    384            properly quote but should be true in most cases.
    385            """
    386            values_identifiers = set(
    387                flatten(
    388                    (v.args.get("alias") or exp.Alias()).args.get("columns", [])
    389                    for v in expression.find_all(exp.Values)
    390                )
    391            )
    392            if values_identifiers:
    393                expression = expression.transform(
    394                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    395                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier) and node in values_identifiers
    396                    else node,
    397                )
    398                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).select_sql(expression))
    399            return super().select_sql(expression)
    400
    401        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    402            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    403            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    404            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    405            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    406            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}"
    407
    408        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    409            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    410        ) -> str:
    411            start = expression.args.get("start")
    412            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    413            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    414            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    415            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    180    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    181        QUOTED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    182
    183        FUNCTIONS = {
    184            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    185            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    186            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    187            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    188            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": lambda args: exp.AtTimeZone(
    189                this=seq_get(args, 1),
    190                zone=seq_get(args, 0),
    191            ),
    192            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    193            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    194                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    195                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    196                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
    197            ),
    198            "DATEDIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    199                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    200                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    201                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
    202            ),
    203            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    204            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    205            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    206            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": parser.parse_var_map,
    207            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    208            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    209            "TO_ARRAY": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    210            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    211            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _snowflake_to_timestamp,
    212            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    213        }
    214
    215        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    216            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    217            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    218        }
    219        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    220
    221        FUNC_TOKENS = {
    222            *parser.Parser.FUNC_TOKENS,
    223            TokenType.RLIKE,
    224            TokenType.TABLE,
    225        }
    226
    227        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    228            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,  # type: ignore
    229            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression(
    230                exp.Bracket,
    231                this=this,
    232                expressions=[path],
    233            ),
    234        }
    235
    236        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    237            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    238            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    239            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    240        }
    241
    242        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    243            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    244            "UNSET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(unset=True),
    245            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(),
    246        }
    247
    248        def _parse_alter_table_set_tag(self, unset: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    249            self._match_text_seq("TAG")
    250            parser = t.cast(t.Callable, self._parse_id_var if unset else self._parse_conjunction)
    251            return self.expression(exp.SetTag, expressions=self._parse_csv(parser), unset=unset)

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the `sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer` and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: the desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.RAISE
- error_message_context: determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 50.
- index_offset: Index offset for arrays eg ARRAY[0] vs ARRAY[1] as the head of a list. Default: 0
- alias_post_tablesample: If the table alias comes after tablesample. Default: False
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- null_ordering: Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    253    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    254        QUOTES = ["'", "$$"]
    255        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    256
    257        KEYWORDS = {
    258            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    259            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    260            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    261            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    262            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    263            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    264            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    265            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    266            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    267            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    268            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    269            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    270            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    271        }
    272
    273        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    274            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    275            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    276        }
    277
    278        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    280    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    281        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    282        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    283        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
    284        JOIN_HINTS = False
    285        TABLE_HINTS = False
    286
    287        TRANSFORMS = {
    288            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    289            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    290            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    291            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    292            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    293                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    294            ),
    295            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func("DATEADD", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this),
    296            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    297                "DATEDIFF", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this
    298            ),
    299            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    300            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    301            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    302            exp.If: rename_func("IFF"),
    303            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    304            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    305            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    306            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    307            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    308            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    309            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess([transforms.eliminate_distinct_on]),
    310            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    311            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    312                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    313            ),
    314            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    315            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    316            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    317            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
    318                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
    319            ),
    320            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    321            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    322            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    323            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"),
    324            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    325            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    326        }
    327
    328        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    329            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    330            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    331        }
    332
    333        STAR_MAPPING = {
    334            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    335            "replace": "RENAME",
    336        }
    337
    338        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    339            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
    340            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    341            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    342        }
    343
    344        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    345            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    346                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    347            return super().except_op(expression)
    348
    349        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    350            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    351                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    352            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    353
    354        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
    355            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted.
    356
    357            We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users
    358            from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.
    359            """
    360            alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    361            if alias and alias.args.get("columns"):
    362                expression = expression.transform(
    363                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    364                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier)
    365                    and isinstance(node.parent, exp.TableAlias)
    366                    and node.arg_key == "columns"
    367                    else node,
    368                )
    369                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).values_sql(expression))
    370            return super().values_sql(expression)
    371
    372        def settag_sql(self, expression: exp.SetTag) -> str:
    373            action = "UNSET" if expression.args.get("unset") else "SET"
    374            return f"{action} TAG {self.expressions(expression)}"
    375
    376        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    377            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted and also
    378            that all columns in a SELECT are unquoted. We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need
    379            to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when
    380            generating the SQL.
    381
    382            Note: We make an assumption that any columns referenced in a VALUES expression should be unquoted throughout the
    383            expression. This might not be true in a case where the same column name can be sourced from another table that can
    384            properly quote but should be true in most cases.
    385            """
    386            values_identifiers = set(
    387                flatten(
    388                    (v.args.get("alias") or exp.Alias()).args.get("columns", [])
    389                    for v in expression.find_all(exp.Values)
    390                )
    391            )
    392            if values_identifiers:
    393                expression = expression.transform(
    394                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    395                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier) and node in values_identifiers
    396                    else node,
    397                )
    398                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).select_sql(expression))
    399            return super().select_sql(expression)
    400
    401        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    402            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    403            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    404            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    405            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    406            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}"
    407
    408        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    409            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    410        ) -> str:
    411            start = expression.args.get("start")
    412            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    413            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    414            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    415            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

Generator interprets the given syntax tree and produces a SQL string as an output.

###### Arguments:

- time_mapping (dict): the dictionary of custom time mappings in which the key represents a python time format and the output the target time format
- time_trie (trie): a trie of the time_mapping keys
- pretty (bool): if set to True the returned string will be formatted. Default: False.
- quote_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
- quote_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
- identifier_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
- identifier_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
- identify (bool | str): 'always': always quote, 'safe': quote identifiers if they don't contain an upcase, True defaults to always.
- normalize (bool): if set to True all identifiers will lower cased
- string_escape (str): specifies a string escape character. Default: '.
- identifier_escape (str): specifies an identifier escape character. Default: ".
- pad (int): determines padding in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent (int): determines the size of indentation in a formatted string. Default: 4.
- unnest_column_only (bool): if true unnest table aliases are considered only as column aliases
- normalize_functions (str): normalize function names, "upper", "lower", or None Default: "upper"
- alias_post_tablesample (bool): if the table alias comes after tablesample Default: False
- unsupported_level (ErrorLevel): determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- null_ordering (str): Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"
- max_unsupported (int): Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma (bool): if the the comma is leading or trailing in select statements Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    344        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    345            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    346                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    347            return super().except_op(expression)

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    349        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    350            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    351                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    352            return super().intersect_op(expression)

def values_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values) -> str: View Source

    354        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
    355            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted.
    356
    357            We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users
    358            from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.
    359            """
    360            alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    361            if alias and alias.args.get("columns"):
    362                expression = expression.transform(
    363                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    364                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier)
    365                    and isinstance(node.parent, exp.TableAlias)
    366                    and node.arg_key == "columns"
    367                    else node,
    368                )
    369                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).values_sql(expression))
    370            return super().values_sql(expression)

Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted.

We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.

def settag_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SetTag) -> str: View Source

    372        def settag_sql(self, expression: exp.SetTag) -> str:
    373            action = "UNSET" if expression.args.get("unset") else "SET"
    374            return f"{action} TAG {self.expressions(expression)}"

def select_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Select) -> str: View Source

    376        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    377            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted and also
    378            that all columns in a SELECT are unquoted. We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need
    379            to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when
    380            generating the SQL.
    381
    382            Note: We make an assumption that any columns referenced in a VALUES expression should be unquoted throughout the
    383            expression. This might not be true in a case where the same column name can be sourced from another table that can
    384            properly quote but should be true in most cases.
    385            """
    386            values_identifiers = set(
    387                flatten(
    388                    (v.args.get("alias") or exp.Alias()).args.get("columns", [])
    389                    for v in expression.find_all(exp.Values)
    390                )
    391            )
    392            if values_identifiers:
    393                expression = expression.transform(
    394                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    395                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier) and node in values_identifiers
    396                    else node,
    397                )
    398                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).select_sql(expression))
    399            return super().select_sql(expression)

Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted and also that all columns in a SELECT are unquoted. We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.

Note: We make an assumption that any columns referenced in a VALUES expression should be unquoted throughout the expression. This might not be true in a case where the same column name can be sourced from another table that can properly quote but should be true in most cases.

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    401        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    402            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    403            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    404            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    405            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    406            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    408        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    409            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    410        ) -> str:
    411            start = expression.args.get("start")
    412            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    413            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    414            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    415            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
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  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
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  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  create_sql
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