sqlglot.dialects.presto API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.presto

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      4from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      5    Dialect,
      6    date_trunc_to_time,
      7    format_time_lambda,
      8    if_sql,
      9    no_ilike_sql,
     10    no_safe_divide_sql,
     11    rename_func,
     12    struct_extract_sql,
     13    timestamptrunc_sql,
     14    timestrtotime_sql,
     15)
     16from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
     17from sqlglot.errors import UnsupportedError
     18from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
     19from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     20
     21
     22def _approx_distinct_sql(self, expression):
     23    accuracy = expression.args.get("accuracy")
     24    accuracy = ", " + self.sql(accuracy) if accuracy else ""
     25    return f"APPROX_DISTINCT({self.sql(expression, 'this')}{accuracy})"
     26
     27
     28def _datatype_sql(self, expression):
     29    sql = self.datatype_sql(expression)
     30    if expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ:
     31        sql = f"{sql} WITH TIME ZONE"
     32    return sql
     33
     34
     35def _explode_to_unnest_sql(self, expression):
     36    if isinstance(expression.this, (exp.Explode, exp.Posexplode)):
     37        return self.sql(
     38            exp.Join(
     39                this=exp.Unnest(
     40                    expressions=[expression.this.this],
     41                    alias=expression.args.get("alias"),
     42                    ordinality=isinstance(expression.this, exp.Posexplode),
     43                ),
     44                kind="cross",
     45            )
     46        )
     47    return self.lateral_sql(expression)
     48
     49
     50def _initcap_sql(self, expression):
     51    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
     52    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
     53
     54
     55def _decode_sql(self, expression):
     56    _ensure_utf8(expression.args.get("charset"))
     57    return self.func("FROM_UTF8", expression.this, expression.args.get("replace"))
     58
     59
     60def _encode_sql(self, expression):
     61    _ensure_utf8(expression.args.get("charset"))
     62    return f"TO_UTF8({self.sql(expression, 'this')})"
     63
     64
     65def _no_sort_array(self, expression):
     66    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
     67        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
     68    else:
     69        comparator = None
     70    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
     71
     72
     73def _schema_sql(self, expression):
     74    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Property):
     75        columns = ", ".join(f"'{c.name}'" for c in expression.expressions)
     76        return f"ARRAY[{columns}]"
     77
     78    for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
     79        if isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
     80            expression = expression.copy()
     81            expression.expressions.extend(schema.expressions)
     82
     83    return self.schema_sql(expression)
     84
     85
     86def _quantile_sql(self, expression):
     87    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
     88    return f"APPROX_PERCENTILE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, {self.sql(expression, 'quantile')})"
     89
     90
     91def _str_to_time_sql(self, expression):
     92    return f"DATE_PARSE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, {self.format_time(expression)})"
     93
     94
     95def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self, expression):
     96    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
     97    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.time_format, Presto.date_format):
     98        return f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, expression)} AS DATE)"
     99    return f"CAST(SUBSTR(CAST({self.sql(expression, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), 1, 10) AS DATE)"
    100
    101
    102def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self, expression):
    103    return self.func(
    104        "DATE_ADD",
    105        exp.Literal.string(expression.text("unit") or "day"),
    106        expression.expression,
    107        self.func(
    108            "DATE_PARSE",
    109            self.func("SUBSTR", expression.this, exp.Literal.number(1), exp.Literal.number(10)),
    110            Presto.date_format,
    111        ),
    112    )
    113
    114
    115def _sequence_sql(self, expression):
    116    start = expression.args["start"]
    117    end = expression.args["end"]
    118    step = expression.args.get("step", 1)  # Postgres defaults to 1 for generate_series
    119
    120    target_type = None
    121
    122    if isinstance(start, exp.Cast):
    123        target_type = start.to
    124    elif isinstance(end, exp.Cast):
    125        target_type = end.to
    126
    127    if target_type and target_type.this == exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP:
    128        to = target_type.copy()
    129
    130        if target_type is start.to:
    131            end = exp.Cast(this=end, to=to)
    132        else:
    133            start = exp.Cast(this=start, to=to)
    134
    135    return self.func("SEQUENCE", start, end, step)
    136
    137
    138def _ensure_utf8(charset):
    139    if charset.name.lower() != "utf-8":
    140        raise UnsupportedError(f"Unsupported charset {charset}")
    141
    142
    143def _approx_percentile(args):
    144    if len(args) == 4:
    145        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    146            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    147            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
    148            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
    149            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
    150        )
    151    if len(args) == 3:
    152        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    153            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    154            quantile=seq_get(args, 1),
    155            accuracy=seq_get(args, 2),
    156        )
    157    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
    158
    159
    160def _from_unixtime(args):
    161    if len(args) == 3:
    162        return exp.UnixToTime(
    163            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    164            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
    165            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
    166        )
    167    if len(args) == 2:
    168        return exp.UnixToTime(
    169            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    170            zone=seq_get(args, 1),
    171        )
    172    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
    173
    174
    175class Presto(Dialect):
    176    index_offset = 1
    177    null_ordering = "nulls_are_last"
    178    time_format = MySQL.time_format  # type: ignore
    179    time_mapping = MySQL.time_mapping  # type: ignore
    180
    181    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    182        KEYWORDS = {
    183            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    184            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    185            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    186        }
    187
    188    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    189        FUNCTIONS = {
    190            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
    191            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    192            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    193            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    194            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    195                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    196                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    197                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
    198            ),
    199            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    200                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    201                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    202                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
    203            ),
    204            "DATE_FORMAT": format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    205            "DATE_PARSE": format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    206            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    207            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _from_unixtime,
    208            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    209            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    210                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    211                substr=seq_get(args, 1),
    212                instance=seq_get(args, 2),
    213            ),
    214            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    215            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _approx_percentile,
    216            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    217            "TO_HEX": exp.Hex.from_arg_list,
    218            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    219                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    220            ),
    221            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    222                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    223            ),
    224        }
    225        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    226        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    227
    228    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    229        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    230
    231        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    232            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
    233            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    234        }
    235
    236        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    237            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    238            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    239            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    240            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    241            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    242            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    243            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    244        }
    245
    246        TRANSFORMS = {
    247            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    248            **transforms.UNALIAS_GROUP,  # type: ignore
    249            **transforms.ELIMINATE_QUALIFY,  # type: ignore
    250            exp.ApproxDistinct: _approx_distinct_sql,
    251            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    252            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    253            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    254            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    255            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_AND({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    256            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    257            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_NOT({self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    258            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_OR({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    259            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    260            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_XOR({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    261            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    262            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    263            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
    264                "DATE_ADD", exp.Literal.string(e.text("unit") or "day"), e.expression, e.this
    265            ),
    266            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    267                "DATE_DIFF", exp.Literal.string(e.text("unit") or "day"), e.expression, e.this
    268            ),
    269            exp.DateStrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.date_format}) AS DATE)",
    270            exp.DateToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.dateint_format}) AS INT)",
    271            exp.Decode: _decode_sql,
    272            exp.DiToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.dateint_format}) AS DATE)",
    273            exp.Encode: _encode_sql,
    274            exp.GenerateSeries: _sequence_sql,
    275            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    276            exp.If: if_sql,
    277            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    278            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    279            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    280            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    281            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    282            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    283            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    284            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    285            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    286            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    287            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    288            exp.StrPosition: rename_func("STRPOS"),
    289            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    290            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    291            exp.StrToUnix: lambda self, e: f"TO_UNIXTIME(DATE_PARSE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)}))",
    292            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    293            exp.TableFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"TABLE_FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    294            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    295            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    296            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    297            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    298            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: f"TO_UNIXTIME(DATE_PARSE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.time_format}))",
    299            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: f"DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    300            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    301            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    302            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    303            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    304            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    305            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    306            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    307            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self, e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    308            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    309        }
    310
    311        def transaction_sql(self, expression):
    312            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    313            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    314            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"

class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    176class Presto(Dialect):
    177    index_offset = 1
    178    null_ordering = "nulls_are_last"
    179    time_format = MySQL.time_format  # type: ignore
    180    time_mapping = MySQL.time_mapping  # type: ignore
    181
    182    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    183        KEYWORDS = {
    184            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    185            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    186            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    187        }
    188
    189    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    190        FUNCTIONS = {
    191            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
    192            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    193            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    194            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    195            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    196                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    197                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    198                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
    199            ),
    200            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    201                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    202                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    203                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
    204            ),
    205            "DATE_FORMAT": format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    206            "DATE_PARSE": format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    207            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    208            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _from_unixtime,
    209            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    210            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    211                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    212                substr=seq_get(args, 1),
    213                instance=seq_get(args, 2),
    214            ),
    215            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    216            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _approx_percentile,
    217            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    218            "TO_HEX": exp.Hex.from_arg_list,
    219            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    220                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    221            ),
    222            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    223                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    224            ),
    225        }
    226        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    227        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    228
    229    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    230        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    231
    232        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    233            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
    234            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    235        }
    236
    237        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    238            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    239            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    240            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    241            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    242            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    243            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    244            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    245        }
    246
    247        TRANSFORMS = {
    248            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    249            **transforms.UNALIAS_GROUP,  # type: ignore
    250            **transforms.ELIMINATE_QUALIFY,  # type: ignore
    251            exp.ApproxDistinct: _approx_distinct_sql,
    252            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    253            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    254            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    255            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    256            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_AND({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    257            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    258            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_NOT({self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    259            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_OR({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    260            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    261            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_XOR({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    262            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    263            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    264            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
    265                "DATE_ADD", exp.Literal.string(e.text("unit") or "day"), e.expression, e.this
    266            ),
    267            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    268                "DATE_DIFF", exp.Literal.string(e.text("unit") or "day"), e.expression, e.this
    269            ),
    270            exp.DateStrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.date_format}) AS DATE)",
    271            exp.DateToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.dateint_format}) AS INT)",
    272            exp.Decode: _decode_sql,
    273            exp.DiToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.dateint_format}) AS DATE)",
    274            exp.Encode: _encode_sql,
    275            exp.GenerateSeries: _sequence_sql,
    276            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    277            exp.If: if_sql,
    278            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    279            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    280            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    281            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    282            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    283            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    284            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    285            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    286            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    287            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    288            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    289            exp.StrPosition: rename_func("STRPOS"),
    290            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    291            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    292            exp.StrToUnix: lambda self, e: f"TO_UNIXTIME(DATE_PARSE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)}))",
    293            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    294            exp.TableFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"TABLE_FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    295            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    296            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    297            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    298            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    299            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: f"TO_UNIXTIME(DATE_PARSE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.time_format}))",
    300            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: f"DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    301            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    302            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    303            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    304            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    305            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    306            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    307            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    308            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self, e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    309            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    310        }
    311
    312        def transaction_sql(self, expression):
    313            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    314            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    315            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  parser
  generator

class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    182    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    183        KEYWORDS = {
    184            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    185            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    186            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    187        }

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize

class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    189    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    190        FUNCTIONS = {
    191            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
    192            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    193            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    194            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    195            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    196                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    197                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    198                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
    199            ),
    200            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    201                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    202                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    203                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
    204            ),
    205            "DATE_FORMAT": format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    206            "DATE_PARSE": format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    207            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    208            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _from_unixtime,
    209            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    210            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    211                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    212                substr=seq_get(args, 1),
    213                instance=seq_get(args, 2),
    214            ),
    215            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    216            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _approx_percentile,
    217            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    218            "TO_HEX": exp.Hex.from_arg_list,
    219            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    220                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    221            ),
    222            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    223                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    224            ),
    225        }
    226        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    227        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the `sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer` and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: the desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.RAISE
- error_message_context: determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 50.
- index_offset: Index offset for arrays eg ARRAY[0] vs ARRAY[1] as the head of a list. Default: 0
- alias_post_tablesample: If the table alias comes after tablesample. Default: False
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- null_ordering: Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression

class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    229    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    230        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    231
    232        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    233            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
    234            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    235        }
    236
    237        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    238            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    239            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    240            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    241            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    242            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    243            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    244            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    245        }
    246
    247        TRANSFORMS = {
    248            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    249            **transforms.UNALIAS_GROUP,  # type: ignore
    250            **transforms.ELIMINATE_QUALIFY,  # type: ignore
    251            exp.ApproxDistinct: _approx_distinct_sql,
    252            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    253            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    254            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    255            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("CARDINALITY"),
    256            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_AND({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    257            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    258            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_NOT({self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    259            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_OR({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    260            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    261            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: f"BITWISE_XOR({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')})",
    262            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    263            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    264            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func(
    265                "DATE_ADD", exp.Literal.string(e.text("unit") or "day"), e.expression, e.this
    266            ),
    267            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    268                "DATE_DIFF", exp.Literal.string(e.text("unit") or "day"), e.expression, e.this
    269            ),
    270            exp.DateStrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.date_format}) AS DATE)",
    271            exp.DateToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.dateint_format}) AS INT)",
    272            exp.Decode: _decode_sql,
    273            exp.DiToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.dateint_format}) AS DATE)",
    274            exp.Encode: _encode_sql,
    275            exp.GenerateSeries: _sequence_sql,
    276            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    277            exp.If: if_sql,
    278            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    279            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    280            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    281            exp.Levenshtein: rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE"),
    282            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    283            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    284            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    285            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    286            exp.SafeDivide: no_safe_divide_sql,
    287            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    288            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    289            exp.StrPosition: rename_func("STRPOS"),
    290            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    291            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    292            exp.StrToUnix: lambda self, e: f"TO_UNIXTIME(DATE_PARSE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)}))",
    293            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    294            exp.TableFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"TABLE_FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    295            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    296            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
    297            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    298            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    299            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: f"TO_UNIXTIME(DATE_PARSE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.time_format}))",
    300            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: f"DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    301            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    302            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self, e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    303            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    304            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    305            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    306            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self, e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    307            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME"),
    308            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self, e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    309            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    310        }
    311
    312        def transaction_sql(self, expression):
    313            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    314            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    315            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"

Generator interprets the given syntax tree and produces a SQL string as an output.

###### Arguments:

- time_mapping (dict): the dictionary of custom time mappings in which the key represents a python time format and the output the target time format
- time_trie (trie): a trie of the time_mapping keys
- pretty (bool): if set to True the returned string will be formatted. Default: False.
- quote_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
- quote_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
- identifier_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
- identifier_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
- identify (bool | str): 'always': always quote, 'safe': quote identifiers if they don't contain an upcase, True defaults to always.
- normalize (bool): if set to True all identifiers will lower cased
- string_escape (str): specifies a string escape character. Default: '.
- identifier_escape (str): specifies an identifier escape character. Default: ".
- pad (int): determines padding in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent (int): determines the size of indentation in a formatted string. Default: 4.
- unnest_column_only (bool): if true unnest table aliases are considered only as column aliases
- normalize_functions (str): normalize function names, "upper", "lower", or None Default: "upper"
- alias_post_tablesample (bool): if the table alias comes after tablesample Default: False
- unsupported_level (ErrorLevel): determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- null_ordering (str): Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"
- max_unsupported (int): Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma (bool): if the the comma is leading or trailing in select statements Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

def transaction_sql(self, expression): View Source

    312        def transaction_sql(self, expression):
    313            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    314            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    315            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  create_sql
  describe_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  except_op
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  afterjournalproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  intersect_op
  introducer_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  star_sql
  structkwarg_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  window_spec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  concat_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  unique_sql
  if_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  aliases_sql
  attimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  altertable_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  or_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  trycast_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  set_operation
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql