sqlglot.dialects.tsql API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.tsql

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import re
      4import typing as t
      5
      6from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens
      7from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      8    Dialect,
      9    min_or_least,
     10    parse_date_delta,
     11    rename_func,
     12)
     13from sqlglot.expressions import DataType
     14from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
     15from sqlglot.time import format_time
     16from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     17
     18FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = {
     19    "weekday": "%A",
     20    "dw": "%A",
     21    "w": "%A",
     22    "month": "%B",
     23    "mm": "%B",
     24    "m": "%B",
     25}
     26
     27DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = {
     28    "year": "year",
     29    "yyyy": "year",
     30    "yy": "year",
     31    "quarter": "quarter",
     32    "qq": "quarter",
     33    "q": "quarter",
     34    "month": "month",
     35    "mm": "month",
     36    "m": "month",
     37    "week": "week",
     38    "ww": "week",
     39    "wk": "week",
     40    "day": "day",
     41    "dd": "day",
     42    "d": "day",
     43}
     44
     45
     46DATE_FMT_RE = re.compile("([dD]{1,2})|([mM]{1,2})|([yY]{1,4})|([hH]{1,2})|([sS]{1,2})")
     47
     48# N = Numeric, C=Currency
     49TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT = {"N", "C"}
     50
     51
     52def _format_time_lambda(exp_class, full_format_mapping=None, default=None):
     53    def _format_time(args):
     54        return exp_class(
     55            this=seq_get(args, 1),
     56            format=exp.Literal.string(
     57                format_time(
     58                    seq_get(args, 0).name or (TSQL.time_format if default is True else default),
     59                    {**TSQL.time_mapping, **FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING}
     60                    if full_format_mapping
     61                    else TSQL.time_mapping,
     62                )
     63            ),
     64        )
     65
     66    return _format_time
     67
     68
     69def _parse_format(args):
     70    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
     71    number_fmt = fmt.name in TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT or not DATE_FMT_RE.search(fmt.this)
     72    if number_fmt:
     73        return exp.NumberToStr(this=seq_get(args, 0), format=fmt)
     74    return exp.TimeToStr(
     75        this=seq_get(args, 0),
     76        format=exp.Literal.string(
     77            format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.format_time_mapping)
     78            if len(fmt.name) == 1
     79            else format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.time_mapping)
     80        ),
     81    )
     82
     83
     84def _parse_eomonth(args):
     85    date = seq_get(args, 0)
     86    month_lag = seq_get(args, 1)
     87    unit = DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL.get("month")
     88
     89    if month_lag is None:
     90        return exp.LastDateOfMonth(this=date)
     91
     92    # Remove month lag argument in parser as its compared with the number of arguments of the resulting class
     93    args.remove(month_lag)
     94
     95    return exp.LastDateOfMonth(this=exp.DateAdd(this=date, expression=month_lag, unit=unit))
     96
     97
     98def generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql(self, e):
     99    func = "DATEADD" if isinstance(e, exp.DateAdd) else "DATEDIFF"
    100    return self.func(func, e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this)
    101
    102
    103def _format_sql(self, e):
    104    fmt = (
    105        e.args["format"]
    106        if isinstance(e, exp.NumberToStr)
    107        else exp.Literal.string(format_time(e.text("format"), TSQL.inverse_time_mapping))
    108    )
    109    return self.func("FORMAT", e.this, fmt)
    110
    111
    112def _string_agg_sql(self, e):
    113    e = e.copy()
    114
    115    this = e.this
    116    distinct = e.find(exp.Distinct)
    117    if distinct:
    118        # exp.Distinct can appear below an exp.Order or an exp.GroupConcat expression
    119        self.unsupported("T-SQL STRING_AGG doesn't support DISTINCT.")
    120        this = distinct.expressions[0]
    121        distinct.pop()
    122
    123    order = ""
    124    if isinstance(e.this, exp.Order):
    125        if e.this.this:
    126            this = e.this.this
    127            e.this.this.pop()
    128        order = f" WITHIN GROUP ({self.sql(e.this)[1:]})"  # Order has a leading space
    129
    130    separator = e.args.get("separator") or exp.Literal.string(",")
    131    return f"STRING_AGG({self.format_args(this, separator)}){order}"
    132
    133
    134class TSQL(Dialect):
    135    null_ordering = "nulls_are_small"
    136    time_format = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'"
    137
    138    time_mapping = {
    139        "year": "%Y",
    140        "qq": "%q",
    141        "q": "%q",
    142        "quarter": "%q",
    143        "dayofyear": "%j",
    144        "day": "%d",
    145        "dy": "%d",
    146        "y": "%Y",
    147        "week": "%W",
    148        "ww": "%W",
    149        "wk": "%W",
    150        "hour": "%h",
    151        "hh": "%I",
    152        "minute": "%M",
    153        "mi": "%M",
    154        "n": "%M",
    155        "second": "%S",
    156        "ss": "%S",
    157        "s": "%-S",
    158        "millisecond": "%f",
    159        "ms": "%f",
    160        "weekday": "%W",
    161        "dw": "%W",
    162        "month": "%m",
    163        "mm": "%M",
    164        "m": "%-M",
    165        "Y": "%Y",
    166        "YYYY": "%Y",
    167        "YY": "%y",
    168        "MMMM": "%B",
    169        "MMM": "%b",
    170        "MM": "%m",
    171        "M": "%-m",
    172        "dd": "%d",
    173        "d": "%-d",
    174        "HH": "%H",
    175        "H": "%-H",
    176        "h": "%-I",
    177        "S": "%f",
    178        "yyyy": "%Y",
    179        "yy": "%y",
    180    }
    181
    182    convert_format_mapping = {
    183        "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p",
    184        "1": "%m/%d/%y",
    185        "2": "%y.%m.%d",
    186        "3": "%d/%m/%y",
    187        "4": "%d.%m.%y",
    188        "5": "%d-%m-%y",
    189        "6": "%d %b %y",
    190        "7": "%b %d, %y",
    191        "8": "%H:%M:%S",
    192        "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p",
    193        "10": "mm-dd-yy",
    194        "11": "yy/mm/dd",
    195        "12": "yymmdd",
    196        "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f",
    197        "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f",
    198        "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
    199        "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
    200        "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p",
    201        "23": "%Y-%m-%d",
    202        "24": "%H:%M:%S",
    203        "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
    204        "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p",
    205        "101": "%m/%d/%Y",
    206        "102": "%Y.%m.%d",
    207        "103": "%d/%m/%Y",
    208        "104": "%d.%m.%Y",
    209        "105": "%d-%m-%Y",
    210        "106": "%d %b %Y",
    211        "107": "%b %d, %Y",
    212        "108": "%H:%M:%S",
    213        "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p",
    214        "110": "%m-%d-%Y",
    215        "111": "%Y/%m/%d",
    216        "112": "%Y%m%d",
    217        "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f",
    218        "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f",
    219        "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
    220        "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
    221    }
    222    # not sure if complete
    223    format_time_mapping = {
    224        "y": "%B %Y",
    225        "d": "%m/%d/%Y",
    226        "H": "%-H",
    227        "h": "%-I",
    228        "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
    229        "D": "%A,%B,%Y",
    230        "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p",
    231        "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p",
    232        "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p",
    233        "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p",
    234        "M": "%B %-d",
    235        "m": "%B %-d",
    236        "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",
    237        "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z",
    238        "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z",
    239        "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p",
    240        "t": "%-I:%M",
    241        "Y": "%a %Y",
    242    }
    243
    244    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    245        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]")]
    246
    247        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    248
    249        KEYWORDS = {
    250            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    251            "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME,
    252            "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    253            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    254            "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE,
    255            "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY,
    256            "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT,
    257            "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT,
    258            "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    259            "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE,
    260            "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT,
    261            "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
    262            "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME,
    263            "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY,
    264            "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT,
    265            "TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    266            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    267            "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER,
    268            "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT,
    269            "XML": TokenType.XML,
    270        }
    271
    272        # TSQL allows @, # to appear as a variable/identifier prefix
    273        SINGLE_TOKENS = tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
    274        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("@")
    275        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("#")
    276
    277    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    278        FUNCTIONS = {
    279            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
    280            "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    281                this=seq_get(args, 1),
    282                substr=seq_get(args, 0),
    283                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    284            ),
    285            "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list,
    286            "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
    287            "DATEDIFF": parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
    288            "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True),
    289            "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr),
    290            "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    291            "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    292            "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    293            "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list,
    294            "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list,
    295            "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    296            "FORMAT": _parse_format,
    297            "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth,
    298        }
    299
    300        VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = {
    301            DataType.Type.NVARCHAR,
    302            DataType.Type.VARCHAR,
    303            DataType.Type.CHAR,
    304            DataType.Type.NCHAR,
    305        }
    306
    307        RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - {  # type: ignore
    308            TokenType.TABLE,
    309            *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS,  # type: ignore
    310        }
    311
    312        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    313            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    314            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(),
    315        }
    316
    317        def _parse_system_time(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    318            if not self._match_text_seq("FOR", "SYSTEM_TIME"):
    319                return None
    320
    321            if self._match_text_seq("AS", "OF"):
    322                system_time = self.expression(
    323                    exp.SystemTime, this=self._parse_bitwise(), kind="AS OF"
    324                )
    325            elif self._match_set((TokenType.FROM, TokenType.BETWEEN)):
    326                kind = self._prev.text
    327                this = self._parse_bitwise()
    328                self._match_texts(("TO", "AND"))
    329                expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    330                system_time = self.expression(
    331                    exp.SystemTime, this=this, expression=expression, kind=kind
    332                )
    333            elif self._match_text_seq("CONTAINED", "IN"):
    334                args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_bitwise)
    335                system_time = self.expression(
    336                    exp.SystemTime,
    337                    this=seq_get(args, 0),
    338                    expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    339                    kind="CONTAINED IN",
    340                )
    341            elif self._match(TokenType.ALL):
    342                system_time = self.expression(exp.SystemTime, kind="ALL")
    343            else:
    344                system_time = None
    345                self.raise_error("Unable to parse FOR SYSTEM_TIME clause")
    346
    347            return system_time
    348
    349        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    350            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    351            table.set("system_time", self._parse_system_time())
    352            return table
    353
    354        def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.Expression:
    355            table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS)
    356            returns = super()._parse_returns()
    357            returns.set("table", table)
    358            return returns
    359
    360        def _parse_convert(self, strict: bool) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    361            to = self._parse_types()
    362            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    363            this = self._parse_conjunction()
    364
    365            if not to or not this:
    366                return None
    367
    368            # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified
    369            if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES:
    370                to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False)
    371
    372            # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable
    373            if self._match(TokenType.COMMA):
    374                format_val = self._parse_number()
    375                format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else ""
    376
    377                if format_val_name not in TSQL.convert_format_mapping:
    378                    raise ValueError(
    379                        f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}"
    380                    )
    381
    382                format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.convert_format_mapping[format_val_name])
    383
    384                # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format
    385                if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE:
    386                    return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm)
    387                # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format
    388                elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME:
    389                    return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm)
    390                # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format
    391                elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES:
    392                    return self.expression(
    393                        exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast,
    394                        to=to,
    395                        this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm),
    396                    )
    397                elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT:
    398                    return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm)
    399
    400            # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement
    401            return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to)
    402
    403        def _parse_user_defined_function(
    404            self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None
    405        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    406            this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind)
    407
    408            if (
    409                kind == TokenType.FUNCTION
    410                or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    411                or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False)
    412            ):
    413                return this
    414
    415            expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter)
    416            return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions)
    417
    418    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    419        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
    420
    421        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    422            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    423            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    424            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    425            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2",
    426            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT",
    427        }
    428
    429        TRANSFORMS = {
    430            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    431            exp.DateAdd: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql,
    432            exp.DateDiff: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql,
    433            exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"),
    434            exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"),
    435            exp.If: rename_func("IIF"),
    436            exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql,
    437            exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql,
    438            exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql,
    439            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    440        }
    441
    442        TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty)
    443
    444        def systemtime_sql(self, expression: exp.SystemTime) -> str:
    445            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    446            if kind == "ALL":
    447                return "FOR SYSTEM_TIME ALL"
    448
    449            start = self.sql(expression, "this")
    450            if kind == "AS OF":
    451                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF {start}"
    452
    453            end = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    454            if kind == "FROM":
    455                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME FROM {start} TO {end}"
    456            if kind == "BETWEEN":
    457                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME BETWEEN {start} AND {end}"
    458
    459            return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME CONTAINED IN ({start}, {end})"
    460
    461        def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
    462            table = expression.args.get("table")
    463            table = f"{table} " if table else ""
    464            return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"

def generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql(self, e): View Source

     99def generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql(self, e):
    100    func = "DATEADD" if isinstance(e, exp.DateAdd) else "DATEDIFF"
    101    return self.func(func, e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this)

class TSQL(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    135class TSQL(Dialect):
    136    null_ordering = "nulls_are_small"
    137    time_format = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'"
    138
    139    time_mapping = {
    140        "year": "%Y",
    141        "qq": "%q",
    142        "q": "%q",
    143        "quarter": "%q",
    144        "dayofyear": "%j",
    145        "day": "%d",
    146        "dy": "%d",
    147        "y": "%Y",
    148        "week": "%W",
    149        "ww": "%W",
    150        "wk": "%W",
    151        "hour": "%h",
    152        "hh": "%I",
    153        "minute": "%M",
    154        "mi": "%M",
    155        "n": "%M",
    156        "second": "%S",
    157        "ss": "%S",
    158        "s": "%-S",
    159        "millisecond": "%f",
    160        "ms": "%f",
    161        "weekday": "%W",
    162        "dw": "%W",
    163        "month": "%m",
    164        "mm": "%M",
    165        "m": "%-M",
    166        "Y": "%Y",
    167        "YYYY": "%Y",
    168        "YY": "%y",
    169        "MMMM": "%B",
    170        "MMM": "%b",
    171        "MM": "%m",
    172        "M": "%-m",
    173        "dd": "%d",
    174        "d": "%-d",
    175        "HH": "%H",
    176        "H": "%-H",
    177        "h": "%-I",
    178        "S": "%f",
    179        "yyyy": "%Y",
    180        "yy": "%y",
    181    }
    182
    183    convert_format_mapping = {
    184        "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p",
    185        "1": "%m/%d/%y",
    186        "2": "%y.%m.%d",
    187        "3": "%d/%m/%y",
    188        "4": "%d.%m.%y",
    189        "5": "%d-%m-%y",
    190        "6": "%d %b %y",
    191        "7": "%b %d, %y",
    192        "8": "%H:%M:%S",
    193        "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p",
    194        "10": "mm-dd-yy",
    195        "11": "yy/mm/dd",
    196        "12": "yymmdd",
    197        "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f",
    198        "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f",
    199        "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
    200        "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
    201        "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p",
    202        "23": "%Y-%m-%d",
    203        "24": "%H:%M:%S",
    204        "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
    205        "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p",
    206        "101": "%m/%d/%Y",
    207        "102": "%Y.%m.%d",
    208        "103": "%d/%m/%Y",
    209        "104": "%d.%m.%Y",
    210        "105": "%d-%m-%Y",
    211        "106": "%d %b %Y",
    212        "107": "%b %d, %Y",
    213        "108": "%H:%M:%S",
    214        "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p",
    215        "110": "%m-%d-%Y",
    216        "111": "%Y/%m/%d",
    217        "112": "%Y%m%d",
    218        "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f",
    219        "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f",
    220        "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
    221        "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
    222    }
    223    # not sure if complete
    224    format_time_mapping = {
    225        "y": "%B %Y",
    226        "d": "%m/%d/%Y",
    227        "H": "%-H",
    228        "h": "%-I",
    229        "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
    230        "D": "%A,%B,%Y",
    231        "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p",
    232        "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p",
    233        "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p",
    234        "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p",
    235        "M": "%B %-d",
    236        "m": "%B %-d",
    237        "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",
    238        "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z",
    239        "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z",
    240        "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p",
    241        "t": "%-I:%M",
    242        "Y": "%a %Y",
    243    }
    244
    245    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    246        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]")]
    247
    248        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    249
    250        KEYWORDS = {
    251            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    252            "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME,
    253            "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    254            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    255            "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE,
    256            "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY,
    257            "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT,
    258            "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT,
    259            "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    260            "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE,
    261            "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT,
    262            "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
    263            "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME,
    264            "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY,
    265            "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT,
    266            "TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    267            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    268            "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER,
    269            "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT,
    270            "XML": TokenType.XML,
    271        }
    272
    273        # TSQL allows @, # to appear as a variable/identifier prefix
    274        SINGLE_TOKENS = tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
    275        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("@")
    276        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("#")
    277
    278    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    279        FUNCTIONS = {
    280            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
    281            "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    282                this=seq_get(args, 1),
    283                substr=seq_get(args, 0),
    284                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    285            ),
    286            "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list,
    287            "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
    288            "DATEDIFF": parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
    289            "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True),
    290            "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr),
    291            "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    292            "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    293            "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    294            "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list,
    295            "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list,
    296            "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    297            "FORMAT": _parse_format,
    298            "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth,
    299        }
    300
    301        VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = {
    302            DataType.Type.NVARCHAR,
    303            DataType.Type.VARCHAR,
    304            DataType.Type.CHAR,
    305            DataType.Type.NCHAR,
    306        }
    307
    308        RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - {  # type: ignore
    309            TokenType.TABLE,
    310            *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS,  # type: ignore
    311        }
    312
    313        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    314            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    315            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(),
    316        }
    317
    318        def _parse_system_time(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    319            if not self._match_text_seq("FOR", "SYSTEM_TIME"):
    320                return None
    321
    322            if self._match_text_seq("AS", "OF"):
    323                system_time = self.expression(
    324                    exp.SystemTime, this=self._parse_bitwise(), kind="AS OF"
    325                )
    326            elif self._match_set((TokenType.FROM, TokenType.BETWEEN)):
    327                kind = self._prev.text
    328                this = self._parse_bitwise()
    329                self._match_texts(("TO", "AND"))
    330                expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    331                system_time = self.expression(
    332                    exp.SystemTime, this=this, expression=expression, kind=kind
    333                )
    334            elif self._match_text_seq("CONTAINED", "IN"):
    335                args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_bitwise)
    336                system_time = self.expression(
    337                    exp.SystemTime,
    338                    this=seq_get(args, 0),
    339                    expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    340                    kind="CONTAINED IN",
    341                )
    342            elif self._match(TokenType.ALL):
    343                system_time = self.expression(exp.SystemTime, kind="ALL")
    344            else:
    345                system_time = None
    346                self.raise_error("Unable to parse FOR SYSTEM_TIME clause")
    347
    348            return system_time
    349
    350        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    351            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    352            table.set("system_time", self._parse_system_time())
    353            return table
    354
    355        def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.Expression:
    356            table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS)
    357            returns = super()._parse_returns()
    358            returns.set("table", table)
    359            return returns
    360
    361        def _parse_convert(self, strict: bool) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    362            to = self._parse_types()
    363            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    364            this = self._parse_conjunction()
    365
    366            if not to or not this:
    367                return None
    368
    369            # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified
    370            if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES:
    371                to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False)
    372
    373            # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable
    374            if self._match(TokenType.COMMA):
    375                format_val = self._parse_number()
    376                format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else ""
    377
    378                if format_val_name not in TSQL.convert_format_mapping:
    379                    raise ValueError(
    380                        f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}"
    381                    )
    382
    383                format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.convert_format_mapping[format_val_name])
    384
    385                # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format
    386                if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE:
    387                    return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm)
    388                # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format
    389                elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME:
    390                    return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm)
    391                # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format
    392                elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES:
    393                    return self.expression(
    394                        exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast,
    395                        to=to,
    396                        this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm),
    397                    )
    398                elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT:
    399                    return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm)
    400
    401            # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement
    402            return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to)
    403
    404        def _parse_user_defined_function(
    405            self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None
    406        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    407            this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind)
    408
    409            if (
    410                kind == TokenType.FUNCTION
    411                or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    412                or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False)
    413            ):
    414                return this
    415
    416            expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter)
    417            return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions)
    418
    419    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    420        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
    421
    422        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    423            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    424            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    425            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    426            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2",
    427            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT",
    428        }
    429
    430        TRANSFORMS = {
    431            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    432            exp.DateAdd: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql,
    433            exp.DateDiff: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql,
    434            exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"),
    435            exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"),
    436            exp.If: rename_func("IIF"),
    437            exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql,
    438            exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql,
    439            exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql,
    440            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    441        }
    442
    443        TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty)
    444
    445        def systemtime_sql(self, expression: exp.SystemTime) -> str:
    446            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    447            if kind == "ALL":
    448                return "FOR SYSTEM_TIME ALL"
    449
    450            start = self.sql(expression, "this")
    451            if kind == "AS OF":
    452                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF {start}"
    453
    454            end = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    455            if kind == "FROM":
    456                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME FROM {start} TO {end}"
    457            if kind == "BETWEEN":
    458                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME BETWEEN {start} AND {end}"
    459
    460            return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME CONTAINED IN ({start}, {end})"
    461
    462        def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
    463            table = expression.args.get("table")
    464            table = f"{table} " if table else ""
    465            return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  parser
  generator

class TSQL.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    245    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    246        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', ("[", "]")]
    247
    248        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
    249
    250        KEYWORDS = {
    251            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    252            "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME,
    253            "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    254            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    255            "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE,
    256            "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY,
    257            "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT,
    258            "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT,
    259            "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    260            "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE,
    261            "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT,
    262            "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
    263            "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME,
    264            "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY,
    265            "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT,
    266            "TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    267            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    268            "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER,
    269            "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT,
    270            "XML": TokenType.XML,
    271        }
    272
    273        # TSQL allows @, # to appear as a variable/identifier prefix
    274        SINGLE_TOKENS = tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
    275        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("@")
    276        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("#")

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize

class TSQL.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    278    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    279        FUNCTIONS = {
    280            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,  # type: ignore
    281            "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    282                this=seq_get(args, 1),
    283                substr=seq_get(args, 0),
    284                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    285            ),
    286            "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list,
    287            "DATEADD": parse_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
    288            "DATEDIFF": parse_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
    289            "DATENAME": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True),
    290            "DATEPART": _format_time_lambda(exp.TimeToStr),
    291            "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    292            "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    293            "IIF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    294            "LEN": exp.Length.from_arg_list,
    295            "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list,
    296            "JSON_VALUE": exp.JSONExtractScalar.from_arg_list,
    297            "FORMAT": _parse_format,
    298            "EOMONTH": _parse_eomonth,
    299        }
    300
    301        VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = {
    302            DataType.Type.NVARCHAR,
    303            DataType.Type.VARCHAR,
    304            DataType.Type.CHAR,
    305            DataType.Type.NCHAR,
    306        }
    307
    308        RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - {  # type: ignore
    309            TokenType.TABLE,
    310            *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS,  # type: ignore
    311        }
    312
    313        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    314            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    315            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(),
    316        }
    317
    318        def _parse_system_time(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    319            if not self._match_text_seq("FOR", "SYSTEM_TIME"):
    320                return None
    321
    322            if self._match_text_seq("AS", "OF"):
    323                system_time = self.expression(
    324                    exp.SystemTime, this=self._parse_bitwise(), kind="AS OF"
    325                )
    326            elif self._match_set((TokenType.FROM, TokenType.BETWEEN)):
    327                kind = self._prev.text
    328                this = self._parse_bitwise()
    329                self._match_texts(("TO", "AND"))
    330                expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    331                system_time = self.expression(
    332                    exp.SystemTime, this=this, expression=expression, kind=kind
    333                )
    334            elif self._match_text_seq("CONTAINED", "IN"):
    335                args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_bitwise)
    336                system_time = self.expression(
    337                    exp.SystemTime,
    338                    this=seq_get(args, 0),
    339                    expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    340                    kind="CONTAINED IN",
    341                )
    342            elif self._match(TokenType.ALL):
    343                system_time = self.expression(exp.SystemTime, kind="ALL")
    344            else:
    345                system_time = None
    346                self.raise_error("Unable to parse FOR SYSTEM_TIME clause")
    347
    348            return system_time
    349
    350        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    351            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    352            table.set("system_time", self._parse_system_time())
    353            return table
    354
    355        def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.Expression:
    356            table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS)
    357            returns = super()._parse_returns()
    358            returns.set("table", table)
    359            return returns
    360
    361        def _parse_convert(self, strict: bool) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    362            to = self._parse_types()
    363            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    364            this = self._parse_conjunction()
    365
    366            if not to or not this:
    367                return None
    368
    369            # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified
    370            if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES:
    371                to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False)
    372
    373            # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable
    374            if self._match(TokenType.COMMA):
    375                format_val = self._parse_number()
    376                format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else ""
    377
    378                if format_val_name not in TSQL.convert_format_mapping:
    379                    raise ValueError(
    380                        f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}"
    381                    )
    382
    383                format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.convert_format_mapping[format_val_name])
    384
    385                # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format
    386                if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE:
    387                    return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm)
    388                # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format
    389                elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME:
    390                    return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm)
    391                # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format
    392                elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES:
    393                    return self.expression(
    394                        exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast,
    395                        to=to,
    396                        this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm),
    397                    )
    398                elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT:
    399                    return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm)
    400
    401            # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement
    402            return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to)
    403
    404        def _parse_user_defined_function(
    405            self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None
    406        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    407            this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind)
    408
    409            if (
    410                kind == TokenType.FUNCTION
    411                or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    412                or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False)
    413            ):
    414                return this
    415
    416            expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter)
    417            return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions)

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the `sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer` and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: the desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.RAISE
- error_message_context: determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 50.
- index_offset: Index offset for arrays eg ARRAY[0] vs ARRAY[1] as the head of a list. Default: 0
- alias_post_tablesample: If the table alias comes after tablesample. Default: False
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- null_ordering: Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression

class TSQL.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    419    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    420        LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED = True
    421
    422        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    423            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    424            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    425            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    426            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2",
    427            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT",
    428        }
    429
    430        TRANSFORMS = {
    431            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    432            exp.DateAdd: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql,
    433            exp.DateDiff: generate_date_delta_with_unit_sql,
    434            exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"),
    435            exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"),
    436            exp.If: rename_func("IIF"),
    437            exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql,
    438            exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql,
    439            exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql,
    440            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    441        }
    442
    443        TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty)
    444
    445        def systemtime_sql(self, expression: exp.SystemTime) -> str:
    446            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    447            if kind == "ALL":
    448                return "FOR SYSTEM_TIME ALL"
    449
    450            start = self.sql(expression, "this")
    451            if kind == "AS OF":
    452                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF {start}"
    453
    454            end = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    455            if kind == "FROM":
    456                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME FROM {start} TO {end}"
    457            if kind == "BETWEEN":
    458                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME BETWEEN {start} AND {end}"
    459
    460            return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME CONTAINED IN ({start}, {end})"
    461
    462        def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
    463            table = expression.args.get("table")
    464            table = f"{table} " if table else ""
    465            return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"

Generator interprets the given syntax tree and produces a SQL string as an output.

###### Arguments:

- time_mapping (dict): the dictionary of custom time mappings in which the key represents a python time format and the output the target time format
- time_trie (trie): a trie of the time_mapping keys
- pretty (bool): if set to True the returned string will be formatted. Default: False.
- quote_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
- quote_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
- identifier_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
- identifier_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
- identify (bool): if set to True all identifiers will be delimited by the corresponding character.
- normalize (bool): if set to True all identifiers will lower cased
- string_escape (str): specifies a string escape character. Default: '.
- identifier_escape (str): specifies an identifier escape character. Default: ".
- pad (int): determines padding in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent (int): determines the size of indentation in a formatted string. Default: 4.
- unnest_column_only (bool): if true unnest table aliases are considered only as column aliases
- normalize_functions (str): normalize function names, "upper", "lower", or None Default: "upper"
- alias_post_tablesample (bool): if the table alias comes after tablesample Default: False
- unsupported_level (ErrorLevel): determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- null_ordering (str): Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"
- max_unsupported (int): Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma (bool): if the the comma is leading or trailing in select statements Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

def systemtime_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SystemTime) -> str: View Source

    445        def systemtime_sql(self, expression: exp.SystemTime) -> str:
    446            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    447            if kind == "ALL":
    448                return "FOR SYSTEM_TIME ALL"
    449
    450            start = self.sql(expression, "this")
    451            if kind == "AS OF":
    452                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF {start}"
    453
    454            end = self.sql(expression, "expression")
    455            if kind == "FROM":
    456                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME FROM {start} TO {end}"
    457            if kind == "BETWEEN":
    458                return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME BETWEEN {start} AND {end}"
    459
    460            return f"FOR SYSTEM_TIME CONTAINED IN ({start}, {end})"

def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty) -> str: View Source

    462        def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
    463            table = expression.args.get("table")
    464            table = f"{table} " if table else ""
    465            return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
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