sqlglot.dialects.snowflake API documentation

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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    datestrtodate_sql,
      9    format_time_lambda,
     10    inline_array_sql,
     11    min_or_least,
     12    rename_func,
     13    timestrtotime_sql,
     14    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
     15    var_map_sql,
     16)
     17from sqlglot.expressions import Literal
     18from sqlglot.helper import flatten, seq_get
     19from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     20
     21
     22def _check_int(s):
     23    if s[0] in ("-", "+"):
     24        return s[1:].isdigit()
     25    return s.isdigit()
     26
     27
     28# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
     29def _snowflake_to_timestamp(args):
     30    if len(args) == 2:
     31        first_arg, second_arg = args
     32        if second_arg.is_string:
     33            # case: <string_expr> [ , <format> ]
     34            return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
     35
     36        # case: <numeric_expr> [ , <scale> ]
     37        if second_arg.name not in ["0", "3", "9"]:
     38            raise ValueError(
     39                f"Scale for snowflake numeric timestamp is {second_arg}, but should be 0, 3, or 9"
     40            )
     41
     42        if second_arg.name == "0":
     43            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS
     44        elif second_arg.name == "3":
     45            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
     46        elif second_arg.name == "9":
     47            timescale = exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
     48
     49        return exp.UnixToTime(this=first_arg, scale=timescale)
     50
     51    first_arg = seq_get(args, 0)
     52    if not isinstance(first_arg, Literal):
     53        # case: <variant_expr>
     54        return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args)
     55
     56    if first_arg.is_string:
     57        if _check_int(first_arg.this):
     58            # case: <integer>
     59            return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     60
     61        # case: <date_expr>
     62        return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args)
     63
     64    # case: <numeric_expr>
     65    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
     66
     67
     68def _unix_to_time_sql(self, expression):
     69    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
     70    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
     71    if scale in [None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS]:
     72        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp})"
     73    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
     74        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp}, 3)"
     75    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
     76        return f"TO_TIMESTAMP({timestamp}, 9)"
     77
     78    raise ValueError("Improper scale for timestamp")
     79
     80
     81# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     82# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     83def _parse_date_part(self):
     84    this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     85    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     86    expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     87
     88    name = this.name.upper()
     89    if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     90        if name.startswith("EPOCH_MILLISECOND"):
     91            scale = 10**3
     92        elif name.startswith("EPOCH_MICROSECOND"):
     93            scale = 10**6
     94        elif name.startswith("EPOCH_NANOSECOND"):
     95            scale = 10**9
     96        else:
     97            scale = None
     98
     99        ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    100        to_unix = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    101
    102        if scale:
    103            to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    104
    105        return to_unix
    106
    107    return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    108
    109
    110# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
    111def _div0_to_if(args):
    112    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
    113    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
    114    false = exp.FloatDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
    115    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
    116
    117
    118# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
    119def _zeroifnull_to_if(args):
    120    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
    121    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
    122
    123
    124# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
    125def _nullifzero_to_if(args):
    126    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
    127    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
    128
    129
    130def _datatype_sql(self, expression):
    131    if expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY:
    132        return "ARRAY"
    133    elif expression.this == exp.DataType.Type.MAP:
    134        return "OBJECT"
    135    return self.datatype_sql(expression)
    136
    137
    138class Snowflake(Dialect):
    139    null_ordering = "nulls_are_large"
    140    time_format = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'"
    141
    142    time_mapping = {
    143        "YYYY": "%Y",
    144        "yyyy": "%Y",
    145        "YY": "%y",
    146        "yy": "%y",
    147        "MMMM": "%B",
    148        "mmmm": "%B",
    149        "MON": "%b",
    150        "mon": "%b",
    151        "MM": "%m",
    152        "mm": "%m",
    153        "DD": "%d",
    154        "dd": "%d",
    155        "d": "%-d",
    156        "DY": "%w",
    157        "dy": "%w",
    158        "HH24": "%H",
    159        "hh24": "%H",
    160        "HH12": "%I",
    161        "hh12": "%I",
    162        "MI": "%M",
    163        "mi": "%M",
    164        "SS": "%S",
    165        "ss": "%S",
    166        "FF": "%f",
    167        "ff": "%f",
    168        "FF6": "%f",
    169        "ff6": "%f",
    170    }
    171
    172    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    173        FUNCTIONS = {
    174            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    175            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    176            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    177            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    178                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    179                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    180                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
    181            ),
    182            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    183                unit=exp.Literal.string(seq_get(args, 0).name),  # type: ignore
    184                this=seq_get(args, 1),
    185            ),
    186            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    187            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    188            "TO_ARRAY": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    189            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _snowflake_to_timestamp,
    190            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    191            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    192            "DECODE": exp.Matches.from_arg_list,
    193            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": parser.parse_var_map,
    194            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    195            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    196        }
    197
    198        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    199            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    200            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    201        }
    202        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    203
    204        FUNC_TOKENS = {
    205            *parser.Parser.FUNC_TOKENS,
    206            TokenType.RLIKE,
    207            TokenType.TABLE,
    208        }
    209
    210        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    211            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,  # type: ignore
    212            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression(
    213                exp.Bracket,
    214                this=this,
    215                expressions=[path],
    216            ),
    217        }
    218
    219        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    220            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    221            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: lambda self, this: self._parse_escape(
    222                self.expression(exp.LikeAny, this=this, expression=self._parse_bitwise())
    223            ),
    224            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: lambda self, this: self._parse_escape(
    225                self.expression(exp.ILikeAny, this=this, expression=self._parse_bitwise())
    226            ),
    227        }
    228
    229        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    230            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    231            "UNSET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(unset=True),
    232            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(),
    233        }
    234
    235        INTEGER_DIVISION = False
    236
    237        def _parse_alter_table_set_tag(self, unset: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    238            self._match_text_seq("TAG")
    239            parser = t.cast(t.Callable, self._parse_id_var if unset else self._parse_conjunction)
    240            return self.expression(exp.SetTag, expressions=self._parse_csv(parser), unset=unset)
    241
    242    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    243        QUOTES = ["'", "$$"]
    244        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    245
    246        KEYWORDS = {
    247            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    248            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    249            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    250            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    251            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    252            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    253            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    254            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    255            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    256            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    257            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    258            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    259            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    260        }
    261
    262        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    263            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    264            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    265        }
    266
    267    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    268        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    269        INTEGER_DIVISION = False
    270        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    271
    272        TRANSFORMS = {
    273            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    274            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    275            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    276            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    277            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func("DATEADD", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this),
    278            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    279            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    280            exp.If: rename_func("IFF"),
    281            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    282            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    283            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    284            exp.Matches: rename_func("DECODE"),
    285            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    286                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    287            ),
    288            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    289            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    290            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    291            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    292            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"),
    293            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    294            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    295            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    296        }
    297
    298        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    299            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    300            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    301        }
    302
    303        STAR_MAPPING = {
    304            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    305            "replace": "RENAME",
    306        }
    307
    308        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    309            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
    310            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    311        }
    312
    313        def ilikeany_sql(self, expression: exp.ILikeAny) -> str:
    314            return self.binary(expression, "ILIKE ANY")
    315
    316        def likeany_sql(self, expression: exp.LikeAny) -> str:
    317            return self.binary(expression, "LIKE ANY")
    318
    319        def except_op(self, expression):
    320            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    321                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    322            return super().except_op(expression)
    323
    324        def intersect_op(self, expression):
    325            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    326                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    327            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    328
    329        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
    330            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted.
    331
    332            We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users
    333            from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.
    334            """
    335            alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    336            if alias and alias.args.get("columns"):
    337                expression = expression.transform(
    338                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    339                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier)
    340                    and isinstance(node.parent, exp.TableAlias)
    341                    and node.arg_key == "columns"
    342                    else node,
    343                )
    344                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).values_sql(expression))
    345            return super().values_sql(expression)
    346
    347        def settag_sql(self, expression: exp.SetTag) -> str:
    348            action = "UNSET" if expression.args.get("unset") else "SET"
    349            return f"{action} TAG {self.expressions(expression)}"
    350
    351        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    352            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted and also
    353            that all columns in a SELECT are unquoted. We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need
    354            to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when
    355            generating the SQL.
    356
    357            Note: We make an assumption that any columns referenced in a VALUES expression should be unquoted throughout the
    358            expression. This might not be true in a case where the same column name can be sourced from another table that can
    359            properly quote but should be true in most cases.
    360            """
    361            values_identifiers = set(
    362                flatten(
    363                    (v.args.get("alias") or exp.Alias()).args.get("columns", [])
    364                    for v in expression.find_all(exp.Values)
    365                )
    366            )
    367            if values_identifiers:
    368                expression = expression.transform(
    369                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    370                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier) and node in values_identifiers
    371                    else node,
    372                )
    373                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).select_sql(expression))
    374            return super().select_sql(expression)
    375
    376        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    377            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    378            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    379            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    380            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    381            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}"
    382
    383        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    384            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    385        ) -> str:
    386            start = expression.args.get("start")
    387            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    388            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    389            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    390            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    139class Snowflake(Dialect):
    140    null_ordering = "nulls_are_large"
    141    time_format = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'"
    142
    143    time_mapping = {
    144        "YYYY": "%Y",
    145        "yyyy": "%Y",
    146        "YY": "%y",
    147        "yy": "%y",
    148        "MMMM": "%B",
    149        "mmmm": "%B",
    150        "MON": "%b",
    151        "mon": "%b",
    152        "MM": "%m",
    153        "mm": "%m",
    154        "DD": "%d",
    155        "dd": "%d",
    156        "d": "%-d",
    157        "DY": "%w",
    158        "dy": "%w",
    159        "HH24": "%H",
    160        "hh24": "%H",
    161        "HH12": "%I",
    162        "hh12": "%I",
    163        "MI": "%M",
    164        "mi": "%M",
    165        "SS": "%S",
    166        "ss": "%S",
    167        "FF": "%f",
    168        "ff": "%f",
    169        "FF6": "%f",
    170        "ff6": "%f",
    171    }
    172
    173    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    174        FUNCTIONS = {
    175            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    176            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    177            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    178            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    179                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    180                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    181                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
    182            ),
    183            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    184                unit=exp.Literal.string(seq_get(args, 0).name),  # type: ignore
    185                this=seq_get(args, 1),
    186            ),
    187            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    188            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    189            "TO_ARRAY": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    190            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _snowflake_to_timestamp,
    191            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    192            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    193            "DECODE": exp.Matches.from_arg_list,
    194            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": parser.parse_var_map,
    195            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    196            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    197        }
    198
    199        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    200            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    201            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    202        }
    203        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    204
    205        FUNC_TOKENS = {
    206            *parser.Parser.FUNC_TOKENS,
    207            TokenType.RLIKE,
    208            TokenType.TABLE,
    209        }
    210
    211        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    212            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,  # type: ignore
    213            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression(
    214                exp.Bracket,
    215                this=this,
    216                expressions=[path],
    217            ),
    218        }
    219
    220        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    221            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    222            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: lambda self, this: self._parse_escape(
    223                self.expression(exp.LikeAny, this=this, expression=self._parse_bitwise())
    224            ),
    225            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: lambda self, this: self._parse_escape(
    226                self.expression(exp.ILikeAny, this=this, expression=self._parse_bitwise())
    227            ),
    228        }
    229
    230        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    231            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    232            "UNSET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(unset=True),
    233            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(),
    234        }
    235
    236        INTEGER_DIVISION = False
    237
    238        def _parse_alter_table_set_tag(self, unset: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    239            self._match_text_seq("TAG")
    240            parser = t.cast(t.Callable, self._parse_id_var if unset else self._parse_conjunction)
    241            return self.expression(exp.SetTag, expressions=self._parse_csv(parser), unset=unset)
    242
    243    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    244        QUOTES = ["'", "$$"]
    245        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    246
    247        KEYWORDS = {
    248            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    249            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    250            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    251            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    252            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    253            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    254            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    255            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    256            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    257            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    258            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    259            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    260            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    261        }
    262
    263        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    264            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    265            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    266        }
    267
    268    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    269        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    270        INTEGER_DIVISION = False
    271        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    272
    273        TRANSFORMS = {
    274            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    275            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    276            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    277            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    278            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func("DATEADD", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this),
    279            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    280            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    281            exp.If: rename_func("IFF"),
    282            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    283            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    284            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    285            exp.Matches: rename_func("DECODE"),
    286            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    287                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    288            ),
    289            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    290            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    291            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    292            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    293            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"),
    294            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    295            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    296            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    297        }
    298
    299        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    300            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    301            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    302        }
    303
    304        STAR_MAPPING = {
    305            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    306            "replace": "RENAME",
    307        }
    308
    309        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    310            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
    311            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    312        }
    313
    314        def ilikeany_sql(self, expression: exp.ILikeAny) -> str:
    315            return self.binary(expression, "ILIKE ANY")
    316
    317        def likeany_sql(self, expression: exp.LikeAny) -> str:
    318            return self.binary(expression, "LIKE ANY")
    319
    320        def except_op(self, expression):
    321            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    322                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    323            return super().except_op(expression)
    324
    325        def intersect_op(self, expression):
    326            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    327                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    328            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    329
    330        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
    331            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted.
    332
    333            We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users
    334            from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.
    335            """
    336            alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    337            if alias and alias.args.get("columns"):
    338                expression = expression.transform(
    339                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    340                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier)
    341                    and isinstance(node.parent, exp.TableAlias)
    342                    and node.arg_key == "columns"
    343                    else node,
    344                )
    345                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).values_sql(expression))
    346            return super().values_sql(expression)
    347
    348        def settag_sql(self, expression: exp.SetTag) -> str:
    349            action = "UNSET" if expression.args.get("unset") else "SET"
    350            return f"{action} TAG {self.expressions(expression)}"
    351
    352        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    353            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted and also
    354            that all columns in a SELECT are unquoted. We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need
    355            to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when
    356            generating the SQL.
    357
    358            Note: We make an assumption that any columns referenced in a VALUES expression should be unquoted throughout the
    359            expression. This might not be true in a case where the same column name can be sourced from another table that can
    360            properly quote but should be true in most cases.
    361            """
    362            values_identifiers = set(
    363                flatten(
    364                    (v.args.get("alias") or exp.Alias()).args.get("columns", [])
    365                    for v in expression.find_all(exp.Values)
    366                )
    367            )
    368            if values_identifiers:
    369                expression = expression.transform(
    370                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    371                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier) and node in values_identifiers
    372                    else node,
    373                )
    374                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).select_sql(expression))
    375            return super().select_sql(expression)
    376
    377        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    378            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    379            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    380            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    381            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    382            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}"
    383
    384        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    385            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    386        ) -> str:
    387            start = expression.args.get("start")
    388            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    389            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    390            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    391            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  parser
  generator

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    173    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    174        FUNCTIONS = {
    175            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    176            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
    177            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
    178            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    179                this=seq_get(args, 2),
    180                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    181                unit=seq_get(args, 0),
    182            ),
    183            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    184                unit=exp.Literal.string(seq_get(args, 0).name),  # type: ignore
    185                this=seq_get(args, 1),
    186            ),
    187            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
    188            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    189            "TO_ARRAY": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    190            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _snowflake_to_timestamp,
    191            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
    192            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    193            "DECODE": exp.Matches.from_arg_list,
    194            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": parser.parse_var_map,
    195            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
    196            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
    197        }
    198
    199        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    200            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    201            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
    202        }
    203        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    204
    205        FUNC_TOKENS = {
    206            *parser.Parser.FUNC_TOKENS,
    207            TokenType.RLIKE,
    208            TokenType.TABLE,
    209        }
    210
    211        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
    212            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,  # type: ignore
    213            TokenType.COLON: lambda self, this, path: self.expression(
    214                exp.Bracket,
    215                this=this,
    216                expressions=[path],
    217            ),
    218        }
    219
    220        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    221            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    222            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: lambda self, this: self._parse_escape(
    223                self.expression(exp.LikeAny, this=this, expression=self._parse_bitwise())
    224            ),
    225            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: lambda self, this: self._parse_escape(
    226                self.expression(exp.ILikeAny, this=this, expression=self._parse_bitwise())
    227            ),
    228        }
    229
    230        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    231            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,  # type: ignore
    232            "UNSET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(unset=True),
    233            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_set_tag(),
    234        }
    235
    236        INTEGER_DIVISION = False
    237
    238        def _parse_alter_table_set_tag(self, unset: bool = False) -> exp.Expression:
    239            self._match_text_seq("TAG")
    240            parser = t.cast(t.Callable, self._parse_id_var if unset else self._parse_conjunction)
    241            return self.expression(exp.SetTag, expressions=self._parse_csv(parser), unset=unset)

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the `sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer` and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: the desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.RAISE
- error_message_context: determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 50.
- index_offset: Index offset for arrays eg ARRAY[0] vs ARRAY[1] as the head of a list. Default: 0
- alias_post_tablesample: If the table alias comes after tablesample. Default: False
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- null_ordering: Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    243    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    244        QUOTES = ["'", "$$"]
    245        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    246
    247        KEYWORDS = {
    248            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    249            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    250            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    251            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    252            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    253            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    254            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
    255            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
    256            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    257            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    258            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    259            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    260            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    261        }
    262
    263        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    264            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    265            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    266        }

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    268    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    269        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
    270        INTEGER_DIVISION = False
    271        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
    272
    273        TRANSFORMS = {
    274            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,  # type: ignore
    275            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    276            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
    277            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
    278            exp.DateAdd: lambda self, e: self.func("DATEADD", e.text("unit"), e.expression, e.this),
    279            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    280            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
    281            exp.If: rename_func("IFF"),
    282            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    283            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    284            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    285            exp.Matches: rename_func("DECODE"),
    286            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
    287                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
    288            ),
    289            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
    290            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    291            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    292            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    293            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("snowflake"),
    294            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    295            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    296            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    297        }
    298
    299        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    300            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,  # type: ignore
    301            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
    302        }
    303
    304        STAR_MAPPING = {
    305            "except": "EXCLUDE",
    306            "replace": "RENAME",
    307        }
    308
    309        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    310            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,  # type: ignore
    311            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    312        }
    313
    314        def ilikeany_sql(self, expression: exp.ILikeAny) -> str:
    315            return self.binary(expression, "ILIKE ANY")
    316
    317        def likeany_sql(self, expression: exp.LikeAny) -> str:
    318            return self.binary(expression, "LIKE ANY")
    319
    320        def except_op(self, expression):
    321            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    322                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    323            return super().except_op(expression)
    324
    325        def intersect_op(self, expression):
    326            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    327                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    328            return super().intersect_op(expression)
    329
    330        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
    331            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted.
    332
    333            We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users
    334            from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.
    335            """
    336            alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    337            if alias and alias.args.get("columns"):
    338                expression = expression.transform(
    339                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    340                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier)
    341                    and isinstance(node.parent, exp.TableAlias)
    342                    and node.arg_key == "columns"
    343                    else node,
    344                )
    345                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).values_sql(expression))
    346            return super().values_sql(expression)
    347
    348        def settag_sql(self, expression: exp.SetTag) -> str:
    349            action = "UNSET" if expression.args.get("unset") else "SET"
    350            return f"{action} TAG {self.expressions(expression)}"
    351
    352        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    353            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted and also
    354            that all columns in a SELECT are unquoted. We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need
    355            to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when
    356            generating the SQL.
    357
    358            Note: We make an assumption that any columns referenced in a VALUES expression should be unquoted throughout the
    359            expression. This might not be true in a case where the same column name can be sourced from another table that can
    360            properly quote but should be true in most cases.
    361            """
    362            values_identifiers = set(
    363                flatten(
    364                    (v.args.get("alias") or exp.Alias()).args.get("columns", [])
    365                    for v in expression.find_all(exp.Values)
    366                )
    367            )
    368            if values_identifiers:
    369                expression = expression.transform(
    370                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    371                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier) and node in values_identifiers
    372                    else node,
    373                )
    374                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).select_sql(expression))
    375            return super().select_sql(expression)
    376
    377        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    378            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    379            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    380            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    381            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    382            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}"
    383
    384        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    385            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    386        ) -> str:
    387            start = expression.args.get("start")
    388            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    389            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    390            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    391            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

Generator interprets the given syntax tree and produces a SQL string as an output.

###### Arguments:

- time_mapping (dict): the dictionary of custom time mappings in which the key represents a python time format and the output the target time format
- time_trie (trie): a trie of the time_mapping keys
- pretty (bool): if set to True the returned string will be formatted. Default: False.
- quote_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
- quote_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit quotes. Default: '.
- identifier_start (str): specifies which starting character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
- identifier_end (str): specifies which ending character to use to delimit identifiers. Default: ".
- identify (bool): if set to True all identifiers will be delimited by the corresponding character.
- normalize (bool): if set to True all identifiers will lower cased
- string_escape (str): specifies a string escape character. Default: '.
- identifier_escape (str): specifies an identifier escape character. Default: ".
- pad (int): determines padding in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent (int): determines the size of indentation in a formatted string. Default: 4.
- unnest_column_only (bool): if true unnest table aliases are considered only as column aliases
- normalize_functions (str): normalize function names, "upper", "lower", or None Default: "upper"
- alias_post_tablesample (bool): if the table alias comes after tablesample Default: False
- unsupported_level (ErrorLevel): determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- null_ordering (str): Indicates the default null ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Options are "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last". Default: "nulls_are_small"
- max_unsupported (int): Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma (bool): if the the comma is leading or trailing in select statements Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

def ilikeany_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ILikeAny) -> str: View Source

    314        def ilikeany_sql(self, expression: exp.ILikeAny) -> str:
    315            return self.binary(expression, "ILIKE ANY")

def likeany_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.LikeAny) -> str: View Source

    317        def likeany_sql(self, expression: exp.LikeAny) -> str:
    318            return self.binary(expression, "LIKE ANY")

def except_op(self, expression): View Source

    320        def except_op(self, expression):
    321            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    322                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    323            return super().except_op(expression)

def intersect_op(self, expression): View Source

    325        def intersect_op(self, expression):
    326            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    327                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
    328            return super().intersect_op(expression)

def values_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values) -> str: View Source

    330        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
    331            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted.
    332
    333            We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users
    334            from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.
    335            """
    336            alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    337            if alias and alias.args.get("columns"):
    338                expression = expression.transform(
    339                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    340                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier)
    341                    and isinstance(node.parent, exp.TableAlias)
    342                    and node.arg_key == "columns"
    343                    else node,
    344                )
    345                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).values_sql(expression))
    346            return super().values_sql(expression)

Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted.

We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.

def settag_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SetTag) -> str: View Source

    348        def settag_sql(self, expression: exp.SetTag) -> str:
    349            action = "UNSET" if expression.args.get("unset") else "SET"
    350            return f"{action} TAG {self.expressions(expression)}"

def select_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Select) -> str: View Source

    352        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    353            """Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted and also
    354            that all columns in a SELECT are unquoted. We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need
    355            to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when
    356            generating the SQL.
    357
    358            Note: We make an assumption that any columns referenced in a VALUES expression should be unquoted throughout the
    359            expression. This might not be true in a case where the same column name can be sourced from another table that can
    360            properly quote but should be true in most cases.
    361            """
    362            values_identifiers = set(
    363                flatten(
    364                    (v.args.get("alias") or exp.Alias()).args.get("columns", [])
    365                    for v in expression.find_all(exp.Values)
    366                )
    367            )
    368            if values_identifiers:
    369                expression = expression.transform(
    370                    lambda node: exp.Identifier(**{**node.args, "quoted": False})
    371                    if isinstance(node, exp.Identifier) and node in values_identifiers
    372                    else node,
    373                )
    374                return self.no_identify(lambda: super(self.__class__, self).select_sql(expression))
    375            return super().select_sql(expression)

Due to a bug in Snowflake we want to make sure that all columns in a VALUES table alias are unquoted and also that all columns in a SELECT are unquoted. We also want to make sure that after we find matches where we need to unquote a column that we prevent users from adding quotes to the column by using the `identify` argument when generating the SQL.

Note: We make an assumption that any columns referenced in a VALUES expression should be unquoted throughout the expression. This might not be true in a case where the same column name can be sourced from another table that can properly quote but should be true in most cases.

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    377        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    378            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    379            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    380            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    381            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    382            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    384        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    385            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    386        ) -> str:
    387            start = expression.args.get("start")
    388            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    389            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    390            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    391            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  create_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  afterjournalproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
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  var_sql
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  group_sql
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  lambda_sql
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  literal_sql
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  null_sql
  boolean_sql
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  sort_sql
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  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  schema_sql
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  parameter_sql
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  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
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  unnest_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
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  window_spec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
  all_sql
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  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  extract_sql
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  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  unique_sql
  if_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  aliases_sql
  attimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
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  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
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  altercolumn_sql
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  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
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  intdiv_sql
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  glob_sql
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  ilike_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
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  mod_sql
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  nullsafeeq_sql
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  or_sql
  slice_sql
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  trycast_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
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  expressions
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  naked_property
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  tag_sql
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  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql