Date: 2025-03-29T05:58:41+00:00

Actual source code: ex78.c

      1: static char help[] = "Newton methods to solve u''  = f in parallel with periodic boundary conditions.\n\n";

      3: /*
      4:    Compare this example to ex3.c that handles Dirichlet boundary conditions

      6:    Though this is a linear problem it is treated as a nonlinear problem in this example to demonstrate
      7:    handling periodic boundary conditions for nonlinear problems.

      9:    Include "petscdmda.h" so that we can use distributed arrays (DMDAs).
     10:    Include "petscsnes.h" so that we can use SNES solvers.  Note that this
     11:    file automatically includes:
     12:      petscsys.h       - base PETSc routines   petscvec.h - vectors
     13:      petscmat.h - matrices
     14:      petscis.h     - index sets            petscksp.h - Krylov subspace methods
     15:      petscviewer.h - viewers               petscpc.h  - preconditioners
     16:      petscksp.h   - linear solvers
     17: */

     19: #include <petscdm.h>
     20: #include <petscdmda.h>
     21: #include <petscsnes.h>

     23: PetscErrorCode FormJacobian(SNES, Vec, Mat, Mat, void *);
     24: PetscErrorCode FormFunction(SNES, Vec, Vec, void *);

     26: int main(int argc, char **argv)
     27: {
     28:   SNES         snes; /* SNES context */
     29:   Mat          J;    /* Jacobian matrix */
     30:   DM           da;
     31:   Vec          x, r; /* vectors */
     32:   PetscInt     N = 5;
     33:   MatNullSpace constants;

     35:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
     36:   PetscCall(PetscInitialize(&argc, &argv, NULL, help));
     37:   PetscCall(PetscOptionsGetInt(NULL, NULL, "-n", &N, NULL));

     39:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
     40:      Create nonlinear solver context
     41:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

     43:   PetscCall(SNESCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, &snes));

     45:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
     46:      Create vector data structures; set function evaluation routine
     47:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

     49:   /*
     50:      Create distributed array (DMDA) to manage parallel grid and vectors
     51:   */
     52:   PetscCall(DMDACreate1d(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, DM_BOUNDARY_PERIODIC, N, 1, 1, NULL, &da));
     53:   PetscCall(DMSetFromOptions(da));
     54:   PetscCall(DMSetUp(da));

     56:   /*
     57:      Extract global and local vectors from DMDA; then duplicate for remaining
     58:      vectors that are the same types
     59:   */
     60:   PetscCall(DMCreateGlobalVector(da, &x));
     61:   PetscCall(VecDuplicate(x, &r));

     63:   /*
     64:      Set function evaluation routine and vector.  Whenever the nonlinear
     65:      solver needs to compute the nonlinear function, it will call this
     66:      routine.
     67:       - Note that the final routine argument is the user-defined
     68:         context that provides application-specific data for the
     69:         function evaluation routine.
     70:   */
     71:   PetscCall(SNESSetFunction(snes, r, FormFunction, da));

     73:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
     74:      Create matrix data structure; set Jacobian evaluation routine
     75:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
     76:   PetscCall(DMCreateMatrix(da, &J));
     77:   PetscCall(MatNullSpaceCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, PETSC_TRUE, 0, NULL, &constants));
     78:   PetscCall(MatSetNullSpace(J, constants));
     79:   PetscCall(SNESSetJacobian(snes, J, J, FormJacobian, da));

     81:   PetscCall(SNESSetFromOptions(snes));
     82:   PetscCall(SNESSolve(snes, NULL, x));

     84:   PetscCall(VecDestroy(&x));
     85:   PetscCall(VecDestroy(&r));
     86:   PetscCall(MatDestroy(&J));
     87:   PetscCall(MatNullSpaceDestroy(&constants));
     88:   PetscCall(SNESDestroy(&snes));
     89:   PetscCall(DMDestroy(&da));
     90:   PetscCall(PetscFinalize());
     91:   return 0;
     92: }

     94: /*
     95:    FormFunction - Evaluates nonlinear function, F(x).

     97:    Input Parameters:
     98: .  snes - the SNES context
     99: .  x - input vector
    100: .  ctx - optional user-defined context, as set by SNESSetFunction()

    102:    Output Parameter:
    103: .  f - function vector

    105:    Note:
    106:    The user-defined context can contain any application-specific
    107:    data needed for the function evaluation.
    108: */
    109: PetscErrorCode FormFunction(SNES snes, Vec x, Vec f, void *ctx)
    110: {
    111:   DM           da = (DM)ctx;
    112:   PetscScalar *xx, *ff;
    113:   PetscReal    h;
    114:   PetscInt     i, M, xs, xm;
    115:   Vec          xlocal;

    117:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
    118:   /* Get local work vector */
    119:   PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(da, &xlocal));

    121:   /*
    122:      Scatter ghost points to local vector, using the 2-step process
    123:         DMGlobalToLocalBegin(), DMGlobalToLocalEnd().
    124:      By placing code between these two statements, computations can
    125:      be done while messages are in transition.
    126:   */
    127:   PetscCall(DMGlobalToLocalBegin(da, x, INSERT_VALUES, xlocal));
    128:   PetscCall(DMGlobalToLocalEnd(da, x, INSERT_VALUES, xlocal));

    130:   /*
    131:      Get pointers to vector data.
    132:        - The vector xlocal includes ghost point; the vectors x and f do
    133:          NOT include ghost points.
    134:        - Using DMDAVecGetArray() allows accessing the values using global ordering
    135:   */
    136:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(da, xlocal, &xx));
    137:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(da, f, &ff));

    139:   /*
    140:      Get local grid boundaries (for 1-dimensional DMDA):
    141:        xs, xm  - starting grid index, width of local grid (no ghost points)
    142:   */
    143:   PetscCall(DMDAGetCorners(da, &xs, NULL, NULL, &xm, NULL, NULL));
    144:   PetscCall(DMDAGetInfo(da, NULL, &M, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL));

    146:   /*
    147:      Compute function over locally owned part of the grid
    148:      Note the [i-1] and [i+1] will automatically access the ghost points from other processes or the periodic points.
    149:   */
    150:   h = 1.0 / M;
    151:   for (i = xs; i < xs + xm; i++) ff[i] = (xx[i - 1] - 2.0 * xx[i] + xx[i + 1]) / (h * h) - PetscSinReal(2.0 * PETSC_PI * i * h);

    153:   /*
    154:      Restore vectors
    155:   */
    156:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(da, xlocal, &xx));
    157:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(da, f, &ff));
    158:   PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(da, &xlocal));
    159:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
    160: }
    161: /* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    162: /*
    163:    FormJacobian - Evaluates Jacobian matrix.

    165:    Input Parameters:
    166: .  snes - the SNES context
    167: .  x - input vector
    168: .  dummy - optional user-defined context (not used here)

    170:    Output Parameters:
    171: .  jac - Jacobian matrix
    172: .  B - optionally different preconditioning matrix
    173: */
    174: PetscErrorCode FormJacobian(SNES snes, Vec x, Mat jac, Mat B, void *ctx)
    175: {
    176:   PetscScalar *xx, A[3];
    177:   PetscInt     i, M, xs, xm;
    178:   DM           da = (DM)ctx;
    179:   MatStencil   row, cols[3];
    180:   PetscReal    h;

    182:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
    183:   /*
    184:      Get pointer to vector data
    185:   */
    186:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArrayRead(da, x, &xx));
    187:   PetscCall(DMDAGetCorners(da, &xs, NULL, NULL, &xm, NULL, NULL));

    189:   /*
    190:     Get range of locally owned matrix
    191:   */
    192:   PetscCall(DMDAGetInfo(da, NULL, &M, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL));

    194:   PetscCall(MatZeroEntries(jac));
    195:   h = 1.0 / M;
    196:   /* because of periodic boundary conditions we can simply loop over all local nodes and access to the left and right */
    197:   for (i = xs; i < xs + xm; i++) {
    198:     row.i     = i;
    199:     cols[0].i = i - 1;
    200:     cols[1].i = i;
    201:     cols[2].i = i + 1;
    202:     A[0] = A[2] = 1.0 / (h * h);
    203:     A[1]        = -2.0 / (h * h);
    204:     PetscCall(MatSetValuesStencil(jac, 1, &row, 3, cols, A, ADD_VALUES));
    205:   }

    207:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArrayRead(da, x, &xx));
    208:   PetscCall(MatAssemblyBegin(jac, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
    209:   PetscCall(MatAssemblyEnd(jac, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
    210:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
    211: }

    213: /*TEST

    215:    test:
    216:       args: -snes_monitor_short -ksp_monitor_short -pc_type sor -snes_converged_reason -da_refine 3
    217:       requires: !single

    219:    test:
    220:       suffix: 2
    221:       args: -snes_monitor_short -ksp_monitor_short -pc_type sor -snes_converged_reason -da_refine 3 -snes_type newtontrdc
    222:       requires: !single

    224:    test:
    225:       suffix: 3
    226:       args: -snes_monitor_short -ksp_monitor_short -pc_type sor -snes_converged_reason -da_refine 3 -snes_type newtontrdc -snes_trdc_use_cauchy false
    227:       requires: !single

    229: TEST*/