# 9.5. Removed MPI constructs

Starting with v4.0.0, Open MPI — by default — removes the prototypes from `mpi.h` for MPI symbols that were deprecated in 1996 in the MPI-2.0 standard, and finally removed from the MPI-3.0 standard (2012).

Specifically, the following symbols (specified in the MPI language-neutral names) are no longer prototyped in `mpi.h` by default:

Note

You may need to scroll right in the following table.

Removed symbol (click for more details, below) | Replaced with (click to go to the corresponding man page) | Deprecated | Removed
--- | --- | --- | ---
MPI_ADDRESS | MPI_GET_ADDRESS | MPI-2.0 (1996) | MPI-3.0 (2012)
MPI_ERRHANDLER_CREATE | MPI_COMM_CREATE_ERRHANDLER | MPI-2.0 (1996) | MPI-3.0 (2012)
MPI_ERRHANDLER_GET | MPI_COMM_GET_ERRHANDLER | MPI-2.0 (1996) | MPI-3.0 (2012)
MPI_ERRHANDLER_SET | MPI_COMM_SET_ERRHANDLER | MPI-2.0 (1996) | MPI-3.0 (2012)
MPI_TYPE_EXTENT | MPI_TYPE_GET_EXTENT | MPI-2.0 (1996) | MPI-3.0 (2012)
MPI_TYPE_HINDEXED | MPI_TYPE_CREATE_HINDEXED | MPI-2.0 (1996) | MPI-3.0 (2012)
MPI_TYPE_HVECTOR | MPI_TYPE_CREATE_HVECTOR | MPI-2.0 (1996) | MPI-3.0 (2012)
MPI_TYPE_LB | MPI_TYPE_GET_EXTENT | MPI-2.0 (1996) | MPI-3.0 (2012)
MPI_TYPE_STRUCT | MPI_TYPE_CREATE_STRUCT | MPI-2.0 (1996) | MPI-3.0 (2012)
MPI_TYPE_UB | MPI_TYPE_GET_EXTENT | MPI-2.0 (1996) | MPI-3.0 (2012)
MPI_LB | MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED | MPI-2.0 (1996) | MPI-3.0 (2012)
MPI_UB | MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED | MPI-2.0 (1996) | MPI-3.0 (2012)
MPI_COMBINED_HINDEXED_INTEGER | MPI_COMBINER_HINDEXED | MPI-2.0 (1996) | MPI-3.0 (2012)
MPI_COMBINED_HVECTOR_INTEGER | MPI_COMBINER_HVECTOR | MPI-2.0 (1996) | MPI-3.0 (2012)
MPI_COMBINED_STRUCT_INTEGER | MPI_COMBINER_STRUCT | MPI-2.0 (1996) | MPI-3.0 (2012)
MPI_HANDLER_FUNCTION | MPI_COMM_ERRHANDLER_FUNCTION | MPI-2.0 (1996) | MPI-3.0 (2012)

Although these symbols are no longer prototyped in `mpi.h`, they are still present in the MPI library in Open MPI v5.0.x. This enables legacy MPI applications to link and run successfully with Open MPI v5.0.x, even though they will fail to compile.

Furthermore, the MPI C++ interfaces were deprecated in version 2.2, and then were removed in MPI-3.0. Starting from v5.0.0, Open MPI does not support the C++ interfaces any more. Users who would like to continue using the C++ interfaces of MPI will need to use an older release of Open MPI.

Warning

The Open MPI team strongly encourages all MPI application developers to stop using these constructs that were first deprecated over 20 years ago, and finally removed from the MPI specification in MPI-3.0 (in 2012).

The FAQ items in this category show how to update your application to stop using these removed symbols.

All that being said, if you are unable to immediately update your application to stop using these removed MPI-1 symbols, you can re-enable them in `mpi.h` by configuring Open MPI with the `--enable-mpi1-compatibility` flag.

Note

Future releases of Open MPI may remove these symbols altogether.

## 9.5.1. Why is Open MPI breaking the compilation of MPI applications?

The Open MPI developer community decided to take a first step of removing prototypes of deprecated functions from `mpi.h` starting with the Open MPI v4.0.x series for the following reasons:

1. The first set of symbols have been deprecated since 1996. It’s time to start raising awareness for developers who are inadvertently still using these removed symbols.

2. The MPI Forum removed a substantial set of symbols from the MPI-3.0 specification in 2012. This is a sign that the Forum itself recognizes that these removed symbols are no longer needed.

3. More functions have been deprecated in MPI 2.2 and MPI 4.0, and additional functions are expected to be deprecated and removed in future MPI versions. It is in the interest of both, developers and end-users, to minimize confusion as much as possible, and stick closely to the MPI specification.

4. Note that Open MPI did not fully remove these removed symbols: we just made it slightly more painful to get to them. This is an attempt to raise awareness so that MPI application developers can update their applications (it’s easy!).

In short: the only way to finally be able to remove these removed symbols from Open MPI someday is to have a “grace period” where the MPI application developers are a) made aware that they are using removed symbols, and b) educated how to update their applications.

We, the Open MPI developers, recognize that your MPI application failing to compile with Open MPI may be a nasty surprise. We apologize for that.

Our intent is simply to use this minor shock to raise awareness and use it as an educational opportunity to show you how to update your application (or direct your friendly neighborhood MPI application developer to this FAQ) to stop using these removed MPI symbols.

Thank you!

## 9.5.2. Stop using MPI_ADDRESS

In C, the only thing that changed was the function name: `MPI_Address()` → `MPI_Get_address()`. Nothing else needs to change:

    char buffer[30];
    MPI_Aint address;

    // Old way
    MPI_Address(buffer, &address);

    // New way
    MPI_Get_address(buffer, &address);

In Fortran, the type of the parameter changed from `INTEGER` → `INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND)` so that it can hold larger values (e.g., 64 bit pointers):

    USE mpi
    REAL buffer
    INTEGER ierror
    INTEGER old_address
    INTEGER(KIND = MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) new_address

    ! Old way
    CALL MPI_ADDRESS(buffer, old_address, ierror)

    ! New way
    CALL MPI_GET_ADDRESS(buffer, new_address, ierror)

## 9.5.3. Stop using MPI_ERRHANDLER_CREATE

In C, effectively the only thing that changed was the name of the function: `MPI_Errhandler_create()` → `MPI_Comm_create_errhandler()`.

Technically, the type of the first parameter also changed (`MPI_Handler_function` → `MPI_Comm_errhandler_function`), but most applications do not use this type directly and may not even notice the change.

    void my_errhandler_function(MPI_Comm *comm, int *code, ...)
    {
        // Do something useful to handle the error
    }

    void some_function(void)
    {
        MPI_Errhandler my_handler;

        // Old way
        MPI_Errhandler_create(my_errhandler_function, &my_handler);

        // New way
        MPI_Comm_create_errhandler(my_errhandler_function, &my_handler);
    }

In Fortran, only the subroutine name changed: `MPI_ERRHANDLER_CREATE` → `MPI_COMM_CREATE_ERRHANDLER`.

    USE mpi
    EXTERNAL my_errhandler_function
    INTEGER ierror
    INTEGER my_handler

    ! Old way
    CALL MPI_ERRHANDLER_CREATE(my_errhandler_function, my_handler, ierror)

    ! New way
    CALL MPI_COMM_CREATE_ERRHANDLER(my_errhandler_function, my_handler, ierror)

## 9.5.4. Stop using MPI_ERRHANDLER_GET

In both C and Fortran, the only thing that changed with regards to `MPI_ERRHANDLER_GET` is the name: `MPI_ERRHANDLER_GET` → `MPI_COMM_GET_ERRHANDLER`.

All parameter types stayed the same.

## 9.5.5. Stop using MPI_ERRHANDLER_SET

In both C and Fortran, the only thing that changed with regards to `MPI_ERRHANDLER_SET` is the name: `MPI_ERRHANDLER_SET` → `MPI_COMM_SET_ERRHANDLER`.

All parameter types stayed the same.

## 9.5.6. Stop using MPI_TYPE_HINDEXED

In both C and Fortran, effectively the only change is the name of the function: `MPI_TYPE_HINDEXED` → `MPI_TYPE_CREATE_HINDEXED`.

In C, the new function also has a `const` attribute on the two array parameters, but most applications won’t notice the difference.

All other parameter types stayed the same.

    int count = 2;
    int block_lengths[] = { 1, 2 };
    MPI_Aint displacements[] = { 0, sizeof(int) };
    MPI_Datatype newtype;

    // Old way
    MPI_Type_hindexed(count, block_lengths, displacements, MPI_INT, &newtype);

    // New way
    MPI_Type_create_hindexed(count, block_lengths, displacements, MPI_INT, &newtype);

## 9.5.7. Stop using MPI_TYPE_HVECTOR

In both C and Fortran, the only change is the name of the function: `MPI_TYPE_HVECTOR` → `MPI_TYPE_CREATE_HVECTOR`.

All parameter types stayed the same.

## 9.5.8. Stop using MPI_TYPE_STRUCT

In both C and Fortran, effectively the only change is the name of the function: `MPI_TYPE_STRUCT` → `MPI_TYPE_CREATE_STRUCT`.

In C, the new function also has a `const` attribute on the three array parameters, but most applications won’t notice the difference.

All other parameter types stayed the same.

    int count = 2;
    int block_lengths[] = { 1, 2 };
    MPI_Aint displacements[] = { 0, sizeof(int) };
    MPI_Datatype datatypes[] = { MPI_INT, MPI_DOUBLE };
    MPI_Datatype newtype;

    // Old way
    MPI_Type_struct(count, block_lengths, displacements, datatypes, &newtype);

    // New way
    MPI_Type_create_struct(count, block_lengths, displacements, datatypes, &newtype);

## 9.5.9. Stop using MPI_TYPE_EXTENT

In both C and Fortran, the `MPI_TYPE_EXTENT` function is superseded by the slightly-different `MPI_TYPE_GET_EXTENT` function: the new function also returns the lower bound.

    MPI_Aint lb;
    MPI_Aint extent;

    // Old way
    MPI_Type_extent(MPI_INT, &extent);

    // New way
    MPI_Type_get_extent(MPI_INT, &lb, &extent);

## 9.5.10. Stop using MPI_TYPE_LB

In both C and Fortran, the `MPI_TYPE_LB` function is superseded by the slightly-different `MPI_TYPE_GET_EXTENT` function: the new function also returns the extent.

    MPI_Aint lb;
    MPI_Aint extent;

    // Old way
    MPI_Type_lb(MPI_INT, &lb);

    // New way
    MPI_Type_get_extent(MPI_INT, &lb, &extent);

## 9.5.11. Stop using MPI_TYPE_UB

In both C and Fortran, the `MPI_TYPE_UB` function is superseded by the slightly-different `MPI_TYPE_GET_EXTENT` function: the new function returns the lower bound and the extent, which can be used to compute the upper bound.

    MPI_Aint lb, ub;
    MPI_Aint extent;

    // Old way
    MPI_Type_ub(MPI_INT, &ub);

    // New way
    MPI_Type_get_extent(MPI_INT, &lb, &extent);
    ub = lb + extent

Note the `ub` calculation after calling `MPI_Type_get_extent()`.

## 9.5.12. Stop using MPI_LB / MPI_UB

The `MPI_LB` and `MPI_UB` positional markers were fully replaced with `MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED` in MPI-2.0.

Prior to MPI-2.0, `MPI_UB` and `MPI_LB` were intended to be used as input to `MPI_TYPE_STRUCT` (which, itself, has been deprecated and renamed to `MPI_TYPE_CREATE_STRUCT`). The same end effect can now be achieved with `MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED`. For example, using the old method:

    int count = 3;
    int block_lengths[] = { 1, 1, 1 };
    MPI_Aint displacements[] = { -2, 0, 10 };
    MPI_Datatype datatypes[] = { MPI_LB, MPI_INT, MPI_UB };
    MPI_Datatype newtype;

    MPI_Type_struct(count, block_lengths, displacements, datatypes, &newtype);
    MPI_Type_commit(&newtype);

    MPI_Aint ub, lb, extent;
    MPI_Type_lb(newtype, &lb);
    MPI_Type_ub(newtype, &ub);
    MPI_Type_extent(newtype, &extent);
    printf("OLD: LB=%d, UB=%d, extent=%d\n",
           lb, ub, extent);

If we run the above, we get an output of:

    OLD: LB=-2, UB=10, extent=12

The `MPI_TYPE_RESIZED` function allows us to take any arbitrary datatype and set the lower bound and extent directly (which indirectly sets the upper bound), without needing to setup the arrays and computing the displacements necessary to invoke `MPI_TYPE_CREATE_STRUCT`.

Aside from the `printf` statement, the following example is exactly equivalent to the prior example (see the MPI_TYPE_UB section for a mapping of `MPI_TYPE_UB` to `MPI_TYPE_GET_EXTENT`):

    MPI_Datatype newtype;

    MPI_Type_create_resized(MPI_INT, -2, 12, &newtype);
    MPI_Type_commit(&newtype);

    MPI_Aint ub, lb, extent;
    MPI_Type_get_extent(newtype, &lb, &extent);
    ub = lb + extent;
    printf("NEW: LB=%d, UB=%d, extent=%d\n",
           lb, ub, extent);

If we run the above, we get an output of:

    NEW: LB=-2, UB=10, extent=12

## 9.5.13. Stop using MPI_COMBINER_HINDEXED_INTEGER, MPI_COMBINER_HVECTOR_INTEGER, and MPI_COMBINER_STRUCT_INTEGER

The `MPI_COMBINER_HINDEXED_INTEGER`, `MPI_COMBINER_HVECTOR_INTEGER`, and `MPI_COMBINER_STRUCT_INTEGER` constants could previously be returned from `MPI_TYPE_GET_ENVELOPE`.

Starting with MPI-3.0, these values will never be returned. Instead, they will just return the same names, but without the `_INTEGER` suffix. Specifically:

- `MPI_COMBINER_HINDEXED_INTEGER` → `MPI_COMBINER_HINDEXED`

- `MPI_COMBINER_HVECTOR_INTEGER` → `MPI_COMBINER_HVECTOR`

- `MPI_COMBINER_STRUCT_INTEGER` → `MPI_COMBINER_STRUCT`

If your Fortran code is using any of the `_INTEGER`-suffixed names, you can just delete the `_INTEGER` suffix.

## 9.5.14. Stop using MPI_Handler_function

The `MPI_Handler_function` C type is only used in the deprecated/removed function `MPI_Errhandler_create()`, as described in the MPI_ERRHANDLER_CREATE section.

Most MPI applications likely won’t use this type at all. But if they do, they can simply use the new, exactly-equivalent type name (i.e., the return type, number, and type of parameters didn’t change): `MPI_Comm_errhandler_function`.

    void my_errhandler_function(MPI_Comm *comm, int *code, ...)
    {
        // Do something useful to handle the error
    }

    void some_function(void)
    {
        // Old way
        MPI_Handler_function *old_ptr = my_errhandler_function;

        // New way
        MPI_Comm_errhandler_function *new_ptr = my_errhandler_function;
    }

The `MPI_Handler_function` type isn’t used at all in the Fortran bindings.