/*
 * Copyright (c) 2019, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 Arm Limited and/or its affiliates <open-source-office@arm.com>
 * Licensed under the MIT License.
 */
package ai.onnxruntime;

import ai.onnxruntime.providers.CoreMLFlags;
import ai.onnxruntime.providers.NNAPIFlags;
import ai.onnxruntime.providers.OrtCUDAProviderOptions;
import ai.onnxruntime.providers.OrtFlags;
import ai.onnxruntime.providers.OrtTensorRTProviderOptions;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

/**
 * Wraps an ONNX model and allows inference calls.
 *
 * <p>Allows the inspection of the model's input and output nodes. Produced by an {@link
 * OrtEnvironment}.
 *
 * <p>Most instance methods throw {@link IllegalStateException} if the session is closed and the
 * methods are called.
 */
public class OrtSession implements AutoCloseable {

  static {
    try {
      OnnxRuntime.init();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException("Failed to load onnx-runtime library", e);
    }
  }

  private final long nativeHandle;

  private final OrtAllocator allocator;

  private final long numInputs;

  private final Set<String> inputNames;

  private final long numOutputs;

  private final Set<String> outputNames;

  private OnnxModelMetadata metadata;

  private boolean closed = false;

  /**
   * Create a session loading the model from disk.
   *
   * @param env The environment.
   * @param modelPath The path to the model.
   * @param allocator The allocator to use.
   * @param options Session configuration options.
   * @throws OrtException If the file could not be read, or the model was corrupted etc.
   */
  OrtSession(OrtEnvironment env, String modelPath, OrtAllocator allocator, SessionOptions options)
      throws OrtException {
    this(
        createSession(
            OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, env.getNativeHandle(), modelPath, options.getNativeHandle()),
        allocator);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a session reading the model from the supplied byte array.
   *
   * @param env The environment.
   * @param modelArray The model protobuf as a byte array.
   * @param allocator The allocator to use.
   * @param options Session configuration options.
   * @throws OrtException If the model was corrupted or some other error occurred in native code.
   */
  OrtSession(OrtEnvironment env, byte[] modelArray, OrtAllocator allocator, SessionOptions options)
      throws OrtException {
    this(
        createSession(
            OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, env.getNativeHandle(), modelArray, options.getNativeHandle()),
        allocator);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a session reading the model from the supplied byte buffer.
   *
   * <p>Must be a direct byte buffer.
   *
   * @param env The environment.
   * @param modelBuffer The model protobuf as a byte buffer.
   * @param allocator The allocator to use.
   * @param options Session configuration options.
   * @throws OrtException If the model was corrupted or some other error occurred in native code.
   */
  OrtSession(
      OrtEnvironment env, ByteBuffer modelBuffer, OrtAllocator allocator, SessionOptions options)
      throws OrtException {
    this(
        createSession(
            OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle,
            env.getNativeHandle(),
            modelBuffer,
            modelBuffer.position(),
            modelBuffer.remaining(),
            options.getNativeHandle()),
        allocator);
  }

  /**
   * Private constructor to build the Java object wrapped around a native session.
   *
   * @param nativeHandle The pointer to the native session.
   * @param allocator The allocator to use.
   * @throws OrtException If the model's inputs, outputs or metadata could not be read.
   */
  private OrtSession(long nativeHandle, OrtAllocator allocator) throws OrtException {
    this.nativeHandle = nativeHandle;
    this.allocator = allocator;
    numInputs = getNumInputs(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle);
    inputNames =
        new LinkedHashSet<>(
            Arrays.asList(getInputNames(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, allocator.handle)));
    numOutputs = getNumOutputs(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle);
    outputNames =
        new LinkedHashSet<>(
            Arrays.asList(
                getOutputNames(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, allocator.handle)));
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of inputs this model expects.
   *
   * @return The number of inputs.
   */
  public long getNumInputs() {
    if (!closed) {
      return numInputs;
    } else {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Asking for inputs from a closed OrtSession.");
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of outputs this model expects.
   *
   * @return The number of outputs.
   */
  public long getNumOutputs() {
    if (!closed) {
      return numOutputs;
    } else {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Asking for outputs from a closed OrtSession.");
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns the input names. The underlying collection is sorted based on the input id number.
   *
   * @return The input names.
   */
  public Set<String> getInputNames() {
    if (!closed) {
      return inputNames;
    } else {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Asking for inputs from a closed OrtSession.");
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns the output names. The underlying collection is sorted based on the output id number.
   *
   * @return The output names.
   */
  public Set<String> getOutputNames() {
    if (!closed) {
      return outputNames;
    } else {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Asking for outputs from a closed OrtSession.");
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns the info objects for the inputs, including their names and types. The underlying
   * collection is sorted based on the input id number.
   *
   * @return The input information.
   * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
   */
  public Map<String, NodeInfo> getInputInfo() throws OrtException {
    if (!closed) {
      return wrapInMap(getInputInfo(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, allocator.handle));
    } else {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Asking for inputs from a closed OrtSession.");
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns the info objects for the outputs, including their names and types. The underlying
   * collection is sorted based on the output id number.
   *
   * @return The output information.
   * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
   */
  public Map<String, NodeInfo> getOutputInfo() throws OrtException {
    if (!closed) {
      return wrapInMap(getOutputInfo(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, allocator.handle));
    } else {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Asking for outputs from a closed OrtSession.");
    }
  }

  /**
   * Scores an input feed dict, returning the map of all inferred outputs.
   *
   * <p>The outputs are sorted based on their id number.
   *
   * @param inputs The inputs to score.
   * @return The inferred outputs.
   * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code, the input names are invalid, or if
   *     there are zero or too many inputs.
   */
  public Result run(Map<String, ? extends OnnxTensorLike> inputs) throws OrtException {
    return run(inputs, outputNames);
  }

  /**
   * Scores an input feed dict, returning the map of all inferred outputs.
   *
   * <p>The outputs are sorted based on their id number.
   *
   * @param inputs The inputs to score.
   * @param runOptions The RunOptions to control this run.
   * @return The inferred outputs.
   * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code, the input names are invalid, or if
   *     there are zero or too many inputs.
   */
  public Result run(Map<String, ? extends OnnxTensorLike> inputs, RunOptions runOptions)
      throws OrtException {
    return run(inputs, outputNames, runOptions);
  }

  /**
   * Scores an input feed dict, returning the map of requested inferred outputs.
   *
   * <p>The outputs are sorted based on the supplied set traversal order.
   *
   * @param inputs The inputs to score.
   * @param requestedOutputs The requested outputs.
   * @return The inferred outputs.
   * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code, the input or output names are
   *     invalid, or if there are zero or too many inputs or outputs.
   */
  public Result run(Map<String, ? extends OnnxTensorLike> inputs, Set<String> requestedOutputs)
      throws OrtException {
    return run(inputs, requestedOutputs, Collections.emptyMap(), null);
  }

  /**
   * Scores an input feed dict, returning the map of requested inferred outputs.
   *
   * <p>The outputs are sorted based on the supplied set traversal order.
   *
   * @param inputs The inputs to score.
   * @param requestedOutputs The requested outputs.
   * @param runOptions The RunOptions to control this run.
   * @return The inferred outputs.
   * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code, the input or output names are
   *     invalid, or if there are zero or too many inputs or outputs.
   */
  public Result run(
      Map<String, ? extends OnnxTensorLike> inputs,
      Set<String> requestedOutputs,
      RunOptions runOptions)
      throws OrtException {
    return run(inputs, requestedOutputs, Collections.emptyMap(), runOptions);
  }

  /**
   * Scores an input feed dict, returning the map of pinned outputs.
   *
   * <p>The outputs are sorted based on the supplied map traversal order.
   *
   * <p>Note: pinned outputs are not owned by the {@link Result} object, and are <b>not</b> closed
   * when the result object is closed.
   *
   * @param inputs The inputs to score.
   * @param pinnedOutputs The requested outputs which the user has allocated.
   * @return The inferred outputs.
   * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code, the input or output names are
   *     invalid, or if there are zero or too many inputs or outputs.
   */
  public Result run(
      Map<String, ? extends OnnxTensorLike> inputs, Map<String, ? extends OnnxValue> pinnedOutputs)
      throws OrtException {
    return run(inputs, Collections.emptySet(), pinnedOutputs, null);
  }

  /**
   * Scores an input feed dict, returning the map of requested and pinned outputs.
   *
   * <p>The outputs are sorted based on the supplied set traversal order with pinned outputs first,
   * then requested outputs. An {@link IllegalArgumentException} is thrown if the same output name
   * appears in both the requested outputs and the pinned outputs.
   *
   * <p>Note: pinned outputs are not owned by the {@link Result} object, and are <b>not</b> closed
   * when the result object is closed.
   *
   * @param inputs The inputs to score.
   * @param requestedOutputs The requested outputs which ORT will allocate.
   * @param pinnedOutputs The requested outputs which the user has allocated.
   * @return The inferred outputs.
   * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code, the input or output names are
   *     invalid, or if there are zero or too many inputs or outputs.
   */
  public Result run(
      Map<String, ? extends OnnxTensorLike> inputs,
      Set<String> requestedOutputs,
      Map<String, ? extends OnnxValue> pinnedOutputs)
      throws OrtException {
    return run(inputs, requestedOutputs, pinnedOutputs, null);
  }

  /**
   * Scores an input feed dict, returning the map of requested and pinned outputs.
   *
   * <p>The outputs are sorted based on the supplied set traversal order with pinned outputs first,
   * then requested outputs. An {@link IllegalArgumentException} is thrown if the same output name
   * appears in both the requested outputs and the pinned outputs.
   *
   * <p>Note: pinned outputs are not owned by the {@link Result} object, and are <b>not</b> closed
   * when the result object is closed.
   *
   * @param inputs The inputs to score.
   * @param requestedOutputs The requested outputs which ORT will allocate.
   * @param pinnedOutputs The requested outputs which the user has allocated.
   * @param runOptions The RunOptions to control this run.
   * @return The inferred outputs.
   * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code, the input or output names are
   *     invalid, or if there are zero or too many inputs or outputs.
   */
  public Result run(
      Map<String, ? extends OnnxTensorLike> inputs,
      Set<String> requestedOutputs,
      Map<String, ? extends OnnxValue> pinnedOutputs,
      RunOptions runOptions)
      throws OrtException {
    if (!closed) {
      if ((inputs.isEmpty() && (numInputs != 0)) || (inputs.size() > numInputs)) {
        throw new OrtException(
            "Unexpected number of inputs, expected [1," + numInputs + ") found " + inputs.size());
      }
      int totalOutputs = requestedOutputs.size() + pinnedOutputs.size();
      if ((totalOutputs == 0) || (totalOutputs > numOutputs)) {
        throw new OrtException(
            "Unexpected number of requestedOutputs & pinnedOutputs, expected [1,"
                + numOutputs
                + ") found "
                + totalOutputs);
      }
      String[] inputNamesArray = new String[inputs.size()];
      long[] inputHandles = new long[inputs.size()];
      int i = 0;
      for (Map.Entry<String, ? extends OnnxTensorLike> t : inputs.entrySet()) {
        if (inputNames.contains(t.getKey())) {
          inputNamesArray[i] = t.getKey();
          inputHandles[i] = t.getValue().getNativeHandle();
          i++;
        } else {
          throw new OrtException(
              "Unknown input name " + t.getKey() + ", expected one of " + inputNames.toString());
        }
      }
      String[] outputNamesArray = new String[requestedOutputs.size() + pinnedOutputs.size()];
      OnnxValue[] outputValues = new OnnxValue[outputNamesArray.length];
      long[] outputHandles = new long[outputNamesArray.length];
      i = 0;
      for (Map.Entry<String, ? extends OnnxValue> e : pinnedOutputs.entrySet()) {
        if (outputNames.contains(e.getKey())) {
          outputNamesArray[i] = e.getKey();
          outputValues[i] = e.getValue();
          outputHandles[i] = getHandle(e.getValue());
          i++;
        } else {
          throw new OrtException(
              "Unknown output name " + e.getKey() + ", expected one of " + outputNames.toString());
        }
      }
      for (String s : requestedOutputs) {
        if (outputNames.contains(s)) {
          if (!pinnedOutputs.containsKey(s)) {
            outputNamesArray[i] = s;
            // outputValues and outputHandles can be null/0 for these outputs as ORT will allocate
            // them.
            i++;
          } else {
            throw new OrtException(
                "Output '"
                    + s
                    + "' was found in both the requested outputs and the pinned outputs");
          }
        } else {
          throw new OrtException(
              "Unknown output name " + s + ", expected one of " + outputNames.toString());
        }
      }
      long runOptionsHandle = runOptions == null ? 0 : runOptions.getNativeHandle();
      boolean[] ownedByResult =
          run(
              OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle,
              nativeHandle,
              allocator.handle,
              inputNamesArray,
              inputHandles,
              inputNamesArray.length,
              outputNamesArray,
              outputNamesArray.length,
              outputValues,
              outputHandles,
              runOptionsHandle);
      return new Result(outputNamesArray, outputValues, ownedByResult);
    } else {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Trying to score a closed OrtSession.");
    }
  }

  /**
   * Pulls out the native handle by casting it to the appropriate type.
   *
   * @param v The OnnxValue.
   * @return The native handle.
   */
  static long getHandle(OnnxValue v) {
    /*
     * Note this method exists as interface methods are all public, but we do not want users to be
     * able to access the native pointer via a public API so can't add a method to OnnxValue which
     * exposes it.
     */
    if (v instanceof OnnxTensorLike) {
      return ((OnnxTensorLike) v).nativeHandle;
    } else if (v instanceof OnnxSequence) {
      return ((OnnxSequence) v).nativeHandle;
    } else if (v instanceof OnnxMap) {
      return ((OnnxMap) v).nativeHandle;
    } else {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "Unexpected OnnxValue subclass, should be {OnnxTensorLike, OnnxSequence, OnnxMap}, found "
              + v.getClass());
    }
  }

  /**
   * Gets the metadata for the currently loaded model.
   *
   * @return The metadata.
   * @throws OrtException If the native call failed.
   */
  public OnnxModelMetadata getMetadata() throws OrtException {
    if (metadata == null) {
      metadata = constructMetadata(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, allocator.handle);
    }
    return metadata;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the timestamp that profiling started in nanoseconds.
   *
   * @return the profiling start time in ns.
   * @throws OrtException If the native call failed.
   */
  public long getProfilingStartTimeInNs() throws OrtException {
    return getProfilingStartTimeInNs(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle);
  }

  /**
   * Ends the profiling session and returns the output of the profiler.
   *
   * <p>Profiling should be enabled in the {@link SessionOptions} used to construct this {@code
   * Session}.
   *
   * @return The profiling output.
   * @throws OrtException If the native call failed.
   */
  public String endProfiling() throws OrtException {
    return endProfiling(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, allocator.handle);
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "OrtSession(numInputs=" + numInputs + ",numOutputs=" + numOutputs + ")";
  }

  /**
   * Closes the session, releasing it's resources.
   *
   * @throws OrtException If it failed to close.
   */
  @Override
  public void close() throws OrtException {
    if (!closed) {
      closeSession(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle);
      closed = true;
    } else {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Trying to close an already closed OrtSession.");
    }
  }

  /**
   * Converts a NodeInfo array into a map from node name to node info.
   *
   * @param infos The NodeInfo array to convert.
   * @return A Map from String to NodeInfo.
   */
  private static Map<String, NodeInfo> wrapInMap(NodeInfo[] infos) {
    Map<String, NodeInfo> output = new LinkedHashMap<>(OrtUtil.capacityFromSize(infos.length));

    for (NodeInfo info : infos) {
      output.put(info.getName(), info);
    }

    return output;
  }

  private static native long createSession(
      long apiHandle, long envHandle, String modelPath, long optsHandle) throws OrtException;

  private static native long createSession(
      long apiHandle, long envHandle, byte[] modelArray, long optsHandle) throws OrtException;

  private static native long createSession(
      long apiHandle,
      long envHandle,
      ByteBuffer modelBuffer,
      int bufferPos,
      int bufferSize,
      long optsHandle)
      throws OrtException;

  private native long getNumInputs(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle) throws OrtException;

  private native String[] getInputNames(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, long allocatorHandle)
      throws OrtException;

  private native NodeInfo[] getInputInfo(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, long allocatorHandle)
      throws OrtException;

  private native long getNumOutputs(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle) throws OrtException;

  private native String[] getOutputNames(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, long allocatorHandle)
      throws OrtException;

  private native NodeInfo[] getOutputInfo(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, long allocatorHandle)
      throws OrtException;

  /**
   * The native run call. runOptionsHandle can be zero (i.e. the null pointer), outputValues can
   * contain null entries, and outputHandles can contain zero values (i.e. the null pointer), but
   * all other handles must be valid pointers.
   *
   * @param apiHandle The pointer to the api.
   * @param nativeHandle The pointer to the session.
   * @param allocatorHandle The pointer to the allocator.
   * @param inputNamesArray The input names.
   * @param inputs The input tensors.
   * @param numInputs The number of inputs.
   * @param outputNamesArray The requested output names.
   * @param outputValues The OnnxValue output array.
   * @param outputHandles The OrtValue output pointer array.
   * @param numOutputs The number of requested outputs.
   * @param runOptionsHandle The (possibly null) pointer to the run options.
   * @return A boolean array representing if the OnnxValues were allocated by this run call.
   * @throws OrtException If the native call failed in some way.
   */
  private native boolean[] run(
      long apiHandle,
      long nativeHandle,
      long allocatorHandle,
      String[] inputNamesArray,
      long[] inputs,
      long numInputs,
      String[] outputNamesArray,
      long numOutputs,
      OnnxValue[] outputValues,
      long[] outputHandles,
      long runOptionsHandle)
      throws OrtException;

  private native long getProfilingStartTimeInNs(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle)
      throws OrtException;

  private native String endProfiling(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, long allocatorHandle)
      throws OrtException;

  private native void closeSession(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle) throws OrtException;

  /**
   * Builds the {@link OnnxModelMetadata} for this session.
   *
   * @param ortApiHandle The api pointer.
   * @param nativeHandle The native session pointer.
   * @param allocatorHandle The OrtAllocator pointer.
   * @return The metadata.
   * @throws OrtException If the native runtime failed to access or allocate the metadata.
   */
  private native OnnxModelMetadata constructMetadata(
      long ortApiHandle, long nativeHandle, long allocatorHandle) throws OrtException;

  /**
   * Represents the options used to construct this session.
   *
   * <p>Used to set the number of threads, optimisation level, computation backend and other
   * options.
   *
   * <p>Modifying this after the session has been constructed will have no effect.
   *
   * <p>The SessionOptions object must not be closed until all sessions which use it are closed, as
   * otherwise it could release resources that are in use.
   */
  public static class SessionOptions implements AutoCloseable {

    /**
     * The optimisation level to use. Needs to be kept in sync with the GraphOptimizationLevel enum
     * in the C API.
     *
     * <p>See <a href=
     * "https://onnxruntime.ai/docs/performance/model-optimizations/graph-optimizations.html">Graph
     * Optimizations</a> for more details.
     */
    public enum OptLevel {
      /** Apply no optimizations to the ONNX graph. */
      NO_OPT(0),
      /**
       * Apply basic optimizations such as constant folding, redundant computation elimination and
       * node fusions to the ONNX graph.
       */
      BASIC_OPT(1),
      /**
       * Applies all the basic optimizations plus more complex node fusion operations to the ONNX
       * graph.
       */
      EXTENDED_OPT(2),
      /** Applies all the layout optimizations like NCHW and NCHWC to the ONNX graph. */
      LAYOUT_OPT(3),
      /** Applies all available optimizations to the ONNX graph. */
      ALL_OPT(99);

      private final int id;

      OptLevel(int id) {
        this.id = id;
      }

      /**
       * Gets the int id used in native code for this optimisation level.
       *
       * @return The int id.
       */
      public int getID() {
        return id;
      }
    }

    /**
     * The execution mode to use. Needs to be kept in sync with the ExecutionMode enum in the C API.
     */
    public enum ExecutionMode {
      /**
       * Executes all nodes sequentially.
       *
       * <p>This is the default, and usually provides the most speedup as intra-op parallelism
       * provides the most benefit.
       */
      SEQUENTIAL(0),
      /** Executes some nodes in parallel. */
      PARALLEL(1);

      private final int id;

      ExecutionMode(int id) {
        this.id = id;
      }

      /**
       * Gets the int id used in native code for the execution mode.
       *
       * @return The int id.
       */
      public int getID() {
        return id;
      }
    }

    static {
      try {
        OnnxRuntime.init();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Failed to load onnx-runtime library", e);
      }
    }

    private final long nativeHandle;

    private final List<Long> customLibraryHandles;

    private final Map<String, String> configEntries;

    private boolean closed = false;

    /** Create an empty session options. */
    public SessionOptions() {
      nativeHandle = createOptions(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle);
      customLibraryHandles = new ArrayList<>();
      configEntries = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
    }

    /** Closes the session options, releasing any memory acquired. */
    @Override
    public void close() {
      if (!closed) {
        if (customLibraryHandles.size() > 0) {
          long[] longArray = new long[customLibraryHandles.size()];
          for (int i = 0; i < customLibraryHandles.size(); i++) {
            longArray[i] = customLibraryHandles.get(i);
          }
          closeCustomLibraries(longArray);
        }
        closeOptions(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle);
        closed = true;
      } else {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Trying to close a closed SessionOptions.");
      }
    }

    /** Checks if the SessionOptions is closed, if so throws {@link IllegalStateException}. */
    private void checkClosed() {
      if (closed) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Trying to use a closed SessionOptions");
      }
    }

    /**
     * Package accessor for the native pointer.
     *
     * @return The native pointer.
     */
    long getNativeHandle() {
      return nativeHandle;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the execution mode of this options object, overriding the old setting.
     *
     * @param mode The execution mode to use.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void setExecutionMode(ExecutionMode mode) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      setExecutionMode(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, mode.getID());
    }

    /**
     * Sets the optimization level of this options object, overriding the old setting.
     *
     * @param level The optimization level to use.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void setOptimizationLevel(OptLevel level) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      setOptimizationLevel(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, level.getID());
    }

    /**
     * Sets the size of the CPU thread pool used for executing multiple request concurrently, if
     * executing on a CPU.
     *
     * @param numThreads The number of threads to use.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void setInterOpNumThreads(int numThreads) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      setInterOpNumThreads(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, numThreads);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the size of the CPU thread pool used for executing a single graph, if executing on a
     * CPU.
     *
     * @param numThreads The number of threads to use.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void setIntraOpNumThreads(int numThreads) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      setIntraOpNumThreads(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, numThreads);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the output path for the optimized model.
     *
     * @param outputPath The output path to write the model to.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void setOptimizedModelFilePath(String outputPath) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      setOptimizationModelFilePath(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, outputPath);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the logger id to use.
     *
     * @param loggerId The logger id string.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void setLoggerId(String loggerId) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      setLoggerId(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, loggerId);
    }

    /**
     * Enables profiling in sessions using this SessionOptions.
     *
     * @param filePath The file to write profile information to.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void enableProfiling(String filePath) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      enableProfiling(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, filePath);
    }

    /**
     * Disables profiling in sessions using this SessionOptions.
     *
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void disableProfiling() throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      disableProfiling(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle);
    }

    /**
     * Turns on memory pattern optimizations, where memory is preallocated if all shapes are known.
     *
     * @param memoryPatternOptimization If true enable memory pattern optimizations.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void setMemoryPatternOptimization(boolean memoryPatternOptimization)
        throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      setMemoryPatternOptimization(
          OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, memoryPatternOptimization);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the CPU to use an arena memory allocator.
     *
     * @param useArena If true use an arena memory allocator for the CPU execution provider.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void setCPUArenaAllocator(boolean useArena) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      setCPUArenaAllocator(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, useArena);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the Session's logging level.
     *
     * @param logLevel The log level to use.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void setSessionLogLevel(OrtLoggingLevel logLevel) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      setSessionLogLevel(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, logLevel.getValue());
    }

    /**
     * Sets the Session's logging verbosity level.
     *
     * @param logLevel The logging verbosity to use.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void setSessionLogVerbosityLevel(int logLevel) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      setSessionLogVerbosityLevel(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, logLevel);
    }

    /**
     * Registers a library of custom ops for use with {@link OrtSession}s using this SessionOptions.
     *
     * @param path The path to the library on disk.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error loading the library.
     */
    public void registerCustomOpLibrary(String path) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      Objects.requireNonNull(path, "path must not be null");
      long customHandle = registerCustomOpLibrary(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, path);
      customLibraryHandles.add(customHandle);
    }

    /**
     * Registers custom ops for use with {@link OrtSession}s using this SessionOptions by calling
     * the specified native function name. The custom ops library must either be linked against, or
     * have previously been loaded by the user.
     *
     * <p>The registration function must have the signature:
     *
     * <p>&emsp;OrtStatus* (*fn)(OrtSessionOptions* options, const OrtApiBase* api);
     *
     * <p>See https://onnxruntime.ai/docs/reference/operators/add-custom-op.html for more
     * information on custom ops. See
     * https://github.com/microsoft/onnxruntime/blob/342a5bf2b756d1a1fc6fdc582cfeac15182632fe/onnxruntime/test/testdata/custom_op_library/custom_op_library.cc#L115
     * for an example of a custom op library registration function.
     *
     * @param registrationFuncName The name of the registration function to call.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error finding or calling the registration function.
     */
    public void registerCustomOpsUsingFunction(String registrationFuncName) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      registerCustomOpsUsingFunction(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, registrationFuncName);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of a symbolic dimension. Fixed dimension computations may have more
     * optimizations applied to them.
     *
     * @param dimensionName The name of the symbolic dimension.
     * @param dimensionValue The value to set that dimension to.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void setSymbolicDimensionValue(String dimensionName, long dimensionValue)
        throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      addFreeDimensionOverrideByName(
          OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, dimensionName, dimensionValue);
    }

    /**
     * Set whether to use deterministic compute.
     *
     * <p>Default is false. If set to true, this will enable deterministic compute for GPU kernels
     * where possible. Note that this most likely will have a performance cost.
     *
     * @param value Should the compute be deterministic?
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void setDeterministicCompute(boolean value) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      setDeterministicCompute(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, value);
    }

    /**
     * Disables the per session thread pools. Must be used in conjunction with an environment
     * containing global thread pools.
     *
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void disablePerSessionThreads() throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      disablePerSessionThreads(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a single session configuration entry as a pair of strings.
     *
     * @param configKey The config key string.
     * @param configValue The config value string.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addConfigEntry(String configKey, String configValue) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      addConfigEntry(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, configKey, configValue);
      configEntries.put(configKey, configValue);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an unmodifiable view of the map contains all session configuration entries.
     *
     * @return All session configuration entries
     */
    public Map<String, String> getConfigEntries() {
      checkClosed();
      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(configEntries);
    }

    /**
     * Adds in the supplied externally loaded initializers.
     *
     * <p>Note the initializers are copied into the session once it has been created, and the native
     * references are removed from this {@code SessionOptions}. Once the session has been created
     * those initializers can be closed. This is a different lifetime to initializers added via
     * {@link #addInitializer(String, OnnxTensorLike)}. The initializers must be created from {@link
     * java.nio.Buffer} objects.
     *
     * @param initializers The map of names to initializers.
     * @throws OrtException If the initializers could not be loaded.
     */
    public void addExternalInitializers(Map<String, OnnxTensorLike> initializers)
        throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      if (initializers.isEmpty()) {
        return;
      }
      String[] names = new String[initializers.size()];
      long[] handles = new long[initializers.size()];
      int i = 0;
      for (Map.Entry<String, OnnxTensorLike> e : initializers.entrySet()) {
        names[i] = e.getKey();
        handles[i] = e.getValue().nativeHandle;
        i++;
      }
      addExternalInitializers(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, names, handles);
    }

    /**
     * Adds an initializer to override one from the ONNX model.
     *
     * <p>Note the initializer lifetime must outlive the session and session options. This is a
     * different lifetime to initializers added via {@link #addExternalInitializers(Map)}. The
     * initializers must be created from {@link java.nio.Buffer} objects.
     *
     * @param name The initializer name.
     * @param initializer The initializer value.
     * @throws OrtException If the initializer could not be loaded into the session options.
     */
    public void addInitializer(String name, OnnxTensorLike initializer) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      if (name.trim().isEmpty()) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Initializer name was blank");
      }
      addInitializer(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, name, initializer.getNativeHandle());
    }

    /**
     * Add CUDA as an execution backend, using device 0.
     *
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addCUDA() throws OrtException {
      addCUDA(0);
    }

    /**
     * Add CUDA as an execution backend, using the specified CUDA device id.
     *
     * @param deviceNum The CUDA device id.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addCUDA(int deviceNum) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      if (OnnxRuntime.extractCUDA()) {
        addCUDA(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, deviceNum);
      } else {
        throw new OrtException(
            OrtException.OrtErrorCode.ORT_EP_FAIL, "Failed to find CUDA shared provider");
      }
    }

    /**
     * Adds CUDA as an execution backend, using the specified CUDA options.
     *
     * @param cudaOpts The CUDA execution provider options.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in the native code.
     */
    public void addCUDA(OrtCUDAProviderOptions cudaOpts) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      if (OnnxRuntime.extractCUDA()) {
        // Cast is to make the compiler pick the right overload.
        ((OrtProviderOptions) cudaOpts).applyToNative();
        addCUDAV2(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, cudaOpts.nativeHandle);
      } else {
        throw new OrtException(
            OrtException.OrtErrorCode.ORT_EP_FAIL, "Failed to find CUDA shared provider");
      }
    }

    /**
     * Add ROCM as an execution backend, using device 0.
     *
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addROCM() throws OrtException {
      addROCM(0);
    }

    /**
     * Add ROCM as an execution backend, using the specified ROCM device id.
     *
     * @param deviceNum The ROCM device id.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addROCM(int deviceNum) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      if (OnnxRuntime.extractROCM()) {
        addROCM(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, deviceNum);
      } else {
        throw new OrtException(
            OrtException.OrtErrorCode.ORT_EP_FAIL, "Failed to find ROCM shared provider");
      }
    }

    /**
     * Adds the CPU as an execution backend, using the arena allocator if desired.
     *
     * <p>By default this backend is used, but if other backends are requested, it should be
     * requested last.
     *
     * @param useArena If true use the arena memory allocator.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addCPU(boolean useArena) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      addCPU(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, useArena ? 1 : 0);
    }

    /**
     * Adds Intel's Deep Neural Network Library as an execution backend.
     *
     * @param useArena If true use the arena memory allocator.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addDnnl(boolean useArena) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      if (OnnxRuntime.extractDNNL()) {
        addDnnl(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, useArena ? 1 : 0);
      } else {
        throw new OrtException(
            OrtException.OrtErrorCode.ORT_EP_FAIL, "Failed to find DNNL shared provider");
      }
    }

    /**
     * Adds OpenVINO as an execution backend.
     *
     * @param deviceId The id of the OpenVINO execution device.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addOpenVINO(String deviceId) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      if (OnnxRuntime.extractOpenVINO()) {
        addOpenVINO(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, deviceId);
      } else {
        throw new OrtException(
            OrtException.OrtErrorCode.ORT_EP_FAIL, "Failed to find OpenVINO shared provider");
      }
    }

    /**
     * Adds Nvidia's TensorRT as an execution backend.
     *
     * @param deviceNum The id of the CUDA device.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addTensorrt(int deviceNum) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      if (OnnxRuntime.extractTensorRT()) {
        addTensorrt(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, deviceNum);
      } else {
        throw new OrtException(
            OrtException.OrtErrorCode.ORT_EP_FAIL, "Failed to find TensorRT shared provider");
      }
    }

    /**
     * Adds Nvidia's TensorRT as an execution backend.
     *
     * @param tensorRTOpts The configuration parameters for TensorRT.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addTensorrt(OrtTensorRTProviderOptions tensorRTOpts) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      if (OnnxRuntime.extractTensorRT()) {
        // Cast is to make the compiler pick the right overload.
        ((OrtProviderOptions) tensorRTOpts).applyToNative();
        addTensorrtV2(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, tensorRTOpts.nativeHandle);
      } else {
        throw new OrtException(
            OrtException.OrtErrorCode.ORT_EP_FAIL, "Failed to find TensorRT shared provider");
      }
    }

    /**
     * Adds Android's NNAPI as an execution backend. Uses the default empty flag.
     *
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addNnapi() throws OrtException {
      addNnapi(EnumSet.noneOf(NNAPIFlags.class));
    }

    /**
     * Adds Android's NNAPI as an execution backend.
     *
     * @param flags The flags which control the NNAPI configuration.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addNnapi(EnumSet<NNAPIFlags> flags) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      addNnapi(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, OrtFlags.aggregateToInt(flags));
    }

    /**
     * Adds TVM as an execution backend.
     *
     * @param settings See the documentation for valid settings strings.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addTvm(String settings) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      addTvm(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, settings);
    }

    /**
     * Adds DirectML as an execution backend.
     *
     * @param deviceId The id of the DirectML device.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addDirectML(int deviceId) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      addDirectML(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, deviceId);
    }

    /**
     * Adds the ARM Compute Library as an execution backend.
     *
     * @param enableFastMath Enable fast math mode in ACL.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addACL(boolean enableFastMath) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      addACL(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, enableFastMath);
    }

    /**
     * Adds the ARM Neural Net library as an execution backend.
     *
     * @param useArena If true use the arena memory allocator.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addArmNN(boolean useArena) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      addArmNN(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, useArena ? 1 : 0);
    }

    /**
     * Adds Apple's CoreML as an execution backend. Uses the default empty flag.
     *
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addCoreML() throws OrtException {
      addCoreML(EnumSet.noneOf(CoreMLFlags.class));
    }

    /**
     * Adds Apple's CoreML as an execution backend.
     *
     * @param flags The flags which control the CoreML configuration.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addCoreML(EnumSet<CoreMLFlags> flags) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      addCoreML(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, OrtFlags.aggregateToInt(flags));
    }

    /**
     * Adds the named execution provider (backend) as an execution backend. This generic function
     * only allows a subset of execution providers.
     *
     * @param providerName The name of the execution provider.
     * @param providerOptions Configuration options for the execution provider. Refer to the
     *     specific execution provider's documentation.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    private void addExecutionProvider(String providerName, Map<String, String> providerOptions)
        throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      String[] providerOptionKey = new String[providerOptions.size()];
      String[] providerOptionVal = new String[providerOptions.size()];
      int i = 0;
      for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : providerOptions.entrySet()) {
        providerOptionKey[i] = entry.getKey();
        providerOptionVal[i] = entry.getValue();
        i++;
      }
      addExecutionProvider(
          OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle,
          nativeHandle,
          providerName,
          providerOptionKey,
          providerOptionVal);
    }

    /**
     * Adds XNNPACK as an execution backend.
     *
     * @param providerOptions Configuration options for the XNNPACK backend. Refer to the XNNPACK
     *     execution provider's documentation.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addXnnpack(Map<String, String> providerOptions) throws OrtException {
      String xnnpackProviderName = "XNNPACK";
      addExecutionProvider(xnnpackProviderName, providerOptions);
    }

    /**
     * Adds QNN as an execution backend.
     *
     * @param providerOptions Configuration options for the QNN backend. Refer to the QNN execution
     *     provider's documentation.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addQnn(Map<String, String> providerOptions) throws OrtException {
      String qnnProviderName = "QNN";

      // QNN can either be built as a shared or static library. extractQNN() will extract the
      // (lib)onnxruntime_providers_qnn(.so/.dll) from classpath resources if present.
      OnnxRuntime.extractQNN();
      addExecutionProvider(qnnProviderName, providerOptions);
    }

    /**
     * Adds CoreML as an execution backend.
     *
     * @param providerOptions Configuration options for the CoreML backend. Refer to the CoreML
     *     execution provider's documentation.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addCoreML(Map<String, String> providerOptions) throws OrtException {
      String CoreMLProviderName = "CoreML";
      addExecutionProvider(CoreMLProviderName, providerOptions);
    }

    /**
     * Adds WebGPU as an execution backend.
     *
     * @param providerOptions Configuration options for the WebGPU backend. Refer to the WebGPU
     *     execution provider's documentation.
     * @throws OrtException If there was an error in native code.
     */
    public void addWebGPU(Map<String, String> providerOptions) throws OrtException {
      String webGpuProviderName = "WebGPU";
      addExecutionProvider(webGpuProviderName, providerOptions);
    }

    private native void setExecutionMode(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, int mode)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void setOptimizationLevel(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, int level)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void setInterOpNumThreads(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, int numThreads)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void setIntraOpNumThreads(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, int numThreads)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void setOptimizationModelFilePath(
        long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, String modelPath) throws OrtException;

    private native long createOptions(long apiHandle);

    private native void setLoggerId(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, String loggerId)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void enableProfiling(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, String filePrefix)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void disableProfiling(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle) throws OrtException;

    private native void setMemoryPatternOptimization(
        long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, boolean memoryPatternOptimization) throws OrtException;

    private native void setCPUArenaAllocator(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, boolean useArena)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void setSessionLogLevel(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, int logLevel)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void setSessionLogVerbosityLevel(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, int logLevel)
        throws OrtException;

    private native long registerCustomOpLibrary(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, String path)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void registerCustomOpsUsingFunction(
        long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, String registrationFuncName) throws OrtException;

    private native void closeCustomLibraries(long[] nativeHandle);

    private native void closeOptions(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle);

    private native void setDeterministicCompute(
        long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, boolean isDeterministic) throws OrtException;

    private native void addFreeDimensionOverrideByName(
        long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, String dimensionName, long dimensionValue)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void addExternalInitializers(
        long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, String[] names, long[] tensorHandles)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void addInitializer(
        long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, String name, long tensorHandle) throws OrtException;

    private native void disablePerSessionThreads(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void addConfigEntry(
        long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, String configKey, String configValue)
        throws OrtException;

    /*
     * To use additional providers, you must build ORT with the extra providers enabled. Then call
     * one of these functions to enable them in the session:
     *
     *   OrtSessionOptionsAppendExecutionProvider_CPU
     *   OrtSessionOptionsAppendExecutionProvider_CUDA
     *   OrtSessionOptionsAppendExecutionProvider_ROCM
     *   OrtSessionOptionsAppendExecutionProvider_<remaining providers...>
     *
     * The order they are called indicates the preference order as well. In other words call this
     * method on your most preferred execution provider first followed by the less preferred ones.
     * If none are called ORT will use its internal CPU execution provider.
     *
     * If a backend is unavailable then it throws an OrtException.
     */
    private native void addCPU(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, int useArena) throws OrtException;

    private native void addCUDA(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, int deviceNum)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void addCUDAV2(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, long cudaOptsHandle)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void addROCM(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, int deviceNum)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void addDnnl(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, int useArena)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void addOpenVINO(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, String deviceId)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void addTensorrt(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, int deviceNum)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void addTensorrtV2(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, long tensorrtOptsHandle)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void addNnapi(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, int nnapiFlags)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void addTvm(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, String settings)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void addDirectML(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, int deviceId)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void addACL(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, boolean enableFastMath)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void addArmNN(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, int useArena)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void addCoreML(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, int coreMLFlags)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void addExecutionProvider(
        long apiHandle,
        long nativeHandle,
        String epName,
        String[] providerOptionKey,
        String[] providerOptionVal)
        throws OrtException;
  }

  /** Used to control logging and termination of a call to {@link OrtSession#run}. */
  public static class RunOptions implements AutoCloseable {

    static {
      try {
        OnnxRuntime.init();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Failed to load onnx-runtime library", e);
      }
    }

    private final long nativeHandle;

    private boolean closed = false;

    /**
     * Creates a RunOptions.
     *
     * @throws OrtException If the construction of the native RunOptions failed.
     */
    public RunOptions() throws OrtException {
      this.nativeHandle = createRunOptions(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle);
    }

    /**
     * Package accessor for native pointer.
     *
     * @return The native pointer.
     */
    long getNativeHandle() {
      return nativeHandle;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the current logging level on this RunOptions.
     *
     * @param level The new logging level.
     * @throws OrtException If the native call failed.
     */
    public void setLogLevel(OrtLoggingLevel level) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      setLogLevel(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, level.getValue());
    }

    /**
     * Gets the current logging level set on this RunOptions.
     *
     * @return The logging level.
     * @throws OrtException If the native call failed.
     */
    public OrtLoggingLevel getLogLevel() throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      return OrtLoggingLevel.mapFromInt(getLogLevel(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle));
    }

    /**
     * Sets the current logging verbosity level on this RunOptions.
     *
     * @param level The new logging verbosity level.
     * @throws OrtException If the native call failed.
     */
    public void setLogVerbosityLevel(int level) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      setLogVerbosityLevel(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, level);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the current logging verbosity level set on this RunOptions.
     *
     * @return The logging verbosity level.
     * @throws OrtException If the native call failed.
     */
    public int getLogVerbosityLevel() throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      return getLogVerbosityLevel(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the run tag used in logging.
     *
     * @param runTag The run tag in logging output.
     * @throws OrtException If the native library call failed.
     */
    public void setRunTag(String runTag) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      setRunTag(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, runTag);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the String used to log information about this run.
     *
     * @return The run tag.
     * @throws OrtException If the native library call failed.
     */
    public String getRunTag() throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      return getRunTag(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle);
    }

    /**
     * Sets a flag so that all incomplete {@link OrtSession#run} calls using this instance of {@code
     * RunOptions} will terminate as soon as possible. If the flag is false, it resets this {@code
     * RunOptions} so it can be used with other calls to {@link OrtSession#run}.
     *
     * @param terminate If true terminate all runs associated with this RunOptions.
     * @throws OrtException If the native library call failed.
     */
    public void setTerminate(boolean terminate) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      setTerminate(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, terminate);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a configuration entry to this {@code RunOptions}.
     *
     * <p>Setting the same key will overwrite the value.
     *
     * @param key The configuration key.
     * @param value The configuration value.
     * @throws OrtException If the native library call failed.
     */
    public void addRunConfigEntry(String key, String value) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      addRunConfigEntry(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, key, value);
    }

    /**
     * Adds the specified adapter to the list of active adapters for this run.
     *
     * @param loraAdapter valid OrtLoraAdapter object
     * @throws OrtException of the native library call failed
     */
    public void addActiveLoraAdapter(OrtLoraAdapter loraAdapter) throws OrtException {
      checkClosed();
      loraAdapter.checkClosed();
      addActiveLoraAdapter(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle, loraAdapter.getNativeHandle());
    }

    /** Checks if the RunOptions is closed, if so throws {@link IllegalStateException}. */
    private void checkClosed() {
      if (closed) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Trying to use a closed RunOptions");
      }
    }

    @Override
    public void close() {
      if (!closed) {
        close(OnnxRuntime.ortApiHandle, nativeHandle);
        closed = true;
      } else {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Trying to close an already closed RunOptions");
      }
    }

    private static native long createRunOptions(long apiHandle) throws OrtException;

    private native void setLogLevel(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, int logLevel)
        throws OrtException;

    private native int getLogLevel(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle) throws OrtException;

    private native void setLogVerbosityLevel(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, int logLevel)
        throws OrtException;

    private native int getLogVerbosityLevel(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle) throws OrtException;

    private native void setRunTag(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, String runTag)
        throws OrtException;

    private native String getRunTag(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle) throws OrtException;

    private native void setTerminate(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, boolean terminate)
        throws OrtException;

    private native void addRunConfigEntry(
        long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, String key, String value) throws OrtException;

    private native void addActiveLoraAdapter(
        long apiHandle, long nativeHandle, long loraAdapterHandle) throws OrtException;

    private static native void close(long apiHandle, long nativeHandle);
  }

  /**
   * An {@link AutoCloseable} wrapper around a {@link Map} containing {@link OnnxValue}s.
   *
   * <p>When this is closed it closes all the {@link OnnxValue}s owned by the result object. If you
   * maintain a reference to a value after this object has been closed it will throw an {@link
   * IllegalStateException} upon access.
   *
   * <p>{@link OnnxValue}s which are supplied as pinned outputs to a {@code run} call are not closed
   * by the {@link Result#close()} method. Ownership of each output can be checked with {@link
   * Result#isResultOwner(int)}.
   */
  public static class Result implements AutoCloseable, Iterable<Map.Entry<String, OnnxValue>> {

    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Result.class.getName());

    private final Map<String, OnnxValue> map;

    private final List<OnnxValue> list;

    private final boolean[] ownedByResult;

    private boolean closed;

    /**
     * Creates a Result from the names and values produced by {@link OrtSession#run(Map)}.
     *
     * @param names The output names.
     * @param values The output values.
     */
    Result(String[] names, OnnxValue[] values, boolean[] ownedByResult) {
      if ((names.length != values.length) || (names.length != ownedByResult.length)) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
            "Expected same number of names, values and ownedByResult, found names.length = "
                + names.length
                + ", values.length = "
                + values.length
                + ", ownedByResult.length = "
                + ownedByResult.length);
      }

      map = new LinkedHashMap<>(OrtUtil.capacityFromSize(names.length));
      list = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(values));
      this.ownedByResult = ownedByResult;

      for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
        map.put(names[i], values[i]);
      }
      this.closed = false;
    }

    @Override
    public void close() {
      if (!closed) {
        closed = true;
        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
          if (ownedByResult[i]) {
            OnnxValue value = list.get(i);
            value.close();
          }
        }
      } else {
        logger.warning("Closing an already closed Result");
      }
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<Map.Entry<String, OnnxValue>> iterator() {
      if (!closed) {
        return map.entrySet().iterator();
      } else {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Result is closed");
      }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value from the container at the specified index.
     *
     * <p>Throws {@link IllegalStateException} if the container has been closed, and {@link
     * IndexOutOfBoundsException} if the index is invalid.
     *
     * @param index The index to lookup.
     * @return The value at the index.
     */
    public OnnxValue get(int index) {
      if (!closed) {
        return list.get(index);
      } else {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Result is closed");
      }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value from the container at the specified index.
     *
     * <p>Throws {@link IllegalStateException} if the container has been closed, and {@link
     * ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException} if the index is invalid.
     *
     * @param index The index to lookup.
     * @return Is that value owned by this result object?
     */
    public boolean isResultOwner(int index) {
      if (!closed) {
        return ownedByResult[index];
      } else {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Result is closed");
      }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of outputs in this Result.
     *
     * @return The number of outputs.
     */
    public int size() {
      return map.size();
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value from the container assuming it's not been closed.
     *
     * <p>Throws {@link IllegalStateException} if the container has been closed.
     *
     * @param key The key to lookup.
     * @return Optional.of the value if it exists.
     */
    public Optional<OnnxValue> get(String key) {
      if (!closed) {
        OnnxValue value = map.get(key);
        if (value != null) {
          return Optional.of(value);
        } else {
          return Optional.empty();
        }
      } else {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Result is closed");
      }
    }
  }
}
