This document describes the changes made to the Crypto application.

## Crypto 5.1

### Improvements and New Features

Input for configure scripts adapted to autoconf 2.71.

Own Id: OTP-17414 Aux Id: PR-4967

Add crypto:hash_equals/2

Own Id: OTP-17471 Aux Id: PR-4750

Add /opt/homebrew/opt/openssl to standard locations to search for OpenSSL cryptolib.

Own Id: OTP-17561

crypto_dyn_iv_init/3 and crypto_dyn_iv_update/3 are deprecated.

Own Id: OTP-17870

## Crypto 5.0.5

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fixed the C-warning "implicit declaration of function 'OpenSSL_version_num'" if compiling with an early LibreSSL version.

Own Id: OTP-17637

FIPS availability was not checked correctly for AEAD ciphers.

Own Id: OTP-17740

Fixed that cipher aliases (like aes_cbc etc) could be present even if the aliased cipher(s) (like aes_128_cbc, aes_256_cbc,... etc) was missing.

Own Id: OTP-17741

### Improvements and New Features

The crypto app in OTP can now be compiled, linked and used with the new OpenSSL 3.0 cryptolib.

It has not yet been extensively tested and is in this release *not recommended* for other usages than experiments and alpha testing. There are not yet any guaranties that it works, not even together with other OTP applications like for example SSL and SSH, although there are no known errors.

Compiling and linking with OpenSSL 3.0 cryptolib in compatibility modes (for example to behave as 1.1.1) are not tested. It is not tested with external providers.

The support for FIPS mode does not yet work, and is disabled when compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.

Deprecated functions in the OpenSSL 3.0 cryptolib must not be disabled as OTP/crypto still uses some of the deprecated API functions. The gcc flag -Wno-deprecated-declarations is set to prevent deprecation warnings to be printed when compiling.

The hash algorithms md4 and ripemd160 are disabled temporarily when compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.

The ciphers blowfish_cbc, blowfish_cfb64, blowfish_ecb, blowfish_ofb64, des_cbc, des_cfb, des_ecb, rc2_cbc and rc4 are disabled temporarily when compiled with OpenSSL 3.0.

Own Id: OTP-16646 Aux Id: OTP-16282

The error handling in crypto is partly refactored using the new error reporting support. Errors earlier propagated like exceptions are still so, but when the failing function is called from the terminal - for example during failure hunting - a more descriptive text is produced.

Own Id: OTP-17241

A new function crypto:info/0 which presents some data about the compilation and linkage of the crypto nif is added.

Own Id: OTP-17603

Added the pbkdf2_hmac/5 function to the crypto module.

It calls the PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC function which implements PBKD2 with HMAC in an efficient way.

Own Id: OTP-17808 Aux Id: PR-5421

## Crypto 5.0.4

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fixed minor memory leak at crypto module purge.

Own Id: OTP-17668 Aux Id: PR-5245

Fix possible inconsistency in fips mode when linking with some cryptolibs.

Own Id: OTP-17672

## Crypto 5.0.3

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fix bug in crypto:ensure_engine_unloaded. Also fixed minor memory leak related to engine unloading.

Own Id: OTP-17593 Aux Id: ERIERL-679

Fixes that FIPS enable and disable (or vice versa) on Windows sometimes leads to core dump at the time of process exit.

Own Id: OTP-17618 Aux Id: PR-5126, GH-4920

### Improvements and New Features

Disable fips if cryptolib < 1.0.1 and OTP/crypto is configured with --enable-fips

If not, there could be compiling or loading problems with antique OpenSSL versions.

Own Id: OTP-17389

## Crypto 5.0.2

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

EC keys are now zero-padded to the expected length if needed.

Own Id: OTP-17442 Aux Id: GH-4861

## Crypto 5.0.1

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Removed a risk for coredump.

Own Id: OTP-17391 Aux Id: GH-4810

Fixed and documented the DED_LDFLAGS_CONFTEST configuration variable in $ERL_TOP/HOWTO/INSTALL.md.

Own Id: OTP-17419 Aux Id: GH-4821

Commit of generated configure script.

Own Id: OTP-17420 Aux Id: OTP-17398, GH-4821

## Crypto 5.0

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Add /usr/local/opt/openssl to the openssl configure search path. This path is where some tools on OS X place openssl.

Own Id: OTP-16882

Fix compiler warnings produced by the clang compiler.

Own Id: OTP-17105 Aux Id: PR-2872

The configure scripts in crypto and erts now fail if a requested feature cannot be enabled.

Large parts of the configure script of crypto have been rewritten with various improvements and bug fixes. It is now better at finding usable OpenSSL libraries, but will in the following cases fail to detect OpenSSL libraries where it previously sometimes detected the libraries by chance:

OpenSSL installations with include directory and lib directory parts installed in different base directories. In order to detect such installations after this change, the user must explicitly specify the locations using the --with-ssl=<path> and the --with-ssl-incl=<path> configure command line arguments. When building with old gcc compilers or other compilers on Debian derivatives with multiarch directories under the lib directory. In order to detect such installations after this change, the user must explicitly specify the multiarch directory name using the --with-ssl-lib-subdir=lib/<multiarch-dir> configure command line argument.

Own Id: OTP-17254 Aux Id: ERIERL-618, GH-4230

The value 'none' was missing in the specs of crypto:sign/4 and crypto:verify/6.

Own Id: OTP-17312 Aux Id: PR-4723

### Improvements and New Features

The functions and cipher names that were deprecated in OTP-23.0 are now removed.

*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

Own Id: OTP-16656

Removed installed directory priv/obj/ containing superfluous object files.

Own Id: OTP-17001 Aux Id: PR-2852

TLS connections now support EdDSA certificates.

Own Id: OTP-17142 Aux Id: PR-4756, GH-4637, GH-4650

Add prop_aead attribute to map from crypto:cipher_info/1.

Own Id: OTP-17313 Aux Id: PR-4686

## Crypto 4.9.0.2

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

EC keys are now zero-padded to the expected length if needed.

Own Id: OTP-17442 Aux Id: GH-4861

## Crypto 4.9.0.1

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Removed a risk for coredump.

Own Id: OTP-17391 Aux Id: GH-4810

Commit of generated configure script.

Own Id: OTP-17420 Aux Id: OTP-17398, GH-4821

## Crypto 4.9

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fix minor memory leaks in crypto ENGINE and robustify the code.

Own Id: OTP-17212

The otp_test_engine no longer fails if NO_EC* is set in the OpenSSL configuration.

Own Id: OTP-17256 Aux Id: PR-4580, GH-4573

### Improvements and New Features

Various address sanitizer support.

Own Id: OTP-16959 Aux Id: PR-2965

EVP is now disabled for OpenSSL cryptolib versions up to and including 1.0.2

Own Id: OTP-17116 Aux Id: PR-2972

Warning for unused C function removed

Own Id: OTP-17145 Aux Id: OTP-17105, PR-2872

## Crypto 4.8.3

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Adding missing flag in BN-calls in SRP.

Own Id: OTP-17107

## Crypto 4.8.2

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fixed usage of AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIRS() macros in configure script sources.

Own Id: OTP-17093 Aux Id: ERL-1447, PR-2948

## Crypto 4.8.1

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Build the supported curves cache in the NIF when crypto is loaded, no matter how it is loaded.

This prevents a possible problem with different processes starting the crypto application concurrently.

Own Id: OTP-16819 Aux Id: PR-2720

It is now possible to build with crypto and openssl gprof-enabled and statically link them into the VM.

Own Id: OTP-17029

### Improvements and New Features

Fixed performance loss in HMAC when using older OpenSSL due to mutex issues.

A workaround is implemented to allow fallback from using the EVP API for HMAC operations. On some architectures this may improve the performance, especially with old OpenSSL versions. This fallback to low-level functions is always enabled for openssl versions before 1.0.2.

Own Id: OTP-17025 Aux Id: ERL-1400, PR-2877

## Crypto 4.8

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fix type spec bug in crypto for crypto_init and crypto:one_time

Own Id: OTP-16658 Aux Id: OTP-15884, ERL-1257

The deprecation message for crypto:rand_uniform/2 indicated a non-existent function. The correct one (rand:uniform/1) is now suggested.

Own Id: OTP-16846 Aux Id: PR-2741

### Improvements and New Features

Implemented a workaround to allow fallback from using the EVP API for Diffie-Hellman key generation

Own Id: OTP-16771 Aux Id: ERIERL-509

The internal Diffie-Hellman high level API for key generation was slow in old and by OpenSSL now unsupported cryptolib versions (1.0.1 and earlier).

If such a cryptolib is used anyhow, the low-level API is used internally in the crypto application.

Own Id: OTP-16774

## Crypto 4.7

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Crypto reported unsupported elliptic curves as supported on e.g Fedora distros.

Own Id: OTP-16579 Aux Id: ERL-825

### Improvements and New Features

Support for ed25519 and ed448 added to crypto:generate_key.

Own Id: OTP-15967 Aux Id: PR-2329

The new crypto functions api (crypto_init, crypto_update and crypto_one_time) has been updated.

There is now a function crypto_final/1 and a possibility to set options in crypto_init/3 and crypto_init/4. See the manual for details.

Own Id: OTP-16160

As announced in OTP 22.0, a New API was introduced in CRYPTO. See the New and Old API chapter in the CRYPTO User's Guide for more information and suggested replacement functions.

The Old API is now deprecated in OTP-23.0 and will be removed in OTP-24.0.

This deprecation includes cipher names. See the section Retired cipher names in the crypto User's Guide, chapter The Old API.

Own Id: OTP-16232

Fix C-compilation without deprecated OpenSSL cryptolib APIs

Own Id: OTP-16369 Aux Id: PR-2474

Refactored the internal handling of deprecated and removed functions.

Own Id: OTP-16469

Added missing 'eddh' to crypto:supports(public_keys).

Own Id: OTP-16583

## Crypto 4.6.5.4

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

EC keys are now zero-padded to the expected length if needed.

Own Id: OTP-17442 Aux Id: GH-4861

## Crypto 4.6.5.3

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Removed a risk for coredump.

Own Id: OTP-17391 Aux Id: GH-4810

Commit of generated configure script.

Own Id: OTP-17420 Aux Id: OTP-17398, GH-4821

## Crypto 4.6.5.2

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Adding missing flag in BN-calls in SRP.

Own Id: OTP-17107

## Crypto 4.6.5.1

### Improvements and New Features

Implemented a workaround to allow fallback from using the EVP API for Diffie-Hellman key generation

Own Id: OTP-16771 Aux Id: ERIERL-509

## Crypto 4.6.5

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fixed potential memory leaks involving calls to the crypto ng_api.

Own Id: OTP-16428 Aux Id: PR-2511

## Crypto 4.6.4

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Constant time comparisons added.

Own Id: OTP-16376

## Crypto 4.6.3

### Improvements and New Features

The ciphers aes_cfb8 and aes_cfb128 are now using the EVP interface. The supported key lengths are 128, 192 and 256 bits.

Own Id: OTP-16133 Aux Id: PR-2407

The ciphers aes_cfb8 and aes_cfb128 are now available in FIPS enabled mode.

Own Id: OTP-16134 Aux Id: PR-2407

## Crypto 4.6.2

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

The AEAD tag was not previously checked on decrypt with chacha20_poly1305

Own Id: OTP-16242 Aux Id: ERL-1078

## Crypto 4.6.1

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

FIxed a bug if the erlang emulator was linked with a very old cryptolib version (1.0.1 or earlier).

The bug now fixed could have triggered a core dump if an unknown cipher name was used in crypto functions.

Own Id: OTP-16202

## Crypto 4.6

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

The implementation of crypto_one_time/4 is adjusted to match the type specification. The spec and the black-box behaviour of the function are unchanged.

Some details: Both the spec and the implementation were correct seen separately. But with both of them combined simultaneously with crypto_one_time/5 which was called by the implementation of crypto_one_time/4, an (obvious) error was detected by a Dialyzer with more thorough checking than usual.

Own Id: OTP-15884 Aux Id: ERL-974

When using crypto with FIPS mode enabled, the digests were not correctly handled.

Own Id: OTP-15911

A memory leak in error handling code in ng_crypto_init_nif is fixed.

Own Id: OTP-15924

Fixed the broken static build of the crypto nifs

Own Id: OTP-15928 Aux Id: PR-2296

### Improvements and New Features

The Message Authentication Codes (MAC) CMAC, HMAC and Poly1305 are unified into common functions in the New Crypto API. See the manual for CRYPTO.

Own Id: OTP-13872

## Crypto 4.5.1

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

The cipher aes-ctr was disabled by mistake in crypto:supports for cryptolibs before 1.0.1. It worked however in the encrypt and decrypt functions.

Own Id: OTP-15829

## Crypto 4.5

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fixed a bug in error return for crypto:poly1305/2. It returned the atom notsup instead of the exception notsup.

*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

Own Id: OTP-15677

The cipher chacha20 was introduced in OpenSSL 1.1.0. However, it could in a very odd situation, fail for versions less than OpenSSL 1.1.0d. It is therefore disabled for those versions.

*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

Own Id: OTP-15678

### Improvements and New Features

A new rand module algorithm, exro928ss (Xoroshiro928**), has been implemented. It has got a really long period and good statistical quality for all output bits, while still being only about 50% slower than the default algorithm.

The same generator is also used as a long period counter in a new crypto plugin for the rand module, algorithm crypto_aes. This plugin uses AES-256 to scramble the counter which buries any detectable statistical artifacts. Scrambling is done in chunks which are cached to get good amortized speed (about half of the default algorithm).

Own Id: OTP-14461 Aux Id: PR-1857

Crypto's single C-file is split into multiple files. The different coding styles in the different parts are unified into a single style.

Own Id: OTP-14732 Aux Id: PR-2068, PR-2095

Build configuration of the crypto application has been moved from the erts application into the crypto application.

Own Id: OTP-15129

Adds two hash functions blake2b and blake2s (64 bit hash and 32 bit hash respectively). These are modern and standard hash functions used in blockchains and encrypted communication protocols. The hash functions are available in OpenSSL since version 1.1.1.

Own Id: OTP-15564 Aux Id: PR-2129

A new API is implemented in crypto. See the CRYPTO user's guide, chapter New and Old API for more information.

The old api with the crypto:block_* and crypto:stream_* interfaces are kept for compatibility, but implemented with the new api. Please note that since the error checking is more thorough, there might be arguments with for example faulty lengths that are no longer accepted.

*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

Own Id: OTP-15644 Aux Id: OTP-14732 , OTP-15451, PR-1857 , PR-2068, PR-2095

The new hash_info/1 and cipher_info/1 functions returns maps with information about the hash or cipher in the argument.

Own Id: OTP-15655 Aux Id: PR-2173, ERL-864, PR-2186

Obey additional OpenSSL configure flags when compiling the C-part of the CRYPTO application: no-bf, no-blake2, no-chacha, no-cmac, no-dh, no-dsa, no-md4, no-poly1305, no-rc2, no-rc4 and no-rmd160.

Own Id: OTP-15683

A new function crypto:supports/1 is introduced. The single argument takes an atom as argument: hashes, public_keys, ciphers, macs, curves or rsa_opts. The return value is a list of supported algorithms.

The difference with the existing crypto:supports/0 is, apart from the argument and the return value, that the old function reports what is supported by the old api, and the new function reports algorithms in the new api.

Own Id: OTP-15771

## Crypto 4.4.2.3

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Adding missing flag in BN-calls in SRP.

Own Id: OTP-17107

## Crypto 4.4.2.2

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Constant time comparisons added.

Own Id: OTP-16376

## Crypto 4.4.2.1

### Improvements and New Features

The ciphers aes_cfb8 and aes_cfb128 are now using the EVP interface. The supported key lengths are 128, 192 and 256 bits.

Own Id: OTP-16133 Aux Id: PR-2407

The ciphers aes_cfb8 and aes_cfb128 are now available in FIPS enabled mode.

Own Id: OTP-16134 Aux Id: PR-2407

## Crypto 4.4.2

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fixed build link error on Windows. Unresolved symbol 'bcmp'.

Own Id: OTP-15750 Aux Id: ERL-905

## Crypto 4.4.1

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fixes a bug that caused crypto:sign and crypto:verify to return the error message badarg instead of notsup in one case. That case was when signing or verifying with eddsa keys (that is, ed15519 or ed448), but only when FIPS was supported and enabled.

Own Id: OTP-15634

### Improvements and New Features

Added a crypto benchmark test suite.

Own Id: OTP-15447

## Crypto 4.4

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Updated the RSA options part in the crypto application's C-code, documentation and tests.

Own Id: OTP-15302

### Improvements and New Features

Added ed25519 and ed448 sign/verify.

Requires OpenSSL 1.1.1 or higher as cryptolib under the OTP application crypto.

Own Id: OTP-15419 Aux Id: OTP-15094

Fixed valgrind warnings.

Own Id: OTP-15467

## Crypto 4.3.3

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

The RSA options rsa_mgf1_md, rsa_oaep_md, and rsa_oaep_label were always disabled. They will now be enabled when a suitable cryptolib is used.

They are still experimental and may change without prior notice.

Own Id: OTP-15212 Aux Id: ERL-675, PR1899, PR838

The ciphers aes_ige256 and blowfish_cbc had naming issues in crypto:next_iv/2.

Own Id: OTP-15283

the RSA_SSLV23_PADDING is disabled if LibreSSL is used as cryptlib. This is due to compilation problems.

This will be investigated further in the future.

Own Id: OTP-15303

### Improvements and New Features

The supported named elliptic curves are now reported in crypto:supports/0 in a new entry tagged by 'curves'.

The function crypto:ec_curves/0 is kept for compatibility.

Own Id: OTP-14717 Aux Id: OTP-15244

The typing in the CRYPTO and PUBLIC_KEY applications are reworked and a few mistakes are corrected.

The documentation is now generated from the typing and some clarifications are made.

A new chapter on Algorithm Details such as key sizes and availability is added to the CRYPTO User's Guide.

Own Id: OTP-15134

Support for SHA3 both as a separate hash and in HMAC is now available if OpenSSL 1.1.1 or higher is used as cryptolib.

Available lengths are reported in the 'hashs' entry in crypto:supports/0 as sha3_*.

Own Id: OTP-15153

The mac algorithm poly1305 and the cipher algorithm chacha20 are now supported if OpenSSL 1.1.1 or higher is used as cryptolib.

Own Id: OTP-15164 Aux Id: OTP-15209

The key exchange Edward curves x25519 and x448 are now supported if OpenSSL 1.1.1 or higher is used as cryptolib.

Own Id: OTP-15240 Aux Id: OTP-15133

The supported RSA options for sign/verify and encrypt/decrypt are now reported in crypto:supports/0 in a new entry tagged by 'rsa_opts'.

The exakt set is still experimental and may change without prior notice.

Own Id: OTP-15260

The cipher aes_ccm is added.

Own Id: OTP-15286

## Crypto 4.3.2

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Update the crypto engine functions to handle multiple loads of an engine.

engine_load/3/4 is updated so it doesn't add the engine ID to OpenSSLs internal list of engines which makes it possible to run the engine_load more than once if it doesn't contain global data.

Added ensure_engine_loaded/2/3 which guarantees that the engine just is loaded once and the following calls just returns a reference to it. This is done by add the ID to the internal OpenSSL list and check if it is already registered when the function is called.

Added ensure_engine_unloaded/1/2 to unload engines loaded with ensure_engine_loaded.

Then some more utility functions are added.

engine_add/1, adds the engine to OpenSSL internal list

engine_remove/1, remove the engine from OpenSSL internal list

engine_get_id/1, fetch the engines id

engine_get_name/1, fetch the engine name

Own Id: OTP-15233

## Crypto 4.3.1

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fixed a node crash in crypto:compute_key(ecdh, ...) when passing a wrongly typed Others argument.

Own Id: OTP-15194 Aux Id: ERL-673

## Crypto 4.3

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Removed two undocumented and erroneous functions (crypto:dh_generate_parameters/2 and crypto:dh_check/1).

Own Id: OTP-14956 Aux Id: ERL-579

Fixed bug causing VM crash if doing runtime upgrade of a crypto module built against OpenSSL older than 0.9.8h. Bug exists since OTP-20.2.

Own Id: OTP-15088

### Improvements and New Features

A new rand plugin algorithm has been implemented in crypto, that is: crypto_cache. It uses strong random bytes as randomness source and caches them to get good speed. See crypto:rand_seed_alg/1.

Own Id: OTP-13370 Aux Id: PR-1573

Diffie-Hellman key functions are re-written with the EVP_PKEY api.

Own Id: OTP-14864

## Crypto 4.2.2.4

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Constant time comparisons added.

Own Id: OTP-16376

## Crypto 4.2.2.3

### Improvements and New Features

The ciphers aes_cfb8 and aes_cfb128 are now using the EVP interface. The supported key lengths are 128, 192 and 256 bits.

Own Id: OTP-16133 Aux Id: PR-2407

## Crypto 4.2.2.1

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fixed a node crash in crypto:compute_key(ecdh, ...) when passing a wrongly typed Others argument.

Own Id: OTP-15194 Aux Id: ERL-673

## Crypto 4.2.2

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

If OPENSSL_NO_EC was set, the compilation of the crypto nifs failed.

Own Id: OTP-15073

C-compile errors for LibreSSL 2.7.0 - 2.7.2 fixed

Own Id: OTP-15074 Aux Id: ERL-618

## Crypto 4.2.1

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fix build error caused by removed RSA padding functions in LibreSSL >= 2.6.1

Own Id: OTP-14873

## Crypto 4.2

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

The compatibility function void HMAC_CTX_free in crypto.c erroneously tried to return a value.

Own Id: OTP-14720

### Improvements and New Features

Rewrite public and private key encode/decode with EVP api. New RSA padding options added. This is a modified half of PR-838.

Own Id: OTP-14446

The crypto API is extended to use private/public keys stored in an Engine for sign/verify or encrypt/decrypt operations.

The ssl application provides an API to use this new engine concept in TLS.

Own Id: OTP-14448

Add support to plug in alternative implementations for some or all of the cryptographic operations supported by the OpenSSL Engine API. When configured appropriately, OpenSSL calls the engine's implementation of these operations instead of its own.

Own Id: OTP-14567

Replaced a call of the OpenSSL deprecated function DH_generate_parameters in crypto.c.

Own Id: OTP-14639

Documentation added about how to use keys stored in an Engine.

Own Id: OTP-14735 Aux Id: OTP-14448

Add engine_ ctrl_cmd_string/3,4 the OpenSSL Engine support in crypto.

Own Id: OTP-14801

## Crypto 4.1

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

On macOS, crypto would crash if observer had been started before crypto. On the beta for macOS 10.13 (High Sierra), crypto would crash. Both of those bugs have been fixed.

Own Id: OTP-14499 Aux Id: ERL-251 ERL-439

### Improvements and New Features

Extend crypto:sign, crypto:verify, public_key:sign and public_key:verify with:

* support for RSASSA-PS padding for signatures and for saltlength setting
* X9.31 RSA padding.
* sha, sha224, sha256, sha384, and sha512 for dss signatures as mentioned in NIST SP 800-57 Part 1.
* ripemd160 to be used for rsa signatures.

This is a manual merge of half of the pull request 838 by potatosalad from Sept 2015.

Own Id: OTP-13704 Aux Id: PR838

A new tuple in crypto:supports/0 reports supported MAC algorithms.

Own Id: OTP-14504

## Crypto 4.0

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

LibreSSL can now be used by the modernized crypto app.

Own Id: OTP-14247

Add compile option -compile(no_native) in modules with on_load directive which is not yet supported by HiPE.

Own Id: OTP-14316 Aux Id: PR-1390

Fix a bug in aes cfb128 function introduced by the bug fix in GitHub pull request #1393.

Own Id: OTP-14435 Aux Id: PR-1462, PR-1393, OTP-14313

### Improvements and New Features

Add basic support for CMAC

Own Id: OTP-13779 Aux Id: ERL-82 PR-1138

Removed functions deprecated in crypto-3.0 first released in OTP-R16B01

*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

Own Id: OTP-13873

The crypto application now supports OpenSSL 1.1.

Own Id: OTP-13900

Allow Erlang/OTP to use OpenSSL in FIPS-140 mode, in order to satisfy specific security requirements (mostly by different parts of the US federal government).

See the new crypto users guide "FIPS mode" chapter about building and using the FIPS support which is disabled by default.

(Thanks to dszoboszlay and legoscia)

Own Id: OTP-13921 Aux Id: PR-1180

Crypto chacha20-poly1305 as in RFC 7539 enabled for OpenSSL >= 1.1.

Thanks to mururu.

Own Id: OTP-14092 Aux Id: PR-1291

RSA key generation added to crypto:generate_key/2. Thanks to wiml.

An interface is also added to public_key:generate_key/1.

Own Id: OTP-14140 Aux Id: ERL-165, PR-1299

Raised minimum requirement for OpenSSL version to OpenSSL-0.9.8.c although we recommend a much higher version, that is a version that is still maintained officially by the OpenSSL project. Note that using such an old version may restrict the crypto algorithms supported.

*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

Own Id: OTP-14171

Deprecate crypto:rand_uniform/2 as it is not cryptographically strong

Own Id: OTP-14274

The Crypto application now supports generation of cryptographically strong random numbers (floats < 1.0 and integer arbitrary ranges) as a plugin to the 'rand' module.

Own Id: OTP-14317 Aux Id: PR-1372

This replaces the hard coded test values for AES, CMAC and GCM ciphers with the full validation set from NIST's CAVP program.

Own Id: OTP-14436 Aux Id: PR-1396

## Crypto 3.7.4

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fix a bug with AES CFB 128 for 192 and 256 bit keys. Thanks to kellymclaughlin !

Own Id: OTP-14313 Aux Id: PR-1393

## Crypto 3.7.3

### Improvements and New Features

The implementation of the key exchange algorithms diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha* are optimized, up to a factor of 11 for the slowest ( = biggest and safest) group size.

Own Id: OTP-14169 Aux Id: seq-13261

## Crypto 3.7.2

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

The crypto application has been fixed to not use RC2 against OpenSSL built with RC2 disabled.

Own Id: OTP-13895 Aux Id: PR-1163

The crypto application has been fixed to not use RC4 against OpenSSL built with RC4 disabled.

Own Id: OTP-13896 Aux Id: PR-1169

### Improvements and New Features

To ease troubleshooting, erlang:load_nif/2 now includes the return value from a failed call to load/reload/upgrade in the text part of the error tuple. The crypto NIF makes use of this feature by returning the source line where/if the initialization fails.

Own Id: OTP-13951

## Crypto 3.7.1

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Crypto has been fixed to work against OpenSSL versions with disabled DES ciphers. Correct spelling of cipher algorithm 'des3_cfb' has been introduced; the previous misspeling still works.

Own Id: OTP-13783 Aux Id: ERL-203

The size of an internal array in crypto has been fixed to not segfault when having all possible ciphers. Bug fix by Duncan Overbruck.

Own Id: OTP-13789 Aux Id: PR-1140

## Crypto 3.7

### Improvements and New Features

Refactor crypto to use the EVP interface of OpenSSL, which is the recommended interface that also enables access to hardware acceleration for some operations.

Own Id: OTP-12217

Add support for 192-bit keys for the aes_cbc cipher.

Own Id: OTP-13206 Aux Id: pr 832

Add support for 192-bit keys for aes_ecb.

Own Id: OTP-13207 Aux Id: pr829

Deprecate the function crypto:rand_bytes and make sure that crypto:strong_rand_bytes is used in all places that are cryptographically significant.

Own Id: OTP-13214

Enable AES-GCM encryption/decryption to change the tag length between 1 to 16 bytes.

Own Id: OTP-13483 Aux Id: PR-998

## Crypto 3.6.3

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fix bug for aes_ecb block crypto when data is larger than 16 bytes.

Own Id: OTP-13249

Improve portability of ECC tests in Crypto and SSL for "exotic" OpenSSL versions.

Own Id: OTP-13311

## Crypto 3.6.2

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Small documentation fixes

Own Id: OTP-13017

## Crypto 3.6.1

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Make crypto:ec_curves/0 return empty list if elliptic curve is not supported at all.

Own Id: OTP-12944

## Crypto 3.6

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Enhance crypto:generate_key to calculate ECC public keys from private key.

Own Id: OTP-12394

Fix bug in crypto:generate_key for ecdh that could cause VM crash for faulty input.

Own Id: OTP-12733

### Improvements and New Features

Use the EVP API for AES-CBC crypto to enables the use of hardware acceleration for AES-CBC crypto on newer Intel CPUs (AES-NI), among other platforms.

Own Id: OTP-12380

Add AES ECB block encryption.

Own Id: OTP-12403

## Crypto 3.5

### Improvements and New Features

Extend block_encrypt/decrypt for aes_cfb8 and aes_cfb128 to accept keys of length 128, 192 and 256 bits. Before only 128 bit keys were accepted.

Own Id: OTP-12467

## Crypto 3.4.2

### Improvements and New Features

Add configure option --with-ssl-incl=PATH to support OpenSSL installations with headers and libraries at different places.

Own Id: OTP-12215 Aux Id: seq12700

Add configure option --with-ssl-rpath to control which runtime library path to use for dynamic linkage toward OpenSSL.

Own Id: OTP-12316 Aux Id: seq12753

## Crypto 3.4.1

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Make crypto verify major version number of OpenSSL header files and runtime library. Loading of crypto will fail if there is a version mismatch.

Own Id: OTP-12146 Aux Id: seq12700

## Crypto 3.4

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fix memory leak in crypto:hmac_init/upgrade/final functions for all data and in crypto:hmac/3/4 for data larger than 20000 bytes. Bug exists since OTP 17.0.

Own Id: OTP-11953

Fix memory leak in crypto for elliptic curve.

Own Id: OTP-11999

### Improvements and New Features

Add aes_cfb8 cypher to crypto:block_encrypt and block_decrypt.

Own Id: OTP-11911

## Crypto 3.3

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fix memory leaks and invalid deallocations in mod_pow, mod_exp and generate_key(srp,...) when bad arguments are passed. (Thanks to Florian Zumbiehi)

Own Id: OTP-11550

Correction of the word 'ChipherText' throughout the documentation (Thanks to Andrew Tunnell-Jones)

Own Id: OTP-11609

Fix fatal bug when using a hmac context variable in more than one call to hmac_update or hmac_final. The reuse of hmac contexts has never worked as the underlying OpenSSL implementation does not support it. It is now documented as having undefined behaviour, but it does not crash or corrupt the VM anymore.

Own Id: OTP-11724

Crypto handles out-of-memory with a controlled abort instead of crash/corruption. (Thanks to Florian Zumbiehi)

Own Id: OTP-11725

Application upgrade (appup) files are corrected for the following applications:

asn1, common_test, compiler, crypto, debugger, dialyzer, edoc, eldap, erl_docgen, et, eunit, gs, hipe, inets, observer, odbc, os_mon, otp_mibs, parsetools, percept, public_key, reltool, runtime_tools, ssh, syntax_tools, test_server, tools, typer, webtool, wx, xmerl

A new test utility for testing appup files is added to test_server. This is now used by most applications in OTP.

(Thanks to Tobias Schlager)

Own Id: OTP-11744

### Improvements and New Features

By giving --enable-static-{nifs,drivers} to configure it is now possible to statically linking of nifs and drivers to the main Erlang VM binary. At the moment only the asn1 and crypto nifs of the Erlang/OTP nifs and drivers have been prepared to be statically linked. For more details see the Installation Guide in the System documentation.

Own Id: OTP-11258

Add IGE mode for AES cipher in crypto (Thanks to Yura Beznos).

Own Id: OTP-11522

Moved elliptic curve definition from the crypto NIF/OpenSSL into Erlang code, adds the RFC-5639 brainpool curves and makes TLS use them (RFC-7027).

Thanks to Andreas Schultz

Own Id: OTP-11578

Remove all obsolete application processes from crypto and make it into a pure library application.

Own Id: OTP-11619

## Crypto 3.2

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fix uninitialized pointers in crypto (Thanks to Anthony Ramine)

Own Id: OTP-11510

## Crypto 3.1

### Improvements and New Features

Refactor ecdsa cipher to simplify code and improve performance.

Own Id: OTP-11320

## Crypto 3.0

### Improvements and New Features

Integrate elliptic curve contribution from Andreas Schultz

In order to be able to support elliptic curve cipher suites in SSL/TLS, additions to handle elliptic curve infrastructure has been added to public_key and crypto.

This also has resulted in a rewrite of the crypto API to gain consistency and remove unnecessary overhead. All OTP applications using crypto has been updated to use the new API.

Impact: Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) offers equivalent security with smaller key sizes than other public key algorithms. Smaller key sizes result in savings for power, memory, bandwidth, and computational cost that make ECC especially attractive for constrained environments.

Own Id: OTP-11009

Fixed a spelling mistake in crypto docs. Thanks to Klaus Trainer

Own Id: OTP-11058

### Known Bugs and Problems

Make the crypto functions interruptible by chunking input when it is very large and bumping reductions in the nifs.

Not yet implemented for block_encrypt|decrypt/4

Impact: Individual calls to crypto functions may take longer time but over all system performance should improve as crypto calls will not become throughput bottlenecks.

Own Id: OTP-11142

## Crypto 2.3

### Improvements and New Features

Enable runtime upgrade of crypto including the OpenSSL library used by crypto.

Own Id: OTP-10596

Improve documentation and tests for hmac functions in crypto. Thanks to Daniel White

Own Id: OTP-10640

Added ripemd160 support to crypto. Thanks to Michael Loftis

Own Id: OTP-10667

## Crypto 2.2

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Remove unnecessary dependency to libssl from crypto NIF library. This dependency was introduced by accident in R14B04.

Own Id: OTP-10064

### Improvements and New Features

Add crypto and public_key support for the hash functions SHA224, SHA256, SHA384 and SHA512 and also hmac and rsa_sign/verify support using these hash functions. Thanks to Andreas Schultz for making a prototype.

Own Id: OTP-9908

Optimize RSA private key handling in crypto and public_key.

Own Id: OTP-10065

Make crypto:aes_cfb_128_encrypt and crypto:aes_cfb_128_decrypt handle data and cipher with arbitrary length. (Thanks to Stefan Zegenhagen)

Own Id: OTP-10136

## Crypto 2.1

### Improvements and New Features

public_key, ssl and crypto now supports PKCS-8

Own Id: OTP-9312

Erlang/OTP can now be built using parallel make if you limit the number of jobs, for instance using 'make -j6' or 'make -j10'. 'make -j' does not work at the moment because of some missing dependencies.

Own Id: OTP-9451

Add DES and Triple DES cipher feedback (CFB) mode functions to crypto. (Thanks to Paul Guyot)

Own Id: OTP-9640

Add sha256, sha384 and sha512 support for crypto:rsa_verify.

Own Id: OTP-9778

## Crypto 2.0.4

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

crypto:rand_uniform works correctly for negative integers. Fails with badarg exception for invalid ranges (when Hi =< Lo) instead of returning incorrect output.

Own Id: OTP-9526

Fix win32 OpenSSL static linking (Thanks to Dave Cottlehuber)

Own Id: OTP-9532

## Crypto 2.0.3

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Various small documentation fixes (Thanks to Bernard Duggan)

Own Id: OTP-9172

### Improvements and New Features

New crypto support for streaming of AES CTR and HMAC. (Thanks to Travis Jensen)

Own Id: OTP-9275

Due to standard library DLL mismatches between versions of OpenSSL and Erlang/OTP, OpenSSL is now linked statically to the crypto driver on Windows. This fixes problems starting crypto when running Erlang as a service on all Windows versions.

Own Id: OTP-9280

## Crypto 2.0.2.2

### Improvements and New Features

Strengthened random number generation. (Thanks to Geoff Cant)

Own Id: OTP-9225

## Crypto 2.0.2.1

### Improvements and New Features

Misc. Updates.

Own Id: OTP-9132

## Crypto 2.0.2

### Improvements and New Features

AES CTR encryption support in crypto.

Own Id: OTP-8752 Aux Id: seq11642

## Crypto 2.0.1

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Crypto dialyzer type error in md5_mac and sha_mac.

Own Id: OTP-8718

RC4 stream cipher didn't work. This since the new NIF implementation of crypto:rc4_encrypt_with_state/2 introduced in crypto-2.0 didn't return an updated state. (Thanks to Paul Guyot)

Own Id: OTP-8781

A number of memory leaks in the crypto NIF library have been fixed.

Own Id: OTP-8810

### Improvements and New Features

Added erlang:system_info(build_type) which makes it easier to chose drivers, NIF libraries, etc based on build type of the runtime system.

The NIF library for crypto can now be built for valgrind and/or debug as separate NIF libraries that will be automatically loaded if the runtime system has been built with a matching build type.

Own Id: OTP-8760

## Crypto 2.0

### Improvements and New Features

crypto application changed to use NIFs instead of driver.

Own Id: OTP-8333

des_ecb_encrypt/2 and des_ecb_decrypt/2 has been added to the crypto module. The crypto:md4/1 function has been documented.

Own Id: OTP-8551

The undocumented, unsupported, and deprecated function lists:flat_length/1 has been removed.

Own Id: OTP-8584

New variants of crypto:dss_sign and crypto:dss_verify with an extra argument to control how the digest is calculated.

Own Id: OTP-8700

## Crypto 1.6.4

### Improvements and New Features

Cross compilation improvements and other build system improvements.

Most notable:

Lots of cross compilation improvements. The old cross compilation support was more or less non-existing as well as broken. Please, note that the cross compilation support should still be considered as experimental. Also note that old cross compilation configurations cannot be used without modifications. For more information on cross compiling Erlang/OTP see the $ERL_TOP/INSTALL-CROSS.md file. Support for staged install using DESTDIR. The old broken INSTALL_PREFIX has also been fixed. For more information see the $ERL_TOP/INSTALL.md file. Documentation of the release target of the top Makefile. For more information see the $ERL_TOP/INSTALL.md file. make install now by default creates relative symbolic links instead of absolute ones. For more information see the $ERL_TOP/INSTALL.md file. $ERL_TOP/configure --help=recursive now works and prints help for all applications with configure scripts. Doing make install, or make release directly after make all no longer triggers miscellaneous rebuilds. Existing bootstrap system is now used when doing make install, or make release without a preceding make all. The crypto and ssl applications use the same runtime library path when dynamically linking against libssl.so and libcrypto.so. The runtime library search path has also been extended. The configure scripts of erl_interface and odbc now search for thread libraries and thread library quirks the same way as ERTS do. The configure script of the odbc application now also looks for odbc libraries in lib64 and lib/64 directories when building on a 64-bit system. The config.h.in file in the erl_interface application is now automatically generated in instead of statically updated which reduces the risk of configure tests without any effect.

(Thanks to Henrik Riomar for suggestions and testing)

(Thanks to Winston Smith for the AVR32-Linux cross configuration and testing)

*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

Own Id: OTP-8323

The crypto module now supports Blowfish in ECB, CBC and OFB modes. (Thanks to Paul Oliver.)

Own Id: OTP-8331

The documentation is now possible to build in an open source environment after a number of bugs are fixed and some features are added in the documentation build process.

- The arity calculation is updated.

- The module prefix used in the function names for bif's are removed in the generated links so the links will look like "http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#append_element-2" instead of "http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#erlang:append_element-2".

- Enhanced the menu positioning in the html documentation when a new page is loaded.

- A number of corrections in the generation of man pages (thanks to Sergei Golovan)

- The legal notice is taken from the xml book file so OTP's build process can be used for non OTP applications.

Own Id: OTP-8343

## Crypto 1.6.3

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Suppressed false valgrind errors caused by libcrypto using uninitialized data as entropy.

Own Id: OTP-8200

### Improvements and New Features

The documentation is now built with open source tools (xsltproc and fop) that exists on most platforms. One visible change is that the frames are removed.

Own Id: OTP-8201

When the crypto application failed to load the OpenSSL/LibEAY shared object, error indication was sparse. Now a more specific error message is sent to the error logger.

Own Id: OTP-8281

## Crypto 1.6.2

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Fixed emulator crash caused by crypto using an old openssl version that did not cope with large file descriptors.

Own Id: OTP-8261 Aux Id: seq11434

## Crypto 1.6.1

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Makefile.in has been updated to use the LDFLAGS environment variable (if set). (Thanks to Davide Pesavento.)

Own Id: OTP-8157

### Improvements and New Features

Support for Blowfish cfb64 added to crypto.

Own Id: OTP-8096

New function crypto:aes_cbc_ivec

Own Id: OTP-8141

## Crypto 1.6

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

The dh_compute_key sometimes returned a SharedSecret of incorrect size.

Own Id: OTP-7674

### Improvements and New Features

Optimization for drivers by creating small binaries direct on process heap.

Own Id: OTP-7762

## Crypto 1.5.3

### Improvements and New Features

Added new functions: dss_verify/3, rsa_verify/3, rsa_verify/4, dss_sign/2, rsa_sign/2, rsa_sign/3, rsa_public_encrypt, rsa_private_decrypt/3, rsa_private_encrypt/3, rsa_public_decrypt/3, dh_generate_key/1, dh_generate_key/2, dh_compute_key/3.

Own Id: OTP-7545

## Crypto 1.5.2.1

### Improvements and New Features

Minor performance optimization.

Own Id: OTP-7521

## Crypto 1.5.2

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

./configure has been improved to find 64-bit OpenSSL libraries.

Own Id: OTP-7270

### Improvements and New Features

crypto and zlib drivers improved to allow concurrent smp access.

Own Id: OTP-7262

## Crypto 1.5.1.1

### Improvements and New Features

The linked in driver for the crypto application is now linked statically against the OpenSSL libraries, to avoid installation and runtime problems in connection to the OpenSSL library locations.

Own Id: OTP-6680

Minor Makefile changes.

Own Id: OTP-6689

## Crypto 1.5

### Improvements and New Features

It is now explicitly checked at start-up that the crypto driver is properly loaded (Thanks to Claes Wikstrom).

Own Id: OTP-6109

## Crypto 1.4

### Improvements and New Features

The previously undocumented and UNSUPPORTED ssh application has been updated and documented. This release of the ssh application is still considered to be a beta release and (if necessary) there could still be changes in its API before it reaches 1.0.

Also, more cryptographic algorithms have been added to the crypto application.

*** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

Own Id: OTP-5631

## Crypto 1.3

### Improvements and New Features

Added support for RFC 3826 - The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Cipher Algorithm in the SNMP User-based Security Model.
Martin Björklund

## Crypto 1.2.3

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

Linked in drivers in the crypto, and asn1 applications are now compiled with the -D_THREAD_SAFE and -D_REENTRANT switches on unix when the emulator has thread support enabled.

Linked in drivers on MacOSX are not compiled with the undocumented -lbundle1.o switch anymore. Thanks to Sean Hinde who sent us a patch.

Linked in driver in crypto, and port programs in ssl, now compiles on OSF1.

Minor makefile improvements in runtime_tools.

Own Id: OTP-5346

## Crypto 1.2.2

### Improvements and New Features

Corrected error handling. If the port to the driver that crypto uses is unexpectedly closed (which should not happen during normal operation of crypto), crypto will terminate immediately (rather than crashing the next time crypto is used). Also corrected build problems on Mac OS X.

Own Id: OTP-5279

## Crypto 1.2.1

### Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

It was not possible in R9 to relink the crypto driver. The object file was missing as well as an example makefile. The crypto driver object file is now released with the application (installed in priv/obj). An example makefile has also been added to the priv/obj directory. The makefile serves as an example of how to relink the driver on Unix (crypto_drv.so) or Windows (crypto_drv.dll).

Own Id: OTP-4828 Aux Id: seq8193

## Crypto 1.2

### Improvements and New Features

Previous versions of Crypto where delivered with statically linked binaries based on SSLeay. That is not longer the case. The current version of Crypto requires dynamically linked OpenSSL libraries that the user has to install. The library needed is libcrypto.so (Unix) or libeay32.[lib|dll] (Win32). For further details see the crypto(6) application manual page.

This version of Crypto uses the new DES interface of OpenSSL 0.9.7, which is not backward compatible with earlier versions of OpenSSL.

The functions des_ede3_cbc_encrypt/5 and des_ede3_cbc_decrypt/5 have been renamed to des3_cbc_encrypt/5 and des3_cbc_decrypt/5, respectively. The old functions have been retained (they are deprecated and not listed in the crypto(3) manual page).

### Reported Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

The start of crypto failed on Windows, due to erroneous addition of a DES3 algorithm.

Own Id: OTP-4684
Aux Id: seq7864

## Crypto 1.1.3

### Reported Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

To obtain backward compatibility with the old SSLeay package, and with earlier versions of OpenSSL, the macro OPENSSL_DES_LIBDES_COMPATIBILITY has been added to crypto_drv.c. This is of importance only for the open source version of Crypto.

## Crypto 1.1.2

### Reported Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

In the manual page crypto(3) the function names md5_finish and sha_finish have been changed to md5_final and sha_final to correctly document the implementation.

Own Id: OTP-3409

## Crypto 1.1.1

Code replacement in runtime is supported. Upgrade can be done from from version 1.1 and downgrade to version 1.1.

### Improvements and New Features

The driver part of the Crypto application has been updated to use the erl_driver header file. Version 1.1.1 requires emulator version 4.9.1 or later.

## Crypto 1.1

### Reported Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

On Windows the crypto_drv was incorrectly linked to static run-time libraries instead of dynamic ones.

Own Id: OTP-3240

## Crypto 1.0

New application.