------------------
ChucK VERSIONS log
------------------

1.5.0.2 (June 2023)
---
- (note) this is primarily a maintenance release; please see 1.5.0.1
  and earlier release notes  to see recent feature updates
- (fixed) (jack, linux/unix) port name now accounts for regex meta
  characters (thanks @gyroplast and @garyscavone)
- (developer) house cleaning on the chuck git repository
  |- migrated large files out of 'chuck' and into a new 'chuck-media' repo
  |- streamlined release notes and moved to top level
  |- removed outdated files
  |- added additional information including ChucK History into README.md
-- NOTE TO DEVELOPERS --
  The Great ChucK Repo Cleanup of 2023 has been completed! As a 
result, the overall chuck repo size has been reduced from 721MB to 
25MB. Since git works by cloning the entire repo and all history, this 
massively improves the speed of git clone, git submodule update --init in 
repos that reference chuck, and the size of each chuck clone on disk. 
  To accomplish this, we had to "rewrite the git history," which is 
a semi-cataclysmic process for git repos. As a result, all existing 
clones of the chuck, miniAudicle, and chunity repos as well as branches 
and pull-requests that reference the older repo *** are now invalid ***. 
Please do a fresh clone of the chuck/miniAudicle/chunity repos and copy 
any important changes to these fresh clones before making any further 
changes to avoid headaches! 
  NOTE: do not use git pull with your existing, pre-cleanup chuck 
repo as it will seem to work BUT will put your local repo into a messed 
up state. A fresh git clone is necessary before proceeding with chuck 
development! We believe that the cleaner, smoother ChucK dev experience 
will be worth this short-term inconvenience. Apologies for any confusion 
that may arise, and thank you for being involved in ChucK development!
  A "legacy" pre-cleanup fork of the repository before the Cleanup
has been archived here: https://github.com/spencersalazar/chuck-legacy
---
miniAudicle (added: few helpful features)
- (added) menu "Help" now has items that will open websites in
  the default browser:
  "ChucK Class Library Reference..."
    https://chuck.stanford.edu/doc/reference/
  "ChucK Documentation..."
    https://chuck.stanford.edu/doc/
  "ChucK Community..."
    https://chuck.stanford.edu/community/
- (updated) menu "Help" now correctly directs user to miniAudicle
  and ChucK websites:
  "ChucK website..."
    https://chuck.stanford.edu/
  "miniAudicle website..."
    https://github.com/ccrma/miniAudicle/
- (added, Windows/Linux) Device Browser now has an "Audio driver"
  drop-down box that can select an available driver to view its
  associated audio devices


1.5.0.1 (June 2023)
---
- (added) WvOut support for multiple bit-depths: 16-bit signed int,
  24-bit signed int, 32-bit signed int, 32-bit float, 64-bit float
- (added) the above can be optionally specified in new overloaded WvOut methods:
	string aifFilename( string value, int datatype );
	    Open an AIFF file for writing, with datatype (e.g., IO.INT16,
	    IO.INT24, IO.INT32, IO.FLOAT32, IO.FLOAT64).
	string sndFilename( string value, int datatype );
	    Open SND file for writing, with datatype (e.g., IO.INT16, IO.INT24, IO.INT32,
	    IO.FLOAT32, IO.FLOAT64).
	string wavFilename( string value, int datatype );
	    Open WAVE file for writing, with datatype (e.g., IO.INT16, IO.INT24, IO.INT32, IO.FLOAT32, IO.FLOAT64).
	string matFilename( string value, int datatype );
	    Open MATLAB file for writing; NOTE: datatype for MATLAB files can
	    only be IO.FLOAT64.
	string rawFilename( string value, int datatype );
	    Open a RAW file for writing; NOTE: datatype for raw files can
	    only be IO.INT16
- (added) examples/stk/wvout-24bit.ck shows writing to a 24-bit audio file
- (added) new IO flags: IO.INT24, IO.INT64, IO.FLOAT32, IO.FLOAT64
  IO.UINT8, IO.SINT8, IO.UINT16, IO.SINT16, IO.UINT32, IO.SINT32,
  IO.UINT64, IO.SINT64
- (fixed) (Windows) HID joystick input
    |- note: certain joystick devices (including some XBox One gamepads)
       are recognized but do not receive input data; a workaround is to
       install explicitly HID drivers for these devices; see
    |- https://www.snes9x.com/phpbb3/viewtopic.php?t=27510&sid=661fbbc1609037a8ec2e5f10e003f5a0
    |- (from above URL): open Device Manager, expand "Human Interface Devices",
          right click "XINPUT compatible HID device", "Update driver",
       "Browse my computer", "Let me pick". should be three options.
       Try "HID-compliant game controller". If you want to undo the
       change, same thing but update "HID-compliant game controller"
       and pick the XINPUT ***
- (updated) BINARY mode for IO now able to read signed vs. unsigned integers,
  specified using using .readtInt( flags ), where 'flags' is one of the above
  IO flags; in BINARY mode, IO.INT8/16/32 now returns unsigned integers, same as
  IO.UINT8/16/32; to read in signed two's complement integers, use the new
  IO.SINT8/16/32/64 flags
- (added) FileIO.readFloat( int flags) and FileIO.write( float val, int flags )
  these overloaded versions of readFloat() and write() respectively have a 'flags'
  argument to specify the kind of float (IO.FLOAT32 or IO.FLOAT64)
- (added) examples/io/read-wav-raw.ck -- illustrates directly parsing a WAV file
  using FileIO in binary mode (author: Perry R. Cook)
- (added) examples/special/scream-o-matic/ -- using LiSa + granular
  synthesis for a scream texture generator.
- (fixed) potential-crash-on-shutdown type system issue
- (fixed) CNoise incorrect bias on pink noise (thank you anthonyhawes)
- (updated) on all platforms, Math.random*() functions now internally
  use a standard Mersenne Twister RNG (mt19937); this greatly improves 
  the quality of RNG output, especially on Windows
- (updated) on Linux, better default runtime driver selection for
  Jack and ALSA
- (updated/developer) chuck core minimum c++ level raised to c++11;
  projects need compile chuck core with earlier dialect of c++ would need
  to modify the source code accordingly
- (updated/developer) makefile for linux-jack
- (updated/developer) migrated RegEx module from base chuck to chugin
- (added/developer) DL Api array4 operations from chugin
- (added/developer) ChuckArray4::contains_object() returns whether
  array4 contains object references or integers
---
miniAudicle
- (updated) on Windows and Linux; miniAudicle now has a "Audio driver"
  drop-down selection in the Preferences dialog window; this selections
  allows for run-time selection of different drivers, e.g., "DirectSound",
  "WASAPI", or "ASIO" on Windows, as well as "Jack", "Pulse", or "ALSA" on
  Linux
- (fixed) miniAudicle linux compilation using Qt6
    |- FYI: needs qscintilla-qt6-devel and qscintilla-qt6)
  [Many thanks to Fernando Lopez-Lezcano and Nils Tonnätt]


1.5.0.0 (May 2023)
---
***************************************************************************
* chuck-1.5.0.0 (chai)
***************************************************************************
* significant addition: ChAI (Chuck + AI)
* significant update: WebChucK (ChucK in web browser) + WebChucK IDE
* also: new features, new bug fixes, and new bugs!
***************************************************************************
---
(NOTE) WebChucK (ChucK on browsers) [beta] was released during the 
development of this version.

WebChucK IDE (program chuck on the web):
https://chuck.stanford.edu/ide/

WebChucK landing page (including using WebChucK in your web projects)
https://chuck.stanford.edu/webchuck/
---
(NOTE) ChAI (ChucK + AI), first appeared in beta as part of chuck-1.4.2.0;
ChAI was used in the course Music 356 / CS 470 "Music and AI" [*] at
Stanford University, taught by Ge Wang and Yikai Li (TA); Many thanks to
the immensely creative students of "Music and AI". The v1.0 version of the
ChAI API and modules is hereby released, with new additions on the way.

ChAI landing page:
https://chuck.stanford.edu/chai/

"Music and AI" (Winter 2023 Stanford University) -- taught with ChAI
https://ccrma.stanford.edu/courses/356-winter-2023/
---
(HISTORICAL NOTE for ChAI)
Much of ChAI and its ways of thinking and doing can be foundationally
attributed to the work of Dr. Rebecca Fiebrink, her landmark Ph.D. Thesis,
/Real-time Human Interaction With Supervised Learning Algorithms for Music
Composition and Performance/ (2011) [1], the Wekinator framework [2], her
teaching at the intersections of AI, HCI, and Music [3], as well as earlier
collaborations between Rebecca and Ge [4,5] including SMIRK [6] (Small Musical
Information Retrieval toolKit; 2008; MARSYAS and the MIR work of Dr. George
Tzanetakis; early efforts in on-the-fly learning), the unit analyzer
framework [7] (2007; afford real-time audio feature extraction). All of
these have directly or indirectly contributed the creation of ChAI.
Additionally, ChAI benefitted from the teaching and design philosophy of
Dr. Perry R. Cook (Ph.D. advisor to Rebecca, George, and Ge at Princeton,
and ChucK co-author), who argued for real-time human interaction, parametric
sound synthesis, and the importance of play in the design of musical tools.

[1] Fiebrink, Rebecca. 2011. /Real-time Human Interaction With Supervised
Learning Algorithms for Music Composition and Performance/ Ph.D. Thesis.
Princeton University. https://www.cs.princeton.edu/techreports/2010/891.pdf
[2] http://www.wekinator.org/
Wekinator | Software for real-time, interactive machine learning
[3] Fiebrink, Rebecca. "Machine Learning for Musicians and Artists" MOOC
https://www.kadenze.com/courses/machine-learning-for-musicians-and-artists/info
[4] Fiebrink, R., G. Wang, P. R. Cook. 2008. "Foundations for On-the-fly
Learning in the ChucK Programming Language." /International Computer Music
Conference/. https://mcd.stanford.edu/publish/files/2008-icmc-learning.pdf
[5] Fiebrink, R., G. Wang, P. R. Cook. 2008. "Support for Music Information
Retrieval in the ChucK Programming Language." /International Conference
on Music Information Retrieval/ (ISMIR).
https://mcd.stanford.edu/publish/files/2008-ismir-proto.pdf
[6] http://smirk.cs.princeton.edu/
sMIRk | Small Music Information Retrieval toolKit
[7] Tzanetakis, G. and P. R. Cook. 2000 "MARSYAS: A Framework for Audio
Analysis." Organised Sound. 4:(3)
[8] Tzanetakis, G. and P. R. Cook. 2002 "Musical Genre Classification of
Audio Signals." IEEE Transaction on Speech and Audio Processing. 10(5).
[9] Wang, G., R. Fiebrink, P. R. Cook. 2007. "Combining Analysis and
Synthesis in the ChucK Programming Language." /International Computer
Music Conference/. https://mcd.stanford.edu/publish/files/2007-icmc-uana.pdf
---
- (added) Wekinator [ChAI] (thanks Rebecca Fiebrink and Yikai Li)
    |- A Wekinator utility that maps input vectors to output vectors,
       commonly used for interactive machine learning combining
       human-computer interaction and ML. Based on Rebecca Fiebrink's
       Wekinator framework.
    |- (inheritance) Wekinator -> Object
    -------------------
	void add();
	    Add current inputs and outputs to the observations.
	void add( float[] inputs, float[] outputs );
	    Add given inputs and outputs to the observations.
	void add( int output_index, float[] inputs, float[] outputs );
	    Add given inputs and outputs to the observations for the specified output.
	void clear();
	    Clear everything except the global properties.
	void clearAllObs();
	    Clear all observations.
	void clearAllObs( int output_index );
	    Clear all observations for the specified output.
	void clearObs( int lo, int hi );
	    Clear the observations by id range.
	void clearObs( int output_index, int lo, int hi );
	    Clear the observations by id range for the specified output.
	void deleteLastRound();
	    Delete the last round of observations.
	void exportObs( string filename );
	    Export the observations to a file.
	void exportObs( int output_index, string filename );
	    Export the observations for the specified output to a file.
	int getAllRecordStatus();
	    Get the record status for all outputs.
	int getAllRunStatus();
	    Get the run status for all outputs.
	void getObs( float[][] obs );
	    Get the observations in the Wekinator.
	void getObs( int output_index, float[][] obs );
	    Get the observations for the specified output in the Wekinator.
	void getOutputProperty( int output_index, string property_name, int[] property_value );
	    Get the output property of the Wekinator. See the Wekinator documentation for more information.
	float getOutputPropertyFloat( int output_index, int property_type, string property_name );
	    Get the output property of the Wekinator. See the Wekinator documentation for more information.
	int getOutputPropertyInt( int output_index, string property_name );
	    Get the output property of the Wekinator. See the Wekinator documentation for more information.
	int getOutputPropertyInt( int output_index, int property_type, string property_name );
	    Get the output property of the Wekinator. See the Wekinator documentation for more information.
	int getOutputRecordStatus( int output_index );
	    Get the record status for the specified output.
	int getOutputRunStatus( int output_index );
	    Get the run status for the specified output.
	float getPropertyFloat( int property_type, string property_name );
	    Get the property of the Wekinator. See the Wekinator documentation for more information.
	int getPropertyInt( int property_type, string property_name );
	    Get the property of the Wekinator. See the Wekinator documentation for more information.
	int getRound();
	    Get the current recording round.
	void importObs( string filename );
	    Import the observations from a file.
	void input( float[] inputs );
	    Set the inputs of the Wekinator.
	int inputDims( int n );
	    Set the number of input dimensions to Wekinator.
	int inputDims();
	    Get the number of input dimensions to Wekinator.
	void load( string filename );
	    Load the Wekinator from a file.
	int modelType( int model_type );
	    Set the model type of the Wekinator. Options: AI.Regression: AI.MLP, AI.LR,
	    AI.Classification: AI.KNN, AI.SVM, AI.DT
	int modelType();
	    Get the model type id of the Wekinator.
	string modelTypeName();
	    Get the model type name of the Wekinator.
	void nextRound();
	    Bump the recording round.
	int numObs();
	    Get the number of observations in the Wekinator.
	int numObs( int output_index );
	    Get the number of observations for the specified output in the Wekinator.
	void output( float[] outputs );
	    Set the outputs of the Wekinator.
	int outputDims( int n );
	    Set the number of output dimensions to Wekinator.
	int outputDims();
	    Get the number of output dimensions to Wekinator.
	void predict( float[] inputs, float[] outputs );
	    Predict outputs for the given inputs.
	void randomizeOutputs();
	    Randomize the outputs of the Wekinator.
	void save( string filename );
	    Save the Wekinator to a file.
	void setAllRecordStatus( int status );
	    Set the record status for all outputs.
	void setAllRunStatus( int status );
	    Set the run status for all outputs.
	void setOutputProperty( int output_index, string property_name, int property_value );
	    Set the output property of the Wekinator. See the Wekinator documentation for more information.
	void setOutputProperty( int output_index, int property_type, string property_name, int property_value );
	    Set the output property of the Wekinator. See the Wekinator documentation for more information.
	void setOutputProperty( int output_index, int property_type, string property_name, float property_value );
	    Set the output property of the Wekinator. See the Wekinator documentation for more information.
	void setOutputProperty( int output_index, string property_name, int[] property_value );
	    Set the output property of the Wekinator. See the Wekinator documentation for more information.
	void setOutputRecordStatus( int output_index, int status );
	    Set the record status for the specified output.
	void setOutputRunStatus( int output_index, int status );
	    Set the run status for the specified output.
	void setProperty( int property_type, string property_name, int property_value );
	    Set the property of the Wekinator. See the Wekinator documentation for more information.
	void setProperty( int property_type, string property_name, float property_value );
	    Set the property of the Wekinator. See the Wekinator documentation for more information.
	int taskType( int task_type );
	    Set the task type of the Wekinator. Options: AI.Regression, AI.Classification
	int taskType();
	    Get the task type id of the Wekinator.
	string taskTypeName();
	    Get the task type name of the Wekinator.
	void train();
	    Train models for all outputs.
- (added) new examples in ai/wekinator [ChAI]
    |- wekinator-basic.ck -- example of basic Wekinator usage
    |- wekinator-custom.ck -- more extensive customization for Wekinator
    |- wekinator-import.ck -- example of importing observations from file
- (added) MLP [ChAI] (thanks Yikai Li)
    |- a multilayer perceptron (MLP)--a basic artificial neural 
       network--that maps an input layer to an output layer across a 
       number of fully-connected hidden layers. This implemention can be 
       trained either 1) by using one of the comprehensive .train() 
       functions OR 2) by iteratively calling .forward() and .backprop() 
       for each input-output observation, and using .shuffle() for each 
       epoch. Commonly used for regression or classification.
    |- (inheritance) MLP -> Object
    -------------
    void backprop( float[] output, float learningRate );
        (Manually) backpropagate from the output layer, for a single input-output
        observation; compute the gradient of the loss function with respect to
        the weights in the network, one layer at a time.
    void forward( float[] input );
        (Manually) forward-propagate the input vector through the network.
    void getActivations( int layer, float[] activations );
        Get the activations of the given layer, after a manual .forward().
    void getBiases( int layer, float[] biases );
        Get the biases of the given layer.
    void getGradients( int layer, float[] gradients );
        Get the gradients of the given layer, after a manual .backprop().
    int getPropertyInt( int modelType, string key );
        Get int property of name 'key' for the given model type (options: AI.MLP, AI.KNN, AI.SVM).
    float getPropertyFloat( int modelType, string key );
        Get float property of name 'key' for the given model type (options: AI.MLP, AI.KNN, AI.SVM).
    void getWeights( int layer, float[][] weights );
        Get the weights of the given layer.
    void init( int[] unitsPerLayer );
        Initialize the MLP with the given number of neurons per layer, as
        specified in 'unitsPerLayer'.
    void init( int[] nodesPerLayer, int[] activationPerLayer );
        Initialize the MLP with the given number of nodes per layer and the given
        ctivation function per layer, as specified in 'activationPerLayer'
        (options: AI.Linear, AI.Sigmoid, AI.ReLU, AI.Tanh, or AI.Softmax).
    void init( int[] nodesPerLayer, int activationFunction );
        Initialize the MLP with the given number of nodes per layer and the given
        activation function for all layers (options: AI.Linear, AI.Sigmoid, 
        I.ReLU, AI.Tanh, or AI.Softmax).
    int load( string filename );
        Load a MLP model from file.
    int predict( float[] input, float[] output );
        Predict the output layer from an input layer.
    void setProperty( int modelType, string key, int value );
        Set int property of name 'key' for the given model type (options: AI.MLP, AI.KNN, AI.SVM).
    void setProperty( int modelType, string key, float value );
        Set float property of name 'key' for the given model type (options: AI.MLP, AI.KNN, AI.SVM).
    int save( string filename );
        Save the MLP model to file.
    void train( float[][] inputs, float[][] outputs );
        Train the MLP with the given input and output observations with default
        learning rate=.001 and epochs=100.
        (Also see MLP.train(inputs,outputs,learningRate,epochs).)
    void train( float[][] inputs, float[][] outputs, float learningRate, int epochs );
        Train the MLP with the given input and output observations, the learning
        rate, and number of epochs.
    static void shuffle( float[][] X, float[][] Y );
        (Manually) shuffle the given input and output vectors.
- (added) new examples in ai/mlp [ChAI]
    |- mlp.ck -- example training a basic artificial neural network
    |- mlp-manual.ck -- example of step-by-step training an MLP, printing each stage
    |- mlp-load.ck -- loading a saved MLP model from file
    |- mlp-save.ck -- saving the MLP model to file'
    |- model.txt -- an example model file
- (added) Word2Vec [ChAI] (thanks Yikai Li)
    |- A word embeddings utility that maps words to vectors; can load a 
       model and perform similiarity retrieval.
    |- (inheritance) Word2Vec -> Object
    ------------------
    int contains( string word );
        Query if 'word' is in the current model.
    int dim();
        Get number of dimensions for word embedding.
    void getSimilar( string word, int k, string[] output );
        Get the k most similar words to the given word.
    void getSimilar( float[] vec, int k, string[] output );
        Get the k most similar words to the given vector.
    void getVector( string word, float[] output );
        Get the vector of the given word.
    int load( string path );
        Load pre-trained word embedding model from the given path.
    int load( string path, int useKDTreeDim );
        Load pre-trained word embedding model from the given path; will use 
        KDTree for similarity searches if the data dimension is less than 
        or equal to 'useKDTreeDim'. Set 'useKDTreeDim' to 0 to use linear 
        (brute force) similarity search; set 'useKDTreeDim' to less than 0 
        to always use KDTree.
    void minMax( float[] mins, float[] maxs );
        Retrieve the minimums and maximums for each dimension.
    int size();
        Get number of words in dictionary.
    int useKDTree();
        Get whether a KDTree is used for similarity search.
- (added) new examples in ai/word2vec [ChAI]
    |- poem-i-feel.ck -- a stream of unconsciousness poem generator
    |- poem-randomwalk.ck -- another stream of unconsciousness generator
    |- poem-spew.ck -- yet another stream of unconsciousness generator
    |- poem-ungenerate.ck -- interactive prompt un/de-generator
       (need to use command line chuck)
    |- word2vec-basic.ck -- demos load(), getVector(), getSimilar()
    |- word2vec-prompt.ck -- command line interactive tool
       (need to use command line chuck)
- (added) Chroma unit analyzer (thanks Yikai Li)
    |- A unit analyzer that computes pitch chroma
    |- see examples/ai/features/chroma.ck
- (added) Kurtosis unit analyzer (thanks Yikai Li)
    |- A unit analyzer that computes kurtosis
    |- see examples/ai/features/kurtosis.ck
- (added) SFM unit analyzer (thanks Yikai Li)
    |- A unit analyzer that computes spetral flatness measure
    |- see examples/ai/features/sfm.ck
- (moved) examples/analysis/features => examples/ai/features
- (added) new examples in examples/ai/features
    |- features-combined -- real-time extraction of multiple features
    |- mfcc-basic.ck -- shows MFCC unit analyzer / feature extractor
    |- mfcc-mean.ck -- averaged MFCC feature extraction
    |- chroma.ck -- shows Chroma unit analyzer
    |- kurtosis.ck -- shows Kurtosis unit analyzer
    |- sfm.ck -- shows SFM (spectral flatness measure) unit analyzer
- (added) PCA [ChAI] (thanks Yikai Li)
    |- A principle component analysis (PCA) utility, commonly used
       for dimensionality reduction.
    |- (inheritance) PCA -> Object
    -------------------
    static void reduce( float[][] input, int D, float[][] output );
        Dimension-reduce 'input' (NxM) to 'output' (NxD) as the projection
        of the input data onto its first 'D' principle components
- (added) example: ai/pca/pca.ck
- (reworked) KNN [ChAI] (thanks Yikai Li)
    |- A basic k-NN utility that searches for k nearest
       neighbors from a set of observations / feature
       vectors. (Also see KNN2. The differrence between KNN
       and KNN2 is that KNN does not deal with labels whereas
       KNN2 is designed to work with labels.)
    |- (inheritance) KNN -> Object
    -------------------
    void search( float[] query, int k, int[] indices );
        Search for the 'k' nearest neighbors of 'query' and
        return their corresponding indices.
    void search( float[] query, int k, int[] indices,
                 float[][] observations );
        Search for the 'k' nearest neighbors of 'query' and
        return their corresponding indices and observations
    int train( float[][] x );
        Train the KNN model with the given observations 'x'
    void weigh( float[] weights );
        Set the weights for each dimension in the data.
- (added) KNN2 [ChAI] (thanks Yikai Li)
    |- A k-NN utility that predicts probabilities of class
       membership based on distances from a test input to its
       k nearest neighbors. (Also see KNN. The differrence
       between KNN and KNN2 is that KNN does not deal with
       labels whereas KNN2 is designed to work with labels.)
    |- (inheritance) KNN2 -> Object
    -------------------
    int predict( float[] query, int k, float[] prob );
        Predict the output probabilities 'prob' given unlabeled test
        input 'query' based on distances to 'k' nearest neighbors.
    void search( float[] query, int k, int[] labels );
        Search for the 'k' nearest neighbors of 'query' and return
        their labels.
    void search( float[] query, int k, int[] labels, int[] indices );
        Search for the 'k' nearest neighbors of 'query' and return
        their labels and indices.
    void search( float[] query, int k, int[] labels, int[] indices,
                 float[][] observations);
        Search for the 'k' nearest neighbors of 'query' and return
        their labels, indices, and observations.
    int train( float[][] x, int[] labels );
        Train the KNN model with the given samples 'x' and
        corresponding labels.
    void weigh( float[] weights );
        Set the weights for each dimension in the data.
- (renamed) unit analyzer pilF is now UnFlip; pilF deprecated
- (added) example: ai/knn/knn-search.ck
- (added) example: ai/knn/knn2-classify.ck
- (added) example: ai/knn/knn2-search.ck
    --------------
- (updated) real-time audio backend has been updated
            *** thank you Dana Batali ***
- (added) all platform: driver support
- (added) Windows: ASIO, WASAPI, DirectSound
- (added) linux: now can build multiple drivers into single executable
          > make linux-pulse linux-alsa linux-jack
- (fixed) macOS bluetooth/Apple AirPods audio input device error;
    |- CONTEXT: Apple AirPods (and a number of other Bluetooth headphones) 
    show up in macOS as its own audio input device and supports only one 
    sample rate (24K in the case of AirPods). ChucK, like most full-duplex 
    audio software, requires matching sample rates for audio input and 
    output. By default, it would try to initialize with a sample rate of 
    44.1K or 48K and would fail initialization due to the rate mismatch 
    with the AirPods.
    |- FIX: ChucK now has additional logic when initializing default audio 
    devices, and will automatically try to match with a different input 
    devices when needed.
- (fixed) VM timing issue when real-time audio initialization switches to 
    a different sample rate when the requested/default sample rate is not
    available
- (added) new default duration 'eon' == day * 365.256363004 * 1000000000.0 (thanks nshaheed)
    example: eon => now; // a long long time from now
- (added) new static method for all Objects
      Type Object.typeOf()
          Get the type of this object (or class).
- (added) new Type type
    |- A representation of a ChucK type.
    |- (inheritance) Type -> Object
    --------------
    int arrayDepth();
        Return the number of array dimensions associated with this Type (e.g., 'int[][]' has 2; 'int' has 0).
    Type[] children();
        Retrieve this Type's children Types.
    int equals( Type another );
        Return whether this Type is same as 'another'.
    int isArray();
        Return whether this Type is some kind of an array.
    int isPrimitive();
        Return whether this is a primitive Type (e.g., 'int' and 'dur' are primitives types; 'Object' and its children Types are not).
    int isa( Type another );
        Return whether this Type is a kind of 'another'.
    int isa( string another );
        Return whether this Type is a kind of 'another'.
    string name();
        Return the name of this Type.
    string baseName();
        Return the base name of this Type. The base of name of an array Type is the type without the array dimensions (e.g., base name of 'int[][]' is 'int')
    string origin();
        Return a string decribing where this Type was defined (e.g., "builtin", "chugin", "cklib", "user").
    Type parent();
        Return this Type's parent Type; returns null if this Type is 'Object'.
    static Type find( string typeName );
        Find and return the Type associated with 'typeName'; returns null if no Types currently in the VM with that name.
    static Type[] getTypes( int attributes, int origins );
        Retrieve all top-level Types in the ChucK runtime type system that fit the attributes and origins flags. Flags that can bitwise-OR'ed for attributes: Type.ATTRIB_OBJECT, Type.ATTRIB_PRIMITIVE,  TYPE_SPECIAL -- and for origins: Type.ORIGIN_BUILTIN, Type.ORIGIN_CHUGIN, Type.ORIGIN_CKLIB, Type.ORIGIN_USER.
    static Type[] getTypes();
        Retrieves all top-level Types currently in the type system.
    static Type of( Object obj );
        Return the Type of 'obj'
    static Type of( int val );
        Return the Type associated with 'int'.
    static Type of( float val );
        Return the Type associated with 'float'.
    static Type of( time val );
        Return the Type associated with 'time'.
    static Type of( dur val );
        Return the Type associated with 'dur'.
    static Type of( complex val );
        Return the Type associated with 'complex'.
    static Type of( polar val );
        Return the Type associated with 'polar'.
    static Type of( vec3 val );
        Return the Type associated with 'vec3'.
    static Type of( vec4 val );
        Return the Type associated with 'vec4'.
    --------------
    static int ATTRIB_OBJECT;
        Attribute bit for non-primitive Object types.
    static int ATTRIB_PRIMITIVE;
        Attribute bit for primitive types.
    static int ATTRIB_SPECIAL;
        Attribute bit for special types (e.g., @array and @function).
    static int ORIGIN_BUILTIN;
        Origin bit for "builtin".
    static int ORIGIN_CHUGIN;
        Origin bit for "chugin".
    static int ORIGIN_CKLIB;
        Origin bit for "cklib".
    static int ORIGIN_USER;
        Origin bit for "user".
- (added) new examples in examples/type
    |- polymorph.ck -- an example of polymorphism in ChucK
    |- type_query.ck -- querying for a list of types from the ChucK runtime type system
    |- type_type.ck -- example showing some functionalities of the Type type
    ---------------
- (added) new CKDoc class
    |- A ChucK documentation generator. Based on Spencer Salazar's ckdoc utility.
    |- (inheritance) CKDoc -> Object
    ---------------
    void addGroup( Type[] types, string name, string shortName, string description );
        Add a group of types to be documented, including group 'name', a 'shortName' to be used for any files, and a group 'description'.
    void addGroup( string[] typeNames, string name, string shortName, string description );
        Add a group of types (by type name) to be documented, including group 'name', a 'shortName' to be used for any files, and a group 'description'.
    void clear();
        Clear all added groups.
    string examplesRoot( string path );
        Set the examples directory root path; returns what was set.
    string examplesRoot();
        Get the current examples directory root path.
    string genCSS();
        Generate CSS; return as string.
    void genGroups( string[] results );
        Generate documentation for all added groups, return each in a separate entry
    string genIndex( string indexTitle );
        Generate top-level index; return as string.
    string genType( Type type );
        Generate documentation for a single Type.
    string genType( string typeName );
        Generate documentation for a single Type (by name).
    int numGroups();
        Get the number of groups added.
    int outputFormat( int which );
        Set which output format to use; see CKDoc.HTML, CKDoc.TEXT, CKDoc.MARKDOWN, CKDoc.JSON.
    int outputFormat();
        Set which output format is selected; see CKDoc.HTML, CKDoc.TEXT, CKDoc.MARKDOWN, CKDoc.JSON.
    int outputToDir( string path, string indexTitle );
        Generate everything as files into the output directory.
    static int HTML;
        Output HTML format.
    static int JSON;
        Output JSON format (not implemented).
    static int MARKDOWN;
        Output MARKDOWN format (not implemented).
    static int NONE;
        No output format.
    static int TEXT;
        Output TEXT format (not implemented).
    ---------------
- (added/updated) now ChucK API reference documentation is generated from
    the type system using CKDoc, ensuring alignment between documention
    and type system.
- (added) array.zero()
    |- zero out the contents of the array; size is unchanged.
- (added) negative indexing for arrays (thanks nshaheed)
    |- [1,2,3,4] @=> int a[]; a[-1]; // evaluates to 4
- (added) array.shuffle()
    |- shuffle the contents of the array.
- (added) example: array/array_negative.ck
- (added) example: array/array_shuffle.ck
- (added) example: array/array_zero.ck
- (updated) LiSa (all channel variants) internal restructure to allow
    for more flexible usage patterns | also # voices defaults to 16
- (added) example: special/LiSa-stereo.ck
- (added) Math functions
    float map( float value, float x1, float y1,
                            float x2, float y2 );
        Map 'value' from range [x1,y1] into range [x2,y2]; 'value'
        can be outside range[x1,y1].
    float map2( float value, float x1, float y1,
                             float x2, float y2 );
        Map 'value' from range [x1,y1] into range [x2,y2]; 'value'
        will be clamped to [x1,y1] if outside range.
        (Math.remap() is the same as Math.map2())
    float clampi( int value, int min, int max );
        Clamp integer 'value' to range [min, max].
    float clampf( float value, float min, float max );
        Clamp float 'value' to range [min, max].
    float cossim( float[] a[], float[] b[] );
        Compute the cosine similarity between arrays a and b.
    float cossim( vec3 a, vec3 b );
        Compute the cosine similarity between 3D vectors a and b.
    float cossim( vec4 a, vec4 b );
        Compute the cosine similarity between 4D vectors a and b.
    float euclidean( float[] a[], float[] b[] );
        Compute the euclidean distance between arrays a and b.
    float euclidean( vec3 a, vec3 b );
        Compute the euclidean distance between 3D vectors a and b.
    float euclidean( vec4 a, vec4 b );
        Compute the euclidean distance between 4D vectors a and b.
- (added) examples/math
    |- map.ck -- shows mapping using Math.map() and Math.map2()
    |- math-help.ck -- just prints Math API using Math.help();
- (added) Machine functions
    int eval( string code );
        Evaluate a string as ChucK code, compiling it and spork it as a child 
        shred of the current shred.
    int eval( string code, string args );
        Evaluate a string as ChucK code, with optional arguments (bundled in 
        'args' as "ARG1:ARG2:...", compiling it and spork it as a child shred of 
        the current shred.
    int eval( string code, string args, int count );
        Evaluate a string as ChucK code, with optional arguments (bundled in 
        'args' as "ARG1:ARG2:...", compiling it and sporking 'count' instances as 
        a child shreds of the current shred.
    int loglevel( int level );
        Set log level
          |- 0: NONE
          |- 1: CORE
          |- 2: SYSTEM
          |- 3: SEVERE
          |- 4: WARNING
          |- 5: INFO
          |- 6: CONFIG
          |- 7: FINE
          |- 8: FINER
          |- 9: FINEST
          |- 10: ALL
    static int loglevel();
        Get log level
- (added) examples in machine
    |- eval.ck -- demonstrate Machine.eval(), noting its behavior wrt 
       to schreduler
- (modified) MFCC -- added (back) a missing and crucial log10() to
    to the MFCC computation and updated implementation; output
    range magnitudes now in the hundreds
- (enhanced) overloaded functions with non-matching return types now
    provide additional information in the compiler error message
- (fixed) overloaded functions with identical arguments now will
    correctly result in a compiler error
- (fixed) attempting to assign to reserved/const values (e.g., 'day')
    now will correctly result in a compiler error
- (fixed, hopefully) no more LPF and HPF filter explosion for small 
    values of .freq (<.2), large values of .freq (>Nyquist frequency), 
    or Q < 1 with high frequency below Nyquist; now LPF.freq and HPF .Q 
    are internally clamped to values between [1,SRATE/2];
- (fixed) SndBuf crash in cases where file size is integer multiple
    of .chunks and .chunks > 0 and reaching the end of the file
- (fixed) SndBuf.valueAt(n) for n == file size in samples now returns 0;
    previously this special case returned .valueAt(n-1) 
- (fixed) SndBuf assertation failure if SndBuf.chunks was set AFTER
    loading a file; now .chunks will ONLY take effect for the next
    SndBuf.read
- (renamed) int LiSa.loop0(int) and int LiSa.loop0(); previously these
    were incorrectly overloaded as "loop()" and was unavailable
- (fixed) FileIO.seek() previously fails if EOF is reached in reading
    a file; FileIO.seek() now functions after EOF is reached.
- (fixed) FileIO.more() now looks ahead for EOF
- (updated) all cherr prints now flushes immediately
- (updated) IO.newline() or a solitary "\n" now automatically flushes
    chout
- (added) examples in examples/io
     |- read-byte.ck -- reading raw bytes from file in binary mode
     |- read-float.ck -- reading floats from file (in ASCII mode)
     |- seek.ck -- shows FileIO.seek usage for rewind a file read
     |- write-byte.ck -- writing raw bytes to file in binary mode
- (added) examples in examples/events
     |- event-x-bpm-1.ck -- example using custom Events to synchronize
        multiple shreds to a common clock
     |- event-x-bpm-2.ck -- same as event-x-bpm-2.ck but using arrays
- (added) absyn tree printing for instruction dumping abysn2str()
- (added) Machine.refcount() and refcount printing for object references
- (fixed) Stk WvIn, WvOut, and VoicForm handling of chuck strings, 
    addressing related instability and averting potential crashes
- (fixed) Stk WvOut for MAT (MATLAB) format; previously closing a
    MAT file in WvOut results in an assertation failure; this has been
    addressed.
- (fixed) WvOut and WaveLoop playback for non-16bit data formats;
    previously was normalizing to 16-bit signed int, regardless of
    data format
- (updated and fixed) memory system upgrade (part 1); scope-sensitive
    cleanup for each return statement; clarified reference counting
    semantics; function argument release for builtin functions; improved
    post-function call object cleanup; auto-reference-increment on
    returned objects from all builtin/imported functions;
- (updated) built-in abstract classes FM, StkInstrmnt, BLT, and
    FilterBasic, when used directly, issues a WARNING level log
    message in their respective synthesis tick functions (set log
    level in chuck or miniAudicle to WARNING or higher to enable
    printing), and allows program to procede silently. (Example that
    previously crashed: 'FM fm => dac; 1::second => now;')
- (developer) Chugin API clients in C++ now able to create
    strings and access member variables (thanks Nick Shaheed!)
- (developer) Chugin API query now able to add examples using
    QUERY->add_ex(...)


01.4.2.0 (January 2023)
---
(NOTE) chuck-1.4.2.0 marks a beginning (in BETA) of chAI => ChucK for AI 
-- a set of functionalities for interactive machine learning and artful, 
humanistic design of music and artificial intelligence; it coincides with 
the new "Music and AI" course at Stanford University, designed and taught 
by Ge Wang with Ph.D. candidate Yikai Li.

---
  - (added) MFCC unit analyzer (thanks Yikai Li)
        |- A unit analyzer that computes Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients
           (MFCCs), and outputs a vector of coefficients.
        |- (inheritance) MFCC -> UAna -> UGen -> Object
  - (added) examples: analysis/features/mfcc.ck
  - (added) all associative arrays now have a new method [thanks nshaheed]
        void getKeys( string[] keys );
        Return all keys found in associative array in keys
  - (added) Machine.realtime(): "return true if the shred is in realtime 
        mode, false if it's in silent mode (i.e. --silent is enabled)"
        -- thanks nshaheed --
  - (added) Machine.silent(): "return false if the shred is in realtime 
        mode, true if it's in silent mode (i.e. --silent is enabled)"
        -- thanks nshaheed --
  - (fixed) .help() now more accurately prints ("unit analyzer")
    for UAna types
  - (fixed) multi-variable array declaration; the following should
    now work:
        int x[1], y[2];
        int x, y[3];
  - (fixed) resolved an issue with multi-dimensional arrays pre-maturely
    releasing internal type data structure -- e.g., causing an assertion 
    failure in the second function call
        fun void test()
        {
            [ [1,2,3], [1,2,3] ] @=> int arr[][];
        }
        test();
        test();
  - (fixed) internal array storage now (more) correctly differentiate
    between int and float, on systems where the two are the same size
    (e.g., both 32-bit or both 64-bit)
  - (fixed) command line chuck: when opening default input audio device
        (e.g., Microphone), check for mono devices (the case on some MacOS
        systems) now happens earlier, before searching other 2-channel input
        audio devices; this preempts chuck using virtual audio input devices
        such as ZoomAudioDevice as the input device
  - (dev) added test examples in 01-Basic related to multi-var array
    declarations
  - (dev) extraneous white spaces removed throughout src/core
    ** thank you nshaheed for this soul-restoring measure **
  - (dev) all tabs replaced with 4 spaces, now consistent across project
    ** thank you nshaheed for this soul-restoring measure **
  - (dev) nshaheed: linux makefiles now correctly inserts Debug (-g)
    build flag when Debug build is enabled (default builds for Release)
-----------------------
(BETA) chAI-related additions: please note this is in Beta, meaning that 
APIs may change in the near future; many additions are in the works
-----------------------
  - (added) SVM object (thanks Yikai Li)
        |- a support vector machine (SVM) utility trains a model and 
           predicts output based on new input
        |- (inheritance) SVM -> Object
        |- methods:
           int predict( float[] x, float[] y );
               Predict the output 'y' given the input 'x'.
           int train( float[][] x, float[][] y );
               Train the SVM model with the given samples 'x' and 'y'.
  - (added) KNN object (thanks Yikai Li)
        |- A k-nearest neighbor (KNN) utility that predicts the output of 
           a given input based on the training data
        |- (inheritance) KNN -> Object
        |- methods:
           int predict( int k, float[] x, float[] prob );
               Predict the output probabilities (in 'prob') given new input
               'x' based on 'k' nearing neighbors.
           int train( float[][] x, int[] y );
               Train the KNN model with the given samples 'x' and 
           corresponding labels 'y'.
  - (added) HMM object (thanks Yikai Li)
        |- A hidden markov model (HMM) utility that generates a sequence 
           of observations based on the training data
        |- (inheritance) SVM -> Object
        |- methods:
           int load( float[] initiailDistribution,
                     float[][] transitionMatrix, 
                     float[][] emissionMatrix );
               Initialize the HMM model with the given initial state 
               distribution, transition matrix, and emission matrix.
           int train( int numStates, int numEmissions,
               int[] observations );
           Train the HMM model with the given observations.
           int generate( int length, int[] output );
               Generate a sequence of observations of the given length.
  - (added) basic usage examples in examples/ai/ folder
        |- also can use the built-in help() function
           KNN.help(); // this will print KNN type info and API
           SVM.help(); // this will print SVM type info and API
           HMM.help(); // this will print HMM type info and API
-----------------------
(BETA) end chAI additions
-----------------------
    

1.4.1.1 (May 2022)
---
  - (added) native support for Apple Silicon (e.g., M1) as intel/apple 
    universal binary; *significant* performance throughput observed
    running chuck natively on Apple Silicon
  - (modified) building from source, on MacOS command line:
        > make mac (compile for current architecture: arm64/x86_64)
        > make mac-ub (compile universal binary: arm64+x86_64)
        > lipo -archs ./chuck (checks architectures)
        > ./chuck --about (prints out compiled platform...
          ...and if compiled as universal binary):
          ---
          chuck version: 1.4.1.1 (numchucks)
          macOS : 64-bit [universal binary]
          ---
        > make osx (deprecated; use 'make mac' or 'make mac-ub')
  - (updated, pre-built executables, MacOS) both command line chuck and
    miniAudicle are now built as universal binaries to support both
    intel(x86_64) and Apple silicion/M1(arm64) architectures
  - (updated, pre-built executables, MacOS) all packaged chugins are
    now also built as universal binaries
  - (added) Math.equal( float x, float y )
    returns whether two floats are considered equivalent
  - (added) array.popOut( int index )
    removes an array element by index [thanks chamington and nshaheed]
  - (added) OscOut.send() error reporting now includes the intended
    recipient (hostname:port)
  - (added) examples/hid/gametra.ck
    boilerplate gametrak code
  - (moved) examples/osc/1-send-recv/
    moved s.ck and r.ck (sender and receiver) examples here
  - (added) examples/osc/2-multi-msg/
    examples for interleaving two OSC message types at different rates
  - (added) examples/osc/3-one2many/
    examples showing one sender to many receivers
  - (added) examples/osc/4-multicast/
    examples showing one sender using multicast to broadcast
  - (added) examples/stk/hevymetl-dance-now.ck
    example of power chords in sequence
  - (fixed) fixed Lisa-load.ck to correct load sound file [thanks nshaheed]
  - (fixed) CK_STDCERR now flushes on all output
  - (fixed) error message display for MidiFileIn (STK)
  - (fixed) array literal assignment now works as expected when
    common ancestor type is child type of the RHS type; [thanks nshaheed]
    --- for example ---
    [ new SinOsc ] @=> Osc arr[]; // previously this results in a
                                  // incompatible type error, although
                                  // Osc is a superclass SinOsc
    -------------------
  - (continuous integration) --  updated to use 'make mac'
  - (test) -- modified 01-Basic/86.ck; disabled 87.ck due to 
    Math.isnan() behaving differently on Apple Silicon;
    modified 03-Modules/std01.ck to handled floating point equivalence
    differently; also prompted adding Math.equal(); modified
    05-Global/86.ck to disable Math.isnan()
  - (updated, internal) integer types update for smoother Windows 64 bit
  - (noted) synchronization point for Chunity version x.x.x
  - (added) added to VERSIONS (this file) release dates since initial
    release in 2004


1.4.1.0 (June 2021)
---
(NOTE) chuck-1.4.1.0 is the first significant release resulting from a 
coordinated team effort to update and improve ChucK for teaching and 
research.  In April 2021, Perry and Ge led a ChucK "Global 
Repair-a-thon", which identified issues and put forth a new Development 
Roadmap. The ChucK dev team will follow this roadmap for updates, new 
features, and new ChucK mediums (e.g., Chunity, WebChucK, FaucK, 
ChucKTrip, and more). Many people were involved in this significant 
release, including Jack Atherton, Mike Mulshine, Matt Wright, Rebecca 
Fiebrink, Dan Trueman, Lloyd May, Mark Cerqueira, Mario Buoninfante, 
Perry Cook, Spencer Salazar, and Ge Wang.  Many thanks to everyone who 
contributed. Happy ChucKing!
---
  - (added) static Object.help();
    All ChucK objects (i.e., all non-primitive types) can now invoke 
    .help(), which will dynamically generate and print to console
    the description and inheritance hierarchy of the underlying type,
    as well as the available functions at runtime.  This can be called
    on any object instance or on any class (without an instance):
        // any object instance
        SinOsc foo;
        // print to console info about its underlying type
        foo.help();
        (OR)
        // call help() from any class (identical output as above)
        SinOsc.help();
    Intended to be a quick runtime reference / learning tool!
  - (added) examples/help.ck -- show .help() in action
  - (added) examples/deep/chant.ck (by Perry Cook, 2006) -- a chant singing
    synthesizer that makes use of ChucK's strongly-time and concurrent
    programming features.
  - (added) new Multi-channel LiSa UGens! (LiSa10 was already present)
        LiSa2 (stereo)
        LiSa4 (quad),
        LiSa6 (6-channel; laptop orchestra edition!)
        LiSa8 (8-channel),
        LiSa16 (16-channel)
  - (fixed) LiSa playback bug; voice panning now handles the mono case;
    previously was silencing voice playback
  - (added) new STK set/get access functions in FM:
        float op4Feedback( float value );
            Set operator 4 feedback.
        float op4Feedback();
            Get operator 4 feedback.
        float opADSR( int opNum, float a, float d, float s, float r );
            Set operator ADSR: attack, decay, sustain, release.
        float opAM( int opNum, float value );
            Set operator amplitude modulation.
        float opAM( int opNum );
            Get operator amplitude modulation.
        float opGain( int opNum, float value );
            Set operator gain.
        float opGain( int opNum );
            Get gperator gain.
        float opRatio( int opNum, float ratio );
            Set operator frequency ratio.
        float opRatio( int opNum );
            Get operator frequency ratio.
        float opWave( int opNum, int wave );
            Set operator waveform [1-8].
  - (added) new Synthesis Toolkit (STK) FM instruments from Perry!
        HnkyTonk: STK-style Honkey Tonk Piano FM synthesis instrument.
            (aka, Algorithm 1 of the Yamaha TX81Z DX11 FM synthesizer)
        FrencHrn: STK-style French Horn FM synthesis instrument.
            (aka, Algorithm 2 of the Yamaha TX81Z DX11 FM synthesizer)
        KrstlChr: STK-style "Crystal Choir" FM synthesis instrument.
            (aka, Algorithm 7 of the Yamaha TX81Z DX11 FM synthesizer)
    *** for each of these, try using the new .help() to examine its
    documentation and interface; e.g., HnkyTonk.help(); ***
  - (added) new Moog function:
        float filterStartFreq( float freq );
            Set filter starting frequency.
        float filterStartFreq();
            Get filter starting frequency.
  - (added) new STK examples:
        examples/stk/frenchrn-algo2.ck -- FM French Horn demo
        examples/stk/honkeytonk-algo1.ck -- fun with FM Honkey Tonk
        examples/stk/krstlchr-algo7.ck -- heavenly FM Kristal Choir
        examples/stk/hevymetl-acoustic-algo3.ck -- FM HevyMetl => Nylon Guitar
        examples/stk/hevymetl-trumpet-algo3.ck -- FM HevyMetl => Trumpet
        examples/stk/rhodey-song.ck -- a lovely little number
  - (updated) tweaks to a number of STK UGens, which may result in audio
    changes; the affected UGens are:
        BandedWG, BeeThree, FMVoices, HevyMetl, PercFlut, Rhodey,
        TubeBell, Wurley
  - (fixed) issue in PluckTwo in computing delay length; this affects
    the tuning of various plucked string models, including Mandolin.
  - (added) .frames() for SndBuf and SndBuf2; returns the number of sample
    frames in the loaded sound file. This is identical in behavior to
    .samples() -- but for stereo+, .frames() is semanitically more 
    accurate than .samples().
  - (added) "global" declarations for int, float, string, Object, UGen, Event;
    this can be used in-language across ChucK files (each file must first 
    "declare" the global value before using it). This also support usage from
    external hosts such as Chunity. (thanks to Jack Atherton for this work!)
  - (added) constant power panning (as controlled by the .pan parameter)
    for all UGen_Stereo--including Pan2, stereo dac, stereo adc; this is
    controllable using the new .panType parameter.  By default, constant
    power panning is NOT enabled for dac and adc, whose panning behavior 
    is unchanged (panType==0) and favors a kind of unity-gain-preserving
    but perceptually suspect panning scheme. By contrast, Pan2 will default
    to use constant power panning (panType==1).  This change will alter the
    effect of any existing code that uses Pan2.  Specifically, it will
    introduce a ~3 dB reduction in the output Pan2 (it is possible to
    restore the previous behavior by explicitly setting .panType to 0). 
    This ~3 dB reduction corresponds to the equal-powered amplitude value
    when pan is at center (pan=0). Mathematically, the reduction amount 
    can be calculated using Std.lintodb(Math.cos(pi/4))
    [To hear this new behavior, check out examples/stereo/stereo_noise.ck]
  - (BEHAVIOR CHANGED) clearly separated array.size() and array.capacity();
    for historical/compatibility reasons, array.cap() is the same as
    array.size() and generally should be avoided in favor of either .size()
    or .capacity()
  - (BEHAVIOR CHANGED): internally, all ChucK static functions are now
    passed an extra parameter (Chuck_Type * TYPE) as a pointer to the
    base type/class. This will affect Chugins, which should be updated/
    rebuilt with the latest headers.
  - (BEHAVIOR CHANGED): when connecting two multi-channel UGen's (both
    are at least stereo), say LHS => RHS, if LHS channels < RHS channels,
    the channels will be connected one-by-one up to the LHS channel count;
    previously, the LHS channels will be automatically repeated to connect
    to the RHS channels that have no corresponding LHS channels.  This
    behavior can still be achieved by manually connecting the individual
    channels of LHS and and RHS through LHS.chan(n) and RHS.chan(n).
  - (fixed) resolved a bug with SndBuf not playing when .rate < 0 and while
    .pos beyond the end
  - (fixed) resolved a bug with SndBuf where it could output DC when .rate < 0
    after it reaches the beginning of the file (e.g., if the first sample is
    non-zero)
  - (fixed) resolved a bug in ADSR when sustain is set to 0 and audio stops,
    .releaseTime return NaN and basically the world ends (thanks to
    mariobuoninfante for help in addressing this)
  - (fixed) reset Gen10 table to allow add/remove partials; thanks to 
    mariobuoninfant
  - (fixed) updated MidiOut and removed check in order to allow messages
    of size less than or greater than 3 bytes; thanks to mariobuoninfante
    for this issue report on Ubuntu Studio 64-bit; this fix addresses
    the sending of MIDI clock, stop, continue, and SysEx -- also thank 
    you mariobuoninfante for the fix.
  - (fixed) ChucK shell can now be exited either by the "exit" command
    or through ctrl-c.  Previously. ctrl-c sometimes failed to end the
    the program due to logic in the global cleanup function; this has
    been addressed.
  - (fixed) addressed an issue where Chugins were being loaded twice.
  - (fixed) the --chugin-load:off option is now correclty taken into
    account and will appropriately result in no Chugins being loaded.
  - (deprecated) Chubgraph => (new) Chugraph;
    Chubgraph will continue to function, with a deprecation warning.
  - (documentation) updated embedded documentation text for all statically
    linked UGens and libraries.
  - (documentation) brought examples in alignment between distribution
    and the online examples collection; many examples updated for clarity
    and utility
        http://chuck.stanford.edu/doc/examples
        http://chuck.cs.princeton.edu/doc/examples
  - (internal/refactor) the "Mega Merge 2021" integrates a long-standing
    branch since REFACTOR-2017 that includes support for globals and was
    the basis for Chunity.  Future Chunity releases will align with mainline
    ChucK language features. (thanks to Jack Atherton for several years of
    laying the groundwork and for ChucK in Chunity!)
  - (internal/developement) added m_started flag to the ChucK class to avoid
    a strange (but mostly harmless) condition when the virtual machine is
    shutting down and ChucK::run() attempt to call ChucK::start()
  - (internal/development) Thanks to Mark Cerqueira -- migrated from old
    Travis CI (continuous integration testing) to GHA (GitHub Actions).


1.4.0.1 (May 2020)
---
  - (fixed) when opening audio input devices where the default
    device has insufficient chanels (e.g., MacOS input is mono
    by default), logic has been added to also match sample rates
    when searching for alternate audio input devices;  additional
    logic added in the specific case of mono input devices to
    simulate stereo, to fulfill the standard request for stereo
    input.
  - (fixed) added check to prevent crash in rare situations involving
    self-join when deleting XThread in background. (git PR #103)
  - (fixed) by stuntgoat@github -- right-recursion in chuck parser
    can exhaust memory in larger chuck files; this has been updated
    to use left recursion.  (git PR #32, (finally) merged by hand by 
    Spencer and Ge)  Also thanks to Tom Lieber for the initial analysis
    and solution:
    https://lists.cs.princeton.edu/pipermail/chuck-users/2009-April/004029.html
  - (added) by Nathan Tindall -- Q and freq bounding for filters (LPF,
    HPF, BPF, BRF) to avoid LOUD FILTER EXPLOSIONS; now negative values
    will throw an exception on the offending shred.
  - (restored, macOS) MAUI Chugin now (re)supported, post 1.4.0.0
  - (added; developer) ChucK.h API to set a main thread hook (e.g., for 
    graphical functionalitie from Chugins)
  - (updated, developer) Chugin API now support main thread callback
    for graphical-/GUI purposes
  - (developer) refactored code to move I/O-related code out of
    chuck_lang and into chuck_io.


1.4.0.0 (February 2018)
---
  ********************************************************
  * NOTE: 1.4.0.0 is a simultaneous release with 1.3.6.0;*
  * the two are identical except 1.3.6.0 also supports   *
  * earlier version of OS X before 10.9 (back to 10.5).  *
  ********************************************************
  * MAJOR SOURCE REFACTOR!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*
  * (Thanks Jack Atherton for months of groundwork!)     *
  ********************************************************
  - (added) support for 64-bit on windows
  - (added) Chuck_External API for including and running ChucK from 
    elsewhere in C++
            - specify the sample rate
            - optionally specify the directory that me.dir() should 
              evaluate to; this dir will also be scanned for chugins
            - optionally use custom callbacks for out and err messages
              from ChucK
  - (added) external keyword - for communicating variable values to and from
            C++ code using Chuck_External API
  - (developer) ChucK "core" as library, independent of external
    system audio I/O; now much easier to embed ChucK as a
    component in other hosts (e.g., command line, plugins, Unity, etc.)
  - (developer) ChucK "host" (command line app)
  - (developer) SOURCE: code support for multiple ChucK/VM instances
  - (developer) SOURCE: one file to include them all (chuck.h)
  - (developer) c_str() method for Chuck_Strings, so that chugins with a different
            definition of std::string can still construct their own string
  - (developer) API for chugin API calls
              - now API variable must be passed
              - SHRED variable must also occasionally be passed
  - (internal) refactored Chuck_String representation to be immutable
  - (internal) refactored to eliminate global VM, compiler, and env variables
              - compiler stores a reference to env
              - compiler stores a reference to vm
              - vm stores a reference to env
              - env stores its own top-level types; no more global type variables
              - DL_Query stores a reference to compiler
  - (internal) refactored all print statements to use new macros


1.3.6.0 (February 2018)
---
  - (see 1.4.0.0)


1.3.5.3 (unreleased; rolled into 1.4.0.0)
---
  - (added) support for primitive type 'vec3' for 3D vector
            - access .x .y .z OR .r .g .b OR .value .goal .slew
  - (added) support for primitive type 'vec4' for 4D vector
            - access .x .y .z .w OR .r .g .b .a
  - (added) VM exceptions (e.g., ArrayOutOfBounds) now print line number
            where possible (thanks Jack Atherton!)
  - (added) Math.gauss( x, mu, sigma )
  - (added) .clear() for Delay, DelayA, DelayL
  - (fixed) - == and != for polar and complex types
  - (fixed) repeat statement now worked correctly for shreds
  - (fixed) crash with --adaptive:N and ugens that used tickf e.g. WvOut2
  - (fixed) SndBuf occasional crash at end of file
  - (fixed) (windows) install issue where chugins and/or example files were missing
  - (removed) --blocking functionality; callback only for real-time audio
  - (internal) refactored VM to be more friendly for integration


1.3.5.2 (October 2015)
---
  - (added) default root path changed from /usr to /usr/local
            (fixes issues in Mac OS X 10.11 "El Capitan")
  - (added) new ChuGins
            - FoldbackSaturator
              by Ness Morris
              Foldback Saturator for nasty distortion.
            - WPDiodeLadder
              by Owen Vallis
              Diode ladder filter based on Will Pirkle's technical notes.
            - WPKorg35
              by Owen Vallis
              Korg 35 low-pass filter based on Will Pirkle's technical notes.
  - (fixed)(Win) missing DLL issue
  - (fixed) me.dir() issues with Machine.add()-ed shreds
  - (fixed) crash fixes for <<< >>> with null objects
  - (fixed) stop ignoring midi clock in midi messages
  - (fixed) crash fix for array => ugen
  - (fixed) fix OscOut send failure for programs that also use OscIn


1.3.5.1 (April 2015)
---
  - (added) new ChuGins
            - PowerADSR
              by Eric Heep
              Power function ADSR envelope.
            - WinFuncEnv
              by Eric Heep
              Envelope built on window functions.
  - (added) more aggressive optimizations for ARM platforms
  - (fixed) SndBuf fixes
  - (fixed) SerialIO fixes:
            - newline handling
            - full-duplex IO
            - general lag issues


1.3.5.0 (December 2014)
---
  - (added) new functions in Std
            - int Std.clamp(int v, int min, int max)
              Return v constrained to [min, max]
            - float Std.clampf(float v, float min, float max)
              Return v constrained to [min, max]
            - float Std.scalef(float v, float srcmin, float srcmax, 
                               float dstmin, float dstmax)
              Scale v to range [dstmin, dstmax]. v is assumed to have the range
              [srcmin, srcmax]. 
            - float Std.dbtolin(float x)
              Convert x dB to linear value
            - float Std.lintodb(float x)
              Convert linear value x to dB
  - (added) MidiIn.open(string)/MidiOut.open(string) will open devices matched 
            by partial match if no full device-name match is found. 
  - (added) examples/osc/osc_dump.ck example 
  - (added) new static variables in ADSR
            - .ATTACK, .DECAY, .SUSTAIN, .RELEASE, .DONE
              values corresponding to current state, returned by ADSR.state()
  - (added) full book/digital-artists examples
  - (fixed) real-time audio hiccuping/underrun when loading files in SndBuf
            - SndBuf .chunks now uses .chunks as buffer size for dynamic loading
            - files are loaded .chunks samples at a time
            - memory for the file is divided into buffers of .chunks samples
            - chunk size defaults to 32768 samples
  - (fixed) DLL issue on Win32 command line build
  - (fixed) non-void functions implicitly return 0/null if no return statement
  - (fixed) --probe crashes and other crashes related to error logging
  - (fixed) include trailing slash in me.dir() and friends
  - (fixed) fix me.path()/me.dir() for input paths with implicit .ck extension
  - (fixed) better error messages for OscIn/OscOut
  - (fixed) rare threading bug for OTF commands


1.3.4.0 (April 2014)
---
  - (added) chuck operator connects between arrays of ugens, multi-channel 
            ugens, and mono unit ugens
            ex. 
                SinOsc s => Pan2 pan => Gain master[2] => dac;
            persists stereo signal through master to dac. 
            See examples/stereo/array.ck for example usage. 
  - (added) new OSC support classes
            - OscOut
              Sends OSC messages
                - .dest(string host, int port)
                  set destination hostname or IP address and port
                - .start(string addr)
                  set target OSC address to addr
                - .add(int i)
                - .add(float f)
                - .add(string s)
                  add argument to the message
                - .send()
                  send message
            - OscIn extends Event
              Receives OSC messages
                - int .port
                  port number to listen to
                - .addAddress(string addr)
                  listen for OSC addresses matching addr
                - .removeAddress(string addr)
                  stop listening for OSC addresses matching addr
                - .listenAll()
                  listen for all incoming OSC messages on port
                - int .recv(OscMsg msg)
                  retrieve pending OSC messages into msg. Returns 1 if a 
                  message was available, 0 otherwise
            - OscMsg
              Encapsulates a received OSC message
                - string .address
                  the OSC address this message was sent to
                - string .typetag
                  the OSC typetag of this message
                - int .getInt(int i)
                - float .getFloat(int i)
                - string .getString(int i)
                  retrieve the argument at position i of the given type
            See examples/osc/ for examples on usage. 
            OscRecv and OscSend are still supported for backwards compatibility,
            but new code should use OscIn and OscOut. 
  - (added) new SerialIO functions
            - .writeByte(int b)
              write byte b to the serial stream
            - .writeBytes(int b[])
              write array of bytes b to the serial stream
  - (added) new chugins (from Joel Matthys)
            - PitchTrack
              Monophonic autocorrelation pitch tracker, based on [helmholtz~] by
              Katja, http://www.katjaas.nl/helmholtz/helmholtz.html
            - GVerb
              Good quality stereo reverb with adjustable parameters
            - Mesh2D
              STK instrument that simulates a rectilinear, 2-dimensional digital
              waveguide mesh structure. Basically sounds like striking a metal 
              plate.
            - Spectacle
              FFT-based spectral delay and EQ
            - Elliptic
              Elliptic filter, capable of very steep slopes or interesting 
              harmonic ripples
  - (fixed) ChucK Shell fixes


1.3.3.0 (November 2013)
---
  - (added) PulseAudio support (via RtAudio)  
  - (fixed) relative path resolution for me.path() and me.dir()
  - (fixed) C:/ style pathnames do not trigger spurious argument processing
  - (fixed) MidiFileIn on Windows/Linux


1.3.2.0 (September 2013)
---
  - (added) --clear.vm flag
            instructs remote VM to remove all shreds and clear public user types
  - (added) Std.ftoi(float f)
            Function for converting float to int
  - (added) ASCII char literals - 'c' converted to int with ASCII value
  - (added) book/digital-artists example programs for forthcoming book:
            "Programming for Musicians and Digital Artists" (Manning 
            Publications)
            (very special thanks to Mark Morris and Bruce Lott for sample
            production)
  - (added) new functions
            - me.path()
              equivalent to me.sourcePath()
            - me.dir()
              equivalent to me.sourceDir()
            - me.dir(int N)
              return Nth-level parent of source directory
            - Shred.fromId(int id)
              return Shred object corresponding to specified id
  - (added) new functions for string objects
            - .charAt(int index)
              return character of string at index
            - .setCharAt(int index, int ch)
              set character of string at index to ch
            - .substring(int pos)
              return new string with characters from pos to end of string
            - .substring(int pos, int len)
              return new string with characters from pos of length len
            - .insert(int pos, string str)
              insert str at pos
            - .erase(int pos, int len)
              remove len characters from string, beginning at pos
            - .replace(int pos, string str)
              replace characters of string at pos with str
            - .replace(int pos, int len, string str)
              replace len characters of string with str, starting at pos
            - .find(int ch)
              search for character ch in string, return index of first instance
            - .find(int ch, int pos)
              search for character ch in string, return index of first instance
              at or after index pos
            - .find(string str)
              search for string str in string, return index of first instance
            - .find(string str, int pos)
              search for string str in string, return index of first instance at
              or after index pos
            - .rfind(int ch)
              search for character ch in string, return index of last instance
            - .rfind(int ch, int pos)
              search for character ch in string, return index of last instance
              at or before index pos
            - .rfind(string str)
              search for string str in string, return index of last instance
            - .rfind(string str, int pos)
              search for string str in string, return index of last instance at
              or before index pos
  - (added) MidiFileIn class
            Class for parsing + handling MIDI input from a file.
            See examples/midi/playmidi.ck for example usage. 
            - .open(string filename)
              Open file at specified path
            - .read(MidiMsg inMsg)
              Get next message in first track
            - .read(MidiMsg inMsg, int trackNo)
              Get next message in trackNo
  - (added) SerialIO class (extends IO)
            Class for communicating with serial devices, e.g Arduino.
            See examples/serial/ for example usage. 
            - .list() (static)
              return array of strings corresponding
              to available serial IO devices
            - .open(int i, int baud, int mode)
              open device with index i. baud can be a constant specifying
              which standard serial baud rate is used (e.g. 
              SerialIO.B9600). mode can be SerialIO.ASCII or 
              SerialIO.BINARY to specify ASCII or binary interpretation
              of serial data. 
            - .onLine()
            - .onByte()
            - .onBytes(int num)
            - .onInts(int num)
            - .onFloats(int num)
              chuck to now to wait for that type of data to arrive (in the
              specified quantity). E.g. serial.onLine() => now; will wait 
              for 1 newline-terminated string to arrive from the serial
              device. 
            - .getLine()
              .getByte()
              retrieve data requested as above as string/byte
            - .getBytes()
              .getInts()
              .getFloats()
              retrieve data requested using the onLine()/etc. above. as array
              of data type
            - .baudRate()
              .baudRate(int baud)
              get/set baud rate
            - SerialIO.B2400
              SerialIO.B4800
              SerialIO.B9600
              SerialIO.B19200
              SerialIO.B38400
              SerialIO.B7200
              SerialIO.B14400
              SerialIO.B28800
              SerialIO.B57600
              SerialIO.B115200
              SerialIO.B230400
              available baud rates
  - (added) Regex class
            Class for regular expression matching and replacing in strings. 
            Regex style is POSIX-extended. 
            - RegEx.match(string pattern, string str)
              Return true if match for pattern is found in str, false otherwise
            - RegEx.match(string pattern, string str, string matches[])
              Same as above, but return the match and sub-patterns in matches
              matches[0] is the entire matched pattern, matches[1] is the first 
              sub-pattern (if any), and so on. 
            - RegEx.replace(string pat, string repl, string str)
              Replace the first instance of pat in str with repl, returning the
              result. 
            - RegEx.replaceAll(string pat, string repl, string str)
              Replace all instances of pat in str with repl, returning the
              result. 
  - (fixed) --adc:<N> now works as expected
  - (fixed) FileIO => string bug
  - (fixed) LiSa.sync/LiSa.track now works when set to 
            1 (playhead follows input, normalized/rectified to [0,1])
            2 (playhead follows input, non-normalized/rectified)
            affects examples/special/LiSa-track*.ck
  - (fixed) LiSa interpolation bug
  - (fixed) .clear() function of arrays properly removes all items of the array
  - (fixed) != properly handles comparison between a string and literal null
  - (fixed) multichannel refcounting bug
  - (fixed) WvOut performs IO writes on separate thread, significantly 
            minimizing audio underruns
  - (fixed) crash in Chorus destructor
  - (fixed) crash in Mandolin destructor
  - (fixed) ADSR correctly initialized in "DONE" state


1.3.1.3 (September 2012)
---
  - (fixed) number in --dac:<N> flag is no longer off by one (this bug
            was introduced in 1.3.1.2)


1.3.1.2 (September 2012)
---
  - (added) chuck now automatically detects and uses next highest
            or closest (in that order) system sample rate in   
            the case where the default is not available; if a sample
            rate requested via --srate: is not available, an error
            will be encountered with a message.
  - (fixed) base parent object is correctly accounted for by 
            new shred when sporking member functions
            (thanks to Michael Heuer for reporting and 
             narrowing this down)
  - (fixed) popping local variables from the operand stack in cases
            where the datatype size is larger than int-size; this
            is a bug introduced with 64-bit in 1.3.1.0, and exhibited
            on 32-bit systems only.  (thanks to Simon Steptoe 
            reporting and narrowing this down)
  - (fixed) opening real-time audio with 0 input channels should
            now work, once again.


1.3.1.1 (September 2012)
---
  - (fixed) critical bug since 1.3 where member function calls in
            loop conditionals caused crashes when the loop body
            contained local Object's to be released;  this directly
            affects using OSC, MIDI, HID, which commonly employ 
            syntax like: 'while( e.nextMesg() ) { ... }';
            -- this is most likely the cause of the OSC-related issues
            we've been seeing (thanks to Graham Coleman for tracking 
            down and narrowingthe issue!)
  - (fixed) strengthened synchronization in OSC between internal
            listener thread and chuck VM code
  - (fixed) memory bug in OscRecv deallocation
  - (fixed) Machine.add( ... ) on windows now supports both '\\'
            and '/' in aboslute paths (previously only '\\').
            (thanks to Graham Coleman for finding this!)


1.3.1.0 (September 2012)
---
  - (added) 64-bit support for all platforms (OS X, Linux, Windows)
            many thanks to Paul Brossier, Stephen Sinclair, 
            Robin Haberkorn, Michael Wilson, Kassen, and 
            Fernando Lopez-Lezcano, and chuck-users!
  - (added) Math.random(), random2(), randomf(), random2f(), srandom(),
            and Math.RANDOM_MAX;  NOTE: randomf() returns range 0.0 to 1.0
            these use the much better random() stdlib functions
            the existing Std.rand*() and Std.srand() is still
            be available for compatibility (these to be deprecated
            in the future; please start using Math.random*())
            * (NOTE: on windows, Math.random() still uses the same
              generator as Std.rand() -- we hope to improve this in
              a future version!)
            * (NOTE: also see removed below)
  - (added) chuck --version | chuck --about now print architecture
            (32-bit or 64-bit)
  - (added) Machine.intsize() will return int width in bits (e.g., 32 or 64)
  - (added) examples/array/array_mmixed.ck to verify mixed-index
            fix (see below), based on Robin Haberkorn's test code
  - (fixed) multi-dimensional arrays now correctly support mix-typed
            indices (e.g., strings & ints) (thanks Robin Haberkorn)
  - (fixed) constants in Math library now cleaner, they include:
            * Math.PI
            * Math.TWO_PI
            * Math.e or Math.E
            * Math.i or Math.I or Math.j or Math.J // as 'complex' type
            * Math.INFINITY
            * Math.RANDOM_MAX
            * Math.INT_MAX // currently, differs on 32-bit and 64-bit systems
            * Math.FLOAT_MAX
            * Math.FLOAT_MIN_MAG // minimum positive float value
  - (fixed) Chubgraph.gain(), .last(), and .op()
  - (fixed) error message printing system for variable arguments
  - (fixed) StifKarp.sustain now works properly
  - (fixed) all examples now use Math.random*() instead of Std.rand*()
  - (removed) Math.rand*() removed --> please use Math.random*();
            (see 'added' above; Std.rand*() still there, but to be 
            deprecated; please use Math.random*() moving forward)


1.3.0.2 (August 2012)
---
  - (fixed) string literal reference counting
  - (fixed) chuck to function call reference counting


1.3.0.1 (August 2012)
---
  - (fixed) WvOut no longer only record silence
  - (fixed) WvOut.closeFile() does not cause the VM to hang


1.3.0.0 (August 2012)
---
  - (added) Chugins: dynamically loaded compiled classes/ugens
            see http://chuck.stanford.edu/extend/ for examples. 
  - (added) new command line options
            --chugin-load:{auto|off}     disable/enable chugin loading
            -gFILE/--chugin:FILE         load chugin at FILE
            -GPATH/--chugin-path:PATH    load all chugins in directory PATH
            --dac:NAME                   use dac with name matching NAME
            --adc:NAME                   use adc with name matching NAME
  - (added) Chubgraphs: create ugens by compositing existing UGens
            see examples/extend/chubgraph.ck
  - (added) ChuGens: create ugen by implementing audio-rate processing in ChucK
            see examples/extend/chugen.ck
  - (added) new ugens:
            - WvOut2: stereo uncompressed audio file output
            - SndBuf2: stereo uncompressed audio file input
  - (added) new functions:
            - me.sourcePath()
                returns file path of source file corresponding to this shred
            - me.sourceDir()
                returns directory of source file corresponding to this shred
            - MidiIn.open(string name)
                open MIDI input matching name
            - MidiOut.open(string name)
                open MIDI output matching name
            - Hid.open(string name)
                open HID matching name
  - (added) experimental OS X multitouch HID
  - (fixed) real-time audio on Mac OS X 10.7 (Lion), 10.8 (Mountain Lion)
  - (fixed) IO.newline() now flushes "chout"
  - (fixed) "chout" and "cherr" now invoke member functions correctly
  - (fixed) no for statement conditional handled correctly
  - (fixed) STK WvOut correctly handles case when file open fails
  - (fixed) << operator for arrays now correctly references counts
  - (fixed) crashing bug when receiving external events at a high-rate
            ("the OSC bug")
  - (fixed) scope closing correctly dereferences local objects
  - (fixed) crash when exiting shreds with connected ugens
  - (fixed) deallocation of "empty" Shred object no longer crashes
  - (fixed) crash when HID events are sent to an exited shred
  - (fixed) destructors for built-in objects are executed


1.2.1.3 (October 2009)
---
  - (added) initial/experimental support for file I/O (finally)
            (thanks to Andrew Schran, Martin Robinson)
  - (added) new class: IO, FileIO
            see examples/io/:
                read-int.ck
                read-str.ck
                readline.ck - using readline
                write.ck - write using <=
                write2.ck - write using .write()
  - (added) IO input via =>
  - (added) IO output via <= (the "back-chuck")
            example: fio <= x <= " " <= y <= "\n";
  - (added) new syntax for checking if/while/for/until with IO objects
            e.g., while( fio => i ) { ... }
  - (added) StdOut/StdErr objects:
            "chout" (pronounced "shout")
            "cherr" (pronounced "Cher")
  - (added) Hid.open() now can accept a device name parameter
  - (added) analysis/tracking examples are now back
            (thanks to Kassen for looking into this)
  - (fixed) calling overloaded functions with most specific match
            e.g., Specific extends General:
            fun void foo( General obj ) { }
            fun void foo( Specific obj ) { }
            foo( obj $ Specific ); // should call foo( Specific )
            (thanks to Robert Poor for reporting, to Kassen, David Rush,
            Michael Heuer, and Andrew C. Smith for follow-up)
  - (fixed) STK instruments control changes reports range issues as
            "control value exceeds nominal range"; previously printed
            hard-coded values that were potentially misleading
            (thanks to Kassen for reporting)
  - (fixed) all oscillators now produce audio for negative frequencies
            (thanks to Luke Dahl)
  - (fixed) incorrect UGen disconnect (thanks Kassen for reporting)
  - (fixed) type checker now validates if/while/for/until types
  - (fixed) linux compilation (for gcc 4.x)
  - (fixed) complilation on OS X Snow Leopard


1.2.1.2 (July 2008)
---
  - (added) dynamic, resizable arrays
                .size( int ) resizes array; .size() returns current size()
                << operator appends new elements into array
                .popBack() pops the last element of the array, reducing size by 1
                .clear() zero's out elements of the array
            (see examples/array/
                array_dyanmic.ck
                array_resize.ck)
  - (added) new UAna: FeatureCollector
            turns UAna input into a single feature vector, upon .upchuck()
            new UAna: Flip
            turns audio samples into frames in the UAna domain
            new UAna: pilF
            turns UAna frames into audio samples, via overlap add
            new UAna: AutoCorr
            computes the autocorrelation of UAna input
            new UAna: XCorr
            computes the cross correlation of the first two UAna input
  - (added) UGen.isConnectedTo( Ugen )  // is connected to another ugen?
  - (added) UAna.isUpConnectedTo( UAna )  // is connected to another uana via =^?
  - (added) int Shred.done()  // is the shred done?
            int Shred.running()  // is the shred running?
  - (added) int Math.ensurePow2( int )
  - (added) Math.INFINITY, Math.FLOAT_MAX, Math.FLOAT_MIN_MAG, Math.INT_MAX
  - (added) TriOsc.width(), PulseOsc.width(), SawOsc.width(), SqrOsc.width()
  - (added) Std.system(string) is now disabled by default, to enable: specify
            the --caution-to-the-wind command line flag, for example:
                %> chuck --caution-to-the-wind --loop
  - (removed) SqrOsc.width( float ), width is always .5
  - (fixed) it's now (again) possible to multiply connect
            two UGen's
  - (fixed) OS X only: sudden-motion-sensor HID no longer 
            introduces audio dropouts below peak CPU usage
            due to added centralized polling;
            added static Hid.globalPollRate( dur ) to control
            the central SMS polling's rate
  - (fixed) Windows only: implementation of array via STL vector::reserve()
            has been replaced with a more compatible approach (see chuck_oo.cpp)
  - (fixed) dac amplitude no longer halved!
            NOTE: this increases the gain from before by
            a factor of 2, or roughly 6 dB!!  BEWARE!!
  - (fixed) corrected order of shred/ugen dealloc in VM destructor,
            preventing a potential crash during shutdown
  - (fixed) UAna can now upchuck() at now==0
  - (fixed) STK Chorus UGen now has reasonable defaults
            .max( dur, float ) for initializing to delay/depth limits
            .baseDelay( dur ) sets current base delay
  - (fixed) dur +=> now no longer crashes
  - (fixed) ADSR now returns attackTime, decayTime, and releaseTime that corresponds
            to the duration-based setting functions (internally multiplied by SR)
            (thanks Eduard)
  - (fixed) STK Mandolin no longer plays without explicit noteOn
  - (fixed) unsporked Shred instances now given id == 0 (thanks Kassen)
  - (fixed) typos in ugen_xxx.cpp and chuck-specific rtaudio.cpp (/moudi)


1.2.1.1 (October 2007)
---
  - (fixed) ctrl-c no longer causes crash on shutdown
            (was due to memory deallocation bug)
  - (fixed) incorrect code generation for multiple expressions in 3rd clause 
            of for loops (thanks to Eduard for tracking!)
  - (fixed) Envelope now is able to ramp down (contributed by Kassen, Dr. Spankenstein, 
            kijjaz, and others on electro-music!)
            

1.2.1.0 (codename: spectral, August 2007)
---
  - (added) Unit Analyzers (UAna: prounced U-Wanna, plural UAnae)
              (primary creators: Rebecca and Ge)
            provides support for spectral processing, 
              information retrieval, generalized + precise audio analysis

  - (added) new datatypes:
            ---------
            complex: (real,imaginary)
                 example: #(3,4) is complex literal (3,4)
                 example: #(3,4) => complex value;
                          access components via value.re and value.im
                 used by UAnae

            polar: (modulus, phase)
                 example: %(.5, pi/4) is magnitude .5 and phase pi/4
                 example: %(.5, pi/4) => polar bear;
                          access components via bear.mag and bear.phase
                 used by UAnae
            ----------
            example: can cast between complex and polar via standard $ casting

  - (added) new UAna's:
            ----------
            (authors: Rebecca and Ge)
            FFT: Fast Fourier Transform
                 input: from UGen (manually input float vector)
                 output: complex spectrum (.cval()/.cvals())
                         magnitude spectrum (.cval()/.fvals())
                 (see examples/analysis/)
            IFFT: Inverse FFT
                 input: UAna/Blob complex vector (spectrum)
                 output: to UGen (as samples)
                 (see examples/analysis/)
            Centroid: Centroid feature extractor
                 input: UAna/Blob float vector (mag spectrum)
                 output: single centroid value per frame
                 (see examples/analysis/features/)
            Flux: Flux feature extractor
                 input: UAna/Blob float vector (mag spectrum)
                 output: single flux value between current and previous frame
                 (see examples/analysis/features/)
            RMS: RMS feature extractor
                 input: UAna/Blob float vector (mag spectrum)
                 output: single RMS value of frame
                 (see examples/analysis/features/)
            RollOff: RollOff feature extractor
                 input: UAna/Blob float vector (mag spectrum)
                        percentage threshold
                 output: single RollOff value of frame
                 (see examples/analysis/features/)
            ----------

  - (added) capability to externally abort "infinite loop" shreds
            (this deals with hanging shreds due to potentially
            infinite loops that don't advance time)
  - (added) OTF command: chuck --abort.shred sends network OTF
            to server to remove current shred if there is one
  - (added) default .toString() method to all Object's
  - (added) adding an Object to string will first cast object to string;
            then add the two
  - (added) LiSa.duration() get method, and .voiceGain() set/get
            (Dan Trueman)
  - (added) alternate line comment: <-- same as //
            example:
                 SinOsc s => dac;  <-- here is a comment
  - (fixed) NullPointerException when instantiating array of objects
            containing arrays of objects
                 (thanks to chuck-users!!)
  - (fixed) Machine.remove() on parent shred id no longer crashes
  - (fixed) Machine.remove() on 'me' now works correctly
  - (fixed) rounding when writing files via WvOut
                 (thanks to Chris Chafe for discovering and reporting this)
  - (changed) default frequencies (220/440) added for various STK instruments


---
(there is no version 1.2.0.9!)
---


1.2.0.8 (March 2007)
---
  - (added) command line argument support
            e.g. %> chuck foo.ck:1:hello bar:2.5:"with space"
                 also works with OTF commands
            e.g. %> chuck + foo:1:yo
                 also works with Machine.add( ... )
            e.g. // code
                 Machine.add( "foo:1:2:yo" );
            (see examples/basic/args.ck for accessing from code)
  - (added) OS X: watchdog enabled
            win32: watchdog implemented and enabled
            (combats chuck infinite empty loop implosion)
  - (added) OTF server/listener now ON by default...
            to enable, specify --loop or --server
            to disable, specify --standalone
  - (added) new UGens:
            --------
            Dynamics: dynamics processor (compressor, expander, etc.)
                  (author Matt Hoffman and Graham Coleman)
                  (see examples/special/)

            GenX: classic + new lookup table functions base class
                  (author Dan Trueman, ported from RTCMix)
                  (see examples/special/)

                  float .lookup( float ) : lookup table value
                  float[] .coeffs( float[] ) : load the table
            Gen5 (extends GenX)
            Gen7 (extends GenX)
            Gen9 (extends GenX)
            Gen10 (extends GenX)
            Gen17 (extends GenX)
            CurveTable (extends GenX)
            WarpTable (extends GenX)

            LiSa: (Li)ve (Sa)mpling!
                  (author Dan Trueman, partly based on Dan's munger~)

            --------
  - (added) (prototype) string catenation
            (for now will leak memory! use wisely!!!)
            e.g. // expression
                 "a" + "b"
                 "a" + 45
                 "a" + 5.1
                 "postfix" +=> str;
  - (added) string escape sequences
            \0 \n \t \a \" \b \f \r \v \\
            \nnn (3 digit octal ascii)
  - (added) new Objects:
            --------
            StringTokenizer: uh string tokenizer (by whitespace)
                (use to be hidden PRC object)
                see examples/string/token.ck

            ConsoleInput: interim console input (until file I/O)
                (use to be hidden Skot object)
                see examples/string/readline.ck

            --------

  - (api)   API additions
            -------- (also see API modifications below)
            ADSR: dur attackTime()
                  dur decayTime()
                  dur releaseTime()
            WvOut: void closeFile()
            Hid: void openTiltSensor()
                 int read( int, int, HidMsg )
            HidMsg: int isWheelMotion()
                    (support for mouse scroll wheels)
                    int key
                    (cross-platform USB HID Keyboard Usage code)
                    int ascii
                    (ASCII value of key, where appropriate)
            --------
  - (api)   API modifications (sorry!)
            --------
            ADSR: float attackTime( float ) -> dur attackTime( dur )
                  float decayTime( float ) -> dur decayTime( dur )
                  float releaseTime( float ) -> dur releaseTime( dur )
            --------
  - (api) deprecated --> new classes
    --------------------------
       HidIn  -->  Hid

  - (fixed) adc.last() now returns correct value (was returning 0)
  - (fixed) array is now subclass of Object
  - (fixed) accessing null array no longer crashes (instead: exception)
  - (fixed) allow: 0 length float arrays
  - (fixed) check for negative array size
  - (fixed) accessing null map no longer crashes (instead: exception)
  - (fixed) connecting null UGen references no longer crashes
  - (fixed) trivial (null == null) no longer evaluated as string
  - (fixed) strict (x,y) => z type checking
  - (fixed) UGens no longer able to make duplicate connections
  - (fixed) && now terminates early if an operand evaluates to 0
            || terminates early if an operand evaluates to 1
  - (fixed) bug accessing static members of built-in classes
  - (fixed) OscSend.startMsg no longer silently fails when 
            using a single string message specification
  - (fixed) Math.atan2 now accepts the proper arguments
  - (fixed) increased OTF command network fail-safe measures
  - (fixed) STK BlitSquare now produces correct frequency
            (applied fix from STK release)
  - (fixed) no longer spontaneously crashes when HidIn and 
            other event based input mechanisms are firing rapidly
  - (fixed) using non-static variables from inside static functions
  - (fixed) variables must be declared before being used


1.2.0.7b (October 2006)
---
  - added: (all) HidIn.name() now returns meaningful device name
  - fixed: (all) fixed STK Envelope bug
  - fixed: (osx) mouse motion now correctly returns delta Y
  - fixed: (win32) joystick hat messages now properly reported
  - fixed: (win32) fixed bug where joysticks of same model/product
           id would send messages through the same HidIn object
  - fixed: (all) seg fault in OSCSend.startMsg() with single 
           string message specification


1.2.0.7 (October 2006)
---
  - (api) deprecated --> new classes
    --------------------------
       sinosc  -->  SinOsc
       triosc  -->  TriOsc
       sqrosc  -->  SqrOsc
       sawosc  -->  SawOsc
     pulseosc  -->  PulseOsc
       phasor  -->  Phasor
          osc  -->  Osc
        noise  -->  Noise
       cnoise  -->  CNoise
      impulse  -->  Impulse
         step  -->  Step
     halfrect  -->  HalfRect
     fullrect  -->  FullRect
         gain  -->  Gain
        zerox  -->  ZeroX
       delayp  -->  DelayP
       sndbuf  -->  SndBuf
         pan2  -->  Pan2
         mix2  -->  Mix2
      onepole  -->  OnePole
      onezero  -->  OneZero
     polezero  -->  PoleZero
      twopole  -->  TwoPole
      twozero  -->  TwoZero
       biquad  -->  BiQuad
         ****  -->  ****
          std  -->  Std
         math  -->  Math
      machine  -->  Machine
    --------------------------
  - (added) --deprecate:X flag
            X can be stop, warn, or ignore - default is warn
  - (added) STK BiQuad get functions pfreq, prad, zfreq, zrad
  - (added) ADSR functions:
            void .set( dur a, dur d, float s, dur r );
            void .set( float a, float d, float s, float r );
  - (added) new UGens (adapted from SC3 Server, Pure Data, CSound)
    --------------------------
          LPF : resonant lowpass filter (2nd order butterworth)
          HPF : resonant highpass filter (2nd order butterworth)
          BPF : bandpass filter (2nd order butterworth)
          BRF : bandreject filter (2nd order butterworth)
       ResonZ : resonant filter (BiQuad with equal-gain zeros)
  FilterBasic : base class to above filters
    --------------------------
  - (added) new HidIn static variables for HidMsg message and device types
  - (added) HidMsg fields to determine device type and number
  - (added) HidMsg functions with capitalization rather than underscores 
            (underscored functions deprecated)
  - (added) .period for all oscillators
  - (fixed) floating point denormals no longer cause potentially
            massive CPU usage on intel processors, this includes
            BiQuad, OnePole, TwoPole, PoleZero, JCRev, PRCRev, NRev
  - (fixed) STK Echo.max no longer gives incorrect warnings
  - (fixed) linux makefiles now respects CC/CFLAGS/CXX (Cedric Krier)
  - (fixed) SinOsc/TriOsc/PulseOsc/SqrOsc/Phasor.sync now unified:
            .sync == 0 : sync frequency to input
            .sync == 1 : sync phase to input
            .sync == 2 : fm synth
            |
      NOTE: the above changes may break/affect existing patches
            using TriOsc, PulseOsc, or SqrOsc
  - (fixed) TriOsc/PulseOsc/SqrOsc phase consistent with convention
  - (fixed) ADSR now handles keyOff() before sustain state
  - (fixed) ADSR now correctly inherits Envelope


1.2.0.6 (more, August 2006))
---
  - (added) support for Mac OS X universal binary
  - (added) executable now reports targets:

  > chuck --version

    chuck version: 1.2.0.6 (dracula)
       exe target: mac os x : universal binary
       http://chuck.cs.princeton.edu/

1.2.0.6 (August 2006)
---
  - (added) support for Mac OS X on Intel: (make osx-intel)
  - (added) win32 - boost thread priority default from 0 to 5
  - (added) Mandolin.bodyIR( string path ): set body impulse response
  - (added) HID: support for mouse input on OS X, Windows, Linux 
              through 'HidIn' class
  - (added) HID: support for keyboard input on OS X, Windows
              through 'HidIn' class
  - (added) new HID examples:
              hid/mouse-fm.ck
                 /keyboard-flute.ck
  - (added) OS X: --probe human-readable MIDI names
              (thanks to Bruce Murphy)
  - (fixed) multiple declarations now behave correctly:
                (example: int a, b, c;)
  - (fixed) now possible to spork non-static member functions
                (example: Foo foo; spork ~ foo.go();)
  - (fixed) sporking fixed in general
  - (fixed) pre/post ++/-- now work correctly
                (example: int i; <<< i++ + i++ * ++i >>>;)
  - (fixed) public classes can now internally reference non-public
            classes in the same file
  - (fixed) obj @=> obj now ref counts correctly
  - (fixed) STK Mandolin.detune( float f ) changed
  - (fixed) STK Mandolin.damping( float f ) changed


1.2.0.5b (April 2006)
---
  - (fixed) adc bug
  - (fixed) %=> bug


1.2.0.5 (April 2006)
---
  - (added) multi-channel audio
            - use --channels<N> or -c<N> set number of channels
              for both input and output
            - use --out<N>/-o<N> and --in<N>/-i<N> to request
              # of input and output channels separately
            - stereo is default (for now)
  - (added) UGen.channels()
  - (added) class UGen -> class UGen_Multi -> class UGen_Stereo
  - (added) UGen UGen_Multi.chan( int )
            use this to address individual channels
  - (added) examples in examples/multi
            - n.ck : n channels detuned sine
            - i.ck : n channels impulse
  - (added) HID support (author: Spencer Salazar)
  - (added) 'HidIn' event class (see examples/hid/*.ck)
  - (added) Terminal Keyboard Input (immediate mode, separate from HID)
  - (added) 'KBHit' event class (see examples/event/kb*.ck)
  - (added) sndbuf.chunks : better real-time behavior
            - can be set to arbitrary integers
              (before the .read happens)
            - default is 0 frames (no chunk)
            - set .chunks to 0 to read in entire file
              (previous behavior)
  - (added) int math.isinf( float ) // infinity test
  - (added) int math.isnan( float ) // NaN test
            (see examples/basic/infnan.ck)
  - (added) sndbuf.valueAt( int ) for returning sample at arbitrary pos
            (see examples/basic/valueat.ck)
  - (added) MASSIVE STK UPDATE
  - (added) 'StkInstrument' class
              .noteOn( float )
              .noteOff( float )
              .freq( float ) / .freq()
              .controlChange( int, float )
  - (added) the following now extend 'StkInstrument'
            (most of them have additional parameters)
              - BandedWG
              - BlowBotl
              - BlowHole
              - Bowed
              - Brass
              - Clarinet
              - Flute
              - FM (and all its subclasses: BeeThree, FMVoices,
                    HevyMetl, PercFlut, Rhodey, TubeBell, Wurley)
              - Mandolin
              - ModalBar
              - Moog
              - Saxofony
              - Shakers
              - Sitar
              - StifKarp
              - VoicForm
  - (added) better STK documentation
            http://chuck.cs.princeton.edu/doc/program/ugen.html
  - (added) examples/stk/modulate.ck
  - (added) --watchdog and --nowatchdog flags
            (very experiment watchdog for real-time audio)
  - (added) () => function; // calls function();
            (thanks to Mike McGonagle for reporting)
  - (added) if exp: ( cond ? if_cond : else_cond )
            (thanks to Mike McGonagle for reporting)
  - (added) math.abs( int ), math.fabs( float ), math.sgn( float )
            (std version unchanged)
  - (added) new examples
              - basic/infnan.ck
                     /fm.ck fm2.ck fm3.ck
                     /valueat.ck
              - event/kb.ck kb2.ck
              - hid/joy.ck
                   /joy-fm.ck
                   /joy-noise.ck
                   /joy-shake.ck
              - multi/i.ck
                     /n.ck
                     /we-robot.ck
              - osc/s.ck
                   /r.ck
              - stk/bandedwg.ck
                   /blowbotl.ck
                   /blowhole.ck
                   /bowed.ck
                   /brass.ck
                   /clarinet.ck
                   /flute.ck
                   /mandolin.ck
                   /modalbar.ck
                   /saxofony.ck
                   /stifkarp.ck
  - (fixed) sinsoc, triosc, sqrosc, phasor:
              - .sync( 0 ) uses input signal to modulate frequency
              - .sync( 2 ) uses input signal to modulate phase
                (FM synthesis)
  - (fixed) impulse.last() no longer has extra samp delay
            (thanks to Mike McGonagle for reporting)
  - (fixed) class inheritance now handles the first overloaded
            function of a parent correctly when called using a
            subclass instance.  in other words, this part sucks
            less now.
            (thanks to Mike McGonagle for reporting)
  - (fixed) (internal) type checker re-instantiation patched
  - (fixed) (internal) detach_all() moved to chuck_globals.cpp
  - (fixed) (internal) global variables moved to chuck_globals.cpp
  - (fixed) file handles close in compiler and parser
  - (fixed) syntax error causing syntax errors


1.2.0.4 (December 2005)
---
  - (added) The ChucK Manual (pdf)
            fantastic work by Adam Tindale and other documentors
            see doc/Chuck_manual.pdf
  - (added) Envelope.duration( dur ), Envelope.duration()
  - (added) Envelope.keyOn(), Envelope.keyOff();
  - (added) PitShift.mix( float ), PitShift.mix()
            (originally effectMix)
  - (added) std.srand( int ) : seed random number generator
  - (added) update to RtAudio 3.2.0 -> much lower latency: Window DS
            (thanks to Gary Scavone and Robin Davies)
  - (added) update to RtMidi 1.0.4 -> improved midi: linux ALSA
            (thanks to Gary Scavone and Pedro Lopez-Cabanillas)
  - (added) bandlimited ugens: Blit, BlitSaw, BlitSquare
            (thanks to Robin Davies for implementation,
             Gary Scavone for putting them in STK)
  - (added) examples/basic/foo.ck foo2.ck tick.ck tick2.ck
            (foo2 shows using Blit, tick.ck is a simple counter)
  - (added) examples/class/dinky.ck try.ck
            (creating and using class to make instruments)
  - (fixed) sndbuf.read now closes file handle and sets curf
  - (fixed) default bufsize=256 under OSX and 512 under all other
  - (fixed) chuck + foof garbled error message
  - (fixed) chuck.lex compatibility under some linux
  - (fixed) waiting on null event: no longer crashes VM
  - (fixed) function arguments: no longer allow reference to primitive types
  - (fixed) function: correctly select overloaded functions w/ implicit cast
  - (fixed) std.atoi() std.atof(): no longer crash on null string
  - (fixed) std.fabs(): now works correctly
  - (fixed) basic/moe.ck larry.ck currly.ck use fabs
  - (fixed) missing base class virtual destructors;
            FreeBSD/g++ compatibility (thanks rasmus)
  - (fixed) most -Wall warnings
  - (fixed) CK_LOG_SYSTEM_ERROR now CK_LOG_CORE


1.2.0.3 (October 2005)
---
  (API changes again)
  (syntax change - 'loop' -> 'repeat')
  - loop( ... ) construct (see 1.2.0.2) changed to repeat( ... )
    - usage and semantics same as before
    - this is also an experimental language feature
      (let us know if it's good or bad)
  - float std.abs( float ) changed -> int std.abs( int )
  - use std.fabs( ... ) for floating point absolute value

  - (added) /* block comments */
    - no nesting allowed
    - closing '*/' not necessary if commenting out rest of the file
  - (fixed) arrays of null object references correctly allocated
      : Event @ events[128];
  - (fixed) DEFAULT sndbuf rate now set correctly to interpolate
      for files outside of chuck sample rate (no longer have to
      explicit do 1 => buf.rate)
  - (fixed) examples/midi/polyfony*.ck no longer creates 128
      unnecessary events...
  - (changed) examples/stk/wurley.ck -> examples/stk/wurley2.ck
  - (changed) examples/stk/wurley.ck (wacky version)


1.2.0.2 (2005.10.17)
---
  (sorry for the API changes)
  - (API change) OSC_Send class name changed to 'OscSend'
      (also): .startMesg(...) name changed to startMsg(...)
  - (API change) OSC_Recv class name changed to 'OscRecv'
  - (API change) OSC_Addr class name changed to 'OscEvent'
      (also): .hasMesg() name changed to .hasMsg()
      (also): .nextMesg() name changed to .nextMsg()
  - (API change) STK Shakers.freq now expect Hz instead of MIDI number

  - (moved) examples/event/opensound*.ck moved to examples/osc/OSC*.ck
      (see OSC_send.ck and OSC_recv.ck for examples on OpenSoundControl)
  - (moved) examples/event/polyfony*.ck to examples/midi/

  - (added) 'loop(...){ }' control structure : 
      example: loop( 8 ) { ... } // executes body 8 times
      example: loop( foo ) { ... } // executes body foo times
      (foo is evaluated exactly once entering the loop, the
      value at that time is used as a constant to control
      loop iteration - even if foo is changed in the loop
      body.)
      - supports break and continue
      - important: one fundamantal difference between the loop 
        semantic and for/while/until semantic is that the argument
        expression 'exp' in loop( exp ) is evaluated exactly once
        when the loop is first entered.
  - (added) MidiIn and MidiOut member functions:
      .good() : whether the thing is good to go (int)
      .num()  : the device number (int)
      .name() : the device name (string)
      .printerr( int ) : whether to auto print errors (default YES)
  - (added) --version command line flag (Graham)

  - (changed) chuck --status now prints shreds sorted by id
      (previously it was the current shreduling order + blocked)
  - (changed) a udp port may now be shared by many OSC_Recv (phil)
      : the incoming messages are broadcast to all
  - (changed) address/type string in OSC: comma now optional (phil)

  - (fixed) events are now 0-sample synchronous (instead of 1)
  - (fixed) startup audio stability for --callback mode
  - (fixed) incorrect 'continue' behavior in for loops
  - (fixed) improved OSC stability (phil)
  - (fixed) OSC shreduling sanity check failed now resolved
  - (fixed) math.round for negative numbers (win32)
  - (fixed) std.mtof and std.ftom now internally double precision 
  - (fixed) removed extra console output in STK Flute
  - (fixed) multiple delete/assertion failure on type rollback
  - (fixed) chuck --kill now closes WvOut and MidiRW file handles
  - (added) examples/midi/gomidi.ck : very useful sometimes
  - (added) examples/midi/gomidi2.ck
  - (added) examples/basic/rec-auto.ck (rec2.ck back in action)
  - (added) examples/basic/fmsynth.ck (from v1)
  - (added) examples/sitar.ck
  - (fixed) examples/stk/*-o-matic.ck now uses array


1.2.0.1 (2005.9.27)
---
  - (added) full callback capability for real-time audio
    - blocking functionality still available
    - select via flags: --blocking and --callback
    - improves latency and stability, especially on linux
    - use --callback (default) for low latency / small buffer size
    - use --blocking for higher throughput
  - (fixed) crash when doing on-the-fly 'replace' : chuck --replace 0 foo.ck
  - (fixed) OSC event function now correctly named ("event")
  - (fixed) removed debug output in OSC
  - (fixed) implicit cast is now correct when sporking (thanks to Manfred Brockhaus)
  - (fixed) examples code reformatted, cleaned, and commented
  - (fixed) nested class definitions can now have same name as outer class
  - (fixed) nested class bug in scan1 (thanks to Robin Davies)
  - (fixed) variable resolution in parent class now visible (thanks to Robin Davies)
  - (fixed) variable resolution ordering
    - local, class, parent, global (thanks to Robin Davies)
  - (fixed) emitter now asserts inheritance instead of equality (thanks to Robin Davies)
  - (fixed) string comparison ==, !=
  - (added) string operations <, <=, >, >=


1.2.0.0 (August 2005)
---
  SYNTAX and OPERATORS:
  - (added) +=>, operator : 2 +=> i; (also) -=>, *=>, /=>, %=>
  - (added) @=> for explicit assignment
    this is the only way to make object reference assignments
  - (added) implicit int to float casting
  - (changed) cast now look like: 1.1 $ (int) => int i;
  - (added) function call by chucking : 
    // call
    (1,4) => math.rand2f => result;
    // same as
    math.rand2f(1,4) => result;

  LANGUAGE:
  - (fixed) type system for existing types
  - (added) forward lookup of classes and functions (mutual recursion)
  - (added) stack overflow detection for massive recursion

  DOCUMENTATION:
  - (added) language specification:
        http://chuck.cs.princeton.edu/doc/language

  COMMAND-LINE:
  - (added) --probe prints all audio and MIDI devices
  - (added) --log or --verbose logs compiler and virtual machine
  - (added) --logN or --verboseN multi level logging
    1 - least verbose
    10 - most verbose

  OBJECTS:
  - (added) 'class' definitions : class X { int i; }
  - (added) 'extends' keyword : class Y extends Event { int i; }
  - (added) virtual/polymorphic inheritance
  - (added) added pre-constructors - code at class level
    gets run when object is instantiated
  - (added) function overloading :
    class X { fun void foo() { }  fun void foo( int y ) { } }
  - (added) base classes (can be extended):
    Object, Event, UGen
    see below
  - (added) base classes (cannot be extended):
    array, string
    see below
  - (added) member data
  - (added) static data
  - (added) member functions
  - (added) static functions

  EVENTS:
  - (added) base Event class : Event e;
    can be used directly
    can be extended to custom events
    (see one_event_many_shreds.ck)
  - (added) waiting on event, chuck to now : 
    e => now; // wait on e
  - (added) e.signal() wakes up 1 shred, if any
  - (added) e.broadcast() wakes up all shreds waiting on e
  - (added) class MidiEvent (see gomidi2.ck)
    alternative to polling.
  - (added) class OSCEvent

  ARRAYS:
  - (added) arrays : int a[10]; float b[20]; Event e[2];
  - (added) multidimensional arrays : int a[2][2][2];
  - (added) associative arrays : int a[10]; 0 => a["foo"];
    all arrays are both int-indexed and associative
  - (added) array initialization : [ 1, 2, 3 ] @=> int a[];
  - (added) .cap() for array capacity
  - (added) .find() test if item is associative array
  - (added) .erase() erase item in associative array

  UGENS:
  - (added) class UGen
    can be extended
  - (changed) all ugen parameters are now also functions:
    // set freq
    440 => s.freq => val;
    // same as...
    s.freq( 440 ) => val;
  - (changed) left-most parameters must now be called as functions
    // no longer valid
    f.freq => float val;
    // valid
    f.freq() => float val;
    // still ok
    440 => s.freq => float val;

  SHREDS:
  - (added) class Shred
  - (added) .yield() .id()

  STRINGS:
  - (added) class string

  AUDIO:
  - (added) stereo
    all stereo unit generators have .left, .right, .pan functions
  - (changed) stereo ugen: dac (2 in, 2 out)
  - (changed) stereo ugen: adc (0 in, 2 out)
  - (added) stereo ugen: pan2 take mono or stereo input and pans
  - (added) stereo ugen: mix2 mix stereo input into mono


1.1.5.6 (2005.4.11)
---
  - last 1.1 release : contains all 1.1 changes


1.1.5.5 (2005.2.10)
---
  - FIFO to RR for audio and synthesis - improves stability on OS X
  - fixed stack underflow emitter bug with declarations
  - fixed cpu sleep bug on win32


1.1.5.4 (2004.11.18)
---
  - fixed clicks when using adc unit generator
    (thanks to paul botelho for testing)
  - added 'maybe' keyword
    maybe == 0 or 1, with 50% probability each

new examples:
  - maybe.ck : the maybe keyword - bad idea? maybe.
  - maybecli.ck : maybe click, maybe not

adc examples work better:
  - adc.ck
  - echo.ck
  - i-robot.ck


1.1.5.3 (2004.11.4)
---
  - when a shred is removed from VM, all children shreds are 
    also recursively removed
    (this fix crash due to removing shreds with active children shreds)
    (to keep children around, put parent in infinite time-loop)
    (this isn't always good - real solution coming soon)
  - 'start' keyword now available - holds the a shred's begin time

updated examples:
  - powerup.ck : start local variable changed name
  - spork.ck : added infinite time loop to keep children active


1.1.5.2 (2004.10.17)
---
  - crtical patch shreduler time precision
  - same as 1.1.5.1 - see below


1.1.5.1 (2004.10.15)
---
  - on-the-fly chuck files to remote hosts!
    > chuck @hostname + foo.ck
    > chuck @hostname -p<N> + foo.ck
  - TCP replacing UDP for commands
  - endian observed (mac <-> win32/linux)
  - more sensible VM output for on-the-fly commands
  - many on-the-fly bug fixes
  - --replace: new shred inherits the replaced shred id
    (useful to keep track of shreds in VM)
  - sndbuf automatically set .rate to 1.0 (instead of 0.0)
    (0.0 => buf.rate if no play on next time advance)
  - new on-the-fly examples

new examples:

  - otf_*.ck - illustrates precise on-the-fly timing
    (adapted from Perry's ChucK drumming + Ge's sine poops)

    chuck them one by one into the VM:

      terminal 1%> chuck --loop
      terminal 2%> chuck + otf_01.ck
      (wait)
      terminal 2%> chuck + otf_02.ck
      (wait)
      (repeat through otf_07.ck)
      (remove, replace and add your own)


1.1.5.0 (2004.9.29)
---
  - now able to write audio files (wav, aiff, raw)
    (try rec.ck and rec2.ck concurrently with any other shreds
     to record to disk)
  - STK file endian is now observed (more things should work
    on little endian systems)
  - added 4 "special" built-in sound samples
    "special:glot_pop" - glottal pulse (flat)
    "special:glot_ahh" - glottal 'ahh' pop
    "special:glot_eee" - glottal 'eee' pop
    "special:glot_ooo" - glottal 'ooo' pop
    (see/listen to moe++.ck, larry++.ck, curly++.ck)
  - all bulit-in sound samples now loadable from both WaveLoop and sndbuf
  - (win32) sndbuf now properly loads wav aiff

new examples:
  - moe++.ck - stooges, evolved
  - larry++.ck
  - curly++.ck
  - rec.ck - run this concurrently to write audio to file
    (also try with -s flag for file out, no real-time audio)
  - rec2.ck - same as rec, but writes to different file every time,
    for sessions


1.1.4.9 (2004.9.18)
---
  - all of STK is now in ChucK!
  - new examples (see below)
  - add '--bufnum<N>' to chuck command line (number of buffers)
  - --status no longer prints full path for source
  - full path now works for command line + (thanks Adam T.)
  - minor bug fixes
  - improved online ugen documentation (go phil!)

new ugens: (again, thanks to Phil Davidson!)
  BandedWG (STK)
  Blowhole (STK)
  BlowBotl (STK)
  Bowed (STK)
  Brass (STK)
  Clarinet (STK)
  Flute (STK)
  ModalBar (STK)
  Saxofony (STK)
  Sitar (STK)
  StifKarp (STK)
  delayp - variable write position delay line

new examples:
  band-o-matic.ck - banded waveguide, automated
  delayp.ck - shows usage
  mode-o-matic.ck - modal bar, happy chaos
  stifkarp.ck - stifkarp, chaos


1.1.4.8 (2004.9.8)
---
  - added win32 visual studio support (chuck_win32.*)
  - new oscillators (see below, thanks to Phil)
  - corrected more issues on some 64-bit systems
  - new examples (see below)
  - chucking to oscillators now able to control phase
    (alternative to doing FM by hand (1::samp at a time),
     see pwm.ck and sixty.ck) (thanks to Phil)

new ugens:
  triosc - triangle wave
  pulseosc - pulse wave oscillator w/ controllable pulse width
  sqrosc - square wave
  sawosc - saw tooth
  phasor - 0 to 1 ramp

new examples:
  sixty.ck - shows osc's
  pwm.ck - basic pulse width modulation
  (you can still do FM "by hand" - see fmsynth.ck)


1.1.4.7 (2004.9.4)
---
  - improved performance (reduce cpu overhead)
  - fixed bug that caused crash on ctrl-c
  - added sndbuf.play (same as rate)
  - corrected issues on some 64-bit systems
  - sndbuf.ck now works


1.1.4.6 (2004.8.26)
---
  - added netin/netout unit generators (alpha version)
  - added a lot of STK unit generators (thanks to philipd)
    (over 80% of STK is now imported)
  - fixed Shakers (thanks to philipd) : examples/shake-o-matic.ck
  - better compilation for cygwin
  - minor bugs fixes
  - added many READ functionality for ugen parameters
       see online documentation at:
       http://chuck.cs.princeton.edu/doc/program/ugen.html

new ugens:
  - netout (alpha version) - audio over UDP (see net_send.ck)
  - netin (alpha version) - audio over UDP (see net_recv.ck)
  - Chorus (STK)
  - Envelope (STK)
  - NRev (STK)
  - PRCRev (STK)
  - Modulate (STK)
  - PitShift (STK)
  - SubNoise (STK)
  - WvIn (STK)
  - WvOut (STK)
  - BlowBotl (STK)
  - FM group (STK)
    - BeeThree
    - FMVoices
    - HevyMetl
    - PercFlut
    - TubeBell

new examples:
  - shake-o-matic.ck - STK shakers going bonkers
  - net_send.ck - oneway sender
  - net_recv.ck - oneway recv
  - net_bounce.ck - redirect


1.1.4.5 (2004.8.14)
---
  - fixed bug for multiple declarations
  - made functions local to shred by default
  - shadowing now works
  - add 'blackhole' ugen for ticking ugens
  - added std.mtof (philipd)
  - added std.ftom
  - added std.dbtorms
  - added std.rmstodb
  - added std.dbtopow
  - added std.powtodb

new ugens:
  - blackhole - the silent sample sucker
  - Wurley (STK)
  - Rhodey (STK)
  - OnePole (STK)
  - OneZero (STK)
  - PoleZero (STK)
  - TwoPole (STK)
  - TwoZero (STK)

new examples:
  - powerup.ck ( (ab)use of TwoPole and sporking)
  - i-robot (building feedback filters)
  - voic-o-form.ck (music for replicants)
  - rhodey/wurley.ck (more stk-o-matics)


1.1.4.4 (2004.8.2)
---
  - added sndfile patch for jack/sndfile (Martin Rumori)
  - added special raw wav for WaveLoop (philipd, gewang)

    (see examples/dope.ck)
      "special:ahh"
      "special:eee"
      "special:ooo"
      "special:britestk"
      "special:dope"
      "special:fwavblnk"
      "special:halfwave"
      "speical:impuls10"
      "special:impuls20"
      "special:impuls40"
      "special:mand1"
      "special:mandpluk"
      "special:marmstk1"
      "special:peksblnk"
      "special:ppksblnk"
      "special:slience"
      "speical:sineblnk"
      "special:sinewave"
      "special:snglpeak"
      "special:twopeaks"

  - fixed shred shreduling ID bug for on-the-fly added shreds (gewang)
  - fixed function resolution for on-the-fly added shreds (gewang)
  - added math.nextpow2( int n ) (Niklas Werner, gewang)

new STK ugens:
  - Mandolin (see examples/mandolin.ck examples/mand-o-matic.ck)
  - Moog (see examples/moogie.ck)

new examples:
  - mandolin.ck (use of STK mandolin)
  - mand-o-matic (fire it up!)
  - dope.ck (Homer's WaveLoop using internal STK sound)
  - print_last.ck (prints last ugen output)
  - wind2.ck (2 shreds control parameters)


1.1.4.3 (2004.7.4)
---
  - add sndfile support (Ari Lazier)
  - add sndbuf file reading/writing (Ari Lazier)
  - add sinosc.sfreq and phase (Phil Davidson)
  - add sndbuf rate and sinc interp (Phil Davidson)
  - add cget functions for unit generators parameters
    (many parameters are readable now)
  - add .last for last sample computed for all ugen's
  - add constants in lib import
  - add math.pi math.twopi math.e
  - add --srate(N) in command line (chuck --help)
  - typing .ck extension optional on command line
  - fixed spork bug involved local variables
  - fixed nested function calls
  - fixed math.min/max bug (Phil Davidson)
  - fixed audio stability OS X (Ari Lazier)
  - fixed MidiOut issue (thanks to n++k)

new Unit Generators
(from STK)
  ADSR (updated)
  BiQuad
  Delay
  DelayA
  DelayL
  Echo
  WaveLoop (updated)


1.1.4.2 (2004.6.14)
---
  - added support for arbitrary audio in/out (via command line)


1.1.4.1 (2004.6.13)
---
  - double lt gt fix
  - added demo[0-5].ck to examples
  - PROGRAMMER updated
  - big/little endian issue fixed


1.1.4.0 (2004.6.12)
---
  - major update to use double float for time, dur, and float
    (this fixes the millisecond bug)


1.1.3.6 (2004.6.9)
---
  - fixed win32 build problem (thanks to Adam Wendt)
  - fixed midi stack problem (thanks to Thomas Charbonnel)


1.1.3.5 (2004.6.8)
---
  - fixed mem stack bug (report Alex Chapman)
  - added jack support (thanks to Thomas Charbonnel)


1.1.3.4 (2004.6.7)
---
  - fixed spork bug
  - bad midiin now returns 0
  - supports sound card with no input
  - add spork.ck


1.1.3.3 (2004.6.7)
---
  - added ability to spork shreds from code
  - casting float/int
  - 0-127 MIDI devices support
  - fix bugs in on-the-fly commands
  - added features to --add, --remove
  - added --time --kill
  - fixed table bug (thanks to n++k)
  - fixed linux makefile (thanks to n++k)
  - added STK ugen: WaveLoop, Shakers, JCRev, ADSR
  - added shred-time synch by T - (now % T ) => now;
---
1.1.3.2
---
1.1.3.1


1.1.3.0 (Spring 2004) --- initial release ---
